1
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Camerel F, Jeannin O, Lagrost C. Improved Bipolar Properties of Ester-Functionalized Discotic Diimine-Dithiolene Complexes. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300675. [PMID: 37867388 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of platinum diimine-dithiolene complexes with a 5,6-dihydro-1,4-dithiin-2,3-dithiolato (dddt2- ) dithiolene ligand and a bipyridine carrying tris-alkoxyphenyl fragments connected through an ester linker (bpyCn, n=8, 12, 16, 10(s), 20) (Scheme 1) has been developed. The mesomorphic properties of the ligands and of the platinum complexes have been investigated by a combination of DSC, POM and SAXS analyses. The platinum complexes were found to self-organize into columnar mesophases of hexagonal symmetry over large temperature range including room temperature. Their electronic properties were also characterized by a combination of electrochemistry, absorption and emission spectroscopy measurements and TD-DFT calculations. Besides being liquid crystalline, these compounds can undergo two oxidation processes and two reduction processes in a fully reversible manner, allowing the isolation of stable dicationic and dianionic species. Such a behavior is highly promising for the development of ambipolar semiconducting soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Camerel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR -, UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
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2
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Abstract
With the advent of a new era of smart-technology, the demand for more economic optoelectronic materials that do not compromise with efficiency is gradually on the rise. Organic semiconductors provide greener alternatives to the conventional inorganic ones, but encounter the challenge of balancing charge carrier mobility with processability in devices. Discotic liquid crystals (DLCs), a class of self-assembling soft organic materials, possess the perfect degree of order and dynamics to address this challenge. Providing unidimensional charge carrier pathways through their nanoscale columnar architecture, DLCs can behave as efficient charge transport systems across a wide range of optoelectronic devices. Moreover, DLCs are solution-processable, thus reducing the fabrication cost. In this article, we have discussed the approaches towards developing DLCs as semiconductors, focusing on their molecular design concepts, supramolecular structures and electronic properties in the context of their charge carrier mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritobrata De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
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3
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Zhao F, He D, Zou C, Li Y, Wang K, Zhang J, Yang S, Tu Y, Wang C, Lin Y. Fullerene-Liquid-Crystal-Induced Micrometer-Scale Charge-Carrier Diffusion in Organic Bulk Heterojunction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210463. [PMID: 36546408 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The short charge-carrier diffusion length (LD ) (100-300 nm) in organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) impedes the further improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs), especially for thick-film (>400 nm) devices matching with industrial solution processing. Here a facile method is developed to efficiently increase LD and then improve PCEs of OSCs via introducing a fullerene liquid crystal, F1, into the active layer. F1 combines the inherent high electron mobility of fullerene and strong self-assembly capacity of liquid crystal, providing a fast channel for charge-carrier transport and reducing energetic disorder and trap density in BHJ film via enhancing crystallization. Typically, in PM6:Y6:F1 BHJ, the enhanced charge-carrier mobility (>10-2 cm-2 V-1 s-1 ) and prolonged charge-carrier lifetime (55.3 µs) are acquired to realize the record LD of 1.6 or 2.4 µm for electron or hole, respectively, which are much higher than those of the PM6:Y6 binary sample and comparable to or even better than those values reported for some inorganic/hybrid materials, such as CuInx Ga(1- x ) Se2 (CIGS) and perovskite thin films. Benefitting from the micrometer-scale LD , the PM6:Y6:F1 ternary OSCs sustain a remarkable PCE of 15.23% with the active layer thickness approaching 500 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dan He
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Can Zou
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201100, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201100, P. R. China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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4
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Vadivel M, Singh S, Singh DP, Raghunathan VA, Kumar S. Ambipolar Charge Transport Properties of Naphthophenanthridine Discotic Liquid Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10364-10372. [PMID: 34482689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel naphthophenanthridine derivatives are synthesized via N-annulation of hexabutoxytriphenylene-1-amine with various aliphatic aldehydes through the Pictet-Spengler reaction. The synthesized derivatives have been found to self-assemble into a columnar hexagonal mesophase over a wide temperature range, as validated through polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction experiments. The photophysical properties of these compounds were studied using UV-visible and emission spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds exhibit ambipolar charge transport, showing temperature-independent electron and hole mobility on the order of 3 × 10-4 cm2/V s, as evaluated by the time-of-flight technique. These novel N-annulated derivatives can be of immense potential toward semiconducting applications of self-assembling supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marichandran Vadivel
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C.V.Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560080, India
| | - Shikha Singh
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C.V.Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560080, India
| | - Dharmendra Pratap Singh
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4476, UDSMM, Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, Calais F-62228, France
| | - V A Raghunathan
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C.V.Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560080, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C.V.Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560080, India.,Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology (NMIT), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
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5
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Teixeira R, Serra VV, Botequim D, Paulo PMR, Andrade SM, Costa SMB. Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines: Some Insights into Supramolecular Self-Assembly, Microencapsulation, and Imaging Microscopy. Molecules 2021; 26:4264. [PMID: 34299539 PMCID: PMC8306603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular interactions of anionic tetrasulfonate phenyl porphyrin (TPPS) with poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 2.0 and 4.0 (G2 and G4, respectively) forming H- or J-aggregates, as well as with human and bovine serum albumin proteins (HSA and BSA), were reviewed in the context of self-assembly molecular complementarity. The spectroscopic studies were extended to the association of aluminum phthtalocyanine (AlPCS4) detected with a PAMAM G4 dendrimer with fluorescence studies in both steady state and dynamic state, as well as due to the fluorescence quenching associated to electron-transfer with a distribution of lifetimes. The functionalization of TPPS with peripheral substituents enables the assignment of spontaneous pH-induced aggregates with different and well-defined morphologies. Other work reported in the literature, in particular with soft self-assembly materials, fall in the same area with particular interest for the environment. The microencapsulation of TPPS studies into polyelectrolyte capsules was developed quite recently and aroused much interest, which is well supported and complemented by the extensive data reported on the Imaging Microscopy section of the Luminescence of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines included in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Teixeira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanda Vaz Serra
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Botequim
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro M R Paulo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Suzana M Andrade
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia M B Costa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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6
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Madhu M, Ramakrishnan R, Vijay V, Hariharan M. Free Charge Carriers in Homo-Sorted π-Stacks of Donor-Acceptor Conjugates. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8234-8284. [PMID: 34133137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the high photoconversion efficiency observed in natural light-harvesting systems, the hierarchical organization of molecular building blocks has gained impetus in the past few decades. Particularly, the molecular arrangement and packing in the active layer of organic solar cells (OSCs) have garnered significant attention due to the decisive role of the nature of donor/acceptor (D/A) heterojunctions in charge carrier generation and ultimately the power conversion efficiency. This review focuses on the recent developments in emergent optoelectronic properties exhibited by self-sorted donor-on-donor/acceptor-on-acceptor arrangement of covalently linked D-A systems, highlighting the ultrafast excited state dynamics of charge transfer and transport. Segregated organization of donors and acceptors promotes the delocalization of photoinduced charges among the stacks, engendering an enhanced charge separation lifetime and percolation pathways with ambipolar conductivity and charge carrier yield. Covalently linking donors and acceptors ensure a sufficient D-A interface and interchromophoric electronic coupling as required for faster charge separation while providing better control over their supramolecular assemblies. The design strategies to attain D-A conjugate assemblies with optimal charge carrier generation efficiency, the scope of their application compared to state-of-the-art OSCs, current challenges, and future opportunities are discussed in the review. An integrated overview of rational design approaches derived from the comprehension of underlying photoinduced processes can pave the way toward superior optoelectronic devices and bring in new possibilities to the avenue of functional supramolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Madhu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Remya Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Vishnu Vijay
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
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7
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Suzuki-Ichihara A, Sugibayashi-Kajita M, Ariyoshi M, Yasutake M, Ohta K. Discotic liquid crystals of transition metal complexes 58 : Novel phthalocyanine-based mesogenic monomers and polymers exhibiting spontaneous homeotropic alignment and helical tetragonal columnar structure. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two synthetizations of a novel series of phthalocyanine-based discotic liquid crystals substituted by a polymerizable group, acryloyl group or a norbornene group: 2-(12-acryloyloxydodecyloxy)-3-methoxy-9,10,16,17,23,24-hexakis (3,4-dialkoxyphenoxy)phthalocyaninato copper(II) [abbreviated as (n,12)PcCu(OCH[Formula: see text])(Acryloyl) (7: e ([Formula: see text] = 10), f ([Formula: see text] = 12), g ([Formula: see text] = 14))] and 2-(12-norborn-2-ene carbonyloxydodecyloxy)-3-methoxy-9,10,16,17,23,24-hexakis(3,4-dialkoxyphenoxy)-phthalocyaninato copper(II): [abbreviated as (n, 12)PcCu(OCH[Formula: see text])(Norb) (9e, f, g)]. Their liquid crystalline properties and homeotropic alignment were investigated using a polarizing microscope, a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and a temperature-variable X-ray diffractometer. As a result, each of the derivatives gave a Col[Formula: see text] mesophase in the higher temperature region, displaying perfect homeotropic alignment between the two glass plates. In order to obtain the thin film while keeping their homeotropic alignment at room temperature, attempts to polymerize the monomers, 7 and 9, in the Col[Formula: see text] phase showed homeotropic alignment. The polymerization of the acryloyl-substituted monomers (7) was not successful in any of the methods, whereas the polymerization of norbornene-substituted monomers (9) was quite successful by ring-opening metathesis polymerization with a Grubbs catalyst to obtain the novel polymers, poly-(n, 12)PcCu(OCH[Formula: see text])(Norb) (10e, f, g). Each of the polymers (10) were found to show a perfect homeotropic alignment from room temperature to ca. 200[Formula: see text]C of the decomposition temperature. Moreover, it was also revealed from temperature-variable small-angle X-ray diffraction studies that each of the polymers 10 showed a helical Col[Formula: see text] (helical tetragonal columnar) structure. The helical Col[Formula: see text] phase structure may be able for use in organic electroluminescent devices and solar cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Suzuki-Ichihara
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 1-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Makiko Sugibayashi-Kajita
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 1-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ariyoshi
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 1-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Mikio Yasutake
- Comprehensive Analysis Centre for Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kazuchika Ohta
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 1-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
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8
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Okada Y, Hoshi T, Kobayashi N. Recent Progress in Optically-Active Phthalocyanines and Their Related Azamacrocycles. Front Chem 2020; 8:595998. [PMID: 33195104 PMCID: PMC7604507 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.595998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optically-active phthalocyanines (Pcs) and related macrocycles reported in the 2010-2020 period are introduced in this review. They are grouped into several categories: (1) chiral binaphthyl-containing Pcs, (2) optically active alkyl chain-containing Pcs, (3) chiral axial ligand- coordinated or -linked Pcs, (4) chiral subphthalocyanines (SubPcs), and (5) related azamacrocycles. For each compound, the structure and important characteristics are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okada
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hoshi
- Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan
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9
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de Domingo E, Folcia CL, Ortega J, Etxebarria J, Termine R, Golemme A, Coco S, Espinet P. Striking Increase in Hole Mobility upon Metal Coordination to Triphenylene Schiff Base Semiconducting Multicolumnar Mesophases. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10482-10491. [PMID: 32649199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis, liquid-crystal behavior, and charge-transport properties in the mesophase of triphenylene Schiff bases and their copper(II), nickel(II), and oxovanadium(IV) complexes. The thermal and electronic properties of the Schiff bases are modulated by coordination to the corresponding metal moieties, which have the ability to self-assemble into linear structures and help the alignment of the triphenylene columns. This produces two kinds of electronically nonconnected columnar regions, one purely organic and one more inorganic. The most remarkable effect is a striking charge mobility enhancement in the metal-containing mesophases, due to the contribution of the more inorganic columns: in comparison to values of hole mobility along the columnar stacking for the purely organic columnar mesophases, on the order of 10-7 cm2 V-1 s-1, these values jump to 1-10 cm2 V-1 s-1 in these hybrid inorganic/organic columnar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela de Domingo
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - César L Folcia
- Condensed Matter Physics, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Josu Ortega
- Applied Physics II, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesús Etxebarria
- Condensed Matter Physics, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Roberto Termine
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM, CNR-Nanotec, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Attilio Golemme
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM, CNR-Nanotec, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Silverio Coco
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
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10
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Lehmann M, Dechant M, Weh D, Freytag E. Metal Phthalocyanine−Fullerene Dyads: Promising Lamellar Columnar Donor−Acceptor Liquid Crystal Phases. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1934-1938. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lehmann
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistryand Bavarian Polymer Institute Theodor-Boveri-Weg 4 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Moritz Dechant
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Dominik Weh
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Emely Freytag
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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11
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Bala I, De J, Gupta SP, Singh H, Pandey UK, Pal SK. High hole mobility in room temperature discotic liquid crystalline tetrathienoanthracenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5629-5632. [PMID: 32300763 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tetrathienoanthracene (TTA), a new discotic core fragment, is explored that shows a remarkably high hole mobility (μh) of 4.22 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature when used in space-charge limited current (SCLC) devices. Strong co-facial interactions (π-π, SS) among TTA cores along with a high tendency of the derivative to align homeotropically in the columnar mesophase over a large area in SCLC cells contributed to the top-class charge carrier mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Bala
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | - Joydip De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | | | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | - Upendra Kumar Pandey
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research (ICER), Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore, India and Present Address: Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, India.
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
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12
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Liu Z, Huang Z, Chen Y, Xu T, Yu H, Guo X, Yan L, Zhang M, Wong W, Wang X. Efficient Polymer Solar Cells Based on New Random Copolymers with Porphyrin‐Incorporated Side Chains. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Liu
- College of Chemistry and School of Physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Zhuohao Huang
- College of Chemistry and School of Physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Yuzhuo Chen
- College of Chemistry and School of Physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Chemistry and School of Physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Chemistry and School of Physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Xia Guo
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Lei Yan
- College of Chemistry and School of Physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Wai‐Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) Hung Hom Hong Kong P. R. China
- PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
| | - Xingzhu Wang
- College of Chemistry and School of Physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
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13
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De J, Bala I, Gupta SP, Pandey UK, Pal SK. High Hole Mobility and Efficient Ambipolar Charge Transport in Heterocoronene-Based Ordered Columnar Discotics. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18799-18805. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joydip De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Indu Bala
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | | | - Upendra Kumar Pandey
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research (ICER), Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
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14
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Camerel F, Albert G, Barrière F, Lagrost C, Fourmigué M, Jeannin O. Ambipolar Discotic Liquid Crystals Built Around Platinum Diimine-Dithiolene Cores. Chemistry 2019; 25:5719-5732. [PMID: 30667101 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Platinum diimine dithiolene complexes bearing mesogenic groups on one or both ligands have been prepared through an original ligand metathesis reaction to introduce the dithiolene ligand. The neutral diimine ligands, the intermediate platinum dichloride diimine complexes, and the target compounds were characterized by a combination of electronic (electrochemistry, absorption and emission spectroscopy, DFT calculations) and structural (SAXS, DSC) tools. Several novel liquid crystalline platinum diimine-dithiolene were identified over a large temperature range, and the systems were endowed with ambipolar properties, associated with the high reversibility of both oxidation and reduction processes.
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15
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Hügel M, Dechant M, Scheuring N, Ghosh T, Lehmann M. Fullerene‐Filled Stilbene Stars: The Balance between Isolated C60Helices and 3D Networks in Liquid‐Crystal Self‐Assemblies. Chemistry 2019; 25:3352-3361. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hügel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversity of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Moritz Dechant
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversity of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Nikolai Scheuring
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversity of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Tapas Ghosh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversity of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversity of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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16
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Lehmann M, Dechant M, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Lambert C. Fulleren-gefüllte Flüssigkristall-Sterne: Ein supramolekularer Klick-Mechanismus zur Bildung von maßgeschneiderten Donor-Akzeptor-Strukturen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lehmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Moritz Dechant
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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17
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Lehmann M, Dechant M, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Lambert C. Fullerene-Filled Liquid-Crystal Stars: A Supramolecular Click Mechanism for the Generation of Tailored Donor-Acceptor Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3610-3615. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lehmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Moritz Dechant
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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18
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Ishikawa K, Watarai A, Yasutake M, Ohta K. Discotic liquid crystals of transition metal complexes 56: Synthesis of mesogenic phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads and influence of the substitution position of alkoxy chains and the kind of terminal groups on appearance of the helical supramolecular structure. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461850092x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized twelve novel discotic columnar liquid crystals based on a phenoxy-group-substituted phthalocyaninato copper(II) complex having the same alkoxy chain of C[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]O at different positions in the phenoxy group: the parent compounds {0a~0c-16}and the OH-substituted compounds {3a~3c-16}, the OFBA-substituted compounds {2a~2c-16}and the C[Formula: see text]-substituted dyads {1a~1c-16}. The letters of a, b and c mean substitution positions of C[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]O group at [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. We have investigated the influence of both substitution position of the alkoxy chains and the kind of terminal groups (OH, OFBA and C[Formula: see text] on the mesomorphism and the helical supramolecular structure, by using DSC, POM and temperature-variable small angle X-ray diffraction measurements. As a result, an additional big peak (Peak H) tends to appear at around 2[Formula: see text] = 1.1[Formula: see text] in the X-ray diffraction patterns only for the dyads {1a~1c-16}but not for the other compounds, {0a~0c-16}, {3a~3c-16}and {2a~2c-16}, regardless of the substitution positions of the alkoxy group. Moreover, we revealed that both the m-substituted derivative 1a-16 and the m,p-substituted derivative 1c-16 gave Peak H, but that only the p-substituted derivative 1b-16 did not give Peak H among these three dyads {1a~1c-16}. From the temperature-variable small angle X-ray diffraction measurements for the m,p-substituted derivative 1c-16 using two different sample preparation methods, we proved that the Peak H originates from a helical pitch of fullerenes. We also pointed out that the m-substituted long alkoxy chains are at least needed to form the helical supramolecular structure in the present (PhO)[Formula: see text]PcM-C[Formula: see text]-based dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Ishikawa
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 1-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Ayumi Watarai
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 1-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Mikio Yasutake
- Comprehensive Analysis Center for Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kazuchika Ohta
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 1-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
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19
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Pandey RK, Pandey H, Nayak A. Electrochemical Charge Transfer Through the Supramolecular Discogen‐DNA Hybrid Multi‐layered Assembly. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K. Pandey
- Department of macromolecular science and EngineeringGlobal ExcellenceKyoto Institute of Technology, Address Sakyo-Ku, Matsugasaki Kyoto Japan 606-8585
| | - Himani Pandey
- Department of Life and Environment ScienceInstitution Tsukuba University
| | - Alpana Nayak
- Department of PhysicsInstitution Indian Institute of Technology PatnaAddress Indian Institute of Technology Patna Bihar India 801103
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20
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Miguel Coello AB, Bardají M, Coco S, Donnio B, Heinrich B, Espinet P. Triphenylene-Imidazolium Salts and Their NHC Metal Complexes, Materials with Segregated Multicolumnar Mesophases. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:4359-4369. [PMID: 29608287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two imidazolium salts containing one or two pentadodecyloxytriphenylene units linked through a hexyloxy chain and Br-, [AuBr mCl4- m]-, or [PtBr mCl4- m]2- ( m = 0-3) as counterion have been prepared. Reaction of the imidazolium bromides with M2O (M = Cu, Ag), or carbene transmetalation from the silver product, leads to N-heterocyclic carbene complexes [MX(NHC)] (M = Cu, X = Br; M = Au, X = Cl, C≡CPh), [Ag(NHC)2][AgBr2], and [PtCl2(NHC)2], with NHC bearing one or two triphenylene fragments. Except for the gold derivatives and one Cu complex, the rest of them behave as liquid crystals organized in columnar mesophases (rectangular c2 mm or p2mg or hexagonal p6mm symmetries) with melting points in the range 30 to 60 °C and clearing points in the range 57-112 °C. The mesophase structures were determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. Structural studies and models point to nanosegregation of triphenylene columns and imidazolium/metal carbene moieties, separated by alkoxy chains, leading to multicolumnar systems. The compounds display emission spectra related to the triphenylene core in solution, in the mesophase, in the isotropic liquid, and in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Miguel Coello
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valladolid , E-47071 Valladolid , Spain
| | - Manuel Bardají
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valladolid , E-47071 Valladolid , Spain
| | - Silverio Coco
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valladolid , E-47071 Valladolid , Spain
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) , UMR 7504 (CNRS-Université de Strasbourg) , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43 , 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) , UMR 7504 (CNRS-Université de Strasbourg) , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43 , 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valladolid , E-47071 Valladolid , Spain
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21
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Selvarajan S, Suganthi A, Rajarajan M. A simple sonochemical approach to fabricate a urea biosensor based on zinc phthalocyanine/graphene oxide/urease bioelectrode. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 42:183-192. [PMID: 29429660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel zinc phthalocyanine/graphene oxide (ZnPh/GO) nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared by using sonochemical approach and simple drop casting method. Urease (Urs) was used as the specific enzyme for urea detection and was physically immobilized onto the surface of ZnPh/GO nanocomposite. The fabricated ZnPh/GO/Urs matrix was successfully characterized by UV-vis-spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), raman spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis, cyclic voltammetric (CV) and amperometric techniques. The electrocatalytic performance of the ZnPh/GO/Urs electrode was investigated by urea biosensor. Our results demonstrate that the modified electrode has excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the sensing of urea in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.2). The biosensor tolerated a wide linear concentration range for urea from 0.4 to 22 μM (R2 = 0.991), with a detection limit of 0.034 µM (S/N = 3). The ZnPh/GO/Urs bioectrode has several excellent properties, including a fast response time, high reproducibility and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekar Selvarajan
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai 625 009, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ayyadurai Suganthi
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai 625 009, Tamil Nadu, India; Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal 624 102, Tamil Nadu, India.
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22
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Pieper P, Russo V, Heinrich B, Donnio B, Deschenaux R. Liquid-Crystalline Tris[60]fullerodendrimers. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3208-3219. [PMID: 29493239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-crystalline tris[60]fullerodendrimers based on first- and second-generation poly(arylester)dendrons carrying cyanobiphenyl mesogens were synthesized for the first time by the olefin cross-metathesis reaction between type I (terminal) and type II (α,β-unsaturated carbonyl) olefinic precursors, using a second-generation Grubbs or Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst. The modular synthetic approach developed here also allowed the selective preparation of the [60]fullerene-free, mono[60]fullerodendrimer, and bis[60]fullerodendrimer derivatives from the appropriate precursors. As revealed by polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small-angle X-ray scattering, all of the materials displayed liquid-crystalline properties. In agreement with the nature of the dendritic building blocks, the emergence of lamellar mesophases (smectic C and/or smectic A phases), with the segregation of the various constitutive parts, was systematically observed. The small variation of the mesomorphic temperature range and of the mesophase stability suggested that the mesomorphism is essentially dominated by the dendrimer itself and is regulated by a subtle adaptive mechanism, in which the proportion of monolayering and bilayering arrangements of the multisegregated lamellar mesophases is modified in order to compensate the space requirements of each of the elementary building blocks, namely, the [60]fullerene units, the cyanobiphenyl mesogens, and the dendritic matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Pieper
- Institut de Chimie , Université de Neuchâtel , Avenue de Bellevaux 51 , 2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland
| | - Virginie Russo
- Institut de Chimie , Université de Neuchâtel , Avenue de Bellevaux 51 , 2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 , CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, BP43 , 67034 CEDEX 2 Strasbourg , France
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 , CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, BP43 , 67034 CEDEX 2 Strasbourg , France
| | - Robert Deschenaux
- Institut de Chimie , Université de Neuchâtel , Avenue de Bellevaux 51 , 2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland
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23
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Bhanvadia VJ, Patel AL, Zade SS. Constructing a self-assembling C3-symmetric covalently linked (fused) donor–acceptor-type molecule containing a hexaazatriphenylene core. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03793k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A C3-symmetric fused donor–acceptor-type molecule containing a hexaazatriphenylene core, with a tendency to form π-stacked aggregates, has been synthesized and studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj J. Bhanvadia
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
- Vadodara − 390002
- India
| | - Arun L. Patel
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
- Vadodara − 390002
- India
| | - Sanjio S. Zade
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Mohanpur – 741246
- India
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24
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Sakurai T, Yoneda S, Sakaguchi S, Kato K, Takata M, Seki S. Donor/Acceptor Segregated π-Stacking Arrays by Use of Shish-Kebab-Type Polymeric Backbones: Highly Conductive Discotic Blends of Phthalocyaninatopolysiloxanes and Perylenediimides. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoru Yoneda
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shugo Sakaguchi
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Materials
Visualization Photon Science Group, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Masaki Takata
- Materials
Visualization Photon Science Group, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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25
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Lee KJ, Xiao Y, Woo JH, Kim E, Kreher D, Attias AJ, Mathevet F, Ribierre JC, Wu JW, André P. Charge-transfer dynamics and nonlocal dielectric permittivity tuned with metamaterial structures as solvent analogues. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:722-729. [PMID: 28581481 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer (CT) is a fundamental and ubiquitous mechanism in biology, physics and chemistry. Here, we evidence that CT dynamics can be altered by multi-layered hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) substrates. Taking triphenylene:perylene diimide dyad supramolecular self-assemblies as a model system, we reveal longer-lived CT states in the presence of HMM structures, with both charge separation and recombination characteristic times increased by factors of 2.4 and 1.7-that is, relative variations of 140 and 73%, respectively. To rationalize these experimental results in terms of driving force, we successfully introduce image dipole interactions in Marcus theory. The non-local effect herein demonstrated is directly linked to the number of metal-dielectric pairs, can be formalized in the dielectric permittivity, and is presented as a solid analogue to local solvent polarity effects. This model and extra PH3T:PC60BM results show the generality of this non-local phenomenon and that a wide range of kinetic tailoring opportunities can arise from substrate engineering. This work paves the way toward the design of artificial substrates to control CT dynamics of interest for applications in optoelectronics and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Jin Lee
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Yiming Xiao
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jae Heun Woo
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
- Center for Length, Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Eunsun Kim
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - David Kreher
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - André-Jean Attias
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Mathevet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Ribierre
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Jeong Weon Wu
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Pascal André
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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26
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Watarai A, Ohta K, Yasutake M. Discotic liquid crystals of transition metal complexes 52: Synthesis and homeotropic alignment of liquid crystalline phthalocyanine-fullerene dyad bridged by vanillin. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616501194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a novel liquid crystalline phthalocyanine(Pc)-fullerene(C[Formula: see text] dyad (C[Formula: see text]S)[Formula: see text]PcCu-VAN-C[Formula: see text] (3a) bridged by an inexpensive natural product of vanillin (VAN), instead of the previous long [Formula: see text]-alkylene chain spacer. We have also synthesized a comparative dyad (C[Formula: see text]S)[Formula: see text]PcCu-OPh-C[Formula: see text] (3b) bridged by [Formula: see text]-hydroxybenzaldehyde (OPh), in order to investigate the influence of the methoxy group in the vanillin moiety on homeotropic alignment between two glass plates. Very interestingly, homeotropic alignment could be observed only for the dyad (C[Formula: see text]S)[Formula: see text]PcCu-VAN-C[Formula: see text] (3a) having a methoxy group in the vanillin moiety, whereas it could not be observed for the dyad (C[Formula: see text]S)[Formula: see text]PcCu-OPh-C[Formula: see text] (3b) having no methoxy group at the phenoxy group. It is very noteworthy that such a slight difference in these molecular structures between 3a and 3b becomes a crucial point to show the homeotropic alignment. Each of the dyads, 3a and 3b, showed two hexagonal ordered columnar (Col[Formula: see text] mesophases. Each of the Col[Formula: see text] mesophases in 3a and 3b gave an additional very strong reflection peak named as Peak H in a very low angle region of the SAXS (small angle X-ray scattering) pattern. Peak H could be established, from two different SAXS measurement methods, as one pitch in a helical structure of the fullerenes around the Pc column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Watarai
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 1-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kazuchika Ohta
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 1-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Mikio Yasutake
- Comprehensive Analysis Centre for Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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27
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Philip AM, Mallia AR, Hariharan M. Prolonged Charge Separated States in Twisted Stacks of All-Carbon Donor and Acceptor Chromophores. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4751-4756. [PMID: 27934208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Twisted donor-on-donor and acceptor-on-acceptor bicontinuous assembly in all-carbon pyren-1-ylaceanthrylene (PA) dyad extends the survival time of the photoinduced radical ion-pair intermediates. Aceanthrylene, a functional analog of C70, acts as a versatile electron acceptor owing to its high electron affinity and visible light absorption. Antithetical trajectories of the excitons in the nonparallel π-ways led to persistent radical ion-pair intermediates in aggregated (τcrA ∼ 1.28 ns) vs monomeric (τcrM ≤ 110 fs) PA dyad as observed using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Marcus theory of charge transfer rates predicts an ambipolar transport characteristic in crystalline PA, thereby endorsing PA as an all-carbon DA hybrid for nonfullerene photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey M Philip
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , CET Campus, Sreekaryam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695016
| | - Ajith R Mallia
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , CET Campus, Sreekaryam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695016
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , CET Campus, Sreekaryam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695016
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Higashino T, Yamada T, Sakurai T, Seki S, Imahori H. Fusing Porphyrins and Phospholes: Synthesis and Analysis of a Phosphorus-Containing Porphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12311-5. [PMID: 27610949 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A phosphole-fused porphyrin dimer, as a representative of a new class of porphyrins with a phosphorus atom, was synthesized for the first time. The porphyrin dimer exhibits remarkably broadened absorption, indicating effective π-conjugation over the two porphyrins through the phosphole moiety. The porphyrin dimer possesses excellent electron-accepting character, which is comparable to that of a representative electron-accepting material, [60]PCBM. These results provide access to a new class of phosphorus-containing porphyrins with unique optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Higashino
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Yamada
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan. .,Institute for Integrated Cell Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
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29
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Feringán B, Romero P, Serrano JL, Folcia CL, Etxebarria J, Ortega J, Termine R, Golemme A, Giménez R, Sierra T. H-Bonded Donor-Acceptor Units Segregated in Coaxial Columnar Assemblies: Toward High Mobility Ambipolar Organic Semiconductors. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12511-8. [PMID: 27577722 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to ambipolar semiconductors based on hydrogen-bonded complexes between a star-shaped tris(triazolyl)triazine and triphenylene-containing benzoic acids is described. The formation of 1:3 supramolecular complexes was evidenced by different techniques. Mesogenic driving forces played a decisive role in the formation of the hydrogen-bonded complexes in the bulk. All of the complexes formed by nonmesogenic components gave rise to hexagonal columnar (Colh) liquid crystal phases, which are stable at room temperature. In all cases, X-ray diffraction experiments supported by electron density distribution maps confirmed triphenylene/tris(triazolyl)triazine segregation into hexagonal sublattices and lattices, respectively, as well as remarkable intracolumnar order. These highly ordered nanostructures, obtained by the combined supramolecular H-bond/columnar liquid crystal approach, yielded donor/acceptor coaxial organization that is promising for the formation of ambipolar organic semiconductors with high mobilities, as indicated by charge transport measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Feringán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Romero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Luis Serrano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza , 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Termine
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM, CNR-NANOTEC Lab LiCryL, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria , 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Attilio Golemme
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM, CNR-NANOTEC Lab LiCryL, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria , 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Raquel Giménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teresa Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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30
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Higashino T, Yamada T, Sakurai T, Seki S, Imahori H. Fusing Porphyrins and Phospholes: Synthesis and Analysis of a Phosphorus-Containing Porphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Higashino
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Tomoki Yamada
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS); Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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31
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Triphenylene–perylene–triphenylene triads with bay-substituents: synthesis, mesomorphism, and electron transfer properties. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Lederer M, Ince M, Martinez-Diaz MV, Torres T, Guldi DM. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in a Zinc Phthalocyanine-Fullerene Conjugate Connected by a Long Flexible Spacer. Chempluschem 2016; 81:941-946. [PMID: 31968794 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A hexadodecyl-substituted zinc phthalocyanine covalently linked through a flexible spacer to a fullerene-ZnPc-C60 -has been investigated regarding electron transfer from the photoexcited, electron-donating ZnPc to the electron-accepting C60 . While ground-state interactions between electron donor and acceptor within ZnPc-C60 could not be detected via steady-state absorption spectroscopy, clear proof for excited-state interactions came from steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. To this end, the fluorescence in ZnPc-C60 is strongly quenched with quantum yields in THF as low as 0.05. Insight into excited-state electron-transfer deactivation within ZnPc-C60 came from time-resolved femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. For example, upon exclusive excitation of the phthalocyanine within the ZnPc-C60 conjugate, a set of transients evolve featuring, on the one hand, the signature of the one-electron oxidized ZnPc radical cation and, on the other hand, of the one-electron reduced C60 radical anion. The analysis of the corresponding dynamics in chlorobenzene resulted in lifetimes for charge-separation and charge-recombination of 7.4 ps and 2.2 ns, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lederer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mine Ince
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Victoria Martinez-Diaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomas Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia, c/Faraday, 9, 28049, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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33
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Suzuki H, Kawano K, Ohta K, Shimizu Y, Kobayashi N, Kimura M. Topological Control of Columnar Stacking Made of Liquid-Crystalline Thiophene-Fused Metallonaphthalocyanines. Chemistry 2016; 5:150-6. [PMID: 27308226 PMCID: PMC4906472 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous organization of two-dimensional polyaromatic molecules into well-defined nanostructures through noncovalent interactions is important in the development of organic-based electronic and optoelectronic devices. Two regioisomers of thiophene-fused zinc naphthalocyanines ZnTNcendo and ZnTNcexo have been designed and synthesized to obtain photo- and electroactive liquid crystalline materials. Both compounds exhibited liquid crystalline behavior over a wide temperature range through intermolecular π-π interactions and local phase segregation between the aromatic cores and peripheral side chains. The structural differences between ZnTNcendo and ZnTNcexo affected the stacking mode in self-assembled columns, as well as symmetry of the two-dimensional rectangular columnar lattice. The columnar structure in liquid crystalline phase exhibited an ambipolar charge-transport behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Ueda 386-8567 Japan
| | - Koki Kawano
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Kansai-Center 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda Osaka 563-8577 Japan
| | - Kazuchika Ohta
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Ueda 386-8567 Japan
| | - Yo Shimizu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Kansai-Center 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda Osaka 563-8577 Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Ueda 386-8567 Japan
| | - Mutsumi Kimura
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Ueda 386-8567 Japan
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34
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Suzuki M, Kotyk JFK, Khan SI, Rubin Y. Directing the Crystallization of Dehydro[24]annulenes into Supramolecular Nanotubular Scaffolds. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5939-56. [PMID: 27088651 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of a series of dehydro[24]annulene derivatives into columnar stacks has been examined for its latent ability to form π-conjugated carbon-rich nanotubular structures through topochemical polymerizations. We have studied the parameters affecting self-assembly, including the nature of the substituent and crystallization conditions, using 10 different dehydro[24]annulene derivatives. In particular, hydrogen-bonding interactions through carbamate groups were found to be especially useful at directing the formation of nanotubular supramolecular assemblies. We have also evaluated the electronic coupling between neighboring dehydroannulene molecules within these supramolecular assemblies. Density functional calculations on the stacked supramolecular nanotube assemblies show that transfer integrals vary considerably between the three columnar assemblies, ranging from moderate to high (59-98 meV for the highest occupied molecular orbitals, 63-97 meV for the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals), depending on the local molecular topology. In addition, the dehydro[24]annulene derivatives afforded distinct architectures in the crystal, including nanochannel arrays, sheets with solvent-filled pores, and lamellae. This work is an essential step toward a controlled formation of covalently linked carbon-rich nanostructures generated from molecular precursors with a latent diacetylene reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Juliet F Khosrowabadi Kotyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Saeed I Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yves Rubin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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35
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Goossens K, Lava K, Bielawski CW, Binnemans K. Ionic Liquid Crystals: Versatile Materials. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4643-807. [PMID: 27088310 DOI: 10.1021/cr400334b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This Review covers the recent developments (2005-2015) in the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of thermotropic ionic liquid crystals. It was designed to give a comprehensive overview of the "state-of-the-art" in the field. The discussion is focused on low molar mass and dendrimeric thermotropic ionic mesogens, as well as selected metal-containing compounds (metallomesogens), but some references to polymeric and/or lyotropic ionic liquid crystals and particularly to ionic liquids will also be provided. Although zwitterionic and mesoionic mesogens are also treated to some extent, emphasis will be directed toward liquid-crystalline materials consisting of organic cations and organic/inorganic anions that are not covalently bound but interact via electrostatic and other noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Goossens
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Lava
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christopher W Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Koen Binnemans
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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36
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Blas-Ferrando VM, Ortiz J, Follana-Berná J, Fernández-Lázaro F, Campos A, Mas-Torrent M, Sastre-Santos Á. Large-Size Star-Shaped Conjugated (Fused) Triphthalocyaninehexaazatriphenylene. Org Lett 2016; 18:1466-9. [PMID: 26949975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Star-shaped triphthalocyaninehexaazatriphenylene 1 was synthesized via condensation between a new building block 1,2-diaminophthalocyanine and cyclohexanehexaone. Compound 1 represents the largest star-shaped phthalocyanine-fused hexaazatriphenylene reported so far. This largely expanded phthalocyanine shows good solubility and has a strong tendency to aggregate both in solution and on the surface, indicating its potential as an active component in organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente M Blas-Ferrando
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández , Edificio Vinalopó, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain
| | - Javier Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández , Edificio Vinalopó, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain
| | - Jorge Follana-Berná
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández , Edificio Vinalopó, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Lázaro
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández , Edificio Vinalopó, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus UAB , Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus UAB , Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández , Edificio Vinalopó, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche, E-03202, Spain
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37
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Zhou S, Yamamoto M, Briggs GAD, Imahori H, Porfyrakis K. Probing the Dipolar Coupling in a Heterospin Endohedral Fullerene-Phthalocyanine Dyad. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1313-9. [PMID: 26745202 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic endohedral fullerenes and phthalocyanine (Pc) complexes are promising building blocks for molecular quantum information processing, for which tunable dipolar coupling is required. We have linked these two spin qubit candidates together and characterized the resulting electron paramagnetic resonance properties, including the spin dipolar coupling between the fullerene spin and the copper spin. Having interpreted the distance-dependent coupling strength quantitatively and further discussed the antiferromagnetic aggregation effect of the CuPc moieties, we demonstrate two ways of tuning the dipolar coupling in such dyad systems: changing the spacer group and adjusting the solution concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhou
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Masanori Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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38
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Liang WW, Huang CF, Wu KY, Wu SL, Chang ST, Cheng YJ, Wang CL. Flat-on ambipolar triphenylamine/C 60 nano-stacks formed from the self-organization of a pyramid-sphere-shaped amphiphile. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2768-2774. [PMID: 28660054 PMCID: PMC5477027 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04242a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study identified the flat-on dual-channel nano-structure and the ambipolar characteristics of a novel giant pyramid-sphere shape amphiphile.
A giant amphiphile, which is constructed with an amorphous nano-pyramid (triphenylamine, TPA) and a crystalline nano-sphere (C60), was synthesized. Structural characterization indicates that this pyramid-sphere-shaped amphiphile (TPA–C60) forms a solvent-induced ordered phase, in which the two constituent units self-assemble into alternating stacks of two-dimensional (2D) TPA and C60 nano-sheets. Due to the complexity of the molecular structure and the amorphous nature of the nano-pyramid, phase formation was driven by intermolecular C60–C60 interactions and the ordered phase could not be reformed from the TPA–C60 melt. Oriented crystal arrays of TPA–C60, which contain flat-on TPA/C60 nano-stacks, can be obtained via a PDMS-assisted crystallization (PAC) technique. The flat-on dual-channel supramolecular structure of TPA–C60 delivered ambipolar and balanced charge-transport characteristics with an average μe of 2.11 × 10–4 cm2 V–1 s–1 and μh of 3.37 × 10–4 cm2 V–1 s–1. The anisotropic charge-transport ability of the pyramid-sphere-shaped amphiphile was further understood based on the lattice structure and the lattice orientation of TPA–C60 revealed from electron diffraction analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Liang
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road , Hsin-Chu , 30010 , Taiwan .
| | - Chi-Feng Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road , Hsin-Chu , 30010 , Taiwan .
| | - Kuan-Yi Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road , Hsin-Chu , 30010 , Taiwan .
| | - San-Lien Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road , Hsin-Chu , 30010 , Taiwan .
| | - Shu-Ting Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road , Hsin-Chu , 30010 , Taiwan .
| | - Yen-Ju Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road , Hsin-Chu , 30010 , Taiwan .
| | - Chien-Lung Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road , Hsin-Chu , 30010 , Taiwan .
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39
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Xiao Y, Su X, Sosa-Vargas L, Lacaze E, Heinrich B, Donnio B, Kreher D, Mathevet F, Attias AJ. Chemical engineering of donor–acceptor liquid crystalline dyads and triads for the controlled nanostructuration of organic semiconductors. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00365f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Apostol P, Eccher J, Dotto MER, Costa CB, Cazati T, Hillard EA, Bock H, Bechtold IH. High rectification in organic diodes based on liquid crystalline phthalocyanines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:32390-7. [PMID: 26585027 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05582b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The optical and electrical properties of mesogenic metal-free and metalated phthalocyanines (PCs) with a moderately sized and regioregular alkyl periphery were investigated. In solution, the individualized molecules show fluorescence lifetimes of 4-6 ns in THF. When deposited as solid thin films the materials exhibit significantly shorter fluorescence lifetimes with bi-exponential decay (1.4-1.8 ns; 0.2-0.4 ns) that testify to the formation of aggregates viaπ-π intermolecular interactions. In diode structures, their pronounced columnar order outbalances the unfavorable planar alignment and leads to excellent rectification behavior. Field-dependent charge carrier mobilities are obtained from the J-V curves in the trap-limited space-charge-limited current regime and demonstrate that the metalated PCs display an improved electrical response with respect to the metal-free homologue. The excited-state lifetime characterization suggest that the π-π intermolecular interactions are stronger for the metal-free PC, confirming that the metallic centre plays an important role in the charge transport inside these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petru Apostol
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Université de Bordeaux & CNRS, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
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41
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Mallia AR, Salini PS, Hariharan M. Nonparallel Stacks of Donor and Acceptor Chromophores Evade Geminate Charge Recombination. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15604-7. [PMID: 26440563 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a nonparallel stacked arrangement of donor–acceptor (D–A) pairs for prolonging the lifetime of photoinduced charge-separated states. Hydrogen–hydrogen steric repulsion in naphthalimide-naphthalene (NIN) dyad destabilizes the planar geometry between the constituent units in solution/ground state. Sterically imposed nonplanar geometry of the dyad allows the access of nonparallel arrangement of the donor and acceptor stacks having triclinic space group in the crystalline state. Antiparallel trajectory of excitons in nonparallel D–A stacks can result in lower probability of geminate charge recombination, upon photoexcitation, thereby resulting in a long-lived charge-separated state. Upon photoexcitation of the NIN dyad, electron transfer from naphthalene to the singlet excited state of naphthalimide moiety results in radical ion pair intermediates that survive >10,000-fold longer in the aggregated state (τcra > 1.2 ns) as compared to that of monomeric dyad (τcrm < 110 fs), monitored using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith R Mallia
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , CET Campus, Sreekaryam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695016
| | - P S Salini
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , CET Campus, Sreekaryam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695016
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , CET Campus, Sreekaryam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695016
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Abstract
Currently, there is a broad interest in the control over creating ordered electroactive nanostructures, in which electron donors and acceptors are organized at similar length scales. In this article, a simple and efficient procedure is reported en-route towards the construction of 1D arrays of crystalline pristine C60 and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) coated onto supramolecular fibers based on exTTF-pentapeptides. The resulting n/p-nanohybrids have been fully characterized by a variety of spectroscopic (FTIR, UV-Vis, circular dichroism, Raman and transient absorption), microscopic (AFM, TEM, and SEM), and powder diffraction (X-ray) techniques. Our experimental findings document the tendency of electroactive exTTF-fibers to induce the crystallization of C60 and PCBM, on one hand, and to afford 1D n/p-nanohybrids, on the other hand. Furthermore, photogenerated radical ion pairs, formed upon visible light irradiation of the n/p-nanohybrids, feature lifetimes on the range of 0.9–1.2 ns.
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43
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Nakamura M, Tsuto K, Jomura A, Takada T, Yamana K. Donor-Acceptor Heterojunction Configurations Based on DNA-Multichromophore Arrays. Chemistry 2015; 21:11788-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Jin S, Supur M, Addicoat M, Furukawa K, Chen L, Nakamura T, Fukuzumi S, Irle S, Jiang D. Creation of Superheterojunction Polymers via Direct Polycondensation: Segregated and Bicontinuous Donor-Acceptor π-Columnar Arrays in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Long-Lived Charge Separation. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7817-27. [PMID: 26030399 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
By developing metallophthalocyanines and diimides as electron-donating and -accepting building blocks, herein, we report the construction of new electron donor-acceptor covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with periodically ordered electron donor and acceptor π-columnar arrays via direct polycondensation reactions. X-ray diffraction measurements in conjunction with structural simulations resolved that the resulting frameworks consist of metallophthalocyanine and diimide columns, which are ordered in a segregated yet bicontinuous manner to form built-in periodic π-arrays. In the frameworks, each metallophthalocyanine donor and diimide acceptor units are exactly linked and interfaced, leading to the generation of superheterojunctions-a new type of heterojunction machinery, for photoinduced electron transfer and charge separation. We show that this polycondensation method is widely applicable to various metallophthalocyanines and diimides as demonstrated by the combination of copper, nickel, and zinc phthalocyanine donors with pyrommellitic diimide, naphthalene diimide, and perylene diimide acceptors. By using time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy and electron spin resonance, we demonstrated that the COFs enable long-lived charge separation, whereas the metal species, the class of acceptors, and the local geometry between donor and acceptor units play roles in determining the photochemical dynamics. The results provide insights into photoelectric COFs and demonstrate their enormous potential for charge separation and photoenergy conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangbin Jin
- †Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Mustafa Supur
- ⊥Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, ALCA, JST, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Matthew Addicoat
- ‡WPI-Research Initiative-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- §Institute for Research Promotion Center for Instrumental Analysis, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi, 2 Nocho, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Long Chen
- †Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,¶College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun south street 5, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Toshikazu Nakamura
- †Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- ⊥Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, ALCA, JST, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Stephan Irle
- ‡WPI-Research Initiative-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Donglin Jiang
- †Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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Zhao KQ, An LL, Zhang XB, Yu WH, Hu P, Wang BQ, Xu J, Zeng QD, Monobe H, Shimizu Y, Heinrich B, Donnio B. Highly Segregated Lamello-Columnar Mesophase Organizations and Fast Charge Carrier Mobility in New Discotic Donor-Acceptor Triads. Chemistry 2015; 21:10379-90. [PMID: 26095600 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Four new donor-acceptor triads (D-A-D) based on discotic and arylene mesogens have been synthesized by using Sonogashira coupling and cyclization reactions. This family of triads consists of two side-on pending triphenylene mesogens, acting as the electron-donating groups (D), laterally connected through short lipophilic spacers to a central perylenediimide (PI), benzo[ghi]perylenediimide (BI), or coronenediimide (CI) molecular unit, respectively, playing the role of the electron acceptor (A). All D-A-D triads self-organize to form a lamello-columnar oblique mesophase, with a highly segregated donor-acceptor (D-A) heterojunction organization, consequent to efficient molecular self-sorting. The structure consists in the regular alternation of two disrupted rows of triphenylene columns and a continuous row of diimine species. High-resolution STM images demonstrate that PI-TP2 forms stable 2D self-assembly nanostructures with some various degrees of regularity, whereas the other triads do not self-organize into ordered architectures. The electron-transport mobility of CI-TP2, measured by time-of-flight at 200 °C in the mesophase, is one order of magnitude higher than the hole mobility. By means of this specific molecular designing idea, we realized and demonstrated for the first time the so-called p-n heterojunction at the molecular level in which the electron-rich triphenylene columns act as the hole transient pathways, and the coronenediimide stacks form the electron-transport channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Jing-An Road 5, Chengdu 610066 (China).
| | - Ling-Ling An
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Jing-An Road 5, Chengdu 610066 (China)
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Jing-An Road 5, Chengdu 610066 (China)
| | - Wen-Hao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Jing-An Road 5, Chengdu 610066 (China)
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Jing-An Road 5, Chengdu 610066 (China)
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Jing-An Road 5, Chengdu 610066 (China)
| | - Jing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190 (China)
| | - Qing-Dao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190 (China).
| | - Hirosato Monobe
- Inorganic Functional Materials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577 (Japan)
| | - Yo Shimizu
- Inorganic Functional Materials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577 (Japan).
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UMR 7504), 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 (France)
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UMR 7504), 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 (France). .,Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter Laboratory (COMPASS), CNRS-Solvay, University of Pennsylvania (UMI 3254), CRTB, 350 George Patterson Boulevard, Bristol, PA 19007 (USA).
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Bottari G, de la Torre G, Torres T. Phthalocyanine-nanocarbon ensembles: from discrete molecular and supramolecular systems to hybrid nanomaterials. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:900-10. [PMID: 25837299 DOI: 10.1021/ar5004384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are macrocyclic and aromatic compounds that present unique electronic features such as high molar absorption coefficients, rich redox chemistry, and photoinduced energy/electron transfer abilities that can be modulated as a function of the electronic character of their counterparts in donor-acceptor (D-A) ensembles. In this context, carbon nanostructures such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and, more recently, graphene are among the most suitable Pc "companions". Pc-C60 ensembles have been for a long time the main actors in this field, due to the commercial availability of C60 and the well-established synthetic methods for its functionalization. As a result, many Pc-C60 architectures have been prepared, featuring different connectivities (covalent or supramolecular), intermolecular interactions (self-organized or molecularly dispersed species), and Pc HOMO/LUMO levels. All these elements provide a versatile toolbox for tuning the photophysical properties in terms of the type of process (photoinduced energy/electron transfer), the nature of the interactions between the electroactive units (through bond or space), and the kinetics of the formation/decay of the photogenerated species. Some recent trends in this field include the preparation of stimuli-responsive multicomponent systems with tunable photophysical properties and highly ordered nanoarchitectures and surface-supported systems showing high charge mobilities. A breakthrough in the Pc-nanocarbon field was the appearance of CNTs and graphene, which opened a new avenue for the preparation of intriguing photoresponsive hybrid ensembles showing light-stimulated charge separation. The scarce solubility of these 1-D and 2-D nanocarbons, together with their lower reactivity with respect to C60 stemming from their less strained sp(2) carbon networks, has not meant an unsurmountable limitation for the preparation of variety of Pc-based hybrids. These systems, which show improved solubility and dispersibility features, bring together the unique electronic transport properties of CNTs and graphene with the excellent light-harvesting and tunable redox properties of Pcs. A singular and distinctive feature of these Pc-CNT/graphene (single- or few-layers) hybrid materials is the control of the direction of the photoinduced charge transfer as a result of the band-like electronic structure of these carbon nanoforms and the adjustable electronic levels of Pcs. Moreover, these conjugates present intensified light-harvesting capabilities resulting from the grafting of several chromophores on the same nanocarbon platform. In this Account, recent progress in the construction of covalent and supramolecular Pc-nanocarbon ensembles is summarized, with a particular emphasis on their photoinduced behavior. We believe that the high degree of control achieved in the preparation of Pc-carbon nanostructures, together with the increasing knowledge of the factors governing their photophysics, will allow for the design of next-generation light-fueled electroactive systems. Possible implementation of these Pc-nanocarbons in high performance devices is envisioned, finally turning into reality much of the expectations generated by these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bottari
- Organic
Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Organic
Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - Tomas Torres
- Organic
Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Complex formation of phthalocyanine derivatives substituted by polyethylene oxide with alkali metal ions in methanol. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Geng H, Zheng X, Shuai Z, Zhu L, Yi Y. Understanding the charge transport and polarities in organic donor-acceptor mixed-stack crystals: molecular insights from the super-exchange couplings. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1443-9. [PMID: 25639615 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport and polarity in organic D-A mixed-stack crystals are examined in terms of super-exchange electronic couplings. When the super-exchange coupling is dominated by the interaction between donor HOMO and acceptor LUMO, ambipolar transport is achieved. Otherwise, involvement of other bridge orbitals can lead to unbalanced, even to unipolar transport in a special case that the HOMO-LUMO interaction vanishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Geng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Lehmann M, Hügel M. Perfekte Raumfüllung - Fullerengäste in sternförmigen Oligophenylenvinylen-Mesogenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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