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Li Y, Castillo HD, Dobscha JR, Morgan AR, Tait SL, Flood AH. Breaking Radial Dipole Symmetry in Planar Macrocycles Modulates Edge-to-Edge Packing and Disrupts Cofacial Stacking. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302946. [PMID: 37950681 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Dipolar interactions are ever-present in supramolecular architectures, though their impact is typically revealed by making dipoles stronger. While it is also possible to assess the role of dipoles by altering their orientations by using synthetic design, doing so without altering the molecular shape is not straightforward. We have now done this by flipping one triazole unit in a rigid macrocycle, tricarb. The macrocycle is composed of three carbazoles (2 Debye) and three triazoles (5 Debye) defining an array of dipoles aligned radially but organized alternately in and out. These dipoles are believed to dictate edge-to-edge tiling and face-to-face stacking. We modified our synthesis to prepare isosteric macrocycles with the orientation of one triazole dipole rotated 40°. The new dipole orientation guides edge-to-edge contacts to reorder the stability of two surface-bound 2D polymorphs. The impact on dipole-enhanced π stacking, however, was unexpected. Our stacking model identified an unchanged set of short-range (3.4 Å) anti-parallel dipole contacts. Despite this situation, the reduction in self-association was attributed to long-range (~6.4 Å) dipolar repulsions between π-stacked macrocycles. This work highlights our ability to control the build-up and symmetry of macrocyclic skeletons by synthetic design, and the work needed to further our understanding of how dipoles control self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Henry D Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - James R Dobscha
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Amanda R Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Steven L Tait
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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2
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Zhu H, Chen L, Sun B, Wang M, Li H, Stoddart JF, Huang F. Applications of macrocycle-based solid-state host-guest chemistry. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:768-782. [PMID: 37783822 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic molecules have been used in various fields owing to their guest binding properties. Macrocycle-based host-guest chemistry in solution can allow for precise control of complex formation. Although solution-phase host-guest complexes are easily prepared, their limited stability and processability prevent widespread application. Extending host-guest chemistry from solution to the solid state results in complexes that are generally more robust, enabling easier processing and broadened applications. Macrocyclic compounds in the solid state can encapsulate guests with larger affinities than their soluble counterparts. This is crucial for use in applications such as separation science and devices. In this Review, we summarize recent progress in macrocycle-based solid-state host-guest chemistry and discuss the basic physical chemistry of these complexes. Representative macrocycles and their solid-state complexes are explored, as well as potential applications. Finally, perspectives and challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangtianzhi Zhu
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center-Hangzhou Zhijiang Silicone Chemicals Co., LTD Joint Lab, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liya Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center-Hangzhou Zhijiang Silicone Chemicals Co., LTD Joint Lab, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center-Hangzhou Zhijiang Silicone Chemicals Co., LTD Joint Lab, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mengbin Wang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center-Hangzhou Zhijiang Silicone Chemicals Co., LTD Joint Lab, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center-Hangzhou Zhijiang Silicone Chemicals Co., LTD Joint Lab, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center-Hangzhou Zhijiang Silicone Chemicals Co., LTD Joint Lab, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Feihe Huang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center-Hangzhou Zhijiang Silicone Chemicals Co., LTD Joint Lab, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
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3
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Liu H, Zhuang G, Wang S, Huang P, Chen M, Yang S, Du P. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of [3]Cyclo-1,8-pyrenes via [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7038-7045. [PMID: 33914535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of the crown-like structure of [3]cyclo-1,8-pyrenes (compounds 9 and 10). Planar pyrenyl arylene-ethynylene macrocycles are used as the precursors to synthesize these pyrene-based cycloarenes by [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction with good yields. These molecules are confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The structure of 9 was unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their photophysical properties are investigated by steady-state absorption, fluorescence, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopies, combined with theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, China
| | - Guilin Zhuang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310032, China
| | - Shengda Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, China
| | - Pingsen Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, China
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4
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Li T, Mou C, Qi P, Peng X, Jiang S, Hao G, Xue W, Yang S, Hao L, Chi YR, Jin Z. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Atroposelective Annulation for Access to Thiazine Derivatives with C−N Axial Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9362-9367. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Chengli Mou
- School of Pharmacy Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Puying Qi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Shichun Jiang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Gefei Hao
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Wei Xue
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Song Yang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Lin Hao
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
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5
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Li T, Mou C, Qi P, Peng X, Jiang S, Hao G, Xue W, Yang S, Hao L, Chi YR, Jin Z. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Atroposelective Annulation for Access to Thiazine Derivatives with C−N Axial Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Chengli Mou
- School of Pharmacy Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Puying Qi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Shichun Jiang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Gefei Hao
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Wei Xue
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Song Yang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Lin Hao
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
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6
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Hillenbrand J, Leutzsch M, Gordon CP, Copéret C, Fürstner A. 183 W NMR Spectroscopy Guides the Search for Tungsten Alkylidyne Catalysts for Alkyne Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21758-21768. [PMID: 32820864 PMCID: PMC7756321 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triarylsilanolates are privileged ancillary ligands for molybdenum alkylidyne catalysts for alkyne metathesis but lead to disappointing results and poor stability in the tungsten series. 1 H,183 W heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy, exploiting a favorable 5 J-coupling between the 183 W center and the peripheral protons on the alkylidyne cap, revealed that these ligands upregulate the Lewis acidity to an extent that the tungstenacyclobutadiene formed in the initial [2+2] cycloaddition step is over-stabilized and the catalytic turnover brought to a halt. Guided by the 183 W NMR shifts as a proxy for the Lewis acidity of the central atom and by an accompanying chemical shift tensor analysis of the alkylidyne unit, the ligand design was revisited and a more strongly π-donating all-alkoxide ligand prepared. The new expanded chelate complex has a tempered Lewis acidity and outperforms the classical Schrock catalyst, carrying monodentate tert-butoxy ligands, in terms of rate and functional-group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–58093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–58093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
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7
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Hillenbrand J, Leutzsch M, Gordon CP, Copéret C, Fürstner A. 183
W NMR Spectroscopy Guides the Search for Tungsten Alkylidyne Catalysts for Alkyne Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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8
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Kiel GR, Bergman HM, Tilley TD. Site-selective [2 + 2 + n] cycloadditions for rapid, scalable access to alkynylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3028-3035. [PMID: 34122806 PMCID: PMC8157499 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are attractive synthetic building blocks for more complex conjugated nanocarbons, but their use for this purpose requires appreciable quantities of a PAH with reactive functional groups. Despite tremendous recent advances, most synthetic methods cannot satisfy these demands. Here we present a general and scalable [2 + 2 + n] (n = 1 or 2) cycloaddition strategy to access PAHs that are decorated with synthetically versatile alkynyl groups and its application to seven structurally diverse PAH ring systems (thirteen new alkynylated PAHs in total). The critical discovery is the site-selectivity of an Ir-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition, which preferentially cyclizes tethered diyne units with preservation of other (peripheral) alkynyl groups. The potential for generalization of the site-selectivity to other [2 + 2 + n] reactions is demonstrated by identification of a Cp2Zr-mediated [2 + 2 + 1]/metallacycle transfer sequence for synthesis of an alkynylated, selenophene-annulated PAH. The new PAHs are excellent synthons for macrocyclic conjugated nanocarbons. As a proof of concept, four were subjected to alkyne metathesis catalysis to afford large, PAH-containing arylene ethylene macrocycles, which possess a range of cavity sizes reaching well into the nanometer regime. Notably, these high-yielding macrocyclizations establish that synthetically convenient pentynyl groups can be effective for metathesis since the 4-octyne byproduct is sequestered by 5 Å MS. Most importantly, this work is a demonstration of how site-selective reactions can be harnessed to rapidly build up structural complexity in a practical, scalable fashion. An orthogonal [2 + 2 + n] cycloaddition/alkyne metathesis reaction sequence enables streamlined access to conjugated macrocyclic nanocarbons.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Kiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Harrison M Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA
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9
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wang C, Zheng X, Zheng Y, Gao L, Yang C, Li Y, Qu L, Zhao Y. Color-Tunable Polymeric Long-Persistent Luminescence Based on Polyphosphazenes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907355. [PMID: 31930607 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic long-persistent luminescence (OLPL) materials have attracted wide attention on account of their fascinating luminescence properties, presenting application prospects in the fields of bioimaging, information security, displays, anti-counterfeiting, and so on. Some effective strategies have been developed to promote the intersystem crossing (ISC) of the excited singlet state to triplet state and limit nonradiative transition, and thus OLPL materials with long lifetime (more than 1s) and high quantum yield have been explored. However, OLPL materials with dynamic and excitation-dependent characteristics are rarely reported. In this work, two novel polyphosphazene derivatives containing carbazolyl units are designed and synthesized successfully, and then they are doped into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films to achieve polymeric long-persistent luminescence (PLPL). Unexpectedly, excitation-dependent PLPL (ED-PLPL) is obtained under ambient conditions (in air at room temperature), and the persistent luminescence color can be changed from blue to green upon varying the excitation wavelength. At the same time, a dynamic cycle of ED-PLPL is realized based on the formation and destruction of hydrogen bonding interactions between the PVA chains and polyphosphazene phosphor. This work provides a new strategy for the design of color-tunable polymeric luminescent materials under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, P. R. China
| | - Chang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, P. R. China
| | - Xian Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, P. R. China
| | - Liang Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, P. R. China
| | - Chaolong Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Youbing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, P. R. China
| | - Lunjun Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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10
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Ogawa K, Tanaka S, Shimura K. Synthesis and fluorescence properties of butadiyne-linked linear and cyclic carbazole oligomers. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9657-9662. [PMID: 35497230 PMCID: PMC9050127 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar macrocycles exhibite blue emission whereas flexible ones emit near white light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ogawa
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research
- University of Yamanashi
- Yamanashi 400-8511
- Japan
| | - Shohei Tanaka
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research
- University of Yamanashi
- Yamanashi 400-8511
- Japan
| | - Kyosuke Shimura
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research
- University of Yamanashi
- Yamanashi 400-8511
- Japan
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11
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Miki K, Ohe K. π‐Conjugated Macrocycles Bearing Angle‐Strained Alkynes. Chemistry 2019; 26:2529-2575. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Miki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
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12
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Zhou X, Thompson RR, Fronczek FR, Lee S. Size-Selective Synthesis of Large Cycloparaphenyleneacetylene Carbon Nanohoops Using Alkyne Metathesis. Org Lett 2019; 21:4680-4683. [PMID: 31144823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Size selective synthesis of large cycloparaphenyleneacetylene carbon nanohoops was achieved using alkyne metathesis. The large nanohoops were stable in ambient conditions due to their reduced strain. The nanohoops exhibited blue fluorescence with high quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70810 , United States
| | - Richard R Thompson
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70810 , United States
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70810 , United States
| | - Semin Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70810 , United States
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13
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Mallick S, Maddala S, Kollimalayan K, Venkatakrishnan P. Oxidative Coupling of Carbazoles: A Substituent-Governed Regioselectivity Profile. J Org Chem 2018; 84:73-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudesh Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudhakar Maddala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalidass Kollimalayan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Dobscha JR, Debnath S, Fadler RE, Fatila EM, Pink M, Raghavachari K, Flood AH. Host–Host Interactions Control Self‐assembly and Switching of Triple and Double Decker Stacks of Tricarbazole Macrocycles Co‐assembled with anti‐Electrostatic Bisulfate Dimers. Chemistry 2018; 24:9841-9852. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James R. Dobscha
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Sibali Debnath
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Rachel E. Fadler
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Elisabeth M. Fatila
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
- Current address: Department of Chemistry Louisiana Tech University 1 Adams Boulevard Ruston LA 71272 USA
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
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15
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Kawano SI, Murai T, Harada T, Tanaka K. Columnar Liquid-Crystalline Macrocycles Synthesized via Metal Ion-Assisted Self-Assembly. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:3913-3919. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Kawano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Takafumi Murai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Takahiro Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
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16
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Kim S, Castillo HD, Lee M, Mortensen RD, Tait SL, Lee D. From Foldable Open Chains to Shape-Persistent Macrocycles: Synthesis, Impact on 2D Ordering, and Stimulated Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soobin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Henry D. Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Milim Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Riley D. Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Steven L. Tait
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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17
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Xie P, Yuan N, Li S, Ouyang Y, Zhu Y, Liang H. Synthesis and properties of blue luminescent bipolar materials constructed with carbazole and anthracene units with 4-cyanophenyl substitute at the 9-position of the carbazole unit. LUMINESCENCE 2018; 33:604-610. [PMID: 29377545 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
With carbazole and p-cyanobromobenzene as raw materials, 4-(3,6-di (anthracen-9-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (DACB) and 4-(3,6-bis(anthracene -9-ylethynyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (BACB) were synthesized through the Suzuki coupling reaction and the Sonogashira coupling reaction, respectively. These structures were characterized using 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), elemental analysis and mass spectrometry. Their thermal properties, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption, fluorescence emission, fluorescence quantum yields and electrochemical properties were also investigated systematically. In addition, a electroluminescence (EL) device was made with BACB as the emitting layer and performance of the EL device was studied. Results showed that: (1) the temperature points with 5% and 10% of DACB weight loss were 443°C and 461°C, respectively, and were 475°C and 506°C with BACB weight loss of 5% and 10%, respectively. When the temperature was 50-300°C, no significantly thermal transition was observed which suggested that they had excellent thermal stability. (2) DACB and BACB had single emission peaks at 415 nm, and 479 nm with fluorescence quantum yields of 0.61 and 0.87, respectively, indicating that both compounds could emit strong blue light. (3) According to electrochemical measurement on BACB and DACB, their gaps were 3.07 eV and 2.76 eV, respectively, which further showed that these two compounds were very stable and acted as efficient blue light materials. (4) The turn-on voltage of the device was 5 V, and the device emitted dark blue light with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.157, 0.079).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Xie
- Petrochemical Engineering Department of Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningning Yuan
- Petrochemical Engineering Department of Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanji Li
- Petrochemical Engineering Department of Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ouyang
- Petrochemical Engineering Department of Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongju Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Zhu DJ, Ding W, Wang DH, Xue M, Yang Y. One-pot, highly efficient, cavity controllable synthesis and binding properties of carbazole-based macrocycles with sulfonamide linkages. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00538a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new type of carbazole-based sulfonamide macrocycle was synthesized efficiently in one single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Jie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Wen Ding
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Dong-Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Physics
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
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19
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Chen DH, Sheng TL, Zhu XQ, Lin L, Wen YH, Hu SM, Fu RB, Wu XT. Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Property of a Cobalt(II) Metal-Organic Framework. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201700128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 350002 Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Tian-Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 350002 Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 350002 Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 350002 Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yue-Hong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 350002 Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 350002 Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Rui-Biao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 350002 Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Xin-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 350002 Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
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20
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Kim HS, Goo DY, Woo SK. Efficient synthesis of aryl-substituted carbazoles via tandem double or triple suzuki coupling and cadogan cyclization. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Heo JM, Kim Y, Han S, Joung JF, Lee SH, Han S, Noh J, Kim J, Park S, Lee H, Choi YM, Jung YS, Kim JM. Chromogenic Tubular Polydiacetylenes from Topochemical Polymerization of Self-Assembled Macrocyclic Diacetylenes. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Youngmee Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sungnam Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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22
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Chen DH, Lin L, Sheng TL, Wen YH, Hu SM, Fu RB, Zhuo C, Li HR, Wu XT. Syntheses, structures and luminescence properties of five coordination polymers based on designed 2,7-bis(4-benzoic acid)-N-(4-benzoic acid) carbazole. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00361g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Fan M, Liu Y, Hu Q, Jia L, Chen Y. Facile Synthesis of [1,2,3]Triazolo[5,1-a]isoquinolines through a Copper-Catalyzed Tandem Sonogashira Coupling/Cyclization Reaction. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Fan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 430073 Wuhan China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 430073 Wuhan China
| | - Qinquan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 430073 Wuhan China
| | - Lihui Jia
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 430073 Wuhan China
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 430073 Wuhan China
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24
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Stępień M, Gońka E, Żyła M, Sprutta N. Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds: Synthetic Routes, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3479-3716. [PMID: 27258218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 857] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensionally extended, polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules (heterocyclic nanographenes) are a highly versatile class of organic materials, applicable as functional chromophores and organic semiconductors. In this Review, we discuss the rich chemistry of large heteroaromatics, focusing on their synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in materials science. This Review summarizes the historical development and current state of the art in this rapidly expanding field of research, which has become one of the key exploration areas of modern heterocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marika Żyła
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natasza Sprutta
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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25
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Schaubach S, Gebauer K, Ungeheuer F, Hoffmeister L, Ilg MK, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. A Two-Component Alkyne Metathesis Catalyst System with an Improved Substrate Scope and Functional Group Tolerance: Development and Applications to Natural Product Synthesis. Chemistry 2016; 22:8494-507. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Konrad Gebauer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Felix Ungeheuer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | | | - Marina K. Ilg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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26
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Allampally NK, Mayoral MJ, Chansai S, Lagunas MC, Hardacre C, Stepanenko V, Albuquerque RQ, Fernández G. Control over the Self-Assembly Modes of Pt(II) Complexes by Alkyl Chain Variation: From Slipped to Parallel π-Stacks. Chemistry 2016; 22:7810-6. [PMID: 27113990 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the self-assembly of a new family of hydrophobic, bis(pyridyl) Pt(II) complexes featuring an extended oligophenyleneethynylene-derived π-surface appended with six long (dodecyloxy (2)) or short (methoxy (3)) side groups. Complex 2, containing dodecyloxy chains, forms fibrous assemblies with a slipped arrangement of the monomer units (dPt⋅⋅⋅Pt ≈14 Å) in both nonpolar solvents and the solid state. Dispersion-corrected PM6 calculations suggest that this organization is driven by cooperative π-π, C-H⋅⋅⋅Cl and π-Pt interactions, which is supported by EXAFS and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. In contrast, nearly parallel π-stacks (dPt⋅⋅⋅Pt ≈4.4 Å) stabilized by multiple π-π and C-H⋅⋅⋅Cl contacts are obtained in the crystalline state for 3 lacking long side chains, as shown by X-ray analysis and PM6 calculations. Our results reveal not only the key role of alkyl chain length in controlling self-assembly modes but also show the relevance of Pt-bound chlorine ligands as new supramolecular synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Allampally
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - María José Mayoral
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarayute Chansai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's Universtity Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - María Cristina Lagunas
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's Universtity Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Hardacre
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's Universtity Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Q Albuquerque
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, A, v. Trab. São-Carlense, 400, 13560-970, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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27
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Liu Y, Singharoy A, Mayne CG, Sengupta A, Raghavachari K, Schulten K, Flood AH. Flexibility Coexists with Shape-Persistence in Cyanostar Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4843-4851. [PMID: 27014837 PMCID: PMC4957974 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Shape-persistent macrocycles are attractive functional targets for synthesis, molecular recognition, and hierarchical self-assembly. Such macrocycles are noncollapsible and geometrically well-defined, and they are traditionally characterized by having repeat units and low conformational flexibility. Here, we find it necessary to refine these ideas in the face of highly flexible yet shape-persistent macrocycles. A molecule is shape-persistent if it has a small change in shape when perturbed by external stimuli (e.g., heat, light, and redox chemistry). In support of this idea, we provide the first examination of the relationships between a macrocycle's shape persistence, its conformational space, and the resulting functions. We do this with a star-shaped macrocycle called cyanostar that is flexible as well as being shape-persistent. We employed molecular dynamics (MD), density functional theory (DFT), and NMR experiments. Considering a thermal bath as a stimulus, we found a single macrocycle has 332 accessible conformers with olefins undergoing rapid interconversion by up-down and in-out motions on short time scales (0.2 ns). These many interconverting conformations classify single cyanostars as flexible. To determine and confirm that cyanostars are shape-persistent, we show that they have a high 87% shape similarity across these conformations. To further test the idea, we use the binding of diglyme to the single macrocycle as guest-induced stimulation. This guest has almost no effect on the conformational space. However, formation of a 2:1 sandwich complex involving two macrocycles enhances rigidity and dramatically shifts the conformer distribution toward perfect bowls. Overall, the present study expands the scope of shape-persistent macrocycles to include flexible macrocycles if, and only if, their conformers have similar shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Abhishek Singharoy
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Christopher G. Mayne
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Arkajyoti Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Klaus Schulten
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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28
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Tahara K, Nakatani K, Iritani K, De Feyter S, Tobe Y. Periodic Functionalization of Surface-Confined Pores in a Two-Dimensional Porous Network Using a Tailored Molecular Building Block. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2113-2120. [PMID: 26838957 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present here the periodic functionalization of a two-dimensional (2D) porous molecular network using a tailored molecular building block. For this purpose, a dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivative, 1-isoDBA, having an isophthalic acid unit connected by an azobenzene linker to a C12 alkyl chain and five C14 chains, was designed and synthesized. After the optimization of monolayer preparation conditions at the 1,2,4-trichlorobezene (TCB)/graphite interface, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observation of the self-assembled monolayer of 1-isoDBA revealed the formation of extended domains of a porous honeycomb-type molecular network, which consists of periodically located nanowells each functionalized by a cyclic hexamer of hydrogen-bonded isophthalic acid units and those without functional groups. This result demonstrates that the present strategy based on precise molecular design is a viable route to site-specific functionalization of surface-confined nanowells. The nanowells of different size can be used for guest coadsorption of different guests, coronene COR and hexakis[4-(phenylethynyl)phenylethynyl]benzene HPEPEB, whose size and shape match the respective nanowells. STM observation of a ternary mixture (1-isoDBA/COR/HPEPEB) at the TCB/graphite interface revealed the site-selective immobilization of the two different guest molecules at the respective nanowells, producing a highly ordered three-component 2D structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakatani
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kohei Iritani
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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29
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Goo DY, Woo SK. One-pot synthesis of carbazoles via tandem C–C cross-coupling and reductive amination. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:122-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01952d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a highly efficient synthetic route to carbazoles that employs sequential C–C/C–N bond formation via Suzuki cross-coupling and Cadogan cyclization. The developed method is compatible with electron neutral, rich or deficient substrates. The synthetic utility of this method was demonstrated by the concise syntheses of four natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deuk-Young Goo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- Korea
| | - Sang Kook Woo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- Korea
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30
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Lee S, Hirsch BE, Liu Y, Dobscha JR, Burke DW, Tait SL, Flood AH. Multifunctional Tricarbazolo Triazolophane Macrocycles: One-Pot Preparation, Anion Binding, and Hierarchical Self-Organization of Multilayers. Chemistry 2015; 22:560-9. [PMID: 26593327 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Programming the synthesis and self-assembly of molecules is a compelling strategy for the bottom-up fabrication of ordered materials. To this end, shape-persistent macrocycles were designed with alternating carbazoles and triazoles to program a one-pot synthesis and to bind large anions. The macrocycles bind anions that were once considered too weak to be coordinated, such as PF6 (-) , with surprisingly high affinities (β2 =10(11) M(-2) in 80:20 chloroform/methanol) and positive cooperativity, α=(4 K2 /K1 )=1200. We also discovered that the macrocycles assemble into ultrathin films of hierarchically ordered tubes on graphite surfaces. The remarkable surface-templated self-assembly properties, as was observed by using scanning tunneling microscopy, are attributed to the complementary pairing of alternating triazoles and carbazoles inscribed into both the co-facial and edge-sharing seams that exist between shape-persistent macrocycles. The multilayer assembly is also consistent with the high degree of molecular self-association observed in solution, with self-association constants of K=300 000 M(-1) (chloroform/methanol 80:20). Scanning tunneling microscopy data also showed that surface assemblies readily sequester iodide anions from solution, modulating their assembly. This multifunctional macrocycle provides a foundation for materials composed of hierarchically organized and nanotubular self-assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (USA).,Current Address: Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
| | - Brandon E Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (USA)
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (USA)
| | - James R Dobscha
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (USA)
| | - David W Burke
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (USA)
| | - Steven L Tait
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (USA)
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (USA)
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31
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Ji Q, Le HTM, Wang X, Chen YS, Makarenko T, Jacobson AJ, Miljanić OŠ. Cyclotetrabenzoin: Facile Synthesis of a Shape-Persistent Molecular Square and Its Assembly into Hydrogen-Bonded Nanotubes. Chemistry 2015; 21:17205-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Xiao D, Zhang D, Chen B, Xie D, Xiang Y, Li X, Jin W. Size-selective recognition by a tubular assembly of phenylene-pyrimidinylene alternated macrocycle through hydrogen-bonding interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10649-10655. [PMID: 26375477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Study of artificial tubular assemblies as a useful host scaffold for size-selective recognition and release of guest molecules is an important subject in host-guest chemistry. We describe well-defined self-assembled nanotubes (NT6mer) formed from π-conjugated m-phenylene-pyrimidinylene alternated macrocycle 16mer that exhibit size-selective recognition toward a specific aromatic acid. In a series of guest molecules, a size-matched trimesic acid (G3) gives inclusion complexes (NT6mer⊃G3) in dichloromethane resulting in an enhanced and red-shifted fluorescence. (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titration experiments indicated that the complex was formed in a 1:1 molar ratio. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the binding constant value (K = 1.499 × 10(5) M(-1)) of NT6mer with G3 suggested that the complex involved triple hydrogen-bonding interactions. The encapsulated guest G3 molecules can be readily released from the tubular channel through the dissociation of hydrogen bonding by the addition of a polar solvent such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). In contrast, 16mer could not form self-assembled nanotubes in CHCl3 or tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution, leading to weak or no size-selective recognizability, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Beihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahai Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianying Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Wusong Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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Ni(COD)2 coupling of 3,6-dibromocarbazoles as a route to all-carbazole shape persistent macrocycles. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Amato F, Phulwale BV, Mazal C, Havel J. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation quadrupole ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry of novel shape-persistent macrocycles. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:1125-1134. [PMID: 25981543 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Shape-persistent macrocycles (SPMs) represent innovative molecular building blocks for the development of highly organised supramolecular architectures with application in nanotechnology, chemistry, catalysis and optoelectronics. Systematic mass spectrometric characterisation of SPMs and their collision-activated decay is not available to date. METHODS Characterisation of alkoxy-decorated SPMs was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation quadrupole ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-QIT-TOFMS) and collision-induced dissociation (CID). RESULTS Laser excitation of SPMs leads to the formation of stable cation radicals which show characteristic fragmentation patterns. All the product ions formed were identified. Photoelectrons generated during the MALDI process and full-ring conjugation were found to be fundamental for the formation of molecular cation radicals and their stabilisation, respectively. Formation of supramolecular aggregates of SPMs by π-π stacking was proven. SPMs are suitable motifs for the preparation of novel fullerene-based donor-acceptor systems. CONCLUSIONS Alkoxy-decorated SPMs represent promising electron-donating building blocks that can be exploited in electronics and optoelectronics for the development of robust and highly efficient laser-activated supramolecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Amato
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kampus Bohunice, Kamenice 5/A14, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bhimrao Vaijnath Phulwale
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kampus Bohunice, Kamenice 5/A14, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Ctibor Mazal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kampus Bohunice, Kamenice 5/A14, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Havel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kampus Bohunice, Kamenice 5/A14, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEPLANT, R&D Center for Low-Cost Plasma and Nanotechnology Surface Modifications, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
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Fan W, Jiang S, Feng B. Rh(I)-catalyzed decarbonylation synthesis of carbazoles via C–N cleavage. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fimmel B, Son M, Sung YM, Grüne M, Engels B, Kim D, Würthner F. Phenylene Ethynylene-Tethered Perylene Bisimide Folda-Dimer and Folda-Trimer: Investigations on Folding Features in Ground and Excited States. Chemistry 2014; 21:615-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Song IY, Kwon YS, Lim J, Park T. Well-defined all-conducting block copolymer bilayer hybrid nanostructure: selective positioning of lithium ions and efficient charge collection. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6893-6901. [PMID: 24915280 DOI: 10.1021/nn5016083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A block copolymerization of nonfunctionalized conducting monomers was developed to enable the successful synthesis of a highly insoluble 3,4-(ethylenedioxy)thienyl-based all-conducting block copolymer (PEDOT-b-PEDOT-TB) that could encapsulate nanocrystalline dyed TiO2 particles, resulting in the formation of an all-conducting block copolymer bilayer hybrid nanostructure (TiO2/Dye/PEDOT-b-PEDOT-TB). Lithium ions were selectively positioned on the outer PEDOT-TB surface. The distances through which the positively charged dye and PEDOT-TB(Li(+)) interacted physically or through which the TiO2 electrode and the Li(+) centers on PEDOT-TB(Li(+)) interacted ionically were precisely tuned and optimized within ca. 1 nm by controlling the thickness of the PEDOT blocking layer (the block length). The optimized structure provided efficient charge collection in an iodine-free dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) due to negligible recombination of photoinduced electrons with cationic species and rapid charge transport, which improved the photovoltaic performance (η = 2.1 → 6.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- In Young Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , San31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
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Rondeau-Gagné S, Néabo JR, Daigle M, Cantin K, Morin JF. Improving the reactivity of phenylacetylene macrocycles toward topochemical polymerization by side chains modification. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:1613-1619. [PMID: 25161718 PMCID: PMC4142893 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and self-assembly of two new phenylacetylene macrocycle (PAM) organogelators were performed. Polar 2-hydroxyethoxy side chains were incorporated in the inner part of the macrocycles to modify the assembly mode in the gel state. With this modification, it was possible to increase the reactivity of the macrocycles in the xerogel state to form polydiacetylenes (PDAs), leading to a significant enhancement of the polymerization yields. The organogels and the PDAs were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Département de Chimie and Centre de recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, G1V 0A6 Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Jules Roméo Néabo
- Département de Chimie and Centre de recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, G1V 0A6 Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Maxime Daigle
- Département de Chimie and Centre de recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, G1V 0A6 Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Katy Cantin
- Département de Chimie and Centre de recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, G1V 0A6 Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Département de Chimie and Centre de recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, G1V 0A6 Québec, Québec, Canada
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Schweighauser L, Häussinger D, Neuburger M, Wegner HA. Symmetry as a new element to control molecular switches. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3371-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00230j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fa-yin T, Liu N, Yuan-yuan Z, Yin J, Chen Y, Zong-quan W. SYNTHESIS OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLY(CARBAZOLE)S VIA CLICK POLYMERIZATION. ACTA POLYM SIN 2013. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2013.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Arigela RK, Samala S, Mahar R, Shukla SK, Kundu B. Synthesis of Triazolo Isoquinolines and Isochromenes from 2-Alkynylbenzaldehyde via Domino Reactions under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2013; 78:10476-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401929q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bijoy Kundu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
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Convergent synthesis of hexameric naphthylene macrocycles with dicarboxylic imide appendages. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Deraedt C, d'Halluin M, Astruc D. Metathesis Reactions: Recent Trends and Challenges. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Tahara K, Yamamoto Y, Gross DE, Kozuma H, Arikuma Y, Ohta K, Koizumi Y, Gao Y, Shimizu Y, Seki S, Kamada K, Moore JS, Tobe Y. Syntheses and properties of graphyne fragments: trigonally expanded dehydrobenzo[12]annulenes. Chemistry 2013; 19:11251-60. [PMID: 23821553 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present herein the synthesis and properties of the largest hitherto unknown graphyne fragment, namely trigonally expanded tetrakis(dehydrobenzo[12]annulene)s (tetrakis-DBAs). Intramolecular three-fold alkyne metathesis reactions of hexakis(arylethynyl)DBAs 9 a and 9 b using Fürstner's Mo catalyst furnished tetrakis-DBAs 8 a and 8 b substituted with tert-butyl or branched alkyl ester groups in moderate and fair yields, respectively, demonstrating that the metathesis reaction of this protocol is a powerful tool for the construction of graphyne fragment backbones. For comparison, hexakis(arylethynyl)DBAs 9 c-g have also been prepared. The one-photon absorption spectrum of tetrakis-DBA 8 a bearing tert-butyl groups revealed a remarkable bathochromic shift of the absorption cut-off (λcutoff ) compared with those of previously reported graphyne fragments due to extended π-conjugation. Moreover, in the two-photon absorption spectrum, 8 a showed a large cross-section for a pure hydrocarbon because of the planar para-phenylene-ethynylene conjugation pathways. Hexakis(arylethynyl)-DBAs 9 c-e and 9 g and tetrakis-DBA 8 b bearing electron-withdrawing groups aggregated in chloroform solutions. Comparison between the free energies of 9 e and 8 b bearing the same substituents revealed the more favorable association of the latter due to stronger π-π interactions between the extended π-cores. Polarized optical microscopy observations, DSC, and XRD measurements showed that 8 b and 9 e with branched alkyl ester groups displayed columnar rectangular mesophases. By the time-resolved microwave conductivity method, the columnar rectangular phase of 8 b was shown to exhibit a moderate charge-carrier mobility of 0.12 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) . These results indicate that large graphyne fragments can serve as good organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
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Lee S, Oh S, Lee J, Malpani Y, Jung YS, Kang B, Lee JY, Ozasa K, Isoshima T, Lee SY, Hara M, Hashizume D, Kim JM. Stimulus-responsive azobenzene supramolecules: fibers, gels, and hollow spheres. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:5869-5877. [PMID: 23597134 DOI: 10.1021/la400159m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel, stimulus-responsive supramolecular structures in the form of fibers, gels, and spheres, derived from an azobenzene-containing benzenetricarboxamide derivative, are described. Self-assembly of tris(4-((E)-phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (Azo-1) in aqueous organic solvent systems results in solvent dependent generation of microfibers (aq DMSO), gels (aq DMF), and hollow spheres (aq THF). The results of a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of Azo-1 (crystallized from a mixture of DMSO and H2O) reveal that it possesses supramolecular columnar packing along the b axis. Data obtained from FTIR analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggest that multiple hydrogen bonding modes exist in the Azo-1 fibers. UV irradiation of the microfibers, formed in aq DMSO, causes complete melting while regeneration of new fibers occurs upon visible light irradiation. In addition to this photoinduced and reversible phase transition, the Azo-1 supramolecules display a reversible, fiber-to-sphere morphological transition upon exposure to pure DMSO or aq THF. The role played by amide hydrogen bonds in the morphological changes occurring in Azo-1 is demonstrated by the behavior of the analogous, ester-containing tris(4-((E)-phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (Azo-2) and by the hydrogen abstraction in the presence of fluoride anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumi Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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Rationally synthesized two-dimensional polymers. Nat Chem 2013; 5:453-65. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 800] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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47
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Yang H, Liu Z, Zhang W. Multidentate Triphenolsilane-Based Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201201105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Song S, Zheng YS. Hollow Spheres Self-Assembled by a Tetraphenylethylene Macrocycle and Their Transformation to Bird Nests under Ultrasound. Org Lett 2013; 15:820-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3035005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yan-Song Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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