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Duan J, Cao W, Zhu X, Li Q, Yuan R, Wang H. Electrochemiluminescence of Ultrasmall Silica Nanoparticles from Size Modulation and Multipath Surface State Adjustment for Ultrasensitive HIV-DNA Fragment Detection. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11280-11289. [PMID: 38954610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Here, ultrasmall SiO2 nanoparticles (u-SiO2 NPs, <5 nm) with obvious electrochemiluminescence (ECL) phenomenon, which was absent for conventional silica nanoparticles (c-SiO2 NPs), were reported. In a finite ultrasmall volume, the u-SiO2 NPs exhibited increasing ground state energy and higher optical absorption strength due to the electron-hole confinement model and favored catalyzing the reaction through the rapid diffusion of bulk charge, resulting in apparent ECL emission. Then, Zn2+-induced u-SiO2 nanoaggregates (Zn/u-SiO2-Ov nAGG) were synthesized and exhibited improved ECL performance via multipath surface state adjustment of u-SiO2 from several aspects, including aggregation-induced ECL, the generation of oxygen vacancy (Ov), and more positive surface charge. In addition, an ECL biosensor was constructed for ultrasensitive human immunodeficiency virus-related deoxyribonucleic acid detection from 100 aM to 1 nM with a low limit of 50.48 aM, combining the ECL luminescence of Zn/u-SiO2-Ov nAGG with three-dimensional DNA nanomachine-mediated multioutput amplification for enhanced accuracy and sensitivity compared to the single-output method. Therefore, exploring the ECL of ultrasmall nanoparticles via the adjustment of size and surface state provided a valuable indication to a wider investigation and application of novel ECL materials for clinical diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Weiwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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2
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Golvari P, Alkameh K, Kuebler SM. Si-H Surface Groups Inhibit Methacrylic Polymerization: Thermal Hydrosilylation of Allyl Methacrylate with Silicon Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8366-8373. [PMID: 35686698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-terminated silicon nanoparticles (H-SiNPs) inhibit anerobic thermal autopolymerization of methacrylates. When heated to 100 °C under an inert atmosphere, allyl methacrylate (AMA) was stable for at least 95 h in the presence of 1.2 wt % H-SiNPs, exhibiting less than 0.15% conversion, whereas the neat monomer solidified within 24 h (over 10% conversion after 34 h). A mechanism is proposed that is based on H-transfer from SiNPs to the thermally activated methacrylic dimer biradical, quenching autopolymerization. An analysis of SiNPs isolated after heating in AMA reveals the grafting of ester groups. Thermal hydrosilylation offers a facile way to attach an allyl group to the surface of SiNPs.
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3
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Marcelo GA, Lodeiro C, Capelo JL, Lorenzo J, Oliveira E. Magnetic, fluorescent and hybrid nanoparticles: From synthesis to application in biosystems. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 106:110104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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4
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van den Boom AFJ, Pujari SP, Bannani F, Driss H, Zuilhof H. Fast room-temperature functionalization of silicon nanoparticles using alkyl silanols. Faraday Discuss 2020; 222:82-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00102f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a fast, easy and efficient method for the functionalization of hydrogen-terminated silicon nanoparticles (H-Si NPs). Using silanol compounds, a range of functionalized Si NPs could be produced in only 1 h reaction time at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Wageningen University
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Fatma Bannani
- Department of Chemistry
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafedh Driss
- Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Wageningen University
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
- Chemical and Materials Engineering
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5
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Zhang Z, Hu X. Arylsilylation of Electron-Deficient Alkenes via Cooperative Photoredox and Nickel Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Zhang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LSCI, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LSCI, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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6
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Greenhagen JR, Andaraarachchi HP, Li Z, Kortshagen UR. Synthesis of PEG-grafted boron doped Si nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:211103. [PMID: 31822090 PMCID: PMC7043846 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon nanocrystals are intriguing materials for biomedical imaging applications because of their unique optical properties and biological compatibility. We report a new surface functionalization route to synthesize biological buffer soluble and colloidally stable silicon nanocrystals, which is enabled by surface boron doping. Harnessing the distinctive Lewis acidic boron surface sites, postsynthetic modifications of plasma synthesized boron doped nanocrystals were carried out with polyethylene glycol (PEG-OH) ligands in dimethyl sulfoxide under photochemical conditions. The influence of PEG concentration, PEG molecular weight, and boron doping percentage on the nanocrystal solubility in a biological buffer has been investigated. The boron doping facilitates the surface functionalization via two probable pathways, by providing excellent initial dispersiblity in polar solvents and providing available acidic boron surface sites for bonding. These boron doped silicon nanocrystals have nearly identical absorption features as intrinsic silicon nanocrystals, indicating that they are promising candidates for biological imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R. Greenhagen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - Zhaohan Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Uwe R. Kortshagen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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7
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Kehrle J, Purkait TK, Kaiser S, Raftopoulos KN, Winnacker M, Ludwig T, Aghajamali M, Hanzlik M, Rodewald K, Helbich T, Papadakis CM, Veinot JGC, Rieger B. Superhydrophobic Silicon Nanocrystal-Silica Aerogel Hybrid Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Sensing Application. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4888-4896. [PMID: 29606005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) are abundant and exhibit exquisitely tailorable optoelectronic properties. The incorporation of SiNCs into highly porous and lightweight substrates such as aerogels leads to hybrid materials possessing the attractive features of both materials. This study describes the covalent deposition of SiNCs on and intercalation into silica aerogels, explores the properties, and demonstrates a prototype sensing application of the composite material. SiNCs of different sizes were functionalized with triethoxyvinylsilane (TEVS) via a radical grafting approach and subsequently used for the synthesis of photoluminescent silica hybrids. The resulting SiNC-containing aerogels possess high porosities, SiNC-based size-dependent photoluminescence, transparency, and a superhydrophobic macroscopic surface. The materials were used to examine the photoluminescence response toward low concentrations of 3-nitrotoluene (270 μM), demonstrating their potential as a sensing platform for high-energy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tapas K Purkait
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | | | - Konstantinos N Raftopoulos
- Physik Weicher Materie , Technische Universität München , James-Frank-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany
| | | | | | - Maryam Aghajamali
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | | | | | | | - Christine M Papadakis
- Physik Weicher Materie , Technische Universität München , James-Frank-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
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8
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Cheng X, McVey BFP, Robinson AB, Longatte G, O'Mara PB, Tan VTG, Thordarson P, Tilley RD, Gaus K, Justin Gooding J. Protease sensing using nontoxic silicon quantum dots. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-7. [PMID: 28836415 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.8.087002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein is presented a proof-of-concept study of protease sensing that combines nontoxic silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The SiQDs serve as the donor and an organic dye as the acceptor. The dye is covalently attached to the SiQDs using a peptide linker. Enzymatic cleavage of the peptide leads to changes in FRET efficiency. The combination of interfacial design and optical imaging presented in this work opens opportunities for use of nontoxic SiQDs relevant to intracellular sensing and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cheng
- University of New South Wales, School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre o, Australia
- University of New South Wales, EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sci, Australia
| | - Benjamin F P McVey
- University of New South Wales, School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre o, Australia
| | - Andrew B Robinson
- University of New South Wales, School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre o, Australia
| | - Guillaume Longatte
- University of New South Wales, School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre o, Australia
| | - Peter B O'Mara
- University of New South Wales, School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre o, Australia
| | - Vincent T G Tan
- University of New South Wales, School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre o, Australia
| | - Pall Thordarson
- University of New South Wales, School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre o, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- University of New South Wales, School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre o, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- University of New South Wales, EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sci, Australia
| | - John Justin Gooding
- University of New South Wales, School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre o, Australia
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9
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Kehrle J, Kaiser S, Purkait TK, Winnacker M, Helbich T, Vagin S, Veinot JGC, Rieger B. In situ IR-spectroscopy as a tool for monitoring the radical hydrosilylation process on silicon nanocrystal surfaces. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8489-8495. [PMID: 28604898 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02265d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Among a variety of SiNC functionalization methods, radical initiated grafting is very promising due to its straightforward nature and low propensity to form surface oligomers. In the present study, we employed in situ IR spectroscopy in combination with visible light transmittance measurements to investigate the radical induced grafting process on the well-defined SiNCs. Our findings support the proposed model: unfunctionalized hydride-terminated SiNCs form agglomerates in organic solvents, which break up during the grafting process. However, clearing of the dispersion is not a valid indicator for complete surface functionalization. Furthermore, radical-initiated grafting reactions in which azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) is the initiator are strongly influenced by external factors including initiator concentration, grafting temperature, as well as substrate steric demand. The monomer concentration was proven to have a low impact on the grafting process. Based on these new insights an underlying mechanism could be discussed, offering an unprecedented view on the functionalization of SiNC surfaces via radical initiated hydrosilylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kehrle
- Catalysis Research Center/WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany.
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10
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Recent advances in optical properties and applications of colloidal quantum dots under two-photon excitation. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Mobarok MH, Purkait TK, Islam MA, Miskolzie M, Veinot JGC. Instantaneous Functionalization of Chemically Etched Silicon Nanocrystal Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:6073-6077. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Hosnay Mobarok
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Tapas K. Purkait
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Muhammad Amirul Islam
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Mark Miskolzie
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Jonathan G. C. Veinot
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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12
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Mobarok MH, Purkait TK, Islam MA, Miskolzie M, Veinot JGC. Instantaneous Functionalization of Chemically Etched Silicon Nanocrystal Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Hosnay Mobarok
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Tapas K. Purkait
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Muhammad Amirul Islam
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Mark Miskolzie
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Jonathan G. C. Veinot
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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13
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Purkait TK, Iqbal M, Islam MA, Mobarok MH, Gonzalez CM, Hadidi L, Veinot JGC. Alkoxy-Terminated Si Surfaces: A New Reactive Platform for the Functionalization and Derivatization of Silicon Quantum Dots. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7114-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas K. Purkait
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | | | - Md Hosnay Mobarok
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | | | - Lida Hadidi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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14
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Abstract
Semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots (QDs), are candidates for biological sensing, photovoltaics, and catalysis due to their unique photophysical properties. The most studied QDs are composed of heavy metals like cadmium and lead. However, this engenders concerns over heavy metal toxicity. To address this issue, numerous studies have explored the development of nontoxic (or more accurately less toxic) quantum dots. In this Review, we select three major classes of nontoxic quantum dots composed of carbon, silicon and Group I-III-VI elements and discuss the myriad of synthetic strategies and surface modification methods to synthesize quantum dots composed of these material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adita Das
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St. Rm. 4500, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Preston T Snee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St. Rm. 4500, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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15
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Lee SJ, Kim TW, Song JH, Lee ME. Synthesis and Characterization of Si1−xGex(0 ≤x< 1) Nanoparticles Using Inverse Micelle Surfactants. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Medical Chemistry; Yonsei University; Wonju 220-710 Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Medical Chemistry; Yonsei University; Wonju 220-710 Korea
| | - Jun Hyun Song
- Department of Chemistry & Medical Chemistry; Yonsei University; Wonju 220-710 Korea
| | - Myong Euy Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Medical Chemistry; Yonsei University; Wonju 220-710 Korea
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16
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Dasog M, Kehrle J, Rieger B, Veinot JGC. Silicon Nanocrystals and Silicon-Polymer Hybrids: Synthesis, Surface Engineering, and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:2322-39. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mita Dasog
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; 1200 East California Boulevard Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Julian Kehrle
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Jonathan G. C. Veinot
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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17
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Dasog M, Kehrle J, Rieger B, Veinot JGC. Silicium-Nanokristalle und Silicium-Polymer-Hybridmaterialien: Synthese, Oberflächenmodifikation und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mita Dasog
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; 1200 East California Boulevard Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Julian Kehrle
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Jonathan G. C. Veinot
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
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18
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Yang Z, Gonzalez CM, Purkait TK, Iqbal M, Meldrum A, Veinot JGC. Radical Initiated Hydrosilylation on Silicon Nanocrystal Surfaces: An Evaluation of Functional Group Tolerance and Mechanistic Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10540-10548. [PMID: 26351966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrosilylation is among the most common methods used for modifying silicon surface chemistry. It provides a wide range of surface functionalities and effective passivation of surface sites. Herein, we report a systematic study of radical initiated hydrosilylation of silicon nanocrystal (SiNC) surfaces using two common radical initiators (i.e., 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) and benzoyl peroxide). Compared to other widely applied hydrosilylation methods (e.g., thermal, photochemical, and catalytic), the radical initiator based approach is particle size independent, requires comparatively low reaction temperatures, and yields monolayer surface passivation after short reaction times. The effects of differing functional groups (i.e., alkene, alkyne, carboxylic acid, and ester) on the radical initiated hydrosilylation are also explored. The results indicate functionalization occurs and results in the formation of monolayer passivated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christina M Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tapas K Purkait
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Al Meldrum
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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19
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Sangghaleh F, Sychugov I, Yang Z, Veinot JGC, Linnros J. Near-Unity Internal Quantum Efficiency of Luminescent Silicon Nanocrystals with Ligand Passivation. ACS NANO 2015; 9:7097-104. [PMID: 26083194 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Spectrally resolved photoluminescence (PL) decays were measured for samples of colloidal, ligand-passivated silicon nanocrystals. These samples have PL emission energies with peak positions in the range ∼1.4-1.8 eV and quantum yields of ∼30-70%. Their ensemble PL decays are characterized by a stretched-exponential decay with a dispersion factor of ∼0.8, which changes to an almost monoexponential character at fixed detection energies. The dispersion factors and decay rates for various detection energies were extracted from spectrally resolved curves using a mathematical approach that excluded the effect of homogeneous line width broadening. Since nonradiative recombination would introduce a random lifetime variation, leading to a stretched-exponential decay for an ensemble, we conclude that the observed monoexponential decay in size-selected ensembles signifies negligible nonradiative transitions of a similar strength to the radiative one. This conjecture is further supported as extracted decay rates agree with radiative rates reported in the literature, suggesting 100% internal quantum efficiency over a broad range of emission wavelengths. The apparent differences in the quantum yields can then be explained by a varying fraction of "dark" or blinking nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sangghaleh
- †Materials and Nano Physics Department, ICT School, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 16440 Kista, Sweden
| | - Ilya Sychugov
- †Materials and Nano Physics Department, ICT School, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 16440 Kista, Sweden
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jan Linnros
- †Materials and Nano Physics Department, ICT School, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 16440 Kista, Sweden
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Abstract
Luminescent silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) have attracted tremendous research interest. Their size dependent photoluminescence (PL) shows great promise in various optoelectronic and biomedical applications and devices. However, it remains unclear why the exciton emission is limited to energy below 2.1 eV, no matter how small the nanocrystal is. Here we interpret a nanosecond transient yellow emission band at 590 nm (2.1 eV) as a critical limit of the wavelength tunability in colloidal silicon nanocrystals. In the “large size” regime (d > ~3 nm), quantum confinement dominantly determines the PL wavelength and thus the PL peak blue shifts upon decreasing the Si NC size. In the “small size” regime (d < ~2 nm) the effect of the yellow band overwhelms the effect of quantum confinement with distinctly increased nonradiative trapping. As a consequence, the photoluminescence peak does not exhibit any additional blue shift and the quantum yield drops abruptly with further decreasing the size of the Si NCs. This finding confirms that the PL originating from the quantum confined core states can only exist in the red/near infrared with energy below 2.1 eV; while the blue/green PL originates from surface related states and exhibits nanosecond transition.
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21
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Lee SJ, Kim TW, Cho HM, Yoon S, Ryou J, Lee ME. Effect of Surfactant Concentration on the Size of One-Pot Synthesized Si Nanoparticles. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Research & Education Center for Advanced Silicon Materials; Yonsei University; Wonju 220-710 Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Research & Education Center for Advanced Silicon Materials; Yonsei University; Wonju 220-710 Korea
| | - Hyeon Mo Cho
- University College; Yonsei University; Incheon 406-840 Korea
| | - Sangwoong Yoon
- Youngchang Chemical Co., LTD; Seongnam-myeon 719-831 Korea
| | - Joonsung Ryou
- Advanced Technology R&D Center, SKC; Suwon 440-301 Korea
| | - Myong Euy Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Research & Education Center for Advanced Silicon Materials; Yonsei University; Wonju 220-710 Korea
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22
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Yu Y, Rowland CE, Schaller RD, Korgel BA. Synthesis and Ligand Exchange of Thiol-Capped Silicon Nanocrystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6886-6893. [PMID: 26024323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydride-terminated silicon (Si) nanocrystals were capped with dodecanethiol by a thermally promoted thiolation reaction. Under an inert atmosphere, the thiol-capped nanocrystals exhibit photoluminescence (PL) properties similar to those of alkene-capped Si nanocrystals, including size-tunable emission wavelength, relatively high quantum yields (>10%), and long radiative lifetimes (26-280 μs). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed that the ligands attach to the nanocrystal surface via covalent Si-S bonds. The thiol-capping layer, however, readily undergoes hydrolysis and severe degradation in the presence of moisture. Dodecanethiol could be exchanged with dodecene by hydrosilylation for enhanced stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Yu
- †McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, and Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1062, United States
| | - Clare E Rowland
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- §Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- §Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Brian A Korgel
- †McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, and Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1062, United States
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23
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Zhou T, Anderson RT, Li H, Bell J, Yang Y, Gorman BP, Pylypenko S, Lusk MT, Sellinger A. Bandgap Tuning of Silicon Quantum Dots by Surface Functionalization with Conjugated Organic Groups. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:3657-3663. [PMID: 25971956 DOI: 10.1021/nl504051x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The quantum confinement and enhanced optical properties of silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) make them attractive as an inexpensive and nontoxic material for a variety of applications such as light emitting technologies (lighting, displays, sensors) and photovoltaics. However, experimental demonstration of these properties and practical application into optoelectronic devices have been limited as SiQDs are generally passivated with covalently bound insulating alkyl chains that limit charge transport. In this work, we show that strategically designed triphenylamine-based surface ligands covalently bonded to the SiQD surface using conjugated vinyl connectivity results in a 70 nm red-shifted photoluminescence relative to their decyl-capped control counterparts. This suggests that electron density from the SiQD is delocalized into the surface ligands to effectively create a larger hybrid QD with possible macroscopic charge transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlei Zhou
- †Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, ‡Department of Physics, §Materials Science Program, ∥Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ryan T Anderson
- †Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, ‡Department of Physics, §Materials Science Program, ∥Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Huashan Li
- †Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, ‡Department of Physics, §Materials Science Program, ∥Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jacob Bell
- †Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, ‡Department of Physics, §Materials Science Program, ∥Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Yongan Yang
- †Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, ‡Department of Physics, §Materials Science Program, ∥Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Brian P Gorman
- †Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, ‡Department of Physics, §Materials Science Program, ∥Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Svitlana Pylypenko
- †Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, ‡Department of Physics, §Materials Science Program, ∥Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Mark T Lusk
- †Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, ‡Department of Physics, §Materials Science Program, ∥Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alan Sellinger
- †Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, ‡Department of Physics, §Materials Science Program, ∥Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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24
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Purkait TK, Iqbal M, Wahl MH, Gottschling K, Gonzalez CM, Islam MA, Veinot JGC. Borane-Catalyzed Room-Temperature Hydrosilylation of Alkenes/Alkynes on Silicon Nanocrystal Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17914-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja510120e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas K. Purkait
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Maike H. Wahl
- Department
of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße
4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kerstin Gottschling
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße
5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Christina M. Gonzalez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Muhammad Amirul Islam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Jonathan G. C. Veinot
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G2
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25
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Qian C, Sun W, Wang L, Chen C, Liao K, Wang W, Jia J, Hatton BD, Casillas G, Kurylowicz M, Yip CM, Mastronardi ML, Ozin GA. Non-wettable, Oxidation-Stable, Brightly Luminescent, Perfluorodecyl-Capped Silicon Nanocrystal Film. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15849-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5081037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Qian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Wei Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Tianjin
Key Lab of Metal and Molecule-based Material Chemistry, Department
of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Changlong Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China
| | - Kristine Liao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Wendong Wang
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jia Jia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Benjamin D. Hatton
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Gilberto Casillas
- Electron
Microscopy Centre, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Marty Kurylowicz
- Department
of Biochemistry, and Terrence
Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Christopher M. Yip
- Department
of Biochemistry, and Terrence
Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | | | - Geoffrey A. Ozin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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26
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Yang Z, Wahl MH, Veinot JG. Size-independent organosilane functionalization of silicon nanocrystals using Wilkinson’s catalyst. CAN J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A low-temperature size-independent method for modifying the surface chemistry of the silicon nanocrystal (SiNC) surface is reported. Wilkinson’s catalyst has been applied to accelerate the dehydrogenative coupling reaction between organosilane molecules and hydride-terminated SiNCs. Two strategies and multiple organosilanes were evaluated to study surface modification efficiency. During the investigations, it was determined that surface functionalization efficiency showed some dependence upon the organic modifier in question. The comparatively low reactivity of octadecyldimethyl silanes may result from the formation of “Si–Rh–Si” intermediates hindered by the steric bulk of the silanes when reacted with activated SiNCs. Quenching of the SiNC-based photoluminescence is observed and the origin of this phenomenon has been attributed to the present of trace rhodium on SiNCs detected using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Maike H. Wahl
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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27
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Kehrle J, Höhlein IMD, Yang Z, Jochem AR, Helbich T, Kraus T, Veinot JGC, Rieger B. Thermoresponsive and Photoluminescent Hybrid Silicon Nanoparticles by Surface-Initiated Group Transfer Polymerization of Diethyl Vinylphosphonate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12494-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Kehrle J, Höhlein IMD, Yang Z, Jochem AR, Helbich T, Kraus T, Veinot JGC, Rieger B. Thermoresponsive and Photoluminescent Hybrid Silicon Nanoparticles by Surface-Initiated Group Transfer Polymerization of Diethyl Vinylphosphonate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Liu X, Cheng H, Zhao T, Zhang C. Facile routes of manufacturing silicon quantum dots on a silicon wafer and their surface activation by esters of N-hydroxysuccinimide. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 426:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Cheng X, Lowe SB, Ciampi S, Magenau A, Gaus K, Reece PJ, Gooding JJ. Versatile "click chemistry" approach to functionalizing silicon quantum dots: applications toward fluorescent cellular imaging. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5209-5216. [PMID: 24716818 DOI: 10.1021/la500945f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a solution procedure for the preparation and surface modification of photostable colloidal silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) for imaging of cancer cells. Photoluminescent SiQDs were synthesized by reduction of halogenated silane precursors using a microemulsion process. It was shown that 1,8-nonadiyne molecules could be grafted onto the surface of hydrogen-terminated SiQDs via ultraviolet (UV)-promoted hydrosilylation, demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. In addition, various azide molecules were coupled onto nonadiyne-functionalized particles, rendering particles dispersible in selected polar and nonpolar solvents. The photoluminescence of functionalized SiQDs was stable against photobleaching and did not vary appreciably within biologically applicable pH and temperature ranges. To demonstrate compatibility with biological systems, water-soluble SiQDs were used for fluorescent imaging of HeLa cells. In addition, the SiQDs were shown to be non-cytotoxic at concentrations up to 240 μg/mL. The results presented herein provide good evidence for the versatility of functionalized SiQDs for fluorescent bioimaging application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cheng
- School of Chemistry, ‡Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ∥Centre for Vascular Research, and #School of Physics, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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31
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Zhang J, Yu SH. Highly photoluminescent silicon nanocrystals for rapid, label-free and recyclable detection of mercuric ions. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:4096-101. [PMID: 24604008 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05896d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal treatment of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) in the presence of sodium citrate generates a suspension of highly fluorescent silicon nanocrystals that fluoresces blue under UV irradiation. The photoluminescent quantum yield of the as-prepared silicon nanocrystals was calculated to be 21.6%, with quinine sulfate as the standard reference. Only mercuric ions (Hg(2+)) can readily prevent the fluorescence of the silicon nanocrystals, indicating a remarkably high selectivity towards Hg(2+) over other metal ions. The optimized sensor system shows a sensitive detection range from 50 nM to 1 μM and a detection limit of 50 nM. The quenching mechanism was explained in terms of optical absorption spectra and time-resolved fluorescence decay spectra. Due to the strong interaction of Hg(2+) with the thiol group, the fluorescence can be fully recovered by biothiols such as cysteine and glutathione, therefore, a regenerative strategy has been proposed and successfully applied to detect Hg(2+) by the same sensor for at least five cycles. Endowed with relatively high sensitivity and selectivity, the present sensor holds the potential to be applied for mercuric assay in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China.
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32
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Ghosh B, Shirahata N. Colloidal silicon quantum dots: synthesis and luminescence tuning from the near-UV to the near-IR range. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2014; 15:014207. [PMID: 27877634 PMCID: PMC5090595 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/15/1/014207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This review describes a series of representative synthesis processes, which have been developed in the last two decades to prepare silicon quantum dots (QDs). The methods include both top-down and bottom-up approaches, and their methodological advantages and disadvantages are presented. Considerable efforts in surface functionalization of QDs have categorized it into (i) a two-step process and (ii) in situ surface derivatization. Photophysical properties of QDs are summarized to highlight the continuous tuning of photoluminescence color from the near-UV through visible to the near-IR range. The emission features strongly depend on the silicon nanostructures including QD surface configurations. Possible mechanisms of photoluminescence have been summarized to ascertain the future challenges toward industrial use of silicon-based light emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batu Ghosh
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Naoto Shirahata
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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33
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Cheng X, Lowe SB, Reece PJ, Gooding JJ. Colloidal silicon quantum dots: from preparation to the modification of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for bio-applications. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2680-700. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Summarizes recent advances in the preparation, surface modification and bio-applications of silicon quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cheng
- School of Chemistry
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine
- The University of New South Wales
| | - Stuart B. Lowe
- School of Chemistry
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine
- The University of New South Wales
| | - Peter J. Reece
- School of Physics
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine
- The University of New South Wales
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34
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Zhai Y, Dasog M, Snitynsky RB, Purkait TK, Aghajamali M, Hahn AH, Sturdy CB, Lowary TL, Veinot JGC. Water-soluble photoluminescent d-mannose and l-alanine functionalized silicon nanocrystals and their application to cancer cell imaging. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:8427-8433. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mannose and alanine functionalized SiNPs have been synthesized, and these particles were evaluated as luminescent agents for imaging MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhai
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mita Dasog
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ryan B. Snitynsky
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta Glycomics Centre
- University of Alberta
| | | | | | - Allison H. Hahn
- Department of Psychology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Christopher B. Sturdy
- Department of Psychology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience
- University of Alberta
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta Glycomics Centre
- University of Alberta
| | - Jonathan G. C. Veinot
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
- NRC-National Institute for Nanotechnology
- Edmonton, Canada
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35
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Dasog M, Yang Z, Regli S, Atkins TM, Faramus A, Singh MP, Muthuswamy E, Kauzlarich SM, Tilley RD, Veinot JGC. Chemical insight into the origin of red and blue photoluminescence arising from freestanding silicon nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2013; 7:2676-85. [PMID: 23394574 PMCID: PMC3631599 DOI: 10.1021/nn4000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) are attractive functional materials. They are compatible with standard electronics and communications platforms and are biocompatible. Numerous methods have been developed to realize size-controlled Si NC synthesis. While these procedures produce Si NCs that appear identical, their optical responses can differ dramatically. Si NCs prepared using high-temperature methods routinely exhibit photoluminescence agreeing with the effective mass approximation (EMA), while those prepared via solution methods exhibit blue emission that is somewhat independent of particle size. Despite many proposals, a definitive explanation for this difference has been elusive for no less than a decade. This apparent dichotomy brings into question our understanding of Si NC properties and potentially limits the scope of their application. The present contribution takes a substantial step forward toward identifying the origin of the blue emission that is not expected based upon EMA predictions. It describes a detailed comparison of Si NCs obtained from three of the most widely cited procedures as well as the conversion of red-emitting Si NCs to blue emitters upon exposure to nitrogen-containing reagents. Analysis of the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that the presence of trace nitrogen and oxygen even at the parts per million level in Si NCs gives rise to the blue emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mita Dasog
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Sarah Regli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tonya M. Atkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Angelique Faramus
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Mani P. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Elayaraja Muthuswamy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Susan M. Kauzlarich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Richard D. Tilley
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan G. C. Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- NRC-National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M9, Canada
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36
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Wang R, Pi X, Yang D. Surface modification of chlorine-passivated silicon nanocrystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:1815-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43763e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Xu Z, Wang D, Guan M, Liu X, Yang Y, Wei D, Zhao C, Zhang H. Photoluminescent silicon nanocrystal-based multifunctional carrier for pH-regulated drug delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:3424-3431. [PMID: 22758606 DOI: 10.1021/am300877v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A core-shell structured multifunctional carrier with nanocrystalline silicon (ncSi) as the core and a water-soluble block copolymer as the shell based on a poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) inner shell and polyethylene glycol (MPEG) outer shell (ncSi-MPM) was synthesized for drug delivery. The morphology, composition, and properties of the resulting ncSi-MPM were determined by comprehensive multianalytical characterization, including (1)H NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, XPS spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, and fluorescence spectroscopy analyses. The size of the resulting ncSi-MPM nanocarriers ranged from 40 to 110 nm under a simulated physiological environment. The loading efficiency of model drug doxorubicin (DOX) was approximately 6.1-7.4 wt % for ncSi-MPM and the drug release was pH controlled. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that DOX-loaded ncSi-MPM showed high anticancer activity against Hela cells. Hemolysis percentages (<2%) of ncSi-MPM were within the scope of safe values. Fluorescent imaging studies showed that the nanocarriers could be used as a tracker at the cellular level. Integration of the above functional components may result in ncSi-MPM becoming a promising multifunctional carrier for drug delivery and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, §School of Basic Medical Science, ⊥School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
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38
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Dai D, Zhang N, Zhang W, Fan J. Highly bright tunable blue-violet photoluminescence in SiC nanocrystal-sodium dodecyl sulfonate crosslinked network. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3044-3046. [PMID: 22531866 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30626c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report strong photoluminescence in an ultra-small surface oxidized SiC quantum dot-sodium dodecyl sulfonate crosslinked network. The peak emission wavelength is tunable spanning a wide blue-violet spectral region showing clear quantum confinement effects. The photoluminescence decay exhibits triple recombination dynamics with an average lifetime of 13.65 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejian Dai
- Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
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39
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Bywalez R, Karacuban H, Nienhaus H, Schulz C, Wiggers H. Stabilization of mid-sized silicon nanoparticles by functionalization with acrylic acid. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:76. [PMID: 22248382 PMCID: PMC3312836 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present an enhanced method to form stable dispersions of medium-sized silicon nanoparticles for solar cell applications by thermally induced grafting of acrylic acid to the nanoparticle surface. In order to confirm their covalent attachment on the silicon nanoparticles and to assess the quality of the functionalization, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier spectroscopy measurements were carried out. The stability of the dispersion was elucidated by dynamic light scattering and Zeta-potential measurements, showing no sign of degradation for months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bywalez
- IVG, Institute for Combustion and Gasdynamics, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, 47048, Germany
| | - Hatice Karacuban
- Faculty of Physics, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, 47048, Germany
| | - Hermann Nienhaus
- Faculty of Physics, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, 47048, Germany
- CeNIDE, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, 47048, Germany
| | - Christof Schulz
- IVG, Institute for Combustion and Gasdynamics, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, 47048, Germany
- CeNIDE, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, 47048, Germany
| | - Hartmut Wiggers
- IVG, Institute for Combustion and Gasdynamics, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, 47048, Germany
- CeNIDE, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, 47048, Germany
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Cheng X, Gondosiswanto R, Ciampi S, Reece PJ, Gooding JJ. One-pot synthesis of colloidal silicon quantum dots and surface functionalization via thiol–ene click chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11874-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35954e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Huck LA, Buriak JM. Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of Exciton-Mediated Hydrosilylation on Nanocrystalline Silicon. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:489-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ja208604r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A. Huck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, and National Research Council Canada, National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jillian M. Buriak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, and National Research Council Canada, National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
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42
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Wang X, Koleilat GI, Fischer A, Tang J, Debnath R, Levina L, Sargent EH. Enhanced open-circuit voltage in visible quantum dot photovoltaics by engineering of carrier-collecting electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:3792-5. [PMID: 21936534 DOI: 10.1021/am201097p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) enable multijunction solar cells using a single material programmed using the quantum size effect. Here we report the systematic engineering of 1.6 eV PbS CQD solar cells, optimal as the front cell responsible for visible-wavelength harvesting in tandem photovoltaics. We rationally optimize each of the device's collecting electrodes-the heterointerface with electron-accepting TiO(2) and the deep-work-function hole-collecting MoO(3) for ohmic contact-for maximum efficiency. We report an open-circuit voltage of 0.70 V, the highest observed in a colloidal quantum dot solar cell operating at room temperature. We report an AM1.5 solar power conversion efficiency of 3.5%, the highest observed in >1.5 eV bandgap CQD PV device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihua Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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