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Kim MS, Almuslem AS, Babatain W, Bahabry RR, Das UK, El-Atab N, Ghoneim M, Hussain AM, Kutbee AT, Nassar J, Qaiser N, Rojas JP, Shaikh SF, Torres Sevilla GA, Hussain MM. Beyond Flexible: Unveiling the Next Era of Flexible Electronic Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406424. [PMID: 39390819 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Flexible electronics are integral in numerous domains such as wearables, healthcare, physiological monitoring, human-machine interface, and environmental sensing, owing to their inherent flexibility, stretchability, lightweight construction, and low profile. These systems seamlessly conform to curvilinear surfaces, including skin, organs, plants, robots, and marine species, facilitating optimal contact. This capability enables flexible electronic systems to enhance or even supplant the utilization of cumbersome instrumentation across a broad range of monitoring and actuation tasks. Consequently, significant progress has been realized in the development of flexible electronic systems. This study begins by examining the key components of standalone flexible electronic systems-sensors, front-end circuitry, data management, power management and actuators. The next section explores different integration strategies for flexible electronic systems as well as their recent advancements. Flexible hybrid electronics, which is currently the most widely used strategy, is first reviewed to assess their characteristics and applications. Subsequently, transformational electronics, which achieves compact and high-density system integration by leveraging heterogeneous integration of bare-die components, is highlighted as the next era of flexible electronic systems. Finally, the study concludes by suggesting future research directions and outlining critical considerations and challenges for developing and miniaturizing fully integrated standalone flexible electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sung Kim
- mmh Labs (DREAM), Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Amani S Almuslem
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Prince Faisal bin Fahd bin Abdulaziz Street, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wedyan Babatain
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rabab R Bahabry
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uttam K Das
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazek El-Atab
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ghoneim
- Logic Technology Development Quality and Reliability, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, 97124, USA
| | - Aftab M Hussain
- International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 032, India
| | - Arwa T Kutbee
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanna Nassar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Qaiser
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jhonathan P Rojas
- Electrical Engineering Department & Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Academic Belt Road, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Galo A Torres Sevilla
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad M Hussain
- mmh Labs (DREAM), Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
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Lee DE, Oh JH, Lee EK. Enhancing Stability of n-Type Doped Organic Semiconductors through Low Boiling Point Solvent-Assisted Room Temperature Drying. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:51221-51228. [PMID: 39283973 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of n-type organic semiconductors (OSCs) has been lagged behind that of p-type OSCs, mainly due to the limited availability of the electron deficient π-conjugated backbones and facile electron trapping by ambient oxidants. Improving the performance of n-type OSCs through n-doping is essential for realizing p-n junction diodes and complementary circuits. Conventional vacuum deposition doping is costly and time-consuming, while solution doping risks thermal damage through necessary annealing. Therefore, the development of a simpler, more affordable n-doping method is crucial. In this study, we have developed a solution-processed n-doping method using an organic cationic dye in a low boiling point solvent that can be dried at room temperature in 1 h, which eliminates the need for annealing. The effects of different organic cationic dyes and reducing agents on the n-type OSC were evaluated. After n-doping, electron mobility and photoresponsivity in the sample increased by 5.5 and 20 times, respectively, compared to undoped samples. Furthermore, there was no significant degradation in the electron mobility of the n-doped samples under ambient conditions after 15 days. Studying n-doping with various organic cationic dyes in different OSC materials, embracing further research into their applications and mechanisms, would advance the field of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kwang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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3
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Zhao Y, Sheng Q, Ke S, Wu R, He L, Ren X, Peng B, Li H. Direct Solution Deposition of Large-Area Non-Solvated Fullerene Single-Crystal Films for High-Performance n-Type Field-Effect Transistors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404770. [PMID: 39105335 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Fullerene (C60) crystals have attracted considerable attention in the field of optoelectronic devices owing to their excellent performance as n-type semiconductor material. However, a challenge still remains unbeaten as to the continuous crystallization of non-solvated C60 single-crystal films with high coverage and uniform alignment using low-cost solution techniques. Here, a facile bar coating method is used to prepare ribbon-shaped non-solvated C60 crystals with a large area (up to centimeters) and high coverage (>95%) by precisely controlling the crystallization process from specific solvents. Benefiting from the non-solvated crystalline structure, well-distributed thickness, uniform morphological alignment, and crystallographic orientation, organic field-effect transistors fabricated from the C60 single-crystal films exhibit a high average electron mobility of 2.28 cm2 V-1s-1, along with the coefficient of variance (CV) as small as 13.6%. This efficient manufacturing method will lay a strong foundation for C60 single-crystal films to fit into the future high-performance integrated optoelectronic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyue Sheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shifeng Ke
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ruihan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lihua He
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Boyu Peng
- State Key Laboratory (SKL) of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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Watanabe S, Ono K, Nakayama R, Tajiri K, Inouchi S, Matsuo T, Kunitake M, Hayashi S. Phase Diagrams of Anthracene Derivatives in Pyridinium Ionic Liquids. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300867. [PMID: 38514906 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Crystal engineering for single crystallization of π-conjugated molecules has attracted much attention because of their electronic, photonic, and mechanical properties. However, reproducibility is a problem in conventional printing techniques because control of solvent evaporation is difficult. We investigated the phase diagrams of two anthracene derivatives in synthesized ionic liquids for non-volatile crystal engineering to determine the critical points for nucleation and crystal growth. Anthracene and 9,10-dibromoanthracene were used as representative π-conjugated molecules that form crystal structures with different packing types. Ionic liquids with an alkylpyridinium cation and bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide were good solvents for the anthracene derivatives from ca. 0 °C to 200 °C. The solubilities (critical points for crystal growth) of the anthracene derivatives in the ionic liquids reached the 100 mM level, which is similar to those in organic solvents. Ionic liquids with phenyl and octyl groups tended to show high-temperature dependence (a high dissolution entropy) with 9,10-dibromoanthracene. The precipitation temperature (critical point for crystal nucleation) at each 9,10-dibromoanthracene concentration was lower than the dissolution temperature. The differences between the dissolution and precipitation temperatures (supersaturated region) in the ionic liquids were greater than those in an organic solvent.
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Grants
- 21H01239 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology
- 22H01814 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology
- 22K14671 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology
- JPNP18016 New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
- JPNP20004 New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
- Toshiaki Ogasawara Memorial Foundation in Japan
- JPMJFR211W Japan Science and Technology Agency
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Watanabe
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Naitonal Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, Nishikioka 443, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, 059-1275, Japan
| | - Keigo Ono
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Rinsuke Nakayama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kaho Tajiri
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shun Inouchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takumi Matsuo
- Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
| | - Masashi Kunitake
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hayashi
- Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
- Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
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5
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Gao C, Li C, Yang Y, Jiang Z, Xue X, Chenchai K, Liao J, Shangguan Z, Wu C, Zhang X, Jia D, Zhang F, Liu G, Zhang G, Zhang D. Nonhalogenated Solvent Processable and High-Density Photopatternable Polymer Semiconductors Enabled by Incorporating Hydroxyl Groups in the Side Chains. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309256. [PMID: 38479377 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Polymer semiconductors hold tremendous potential for applications in flexible devices, which is however hindered by the fact that they are usually processed by halogenated solvents rather than environmentally more friendly solvents. An effective strategy to boost the solubility of high-performance polymer semiconductors in nonhalogenated solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) by appending hydroxyl groups in the side chains is herein presented. The results show that hydroxyl groups, which can be easily incorporated into the side chains, can significantly improve the solubility of typical p- and n-types as well as ambipolar polymer semiconductors in THF. Meanwhile, the thin films of these polymer semiconductors from the respective THF solutions show high charge mobilities. With THF as the processing and developing solvents these polymer semiconductors with hydroxyl groups in the side chains can be well photopatterned in the presence of the photo-crosslinker, and the charge mobilities of the patterned thin films are mostly maintained by comparing with those of the respective pristine thin films. Notably, THF is successfully utilized as the processing and developing solvent to achieve high-density photopatterning with ≈82 000 device arrays cm-2 for polymer semiconductors in which hydroxyl groups are appended in the side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenying Gao
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ziling Jiang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaiyuan Chenchai
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junchao Liao
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Changchun Wu
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Di Jia
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guoming Liu
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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6
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Yu Y, Xia XY, Xu CF, Lv ZJ, Wang XD, Liao LS. Customizable Organic Charge-Transfer Cocrystals for the Dual-Mode Optoelectronics in the NIR (II) Window. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11845-11854. [PMID: 38648548 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Organic molecules have been regarded as ideal candidates for near-infrared (NIR) optoelectronic active materials due to their customizability and ease of large-scale production. However, constrained by the intricate molecular design and severe energy gap law, the realization of optoelectronic devices in the second near-infrared (NIR (II)) region with required narrow band gaps presents more challenges. Herein, we have originally proposed a cocrystal strategy that utilizes intermolecular charge-transfer interaction to drive the redshift of absorption and emission spectra of a series BFXTQ (X = 0, 1, 2, 4) cocrystals, resulting in the spectra located at NIR (II) window and reducing the optical bandgap to ∼0.98 eV. Significantly, these BFXTQ-based optoelectronic devices can exhibit dual-mode optoelectronic characteristics. An investigation of a series of BFXTQ-based photodetectors exhibits detectivity (D*) surpassing 1013 Jones at 375 to 1064 nm with a maximum of 1.76 × 1014 Jones at 1064 nm. Moreover, the radiative transition of CT excitons within the cocrystals triggers NIR emission over 1000 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of ∼4.6% as well as optical waveguide behavior with a low optical-loss coefficient of 0.0097 dB/μm at 950 nm. These results promote the advancement of an emerging cocrystal approach in micro/nanoscale NIR multifunctional optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xing-Yu Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chao-Fei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhao-Ji Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
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7
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Zhang D, Li C, Zhang G, Tian J, Liu Z. Phototunable and Photopatternable Polymer Semiconductors. Acc Chem Res 2024. [PMID: 38295316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusIn recent decades, there has been rapid development in the field of polymer semiconductors, particularly those based on conjugated donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers exhibiting high charge mobilities. Furthermore, the application of polymer semiconductors has been successfully extended to a wide range of functional devices, including sensors, photodetectors, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, electronic paper, skin electronics, and artificial synapses. Over the past few years, there has been a growing focus on stimuli-responsive polymer semiconductors, which have the potential to impart additional functionalities to conventional field-effect transistors, garnering increased attention within the research community. In this context, phototunable polymer semiconductors have received significant attention due to their ability to utilize light as an external stimulus, enabling remote control of device performance with high spatiotemporal resolution. Meanwhile, integration of field-effect transistors with polymer semiconductors can enable the realization of complex functions. To achieve this, precise and controllable patterning of polymer semiconductors becomes essential. In this Account, we discuss our research findings in the context of phototunable and photopatternable polymer semiconductors. These developments encompass the following key aspects: (i) polymer semiconductors, such as poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole-quaterthiophene) (PDPP4T), exhibit phototunability when blended with the photochromic compound hexaarylbiimidazole (HABI). The photo/thermal-responsive field-effect transistors (FETs) can be fabricated using blending thin films. Remarkably, these photo/thermal-responsive transistors can function as photonically programmable and thermally erasable nonvolatile memory devices. (ii) By incorporating photoswitchable groups like azo and spiropyran into the side chains of conjugated D-A polymers, we can create phototunable polymer semiconductors. The reversible isomerization of azo and spiropyran groups significantly influences the charge transport properties of these polymer semiconductors. Consequently, the performance of the resulting FETs can be reversibly tuned through UV/visible or near-infrared light (NIR) irradiation. Notably, the incorporation of two distinct azo groups into the side chains leads to polymer semiconductors with tristable semiconducting states, offering the ability to logically control device performance using light irradiation at three different wavelengths. (iii) Photopatterning of p-type, n-type, and ambipolar semiconductors featuring alkyl side chains can be achieved using a diazirine-based, four-armed photo-cross-linker (4CNN) with a loading concentration of no more than 3% (w/w). Furthermore, the semiconducting performances of FETs with patterned thin films were found to be satisfactorily uniform. Importantly, the cross-linked thin films are robust and show good resistance to organic solvents, which is useful for fabricating all-solution processable multilayer electronic devices. (iv) The introduction of azide groups into the side chains of conjugated polymers results in a single-component semiconducting photoresist. The presence of azide groups renders the side chains with photo-cross-linking ability, enabling the successful formation of uniform patterns, even as small as 5 μm, under UV light irradiation. Benefiting from the single component feature, field-effect transistors with individual patterned thin films display satisfactorily uniform performances. Moreover, this semiconducting photoresist has proven effective for efficiently photopatterning other polymer semiconductors, demonstrating its versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianwu Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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8
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Sheng Q, Peng B, Ji C, Li H. Enhancing the Uniformity of Organic Field-Effect Transistors by a Single-Crystalline Layer-Controlled Active Channel. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304736. [PMID: 37494287 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite remarkable improvement in the mobility of the organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) being achieved in past decades, the uniformity in electrical performance remains ambiguous, impeding their implantation in organic integrated circuits. The coefficient of variance (CV) in mobility of reported OFETs is typically larger than 8%, which is not adequate for building medium-to-large scale integrated circuits. In this work, it is shown that utilizing single-domain molecular monolayer crystals as the active channel can largely enhance the uniformity of OFETs. Benefiting from the sole molecular layer with long-range ordering, the OFETs exhibit uniformities in both channel transport and charge injection, thereby giving rise to a high average mobility of 11.64 cm2 V-1 s-1 and CV of only 2.57%. Statistical transmission length method evaluation is conducted, covering channel length from 3 to 21 µm, channel width from 90 to 170 µm, and a total OFET number of 370. The low contact resistance of 79.00 ± 7.00 Ω cm and high intrinsic mobility of 12.36 ± 0.45 cm2 V-1 s-1 are acquired with very high accuracy and reliability. As such, this work provides a practical way to enhance the uniformity of OFETs by a single-crystalline layer-controlled active channel toward their applications in integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Sheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Boyu Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chong Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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9
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Zhou Y, Zhang K, Chen Z, Zhang H. Molecular Design Concept for Enhancement Charge Carrier Mobility in OFETs: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6645. [PMID: 37895626 PMCID: PMC10607980 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have garnered increasing attention from the scientific and industrial communities. The performance of OFETs can be evaluated based on three factors: the charge transport mobility (μ), threshold voltage (Vth), and current on/off ratio (Ion/off). To enhance μ, numerous studies have concentrated on optimizing charge transport within the semiconductor layer. These efforts include: (i) extending π-conjugation, enhancing molecular planarity, and optimizing donor-acceptor structures to improve charge transport within individual molecules; and (ii) promoting strong aggregation, achieving well-ordered structures, and reducing molecular distances to enhance charge transport between molecules. In order to obtain a high charge transport mobility, the charge injection from the electrodes into the semiconductor layer is also important. Since a suitable frontier molecular orbitals' level could align with the work function of the electrodes, in turn forming an Ohmic contact at the interface. OFETs are classified into p-type (hole transport), n-type (electron transport), and ambipolar-type (both hole and electron transport) based on their charge transport characteristics. As of now, the majority of reported conjugated materials are of the p-type semiconductor category, with research on n-type or ambipolar conjugated materials lagging significantly behind. This review introduces the molecular design concept for enhancing charge carrier mobility, addressing both within the semiconductor layer and charge injection aspects. Additionally, the process of designing or converting the semiconductor type is summarized. Lastly, this review discusses potential trends in evolution and challenges and provides an outlook; the ultimate objective is to outline a theoretical framework for designing high-performance organic semiconductors that can advance the development of OFET applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haichang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education, Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.)
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10
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Wu Z, Liu W, Yang X, Li W, Zhao L, Chi K, Xiao X, Yan Y, Zeng W, Liu Y, Chen H, Zhao Y. An In-Situ Cyanidation Strategy To Access Tetracyanodiacenaphthoanthracene Diimides with High Electron Mobilities Exceeding 10 cm 2 V -1 s -1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307695. [PMID: 37394618 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A family of novel highly π-extended tetracyano-substituted acene diimides, named as tetracyanodiacenaphthoanthracene diimides (TCDADIs), have been synthesized using a facile four-fold Knoevenagel condensation strategy. Unlike conventional cyano substitution reactions, our approach enables access to a large π-conjugated backbone with the in-situ formation of four cyano substitutents at room temperature while avoiding extra cyano-functionalization reactions. TCDADIs decorated with different N-alkyl substituents present good solubility, near-coplanar backbones, good crystallinity, and low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies of -4.33 eV, all of which contribute to desirable electron-transport performance when applied in organic field-effect transistors (OFET). The highest electron mobility of an OFET based on a 2-hexyldecyl-substituted TCDADI single crystal reaches 12.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is not only among the highest values for the reported n-type organic semiconductor materials (OSMs) but also exceeds that of most n-type OSMs decorated with imide units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Lingli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chi
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yongkun Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Weixuan Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Huajie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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11
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Ren CY, Paudel RK, Chang YC. Density Functional Theory for Buckyballs within Symmetrized Icosahedral Basis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1912. [PMID: 37446428 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a highly efficient computation method based on density functional theory (DFT) within a set of fully symmetrized basis functions for the C60 buckyball, which possesses the icosahedral (Ih) point-group symmetry with 120 symmetry operations. We demonstrate that our approach is much more efficient than the conventional approach based on three-dimensional plane waves. When applied to the calculation of optical transitions, our method is more than one order of magnitude faster than the existing DFT package with a conventional plane-wave basis. This makes it very convenient for modeling optical and transport properties of quantum devices related to buckyball crystals. The method introduced here can be easily extended to other fullerene-like materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yuan Ren
- Department of Physics, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Raj Kumar Paudel
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Molecular Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan
| | - Yia-Chung Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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12
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Hayakawa M, Sunayama N, Takagi SI, Matsuo Y, Tamaki A, Yamaguchi S, Seki S, Fukazawa A. Flattened 1D fragments of fullerene C 60 that exhibit robustness toward multi-electron reduction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2741. [PMID: 37188690 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fullerenes are compelling molecular materials owing to their exceptional robustness toward multi-electron reduction. Although scientists have attempted to address this feature by synthesizing various fragment molecules, the origin of this electron affinity remains unclear. Several structural factors have been suggested, including high symmetry, pyramidalized carbon atoms, and five-membered ring substructures. To elucidate the role of the five-membered ring substructures without the influence of high symmetry and pyramidalized carbon atoms, we herein report the synthesis and electron-accepting properties of oligo(biindenylidene)s, a flattened one-dimensional fragment of fullerene C60. Electrochemical studies corroborated that oligo(biindenylidene)s can accept electrons up to equal to the number of five-membered rings in their main chains. Moreover, ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared absorption spectroscopy revealed that oligo(biindenylidene)s exhibit enhanced absorption covering the entire visible region relative to C60. These results highlight the significance of the pentagonal substructure for attaining stability toward multi-electron reduction and provide a strategy for the molecular design of electron-accepting π-conjugated hydrocarbons even without electron-withdrawing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hayakawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sunayama
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shu I Takagi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yu Matsuo
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Aiko Fukazawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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13
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Zhao X, Zhang H, Zhang J, Liu J, Lei M, Jiang L. Organic Semiconductor Single Crystal Arrays: Preparation and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300483. [PMID: 36967565 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of organic semiconductor single crystal (OSSC) arrays has recently attracted considerable interest given their potential applications in flexible displays, smart wearable devices, biochemical sensors, etc. Patterning of OSSCs is the prerequisite for the realization of organic integrated circuits. Patterned OSSCs can not only decrease the crosstalk between adjacent organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), but also can be conveniently integrated with other device elements which facilitate circuits application. Tremendous efforts have been devoted in the controllable preparation of OSSC arrays, and great progress has been achieved. In this review, the general strategies for patterning OSSCs are summarized, along with the discussion of the advantages and limitations of different patterning methods. Given the identical thickness of monolayer molecular crystals (MMCs) which is beneficial to achieve super uniformity of OSSC arrays and devices, patterning of MMCs is also emphasized. Then, OFET performance is summarized with comparison of the mobility and coefficient of variation based on the OSSC arrays prepared by different methods. Furthermore, advances of OSSC array-based circuits and flexible devices of different functions are highlighted. Finally, the challenges that need to be tackled in the future are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hantang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University & Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, 031000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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14
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Shi YB, Lv SH, Shao ZF, Dong HK, Cao S, Qian P. A first-principles study of 1D and 2D C 60nanostructures: strain effects on band alignments and carrier mobility. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:225701. [PMID: 36921348 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acc4a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the breakthrough progress made in the latest experiment Houet al(2022Nature606507), 2DC60polymer was exfoliated from the quasi-hexagonal bulk crystals. BulkC60polymer with quasi-tetragonal phase was found to easily form 1D fullerene structure withC60molecules connected by C=C. Inspired by the experiment, we investigate the strain behaviors of 1D and 2DC60polymers by first-principles calculations. Some physical properties of these low dimensionalC60polymers, including structural stability, elastic behavior, band alignment and carrier mobility, are predicted. Compared with fullereneC60molecule, 1D and 2DC60polymers are metastable. At absolute zero temperature, 1DC60bears a uniaxial tensile strain less than 11.5%, and 2D monolayerC60withstands a biaxial tensile strain less than 7.5%. At 300 K,ab initiomolecular dynamics confirm that they can withstand the strains of 9% and 5%, respectively. Strain engineering can adjust the absolute position of the band edge. In the absence of strain, carrier mobility is predicted to beµe= 398 andµh= 322cm2V-1s-1for 1DC60polymer, andμe,x=74/μe,y= 34cm2V-1s-1andμh,x=646/μh,y= 1487cm2V-1s-1for 2DC60polymer. Compared with other carbon based semiconductors, theseC60polymers exhibit high effective mass, resulting in low mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bo Shi
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Han Lv
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Feng Shao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Kuan Dong
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Corrosion and Protection Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Qian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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15
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Liu H, Liu D, Yang J, Gao H, Wu Y. Flexible Electronics Based on Organic Semiconductors: from Patterned Assembly to Integrated Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206938. [PMID: 36642796 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic flexible electronic devices are at the forefront of the electronics as they possess the potential to bring about a major lifestyle revolution owing to outstanding properties of organic semiconductors, including solution processability, lightweight and flexibility. For the integration of organic flexible electronics, the precise patterning and ordered assembly of organic semiconductors have attracted wide attention and gained rapid developments, which not only reduces the charge crosstalk between adjacent devices, but also enhances device uniformity and reproducibility. This review focuses on recent advances in the design, patterned assembly of organic semiconductors, and flexible electronic devices, especially for flexible organic field-effect transistors (FOFETs) and their multifunctional applications. First, typical organic semiconductor materials and material design methods are introduced. Based on these organic materials with not only superior mechanical properties but also high carrier mobility, patterned assembly strategies on flexible substrates, including one-step and two-step approaches are discussed. Advanced applications of flexible electronic devices based on organic semiconductor patterns are then highlighted. Finally, future challenges and possible directions in the field to motivate the development of the next generation of flexible electronics are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Liu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Junchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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16
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Frisch S, Neiß C, Lindenthal S, Zorn NF, Rominger F, Görling A, Zaumseil J, Kivala M. Tetra(peri-naphthylene)anthracene: A Near-IR Fluorophore with Four-Stage Amphoteric Redox Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203101. [PMID: 36287191 PMCID: PMC10107686 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel, benign synthetic strategy towards soluble tetra(peri-naphthylene)anthracene (TPNA) decorated with triisopropylsilylethynyl substituents has been established. The compound is perfectly stable under ambient conditions in air and features intense and strongly bathochromically shifted UV/vis absorption and emission bands reaching to near-IR region beyond 900 nm. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed four facilitated reversible redox events comprising two oxidations and two reductions. These remarkable experimental findings were corroborated by theoretical studies to identify the TPNA platform a particularly useful candidate for the development of functional near-IR fluorophores upon appropriate functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Frisch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Neiß
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lindenthal
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas F Zorn
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Wang J, Wu L, Wang Q. Synthesis and Characterization of New Indeno[1,2- b]fluorene-6,12-dione Derivatives. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202206038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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18
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Soultati A, Tountas M, Armadorou KK, Yusoff ARBM, Vasilopoulou M, Nazeeruddin MK. Synthetic approaches for perovskite thin films and single-crystals. ENERGY ADVANCES 2023; 2:1075-1115. [DOI: 10.1039/d3ya00098b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are compelling candidates for the next generation of photovoltaic technologies owing to an unprecedented increase in power conversion efficiency and their low cost, facile fabrication and outstanding semiconductor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Soultati
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
| | - Marinos Tountas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71410 Heraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantina K. Armadorou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
| | - Abd. Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
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19
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Bao L, Xu T, Guo K, Huang W, Lu X. Supramolecular Engineering of Crystalline Fullerene Micro-/Nano-Architectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200189. [PMID: 35213750 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fullerenes are a molecular form of carbon allotrope and bear certain solubility, which allow the supramolecular assembly of fullerene molecules-also together with other complementary compound classes-via solution-based wet processes. By well-programmed organizing these building blocks and precisely modulating over the assembly process, supramolecularly assembled fullerene micro-/nano-architectures (FMNAs) are obtained. These FMNAs exhibit remarkably enhanced functions as well as tunable morphologies and dimensions at different size scales, leading to their applications in diverse fields. In this review, both traditional and newly developed assembly strategies are reviewed, with an emphasis on the morphological evolution mechanism of FMNAs. The discussion is then focused on how to precisely regulate the dimensions and morphologies to generate functional FMNAs through solvent engineering, co-crystallization, surfactant incorporation, or post-fabrication treatment. In addition to C60 -based FMNAs, this review particularly focuses on recently fabricated FMNAs comprising higher fullerenes (e.g., C70 ) and metallofullerenes. Meanwhile, an overview of the property modulation is presented and multidisciplinary applications of FMNAs in various fields are summarized, including sensors, optoelectronics, biomedicines, and energy. At the end, the prospects for future research, application opportunities, and challenges associated with FMNAs are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipiao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wenhuan Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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20
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Zhao Y, Wang W, He Z, Peng B, Di CA, Li H. High-performance and multifunctional organic field-effect transistors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Solvated C70 single crystals for organic field effect transistors. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Lv Q, Zheng M, Wang XD, Liao LS. Low-Dimensional Organic Crystals: From Precise Synthesis to Advanced Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203961. [PMID: 36057992 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional organic crystals (LOCs) have attracted increasing attention recently for their potential applications in miniaturized optoelectronics and integrated photonics. Such applications are possible owing to their tunable physicochemical properties and excellent charge/photon transport features. As a result, the precise synthesis of LOCs has been examined in terms of morphology modulation, large-area pattern arrays, and complex architectures, and this has led to a series of appealing structure-dependent properties for future optoelectronic applications. This review summarizes the recent advances in the precise synthesis of LOCs in addition to discussing their structure-property relationships in the context of optoelectronic applications. It also presents the current challenges related to organic crystals with specific structures and desired performances, and the outlook regarding their use in next-generation integrated optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lv
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Research Center of Cooperative Innovation for Functional Organic/Polymer Material Micro/Nanofabrication, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Min Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Research Center of Cooperative Innovation for Functional Organic/Polymer Material Micro/Nanofabrication, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
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23
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Nakayama Y, Tsuruta R, Koganezawa T. 'Molecular Beam Epitaxy' on Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals: Characterization of Well-Defined Molecular Interfaces by Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Diffraction Techniques. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7119. [PMID: 36295203 PMCID: PMC9605552 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial growth, often termed "epitaxy", is one of the most essential techniques underpinning semiconductor electronics, because crystallinities of the materials seriously dominate operation efficiencies of the electronic devices such as power gain/consumption, response speed, heat loss, and so on. In contrast to already well-established epitaxial growth methodologies for inorganic (covalent or ionic) semiconductors, studies on inter-molecular (van der Waals) epitaxy for organic semiconductors is still in the initial stage. In the present review paper, we briefly summarize recent works on the epitaxial inter-molecular junctions built on organic semiconductor single-crystal surfaces, particularly on single crystals of pentacene and rubrene. Experimental methodologies applicable for the determination of crystal structures of such organic single-crystal-based molecular junctions are also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Nakayama
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Division of Colloid and Interface Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Research Group for Advanced Energy Conversion, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tsuruta
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koganezawa
- Industrial Application Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
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24
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Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Li X, Guo Y, Cao S, Gao H, Wu Y, Jiang L. Organic Single-Crystalline Microwire Arrays toward High-Performance Flexible Near-Infrared Phototransistors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203429. [PMID: 36084233 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible organic near-infrared (NIR) phototransistors hold promising prospects for potential applications such as noninvasive bioimaging, health monitoring, and biometric authentication. For integrated circuits of high-performance devices, organic single-crystalline micro-/nanostructures with precise positioning are prominently anticipated. However, the manufacturing of organic single-crystalline arrays remains a conundrum due to difficulties encountered in patterning arrays of dewetting processes at micron-scale confined space and modulating the dewetting dynamics. Herein, we utilize a capillary-bridge lithography strategy to fabricate organic 1D arrays with high quality, homogeneous size, and deterministic location toward high-performance flexible organic NIR phototransistors. Regular micro-liquid stripes and unidirectional dewetting are synchronously achieved by adapting micropillar templates with asymmetric wettability. As a result, high-throughput 1D arrays based organic field-effect transistors exhibit high electron mobility up to 9.82 cm2 V-1 s-1 . Impressively, flexible NIR phototransistors also show outstanding photoelectronic performances with a photosensitivity of 9.87 × 105 , a responsivity of 1.79 × 104 A W-1 , and a specific detectivity of 3.92 × 1014 Jones. This work paves a novel way to pattern high-throughput organic single-crystalline microarrays toward flexible NIR organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Yangwu Guo
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics of TCM Clinical Unit, the Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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25
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Ando T, Shimizu N, Yamamoto N, Matsuzawa NN, Maeshima H, Kaneko H. Design of Molecules with Low Hole and Electron Reorganization Energy Using DFT Calculations and Bayesian Optimization. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6336-6347. [PMID: 36053017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Materials exhibiting higher mobility than conventional organic semiconducting materials, such as fullerenes and fused thiophenes, are in high demand for applications in printed electronics. To discover new molecules that might show improved charge mobility, the adaptive design of experiments (DoE) to design molecules with low reorganization energy was performed by combining density functional theory (DFT) methods and machine learning techniques. DFT-calculated values of 165 molecules were used as an initial training dataset for a Gaussian process regression (GPR) model, and five rounds of molecular designs applying the GPR model and validation via DFT calculations were executed. As a result, new molecules whose reorganization energy is smaller than the lowest value in the initial training dataset were successfully discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhito Ando
- Engineering Division, Panasonic Industry Co., Ltd., Kadoma, Osaka 571-8506, Japan
| | - Naoto Shimizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Norihisa Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki N Matsuzawa
- Engineering Division, Panasonic Industry Co., Ltd., Kadoma, Osaka 571-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Maeshima
- Engineering Division, Panasonic Industry Co., Ltd., Kadoma, Osaka 571-8506, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kaneko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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26
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Chao Y, Thikekar TU, Fang W, Chang R, Xu J, Ouyang N, Xu J, Gao Y, Guo M, Zuilhof H, Sue ACH. "Rim-Differentiated" Pillar[6]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204589. [PMID: 35451151 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A "rim-differentiated" pillar[6]arene (RD-P[6]) was obtained successfully, with the assistance of a dimeric silver trifluoroacetate template, among eight different constitutional isomers in a direct and regioselective manner. The solid-state conformation of this macrocycle could switch from the 1,3,5-alternate to a truly rim-differentiated one upon guest inclusion. This highly symmetric RD-P[6] not only hosts metal-containing molecules inside its cavity, but also can form a pillar[6]arene-C60 adduct through co-crystallization on account of donor-acceptor interactions. The development of synthetic strategies to desymmetrize pillararenes offers new opportunities for engineering complex molecular architectures and organic electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chao
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Tushar Ulhas Thikekar
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wangjian Fang
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Rong Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Xu
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Nianfeng Ouyang
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Minjie Guo
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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27
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Li H, Wang S, Liu X, Wu F, Zhang Q, Yuan J, Ma W, Han Y. Crystals Array via Oriented Nucleation and Growth Induced by Smectic E Mesophase of C7-T-BTBT. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Jiang W, Yu X, Li C, Zhang X, Zhang G, Liu Z, Zhang D. Fluoro-substituted DPP-bisthiophene conjugated polymer with azides in the side chains as ambipolar semiconductor and photoresist. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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29
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New Opportunities for Organic Semiconducting Polymers in Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142960. [PMID: 35890734 PMCID: PMC9318588 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The life expectancy of humans has been significantly elevated due to advancements in medical knowledge and skills over the past few decades. Although a lot of knowledge and skills are disseminated to the general public, electronic devices that quantitatively diagnose one’s own body condition still require specialized semiconductor devices which are huge and not portable. In this regard, semiconductor materials that are lightweight and have low power consumption and high performance should be developed with low cost for mass production. Organic semiconductors are one of the promising materials in biomedical applications due to their functionalities, solution-processability and excellent mechanical properties in terms of flexibility. In this review, we discuss organic semiconductor materials that are widely utilized in biomedical devices. Some advantageous and unique properties of organic semiconductors compared to inorganic semiconductors are reviewed. By critically assessing the fabrication process and device structures in organic-based biomedical devices, the potential merits and future aspects of the organic biomedical devices are pinpointed compared to inorganic devices.
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Wakahara T, Nagaoka K, Hirata C, Miyazawa K, Fujii K, Matsushita Y, Ito O, Takagi M, Shimazaki T, Tachikawa M, Wada Y, Yagyu S, Liu Y, Nakajima Y, Tsukagoshi K. Fullerene C 70/porphyrin hybrid nanoarchitectures: single-cocrystal nanoribbons with ambipolar charge transport properties. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19548-19553. [PMID: 35865602 PMCID: PMC9258400 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02669d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, supramolecular cocrystals containing organic donors and acceptors have been explored as active components in organic field-effect transistors (FETs). Herein, we report the synthesis of novel single-cocrystal nanoribbons with ambipolar charge transport characteristics from C70 and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)porphyrin (3,5-TPP) in a 3 : 2 ratio. The C70/3,5-TPP nanoribbons exhibited a new strong absorption band in the near-infrared region, indicating the presence of charge-transfer interactions between C70 and 3,5-TPP in the cocrystals. We elucidated the mechanism of the charge-transport properties of the nanoribbons using photoemission yield spectroscopy in air and theoretical calculations. A strong interaction between porphyrins in the one-dimensional porphyrin chains formed in C70/3,5-TPP nanoribbons, which was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, plays a crucial role in their hole transport properties. The one-dimensional porphyrin chains in the cocrystal play a very important role in the hole transport properties of C70/porphyrin nanoribbons.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatsugu Wakahara
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Kahori Nagaoka
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Chika Hirata
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Kun'ichi Miyazawa
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Tokyo University of Science 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku Tokyo 125-8585 Japan
| | - Kazuko Fujii
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsushita
- Research Network and Facility Services Division, National Institute for Materials Science 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Makito Takagi
- Quantum Chemistry Division, Graduate School of NanoBioScience, Yokohama City University 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 236-0027 Japan
| | - Tomomi Shimazaki
- Quantum Chemistry Division, Graduate School of NanoBioScience, Yokohama City University 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 236-0027 Japan
| | - Masanori Tachikawa
- Quantum Chemistry Division, Graduate School of NanoBioScience, Yokohama City University 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 236-0027 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Wada
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Shinjiro Yagyu
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Yubin Liu
- RIKEN KEIKI Co., Ltd 2-7-6, Azusawa Itabashi-ku Tokyo 174-8744 Japan
| | | | - Kazuhito Tsukagoshi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
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31
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Wei Y, Geng Y, Wang K, Gao H, Wu Y, Jiang L. Organic ultrathin nanostructure arrays: materials, methods and applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2399-2411. [PMID: 36134127 PMCID: PMC9417106 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00863c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic ultrathin semiconductor nanostructures have attracted continuous attention in recent years owing to their excellent charge transport capability, favorable flexibility, solution-processability and adjustable photoelectric properties, providing opportunities for next-generation optoelectronic applications. For integrated electronics, organic ultrathin nanostructures need to be prepared as large-area patterns with precise alignment and high crystallinity to achieve organic electronic devices with high performance and high throughput. However, the fabrication of organic ultrathin nanostructure arrays still remains challenging due to uncontrollable growth along the height direction in solution processes. In this review, we first introduce the properties, assembly methods and applications of four typical organic ultrathin nanostructures, including small molecules, polymers, and other organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Five categories of representative solution-processing techniques for patterning organic micro- and nanostructures are summarized and discussed. Finally, challenges and perspectives in the controllable preparation of organic ultrathin arrays and potential applications are featured on the basis of their current development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wei
- Ji Hua Laboratory Foshan Guangdong 528200 P.R. China
| | - Yue Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- Ji Hua Laboratory Foshan Guangdong 528200 P.R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Ji Hua Laboratory Foshan Guangdong 528200 P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Ji Hua Laboratory Foshan Guangdong 528200 P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Ji Hua Laboratory Foshan Guangdong 528200 P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
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32
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Gao C, Shi D, Li C, Yu X, Zhang X, Liu Z, Zhang G, Zhang D. A Dual Functional Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymer as Single Component Semiconducting Photoresist by Appending Azide Groups in the Side Chains. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106087. [PMID: 35318828 PMCID: PMC9130897 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular systems that can function as photoresists are essential for the fabrication of flexible electronics through all-photolithographic processes. Most of the reported molecular systems for photo-patterning of polymeric semiconductors contain binary or multi-components. In comparison, single component semiconducting photoresist is advantageous since it will circumvent the optimization of phase separation and ensure the patterned semiconducting thin films to be more uniform. In this paper, a single component semiconducting photoresist (PDPP4T-N3 ) by incorporating azide groups into the branching alkyl chains of a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymer is reported. The results reveal that i) the azide groups make the side chains to be photo-cross-linkable; ii) uniform patterns with size as small as 5 µm form under mild UV irradiation (365 nm, 85 mW cm-2 ) at ambient conditions; iii) such photo-induced cross-linking does not affect the inter-chain packing; iv) benefiting from the single component feature, field-effect transistors (FETs) with the individual patterned thin films display satisfactorily uniform performances with average charge mobility of 0.61 ± 0.10 cm2 V-1 s-1 and threshold voltage of 3.49 ± 1.43 V. These results offer a simple yet effective design strategy for high-performance single component semiconducting photoresists, which hold great potentials for flexible electronics processed by all-photolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenying Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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33
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Chao Y, Thikekar TU, Fang W, Chang R, Xu J, Ouyang N, Xu J, Gao Y, Guo M, Zuilhof H, Sue ACH. "Rim‐Differentiated" Pillar[6]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chao
- Tianjin University School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology CHINA
| | | | - Wangjian Fang
- Tianjin University School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology CHINA
| | - Rong Chang
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jiong Xu
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Nianfeng Ouyang
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jun Xu
- Tianjin University School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Yan Gao
- Tianjin University School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Minjie Guo
- Tianjin University School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology CHINA
| | - Han Zuilhof
- WUR: Wageningen University & Research Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Andrew Chi-Hau Sue
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 422 Siming S. Rd.Siming Dist. 361005 Xiamen CHINA
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34
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Jiang H, Zhu S, Cui Z, Li Z, Liang Y, Zhu J, Hu P, Zhang HL, Hu W. High-performance five-ring-fused organic semiconductors for field-effect transistors. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3071-3122. [PMID: 35319036 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01136g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic molecular semiconductors have been paid great attention due to their advantages of low-temperature processability, low fabrication cost, good flexibility, and excellent electronic properties. As a typical example of five-ring-fused organic semiconductors, a single crystal of pentacene shows a high mobility of up to 40 cm2 V-1 s-1, indicating its potential application in organic electronics. However, the photo- and optical instabilities of pentacene make it unsuitable for commercial applications. But, molecular engineering, for both the five-ring-fused building block and side chains, has been performed to improve the stability of materials as well as maintain high mobility. Here, several groups (thiophenes, pyrroles, furans, etc.) are introduced to design and replace one or more benzene rings of pentacene and construct novel five-ring-fused organic semiconductors. In this review article, ∼500 five-ring-fused organic prototype molecules and their derivatives are summarized to provide a general understanding of this catalogue material for application in organic field-effect transistors. The results indicate that many five-ring-fused organic semiconductors can achieve high mobilities of more than 1 cm2 V-1 s-1, and a hole mobility of up to 18.9 cm2 V-1 s-1 can be obtained, while an electron mobility of 27.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 can be achieved in five-ring-fused organic semiconductors. The HOMO-LUMO levels, the synthesis process, the molecular packing, and the side-chain engineering of five-ring-fused organic semiconductors are analyzed. The current problems, conclusions, and perspectives are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Shengli Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Yanqin Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Jiamin Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Peng Hu
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. .,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
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35
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Chen N, Yu P, Guo K, Lu X. Rubrene-Directed Structural Transformation of Fullerene (C 60) Microsheets to Nanorod Arrays with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12060954. [PMID: 35335767 PMCID: PMC8953273 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures possess huge potential in electronics and optoelectronics, but the axial alignment of such 1D structures is still a challenging task. Herein, we report a simple method that enables two-dimensional (2D) C60 microsheets to evolve into highly ordered nanorod arrays using rubrene as a structure-directing agent. The structural transformation is accomplished by adding droplets of rubrene-m-xylene solution onto C60 microsheets and allowing the m-xylene solvent to evaporate naturally. In sharp contrast, when rubrene is absent from m-xylene, randomly oriented C60 nanorods are produced. Spectroscopic and microscopic characterizations collectively indicate a rather plausible transformation mechanism that the close lattice match allows the epitaxial growth of rubrene on C60 microsheets, followed by the reassembly of dissolved C60 along the aligned rubrene due to the intermolecular charge-transfer (CT) interactions, leading to the formation of ordered nanorod arrays. Due to the aligned structures and the CT interactions between rubrene and C60, the photocurrent density of the nanorod arrays is improved by 31.2% in the UV region relative to the randomly oriented counterpart. This work presents a facile and effective strategy for the construction of ordered fullerene nanorod arrays, providing new ideas for the alignment of fullerene and other relevant organic microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kun Guo
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Xing Lu
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (X.L.)
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36
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Liu J, Yu Y, Liu J, Li T, Li C, Zhang J, Hu W, Liu Y, Jiang L. Capillary-Confinement Crystallization for Monolayer Molecular Crystal Arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107574. [PMID: 34837661 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic single-crystalline semiconductors are highly desired for the fabrication of integrated electronic circuits, yet their uniform growth and efficient patterning is a huge challenge. Here, a general solution procedure named the "soft-template-assisted-assembly method" is developed to prepare centimeter-scale monolayer molecular crystal (MMC) arrays with precise regulation over their size and location via a capillary-confinement crystallization process. It is remarkable that the field-effect mobility of the array is highly uniform, with variation less than 4.4%, which demonstrates the most uniform organic single-crystal arrays ever reported so far. Simulations based on fluid dynamics are carried out to understand the function mechanism of this method. Thanks to the ultrasmooth crystalline orientation surface of MMCs, high-quality p-n heterojunction arrays can be prepared by weak epitaxy growth of n-type material atop the MMC. The p-n heterojunction field-effect transistors show ambipolar characteristics and the corresponding inverters constructed by these heterojunctions exhibit a competitive gain of 155. This work provides a general strategy to realize the preparation and application of logic complementary circuits based on patterned organic single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yamin Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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37
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Liu L, Yang Y, Wei Z. Chiral Organic Optoelectronic Materials and Circularly Polarized Light Luminescence and Detection. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22030123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Peng B, Wu R, Li H. Crystallization from a Droplet: Single-Crystalline Arrays and Heterojunctions for Organic Electronics. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4498-4507. [PMID: 34866378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusSingle crystals of organic semiconductors (OSCs) are believed to have both high mobility and intrinsic flexibility, making them promising candidates for flexible electronic/optoelectronic applications and being consistently pursued by researchers. The van der Waals force in OSC enables low-temperature solution processing of single crystals, but the relatively weak binding energy brings challenges in forming large, uniform, and defect-free single crystals. To promote the study on OSC single crystals, a generalized method that grows high-quality crystals in an easy-to-handle, time/resource-saving, and repeatable manner is apparently necessary. In 2012, Li et al. developed a droplet-pinned crystallization (DPC) method that uses a rather simple strategy to create a steadily receding contact line for the growth of OSC single crystals. Instead of setting up expensive equipment, controlling strict deposition parameters, or waiting for days or weeks for countable crystal seeds, the DPC method offers a time- and cost-effective way to obtain OSC single crystals for further study of the tendency of crystallization, single-crystal mobility, and molecular packing information. The DPC method is primarily a powerful tool for studying the charge-transport mechanisms in OSC single crystals. In pioneering work, high-mobility single crystals of both p-type 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-PEN) and n-type C60 materials were obtained. Driven by the demands from practical applications, we then focused on the general lagging of electron mobility in OSC materials. The ambipolar property of TIPS-PEN was studied, and a strong correlation between electron mobility and polar species (polar solvent residuals and surface hydroxyl groups) was observed. The latter further guided the harvest of electron mobility in a series of OSC materials. Undoubtfully, the facile DPC method accelerated these studies by providing a time-efficient, reliable, and repeatable testing platform. Additionally, flexibility on OSC materials and solvents, where not only one-component but also binary systems were allowed, is another critical integrity of the DPC method. The m-xylene/carbon tetrachloride binary solvent was proven to be efficient for growing ribbon-like C60 single crystals rather than needle-like crystals from typical one-component solvents. Afterward, a variety of OSC materials (including p-type, n-type, and ambipolar ones) and a series of solvents (including aromatic, aliphatic, and polar ones) were studied. The crystallization of OSC single crystals was primarily found at either the top liquid-air interface or the bottom solid-liquid interface. The interactions between OSC molecules and substrate surfaces were deduced as the qualitative determining factor. By utilizing the top interface crystallization, the two-step sequential deposition of single-crystalline OSC heterojunctions was enabled. Moreover, by selecting appropriate pairs of OSC materials that crystallize at separate interfaces, the facile one-step formation of single-crystalline OSC heterojunctions was achieved. The OSC single crystals and heterojunctions (including horizontal, vertical, and bulk heterojunctions) thereof exhibit promising potentials in circuits, photovoltaics, and photodiodes and would probably provide new insights for the future development of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ruihan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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39
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Chen N, Shen Y, Xu T, Shen W, Lu X. Morphology Engineering of Fullerene (C 60 ) Microstructures Featuring Surface Cracks with Enhanced Photoluminescence and Microscopic Recognition Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:16212-16218. [PMID: 34549465 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Surface cracks could improve the optical and photoelectronic properties of crystalline materials as they increase specific surface area, but the controlled self-assembly of fullerene (C60 ) molecules into micro-/nanostructures with surface cracks is still challenging. Herein, we report the morphology engineering of novel C60 microstructures bearing surface cracks for the first time, selecting phenetole and propan-1-ol (NPA) as good and poor solvents, respectively. Our systematic investigations reveal that phenetole molecules initially participate in the formation of the ends of the C60 microstructures, and then NPA molecules are involved in the gradual growth of the sidewalls of the microstructures. Therefore, the surface cracks of C60 microstructures can be finely regulated by adjusting the addition of NPA and the crystallization time. Interestingly, the cracked C60 microstructures show superior photoluminescence properties relative to the smooth microstructures due to the increased specific surface area. In addition, C60 microstructures with wide cracks show preferential recognition of silica particles over C60 particles owing to electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged C60 microstructures and the positively charged silica microparticles. These C60 crystals with surface cracks have potential applications from optoelectronics to biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and, Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanglin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and, Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and, Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wangqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and, Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and, Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Yang Y, Juríček M. Fullerene Wires Assembled Inside Carbon Nanohoops. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100468. [PMID: 34825520 PMCID: PMC9298906 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-nanohoop structures featuring one or more round-shaped cavities represent ideal supramolecular hosts for spherical fullerenes, with potential to form host-guest complexes that perform as organic semiconductors in the solid state. Due to the tight complexation between the shape-complementary hosts and guests, carbon nanohoops have the potential to shield fullerenes from water and oxygen, known to perturb the electron-transport process. Many nanohoop receptors have been found to form host-guest complexes with fullerenes. However, there is only a little or no control over the long-range order of encapsulated fullerenes in the solid state. Consequently, the potential of these complexes to perform as organic semiconductors is rarely evaluated. Herein, we present a survey of all known nanohoop-fullerene complexes, for which the solid-state structures were obtained. We discuss and propose instances where the inclusion fullerene guests form discrete supramolecular wires, which might open up possibilities for their use in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
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Matsui J, Ebata K, Takeda M, Hua KN, Katagiri H, Nakayama K, Masuhara A, Yumusak C, Stadler P, Sharber MC, White MS, Sariciftci NS, Yoshida T, Furis M. Photoconductivity of Micrometer Long Organic Single Crystal Fiber Array Prepared by Evaporation‐Induced Self‐Assembled Method. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Matsui
- Faculty of Science Yamagata University 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi Yamagata 990-8560 Japan
| | - Kazuki Ebata
- Faculty of Science Yamagata University 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi Yamagata 990-8560 Japan
| | - Masaki Takeda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Kim Ngan Hua
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Program The University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
| | - Hiroshi Katagiri
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Ken‐ichi Nakayama
- Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Akito Masuhara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Cigdem Yumusak
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Physical Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstraße 69 Linz 4040 Austria
| | - Philipp Stadler
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Physical Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstraße 69 Linz 4040 Austria
| | - Markus Clark Sharber
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Physical Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstraße 69 Linz 4040 Austria
| | - Matthew Schuette White
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Program The University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Physical Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstraße 69 Linz 4040 Austria
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Madalina Furis
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Program The University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
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42
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Tsai EHR, Xia Y, Fukuto M, Loo YL, Li R. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction tomography for characterizing organic thin films. J Appl Crystallogr 2021; 54:1327-1339. [PMID: 34667445 PMCID: PMC8493617 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576721007184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of thin films is of paramount importance for evaluating material processing outcomes/efficiency as well as establishing structure-property/performance relationships. This article introduces grazing-incidence diffraction tomography (GID tomography), a technique that combines grazing-incidence X-ray scattering and computed tomography to quantitatively determine the dimension and orientation of crystalline domains in thin films without restrictions on the beam coherence, substrate type or film thickness. This computational method extends the capability of synchrotron beamlines by utilizing standard X-ray scattering experiment setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther H. R. Tsai
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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43
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Kousseff CJ, Halaksa R, Parr ZS, Nielsen CB. Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conduction in Small-Molecule Semiconductors. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4397-4419. [PMID: 34491034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule organic semiconductors have displayed remarkable electronic properties with a multitude of π-conjugated structures developed and fine-tuned over recent years to afford highly efficient hole- and electron-transporting materials. Already making a significant impact on organic electronic applications including organic field-effect transistors and solar cells, this class of materials is also now naturally being considered for the emerging field of organic bioelectronics. In efforts aimed at identifying and developing (semi)conducting materials for bioelectronic applications, particular attention has been placed on materials displaying mixed ionic and electronic conduction to interface efficiently with the inherently ionic biological world. Such mixed conductors are conveniently evaluated using an organic electrochemical transistor, which further presents itself as an ideal bioelectronic device for transducing biological signals into electrical signals. Here, we review recent literature relevant for the design of small-molecule mixed ionic and electronic conductors. We assess important classes of p- and n-type small-molecule semiconductors, consider structural modifications relevant for mixed conduction and for specific interactions with ionic species, and discuss the outlook of small-molecule semiconductors in the context of organic bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Kousseff
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Halaksa
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Zachary S Parr
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Christian B Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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44
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Marques G, Leswing K, Robertson T, Giesen D, Halls MD, Goldberg A, Marshall K, Staker J, Morisato T, Maeshima H, Arai H, Sasago M, Fujii E, Matsuzawa NN. De Novo Design of Molecules with Low Hole Reorganization Energy Based on a Quarter-Million Molecule DFT Screen. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7331-7343. [PMID: 34342466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Materials exhibiting higher mobilities than conventional organic semiconducting materials such as fullerenes and fused thiophenes are in high demand for applications in printed electronics. To discover new molecules in the heteroacene family that might show improved hole mobility, three de novo design methods were applied. Machine learning (ML) models were generated based on previously calculated hole reorganization energies of a quarter million examples of heteroacenes, where the energies were calculated by applying density functional theory (DFT) and a massive cloud computing environment. The three generative methods applied were (1) the continuous space method, where molecular structures are converted into continuous variables by applying the variational autoencoder/decoder technique; (2) the method based on reinforcement learning of SMILES strings (the REINVENT method); and (3) the junction tree variational autoencoder method that directly generates molecular graphs. Among the three methods, the second and third methods succeeded in obtaining chemical structures whose DFT-calculated hole reorganization energy was lower than the lowest energy in the training dataset. This suggests that an extrapolative materials design protocol can be developed by applying generative modeling to a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) utility function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Marques
- Schrödinger Inc., 120 West 45th Street, 17th Floor, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Karl Leswing
- Schrödinger Inc., 120 West 45th Street, 17th Floor, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Tim Robertson
- Schrödinger Inc., 120 West 45th Street, 17th Floor, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - David Giesen
- Schrödinger Inc., 120 West 45th Street, 17th Floor, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Mathew D Halls
- Schrödinger Inc., 10201 Wateridge Circle, Suite 220, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Alexander Goldberg
- Schrödinger Inc., 10201 Wateridge Circle, Suite 220, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kyle Marshall
- Schrödinger Inc., 101 SW Main Street, Suite 1300, Portland, Oregon 97204, United States
| | - Joshua Staker
- Schrödinger Inc., 101 SW Main Street, Suite 1300, Portland, Oregon 97204, United States
| | - Tsuguo Morisato
- Schrödinger Inc., 13th Floor, Marunouchi Trust Tower North Building, 1-8-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Maeshima
- Engineering Division, Industrial Solutions Company, Panasonic Corp., 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka 571-8506, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Arai
- Engineering Division, Industrial Solutions Company, Panasonic Corp., 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka 571-8506, Japan
| | - Masaru Sasago
- Engineering Division, Industrial Solutions Company, Panasonic Corp., 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka 571-8506, Japan
| | - Eiji Fujii
- Engineering Division, Industrial Solutions Company, Panasonic Corp., 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka 571-8506, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki N Matsuzawa
- Engineering Division, Industrial Solutions Company, Panasonic Corp., 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka 571-8506, Japan
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45
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Ren J, Liu Y, Li H. Incorporating polymers within a single‐crystal: From heterogeneous structure to multiple functions. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yujing Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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46
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Hirao T, Iwabe Y, Fujii N, Haino T. Helically Organized Fullerene Array in a Supramolecular Polymer Main Chain. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4339-4345. [PMID: 33705138 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To date, supramolecular chemistry techniques have been applied to fullerene polymer synthesis, enabling the development of main-chain fullerene polymers whose primary structure is well regulated, including linear, dendritic, and net-like fullerene arrays. These research achievements have led to an intriguing scientific challenge to create main-chain fullerene polymers with higher structural regulation. Here, we report the fabrication of a helically organized fullerene array based on the supramolecular polymerization of chiral ditopic tetrakiscalix[5]arene hosts and a dumbbell-shaped fullerene. The molecular association between the chiral hosts and the dumbbell-shaped fullerene resulted in sizable supramolecular polymers in solution, with the highest degree of polymerization of more than 32. The achiral dumbbell-shaped fullerene exhibited circular dichroism in the π-π* transition bands arising from the fullerene moieties through supramolecular polymerization. End-capping experiments of the supramolecular helical polymers showed that the chirally twisted conformation of the dumbbell-shaped fullerene was directed by supramolecular polymerization. Finally, the helical morphology of the supramolecular polymer chain was visualized by atomic force microscopy. The successful development of helical main-chain fullerene polymers would break new ground in fullerene chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Hirao
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Iwabe
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Naoka Fujii
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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47
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Lu K, Li X, Sun Q, Pang X, Chen J, Minari T, Liu X, Song Y. Solution-processed electronics for artificial synapses. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:447-470. [PMID: 34821264 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01520b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Artificial synaptic devices and systems have become hot topics due to parallel computing, high plasticity, integration of storage, and processing to meet the challenges of the traditional Von Neumann computers. Currently, two-terminal memristors and three-terminal transistors have been mainly developed for high-density storage with high switching speed and high reliability because of the adjustable resistivity, controllable ion migration, and abundant choices of functional materials and fabrication processes. To achieve the low-cost, large-scale, and easy-process fabrication, solution-processed techniques have been extensively employed to develop synaptic electronics towards flexible and highly integrated three-dimensional (3D) neural networks. Herein, we have summarized and discussed solution-processed techniques in the fabrication of two-terminal memristors and three-terminal transistors for the application of artificial synaptic electronics mainly reported in the recent five years from the view of fabrication processes, functional materials, electronic operating mechanisms, and system applications. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects were discussed in depth to promote solution-processed techniques in the future development of artificial synapse with high performance and high integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuakua Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
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48
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Cui C, Park DH, Ahn DJ. Organic Semiconductor-DNA Hybrid Assemblies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002213. [PMID: 33035387 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are photonic and electronic materials with high luminescence, quantum efficiency, color tunability, and size-dependent optoelectronic properties. The self-assembly of organic molecules enables the establishment of a fabrication technique for organic micro- and nano-architectures with well-defined shapes, tunable sizes, and defect-free structures. DNAs, a class of biomacromolecules, have recently been used as an engineering material capable of intricate nanoscale structuring while simultaneously storing biological genetic information. Here, the up-to-date research on hybrid materials made from organic semiconductors and DNAs is presented. The trends in photonic and electronic phenomena discovered in DNA-functionalized and DNA-driven organic semiconductor hybrids, comprising small molecules and polymers, are observed. Various hybrid forms of solutions, arrayed chips, nanowires, and crystalline particles are discussed, focusing on the role of DNA in the hybrids. Furthermore, the recent technical advances achieved in the integration of DNAs in light-emitting devices, transistors, waveguides, sensors, and biological assays are presented. DNAs not only serve as a recognizing element in organic-semiconductor-based sensors, but also as an active charge-control material in high-performance optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhi Cui
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Dong Hyuk Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - Dong June Ahn
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
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49
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang S, Huang J. OFET chemical sensors: Chemical sensors based on ultrathin organic field‐effect transistors. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Junyao Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
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Shen T, Zhou H, Liu X, Fan Y, Mishra DD, Fan Q, Yang Z, Wang X, Zhang M, Li J. Wettability Control of Interfaces for High-Performance Organic Thin-Film Transistors by Soluble Insulating Polymer Films. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10891-10899. [PMID: 32455209 PMCID: PMC7241009 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic small-molecule semiconductors have higher carrier mobility compared to polymer semiconductors, while the actual performances of these materials are susceptible to morphological defects and misalignment of crystalline grains. Here, a new strategy is explored to control the crystallization and morphologies of a solution-processed organic small-molecule semiconductor 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT) using soluble polymer films to control the wettability of substrates. Different from the traditional surface modification method, the polymer layer as a modification layer is soluble in the semiconductor solution during the fabrication of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). The dissolved polymer alters the state of the semiconductor solution, which in turn, changes the crystallographic morphologies of the semiconductor films. By controlling the solubility and thickness of the polymer modification layers, it is possible to regulate the grain boundary and domain size of C8-BTBT films, which determine the performances of OTFTs. The bottom-gate transistors modified by a thick PS layer exhibit a mobility of >7 cm2/V·s and an on/off ratio of >107. It is expected that this new modification method will be applicable to high-performance OTFTs based on other small molecular semiconductors and dielectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Hubei
Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials,
Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional
Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Hubei
Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials,
Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional
Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Hubei
Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials,
Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional
Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yue Fan
- Hubei
Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials,
Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional
Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Debesh Devadutta Mishra
- Hubei
Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials,
Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional
Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Hubei
Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials,
Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional
Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zilu Yang
- Hubei
Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials,
Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional
Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xianbao Wang
- Hubei
Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials,
Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional
Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School
of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Hubei
Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials,
Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional
Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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