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Marchesini M, Gherli A, Simoncini E, Tor LMD, Montanaro A, Thongon N, Vento F, Liverani C, Cerretani E, D'Antuono A, Pagliaro L, Zamponi R, Spadazzi C, Follini E, Cambò B, Giaimo M, Falco A, Sammarelli G, Todaro G, Bonomini S, Adami V, Piazza S, Corbo C, Lorusso B, Mezzasoma F, Lagrasta CAM, Martelli MP, La Starza R, Cuneo A, Aversa F, Mecucci C, Quaini F, Colla S, Roti G. Orthogonal proteogenomic analysis identifies the druggable PA2G4-MYC axis in 3q26 AML. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4739. [PMID: 38834613 PMCID: PMC11150407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of the ecotropic viral integration site-1 gene (EVI1/MECOM) marks the most lethal acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subgroup carrying chromosome 3q26 abnormalities. By taking advantage of the intersectionality of high-throughput cell-based and gene expression screens selective and pan-histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) emerge as potent repressors of EVI1. To understand the mechanism driving on-target anti-leukemia activity of this compound class, here we dissect the expression dynamics of the bone marrow leukemia cells of patients treated with HDACi and reconstitute the EVI1 chromatin-associated co-transcriptional complex merging on the role of proliferation-associated 2G4 (PA2G4) protein. PA2G4 overexpression rescues AML cells from the inhibitory effects of HDACis, while genetic and small molecule inhibition of PA2G4 abrogates EVI1 in 3q26 AML cells, including in patient-derived leukemia xenografts. This study positions PA2G4 at the crosstalk of the EVI1 leukemogenic signal for developing new therapeutics and urges the use of HDACis-based combination therapies in patients with 3q26 AML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- MDS1 and EVI1 Complex Locus Protein/metabolism
- MDS1 and EVI1 Complex Locus Protein/genetics
- Proteogenomics/methods
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Marchesini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics Laboratory, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Andrea Gherli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics Laboratory, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Simoncini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics Laboratory, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lucas Moron Dalla Tor
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics Laboratory, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Montanaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics Laboratory, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Natthakan Thongon
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Federica Vento
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics Laboratory, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Liverani
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Elisa Cerretani
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics Laboratory, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna D'Antuono
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics Laboratory, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Pagliaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics Laboratory, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Hematology and BMT Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Raffaella Zamponi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics Laboratory, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Spadazzi
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Elena Follini
- Hematology and BMT Unit, Azienda USL Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cambò
- Hematology and BMT Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Giaimo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics Laboratory, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Hematology and BMT Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Angela Falco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sammarelli
- Hematology and BMT Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giannalisa Todaro
- Hematology and BMT Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bonomini
- Hematology and BMT Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Adami
- High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Computational Biology group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudia Corbo
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Medicine and Surgery, NANOMIB Center, Monza, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Lorusso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Mezzasoma
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Maria Paola Martelli
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta La Starza
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Cuneo
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria S.ANNA, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Mecucci
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federico Quaini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Colla
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovanni Roti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics Laboratory, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
- Hematology and BMT Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Lee RA, Chopra DG, Nguyen V, Huang XP, Zhang Y, Shariati K, Yiv N, Schugar R, Annes J, Roth B, Ku GM. An shRNA screen in primary human beta cells identifies the serotonin 1F receptor as a negative regulator of survival during transplant. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.01.591950. [PMID: 38746433 PMCID: PMC11092577 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.591950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Islet transplantation can cure type 1 diabetes, but peri-transplant beta cell death limits this procedure to those with low insulin requirements. Improving human beta cell survival or proliferation may make islet transplantation a possibility for more type 1 patients. To identify novel regulators of beta cell survival and proliferation, we conducted a pooled small hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen in primary human beta cells transplanted into immunocompromised mice. shRNAs targeting several cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors were enriched after transplant. Here, we focused on the Gi/o-coupled GPCR, serotonin 1F receptor ( HTR1F, 5-HT 1F ) which our screen identified as a negative regulator of beta cell numbers after transplant. In vitro , 5-HT 1F knockdown induced human beta cell proliferation but only when combined with harmine and exendin-4. In vivo , knockdown of 5-HT 1F reduced beta cell death during transplant. To demonstrate the feasibility of targeting 5-HT 1F in islet transplant, we identified and validated a small molecule 5-HT 1F antagonist. This antagonist increased glucose stimulated insulin secretion from primary human islets and cAMP accumulation in primary human beta cells. Finally, the 5-HT 1F antagonist improved glycemia in marginal mass, human islet transplants into immunocompromised mice. We identify 5-HT 1F as a novel druggable target to improve human beta cell survival in the setting of islet transplantation. One Sentence Summary Serotonin 1F receptor (5-HT 1F ) negatively regulates insulin secretion and beta cell survival during transplant.
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McCarty SM, Clasby MC, Sexton JZ. High-Throughput Methods for the Discovery of Small Molecule Modulators of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function and Regeneration. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2024; 22:148-159. [PMID: 38526231 PMCID: PMC11236284 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2023.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The progression of type II diabetes (T2D) is characterized by a complex and highly variable loss of beta-cell mass, resulting in impaired insulin secretion. Many T2D drug discovery efforts aimed at discovering molecules that can protect or restore beta-cell mass and function have been developed using limited beta-cell lines and primary rodent/human pancreatic islets. Various high-throughput screening methods have been used in the context of drug discovery, including luciferase-based reporter assays, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and high-content screening. In this context, a cornerstone of small molecule discovery has been the use of immortalized rodent beta-cell lines. Although insightful, this usage has led to a more comprehensive understanding of rodent beta-cell proliferation pathways rather than their human counterparts. Advantages gained in enhanced physiological relevance are offered by three-dimensional (3D) primary islets and pseudoislets in contrast to monolayer cultures, but these approaches have been limited to use in low-throughput experiments. Emerging methods, such as high-throughput 3D islet imaging coupled with machine learning, aim to increase the feasibility of integrating 3D microtissue structures into high-throughput screening. This review explores the current methods used in high-throughput screening for small molecule modulators of beta-cell mass and function, a potentially pivotal strategy for diabetes drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. McCarty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Martin C. Clasby
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Sexton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Pustelny K, Grygier P, Barzowska A, Pucelik B, Matsuda A, Mrowiec K, Slugocka E, Popowicz GM, Dubin G, Czarna A. Binding mechanism and biological effects of flavone DYRK1A inhibitors for the design of new antidiabetics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18114. [PMID: 37872245 PMCID: PMC10593742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective inhibition of kinases from the diabetic kinome is known to promote the regeneration of beta cells and provide an opportunity for the curative treatment of diabetes. The effect can be achieved by carefully tailoring the selectivity of inhibitor toward a particular kinase, especially DYRK1A, previously associated with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Recently DYRK1A inhibition has been shown to promote both insulin secretion and beta cells proliferation. Here, we show that commonly available flavones are effective inhibitors of DYRK1A. The observed biochemical activity of flavone compounds is confirmed by crystal structures solved at 2.06 Å and 2.32 Å resolution, deciphering the way inhibitors bind in the ATP-binding pocket of the kinase, which is driven by the arrangement of hydroxyl moieties. We also demonstrate antidiabetic properties of these biomolecules and prove that they could be further improved by therapy combined with TGF-β inhibitors. Our data will allow future structure-based optimization of the presented scaffolds toward potent, bioavailable and selective anti-diabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pustelny
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Grygier
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Pucelik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alex Matsuda
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mrowiec
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Emilia Slugocka
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz M Popowicz
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Czarna
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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McCarty SM, Clasby MC, Sexton JZ. Automated high-throughput, high-content 3D imaging of intact pancreatic islets. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2023; 28:316-324. [PMID: 37527729 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes poses a global health crisis affecting individuals across age groups and backgrounds, with a prevalence estimate of 700 million people worldwide by 2045. Current therapeutic strategies primarily rely on insulin therapy or hypoglycemic agents, which fail to address the root cause of the disease - the loss of pancreatic insulin-producing beta-cells. Therefore, bioassays that recapitulate intact islets are needed to enable drug discovery for beta-cell replenishment, protection from beta-cell loss, and islet-cell interactions. Standard cancer insulinoma beta-cell lines MIN6 and INS-1 have been used to interrogate beta-cell metabolic pathways and function but are not suitable for studying proliferative effects. Screening using primary human/rodent intact islets offers a higher level of physiological relevance to enhance diabetes drug discovery and development. However, the 3-dimensionality of intact islets have presented challenges in developing robust, high-throughput assays to detect beta-cell proliferative effects. Established methods rely on either dissociated islet cells plated in 2D monolayer cultures for imaging or reconstituted pseudo-islets formed in round bottom plates to achieve homogeneity. These approaches have significant limitations due to the islet cell dispersion process. To address these limitations, we have developed a robust, intact ex vivo pancreatic islet bioassay in 384-well format that is capable of detecting diabetes-relevant endpoints including beta-cell proliferation, chemoprotection, and islet spatial morphometrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M McCarty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martin C Clasby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Sexton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; University of Michigan Center for Drug Repurposing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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6
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Mullooly N, Smith DM, Gianni D. A multi-parametric high throughput assay for detecting beta-cell proliferation in dispersed primary islets. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2023; 28:3-12. [PMID: 36646173 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Identification of novel compounds to selectively induce pancreatic beta-cell proliferation has the potential to restore functional beta-cell mass and insulin secretory demand in type 2 diabetes. The rarity of islet cell clusters (comprising of only 1% of the total pancreas mass) makes such a discovery a challenge. To address this obstacle a high throughput, 384 well, plate-based multi-parametric imaging assay was developed to capture ex vivo primary islet proliferation, allowing positive identification of compounds that can selectively enhance islet beta-cell proliferation. The use of microscopy-based, high-content imaging technology enables acquisition of additional multi-parametric information such as proliferating populations in the islet beta and non beta-cells, insulin intensity, and cell counts, improving understanding of on and off target effects in primary tissue. The protocol requires access to a high-throughput microscopy platform for automated image acquisition of treated islet cells in assay plates. High content image analysis software is required to extract multiparametric cellular features and aid identification of therapeutically relevant small molecules and perturbants. Several putative beta-cell proliferative compounds have validated in this high throughput assay format, including the pleiotropic hormone prolactin [1] and the small molecule DYRK1A inhibitor harmine [2]. It is recommended to include one, or both, as positive controls to provide a reference for image analysis, give confidence in assay performance and capture potential assay variability during experimental runs. The protocol outlined specifically focuses on the multiparametric assessment of betacell proliferation in mouse and rat ex vivo islets and provides the methodology required for the collection of high quality cellular material. The high throughput, plate based assay can additionally be adapted to evaluate and quantify other disease relevant endpoints by high content microscopy and be applied to other downstream measurements. One of the caveats of a high-throughput, 384 microplate beta-cell proliferative assay is its limitations to facilitate human beta-cell proliferation detection, especially for weak activators. Adult human beta-cell proliferation is an extremely rare biological event and assessment experimentally can be donor dependent. In addition lower human islet beta-cell subpopulations require large numbers of cells for accurate rare event measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Mullooly
- Functional Genomics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - David M Smith
- Emerging Innovations Unit, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Davide Gianni
- Functional Genomics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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Ching C, Iich E, Teo AKK. Harnessing Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic In Vitro Models for High-Throughput Toxicity Testing and Diabetes Drug Discovery. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 281:301-332. [PMID: 37306817 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The long-standing goals in diabetes research are to improve β-cell survival, functionality and increase β-cell mass. Current strategies to manage diabetes progression are still not ideal for sustained maintenance of normoglycemia, thereby increasing demand for the development of novel drugs. Available pancreatic cell lines, cadaveric islets, and their culture methods and formats, either 2D or 3D, allow for multiple avenues of experimental design to address diverse aims in the research setting. More specifically, these pancreatic cells have been employed in toxicity testing, diabetes drug screens, and with careful curation, can be optimized for use in efficient high-throughput screenings (HTS). This has since spearheaded the understanding of disease progression and related mechanisms, as well as the discovery of potential drug candidates which could be the cornerstone for diabetes treatment. This book chapter will touch on the pros and cons of the most widely used pancreatic cells, including the more recent human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic cells, and HTS strategies (cell models, design, readouts) that can be used for the purpose of toxicity testing and diabetes drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ching
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elhadi Iich
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Goode RA, Hum JM, Kalwat MA. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Pancreatic Islet β-Cell Proliferation, Regeneration, and Replacement. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6836713. [PMID: 36412119 PMCID: PMC9923807 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes results from insufficient insulin production by pancreatic islet β-cells or a loss of β-cells themselves. Restoration of regulated insulin production is a predominant goal of translational diabetes research. Here, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in the fields of β-cell proliferation, regeneration, and replacement. The discovery of therapeutic targets and associated small molecules has been enabled by improved understanding of β-cell development and cell cycle regulation, as well as advanced high-throughput screening methodologies. Important findings in β-cell transdifferentiation, neogenesis, and stem cell differentiation have nucleated multiple promising therapeutic strategies. In particular, clinical trials are underway using in vitro-generated β-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Significant challenges remain for each of these strategies, but continued support for efforts in these research areas will be critical for the generation of distinct diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A Goode
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julia M Hum
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael A Kalwat
- Correspondence: Michael A. Kalwat, PhD, Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, 1210 Waterway Blvd, Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. or
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Development of Pyrimidine- Cinnamamide Hybrids as Potential Anticancer agents: A Rational Design Approach. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Massignam ET, Dieter C, Assmann TS, Duarte GCK, Bauer AC, Canani LH, Crispim D. The rs705708 A allele of the ERBB3 gene is associated with lower prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and arterial hypertension and with improved renal function in type 1 diabetic patients. Microvasc Res 2022; 143:104378. [PMID: 35594935 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (ERBB3) is involved in autoimmune processes related to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) pathogenesis. Accordingly, some studies have suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ERBB3 gene confer risk for T1DM. Proliferation-associated protein 2G4 (PA2G4) is another candidate gene for this disease because it regulates cell proliferation and adaptive immunity. Moreover, PA2G4 regulates ERBB3. To date, no study has evaluated the association of PA2G4 SNPs and T1DM. AIM To evaluate the association of ERBB3 rs705708 (G/A) and PA2G4 rs773120 (C/T) SNPs with T1DM and its clinical and laboratory characteristics. METHODS This case-control study included 976 white subjects from Southern Brazil, categorized into 501 cases with T1DM and 475 non-diabetic controls. The ERBB3 and PA2G4 SNPs were genotyped by allelic discrimination-real-time PCR. RESULTS ERBB3 rs705708 and PA2G4 rs773120 SNPs were not associated with T1DM considering different inheritance models and also when controlling for covariables. However, T1DM patients carrying the ERBB3 rs705708 A allele developed T1DM at an earlier age vs. G/G patients. Interestingly, in the T1DM group, the rs705708 A allele was associated with lower prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and arterial hypertension as well as with improved renal function (higher estimated glomerular filtration rate and lower urinary albumin excretion levels) compared to G/G patients. CONCLUSIONS Although no association was observed between the ERBB3 rs705708 and PA2G4 rs773120 SNPs and T1DM, the rs705708 A allele was associated, for the first time in literature, with lower prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and arterial hypertension. Additionally, this SNP was associated with improved renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Toscan Massignam
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristine Dieter
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taís Silveira Assmann
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Coutinho Kullmann Duarte
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andrea Carla Bauer
- Nephrology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luis Henrique Canani
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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11
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Pan X, Liu N, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Wang K, Liu X, Zhang J. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of trizole-based heteroaromatic derivatives as Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114425. [PMID: 35561654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bcr-Abl is a key driver in the pathophysiology of CML. Broadening the chemical diversity of Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors to overcome drug resistance is a current medical demand for CML treatment. As a continuation to our research, a series of compounds with heteroaromatics-trizole scaffold as hinge binding moiety (HBM) were developed as Bcr-Abl inhibitors based on in silico modeling analysis. Biological results indicated that these compounds exhibited a significantly enhanced inhibition against Bcr-AblWT and Bcr-AblT315I in kinases assays, along with improved anti-proliferative activities in leukemia cell assays, compared with previous disclosed compounds. In particular, compounds 9f, 28c, 31, and 44c displayed comparable even better potency with that of Imatinib in enzymatic assay and cell assays including K562 cells and adriamycin-resistant K562/A cells. Moreover, compounds 9f, 28c, and 44c exhibited potent inhibition activities against K562R cells bearing T315I mutant with IC50 of 13.35 μM, 40.14 μM, and 1.91 μM, respectively, outperforming that of Imatinib. Meanwhile, the inhibition of Bcr-Abl activity in Ba/F3 cells demonstrated that these compounds exerted effects mainly by acting on Bcr-Abl. Additionally, compounds 9f, 28c, and 44c effectively induced apoptosis, arrest the cell cycle at S or G2/M phase, and inhibited phosphorylation of Bcr-Abl and STAT5 in a dose-dependent manner. Docking studies indicated that trizole indeed retained the hydrophobic interaction of aromatic heterocycles with hinge region, and ADME prediction suggested that tested compounds had a favorable safety profile. Therefore, aromatic heterocycles incorporated with trizole could serve as a promising HBM for Bcr-Abl inhibitors with proline as fexibile linker, and compounds 9f, 28c, especially 44c could be served as a starting point for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
| | - Nanxin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Yuying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xueying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, No.169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
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12
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Xu Y, Gao C, Andreasson M, Håversen L, Carrasco M, Fleming C, Lundbäck T, Andréasson J, Grøtli M. Design and development of photoswitchable DFG-Out RET kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 234:114226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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13
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Eguchi N, Toribio AJ, Alexander M, Xu I, Whaley DL, Hernandez LF, Dafoe D, Ichii H. Dysregulation of β-Cell Proliferation in Diabetes: Possibilities of Combination Therapy in the Development of a Comprehensive Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020472. [PMID: 35203680 PMCID: PMC8962301 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia as a result of insufficient insulin levels and/or impaired function as a result of autoimmune destruction or insulin resistance. While Type 1 DM (T1DM) and Type 2 DM (T2DM) occur through different pathological processes, both result in β-cell destruction and/or dysfunction, which ultimately lead to insufficient β-cell mass to maintain normoglycemia. Therefore, therapeutic agents capable of inducing β-cell proliferation is crucial in treating and reversing diabetes; unfortunately, adult human β-cell proliferation has been shown to be very limited (~0.2% of β-cells/24 h) and poorly responsive to many mitogens. Furthermore, diabetogenic insults result in damage to β cells, making it ever more difficult to induce proliferation. In this review, we discuss β-cell mass/proliferation pathways dysregulated in diabetes and current therapeutic agents studied to induce β-cell proliferation. Furthermore, we discuss possible combination therapies of proliferation agents with immunosuppressants and antioxidative therapy to improve overall long-term outcomes of diabetes.
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14
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Shcheglova E, Blaszczyk K, Borowiak M. Mitogen Synergy: An Emerging Route to Boosting Human Beta Cell Proliferation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:734597. [PMID: 35155441 PMCID: PMC8829426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.734597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased number and function of beta cells are a key aspect of diabetes mellitus (diabetes), a disease that remains an onerous global health problem. Means of restoring beta cell mass are urgently being sought as a potential cure for diabetes. Several strategies, such as de novo beta cell derivation via pluripotent stem cell differentiation or mature somatic cell transdifferentiation, have yielded promising results. Beta cell expansion is another promising strategy, rendered challenging by the very low proliferative capacity of beta cells. Many effective mitogens have been identified in rodents, but the vast majority do not have similar mitogenic effects in human beta cells. Extensive research has led to the identification of several human beta cell mitogens, but their efficacy and specificity remain insufficient. An approach based on the simultaneous application of several mitogens has recently emerged and can yield human beta cell proliferation rates of up to 8%. Here, we discuss recent advances in restoration of the beta cell population, focusing on mitogen synergy, and the contribution of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to accelerating the elucidation of signaling pathways in proliferating beta cells and the discovery of novel mitogens. Together, these approaches have taken beta cell research up a level, bringing us closer to a cure for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Shcheglova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Blaszczyk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Malgorzata Borowiak, ;
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15
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Carrillo García C, Becker C, Forster M, Lohmann S, Freitag P, Laufer S, Sievers S, Fleischmann BK, Hesse M, Schade D. High-Throughput Screening Platform in Postnatal Heart Cells and Chemical Probe Toolbox to Assess Cardiomyocyte Proliferation. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1505-1524. [PMID: 34818008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Restoring lost heart muscle is an attractive goal for cardiovascular regenerative medicine. One appealing strategy is the therapeutic stimulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation, which inter alia remains challenging due to available assay technologies capturing the complex biology. Here, a high-throughput-formatted phenotypic assay platform was established using rodent whole heart-derived cells to preserve the cellular environment of cardiomyocytes. Several readouts allowed the quantification of cycling cardiomyocytes, including a transgenic H2B-mCherry system for unequivocal, automated detection of cardiomyocyte nuclei. A chemical genetics approach revealed pronounced species differences and furnished pan-kinase inhibitors 5 and 36 as potent and robust inducers of endoreplication and acytokinetic mitosis. Combined profiling of the commonly used p38 MAPK inhibitors SB203580 (1), SB239063 (2) and a novel set of skepinone-L (6) derivatives pointed to off-target effects beyond p38 that might be critical for effective cardiomyocyte cytokinesis. Kinome-focused screening eventually furnished TG003 (38) as a novel candidate for stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Carrillo García
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Cora Becker
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, House 76, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lohmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Patricia Freitag
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, House 76, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development (TüCAD2), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Compound Management and Screening Center COMAS, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology (MPI), 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, House 76, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Pharma Center Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, House 76, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dennis Schade
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Partner Site Kiel, DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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16
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Shin I, Li H, Lee CH. A Thiol-Activated Fluorogenic Probe for Detection of a Target Protein. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6336-6339. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02029g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluorogenic probe for facile and efficient detection of a target protein that binds to a bioactive small molecule was developed. The probe was composed of a thiol-activated fluorogenic...
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Bregante J, Schönbichler A, Pölöske D, Degenfeld-Schonburg L, Monzó Contreras G, Hadzijusufovic E, de Araujo ED, Valent P, Moriggl R, Orlova A. Efficacy and Synergy of Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting FLT3-ITD + Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6181. [PMID: 34944800 PMCID: PMC8699584 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of FLT3 by ITD mutations is one of the most common genetic aberrations in AML, present in ~1/3 of cases. Patients harboring FLT3-ITD display worse clinical outcomes. The integration and advancement of FLT3 TKI in AML treatment provided significant therapeutic improvement. However, due to the emergence of resistance mechanisms, FLT3-ITD+ AML remains a clinical challenge. We performed an unbiased drug screen to identify 18 compounds as particularly efficacious against FLT3-ITD+ AML. Among these, we characterized two investigational compounds, WS6 and ispinesib, and two approved drugs, ponatinib and cabozantinib, in depth. We found that WS6, although not yet investigated in oncology, shows a similar mechanism and potency as ponatinib and cabozantinib. Interestingly, ispinesib and cabozantinib prevent activation of AXL, a key driver and mechanism of drug resistance in FLT3-ITD+ AML patients. We further investigated synergies between the selected compounds and found that combination treatment with ispinesib and cabozantinib or ponatinib shows high synergy in FLT3-ITD+ AML cell lines and patient samples. Together, we suggest WS6, ispinesib, ponatinib and cabozantinib as novel options for targeting FLT3-ITD+ AML. Whether combinatorial tyrosine kinase and kinesin spindle blockade is effective in eradicating neoplastic (stem) cells in FLT3-ITD+ AML remains to be determined in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bregante
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (A.S.); (D.P.); (G.M.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Anna Schönbichler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (A.S.); (D.P.); (G.M.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Daniel Pölöske
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (A.S.); (D.P.); (G.M.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Lina Degenfeld-Schonburg
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.D.-S.); (E.H.); (P.V.)
| | - Garazi Monzó Contreras
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (A.S.); (D.P.); (G.M.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.D.-S.); (E.H.); (P.V.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Clinic for Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elvin D. de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L1C6, Canada;
- Centre for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L1C6, Canada
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.D.-S.); (E.H.); (P.V.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (A.S.); (D.P.); (G.M.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (A.S.); (D.P.); (G.M.C.); (R.M.)
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18
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Atas-Ozcan H, Brault V, Duchon A, Herault Y. Dyrk1a from Gene Function in Development and Physiology to Dosage Correction across Life Span in Down Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1833. [PMID: 34828439 PMCID: PMC8624927 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is the main cause of intellectual disabilities with a large set of comorbidities from developmental origins but also that appeared across life span. Investigation of the genetic overdosage found in Down syndrome, due to the trisomy of human chromosome 21, has pointed to one main driver gene, the Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1a). Dyrk1a is a murine homolog of the drosophila minibrain gene. It has been found to be involved in many biological processes during development and in adulthood. Further analysis showed its haploinsufficiency in mental retardation disease 7 and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease. DYRK1A plays a role in major developmental steps of brain development, controlling the proliferation of neural progenitors, the migration of neurons, their dendritogenesis and the function of the synapse. Several strategies targeting the overdosage of DYRK1A in DS with specific kinase inhibitors have showed promising evidence that DS cognitive conditions can be alleviated. Nevertheless, providing conditions for proper temporal treatment and to tackle the neurodevelopmental and the neurodegenerative aspects of DS across life span is still an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Atas-Ozcan
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Véronique Brault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Arnaud Duchon
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Celphedia, Phenomin-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
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19
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Xu Y, Gao C, Håversen L, Lundbäck T, Andréasson J, Grøtli M. Design and development of a photoswitchable DFG-out kinase inhibitor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10043-10046. [PMID: 34505602 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04125h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterisation of a photoswitchable DFG-out kinase inhibitor. Photocontrol of the target kinase in both enzymatic and living cell assays is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Chunxia Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Liliana Håversen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Mechanistic & Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-48183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Morten Grøtli
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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20
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Tarpley M, Oladapo HO, Strepay D, Caligan TB, Chdid L, Shehata H, Roques JR, Thomas R, Laudeman CP, Onyenwoke RU, Darr DB, Williams KP. Identification of harmine and β-carboline analogs from a high-throughput screen of an approved drug collection; profiling as differential inhibitors of DYRK1A and monoamine oxidase A and for in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 162:105821. [PMID: 33781856 PMCID: PMC8404221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DYRK1A (dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1a) is highly expressed in glioma, an aggressive brain tumor, and has been proposed as a therapeutic target for cancer. In the current study, we have used an optimized and validated time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET)-based DYRK1A assay for high-throughput screening (HTS) in 384-well format. A small-scale screen of the FDA-approved Prestwick drug collection identified the β-carboline, harmine, and four related analogs as DYRK1A inhibitors. Hits were confirmed by dose response and in an orthogonal DYRK1A assay. Harmine's potential therapeutic use has been hampered by its off-target activity for monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) which impacts multiple nervous system targets. Selectivity profiling of harmine and a broader collection of analogs allowed us to map some divergent SAR (structure-activity relationships) for the DYRK1A and MAO-A activities. The panel of harmine analogs had varying activities in vitro in glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines when tested for anti-proliferative effects using a high content imaging assay. In particular, of the identified analogs, harmol was found to have the best selectivity for DYRK1A over MAO-A and, when tested in a glioma tumor xenograft model, harmol demonstrated a better therapeutic window compared to harmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tarpley
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Helen O Oladapo
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; INBS PhD Program, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Dillon Strepay
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Thomas B Caligan
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Lhoucine Chdid
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Hassan Shehata
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; INBS PhD Program, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Jose R Roques
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Rhashad Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Christopher P Laudeman
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Rob U Onyenwoke
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - David B Darr
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Kevin P Williams
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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21
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Kumar K, Suebsuwong C, Wang P, Garcia-Ocana A, Stewart AF, DeVita RJ. DYRK1A Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics for β-Cell Regeneration for Diabetes. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2901-2922. [PMID: 33682417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 422 million people are suffering from diabetes worldwide. Current diabetes therapies are focused on optimizing blood glucose control to prevent long-term diabetes complications. Unfortunately, current therapies have failed to achieve glycemic targets in the majority of people with diabetes. In this context, regeneration of functional insulin-producing human β-cells in people with diabetes through the use of DYRK1A inhibitor drugs has recently received special attention. Several small molecule DYRK1A inhibitors have been identified that induce human β-cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, DYRK1A inhibitors have also been shown to synergize β-cell proliferation with other classes of drugs, such as TGFβ inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists. In this perspective, we review the status of DYRK1A as a therapeutic target for β-cell proliferation and provide perspectives on technical and scientific challenges for future translational development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Kumar
- Drug Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Chalada Suebsuwong
- Drug Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Peng Wang
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocana
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Andrew F Stewart
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Robert J DeVita
- Drug Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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22
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Nissink JWM, Bazzaz S, Blackett C, Clark MA, Collingwood O, Disch JS, Gikunju D, Goldberg K, Guilinger JP, Hardaker E, Hennessy EJ, Jetson R, Keefe AD, McCoull W, McMurray L, Olszewski A, Overman R, Pflug A, Preston M, Rawlins PB, Rivers E, Schimpl M, Smith P, Truman C, Underwood E, Warwicker J, Winter-Holt J, Woodcock S, Zhang Y. Generating Selective Leads for Mer Kinase Inhibitors-Example of a Comprehensive Lead-Generation Strategy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3165-3184. [PMID: 33683117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mer is a member of the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) kinase family that has been associated with cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Their essential function in immune homeostasis has prompted an interest in their role as modulators of antitumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Here we illustrate the outcomes of an extensive lead-generation campaign for identification of Mer inhibitors, focusing on the results from concurrent, orthogonal high-throughput screening approaches. Data mining, HT (high-throughput), and DECL (DNA-encoded chemical library) screens offered means to evaluate large numbers of compounds. We discuss campaign strategy and screening outcomes, and exemplify series resulting from prioritization of hits that were identified. Concurrent execution of HT and DECL screening successfully yielded a large number of potent, selective, and novel starting points, covering a range of selectivity profiles across the TAM family members and modes of kinase binding, and offered excellent start points for lead development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sana Bazzaz
- X-Chem, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Carolyn Blackett
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jeremy S Disch
- X-Chem, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Diana Gikunju
- X-Chem, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | | | | | | | - Edward J Hennessy
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Rachael Jetson
- X-Chem, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | | | - William McCoull
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ross Overman
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Pflug
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Marian Preston
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Philip B Rawlins
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Rivers
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Schimpl
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Smith
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Truman
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Juli Warwicker
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Winter-Holt
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Woodcock
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Zhang
- X-Chem, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
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23
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Lewis PL, Wells JM. Engineering-inspired approaches to study β-cell function and diabetes. Stem Cells 2021; 39:522-535. [PMID: 33497522 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to mitigate the pathologies from diabetes range from simply administering insulin to prescribing complex drug/biologic regimens combined with lifestyle changes. There is a substantial effort to better understand β-cell physiology during diabetes pathogenesis as a means to develop improved therapies. The convergence of multiple fields ranging from developmental biology to microfluidic engineering has led to the development of new experimental systems to better study complex aspects of diabetes and β-cell biology. Here we discuss the available insulin-secreting cell types used in research, ranging from primary human β-cells, to cell lines, to pluripotent stem cell-derived β-like cells. Each of these sources possess inherent strengths and weaknesses pertinent to specific applications, especially in the context of engineered platforms. We then outline how insulin-expressing cells have been used in engineered platforms and how recent advances allow for better mimicry of in vivo conditions. Chief among these conditions are β-cell interactions with other endocrine organs. This facet is beginning to be thoroughly addressed by the organ-on-a-chip community, but holds enormous potential in the development of novel diabetes therapeutics. Furthermore, high throughput strategies focused on studying β-cell biology, improving β-cell differentiation, or proliferation have led to enormous contributions in the field and will no doubt be instrumental in bringing new diabetes therapeutics to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip L Lewis
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - James M Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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24
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Gan Q, Lin C, Lu C, Chang Y, Che Q, Zhang G, Zhu T, Gu Q, Wu Z, Li M, Li D. Staprexanthones, Xanthone-Type Stimulators of Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation from a Mangrove Endophytic Fungus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2996-3003. [PMID: 32966070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This project was focused on the discovery of novel compounds that promote endogenous β-cell regeneration. Screening of extracts identified the fungus Stachybotrys chartarum as a promising candidate. After fermentation and extraction of S. chartarum, we isolated five new prenylated xanthones, namely, staprexanthones A-E (1-5), with staprexanthone A (1) being the first natural xanthone bearing a rare 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane moiety. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 significantly increased β-cell numbers in vivo in a zebrafish model. Further analysis revealed that 2 and 5 promoted β-cell mass expansion by increasing proliferation of existing β-cells though promotion of cell-cycle progression at the G1/S transition. These findings indicate that prenylated xanthones are potential new drug leads for antidiabetes therapy by stimulating β-cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, People's Republic of China
- School of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Che
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- School of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
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25
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Hie B, Bryson BD, Berger B. Leveraging Uncertainty in Machine Learning Accelerates Biological Discovery and Design. Cell Syst 2020; 11:461-477.e9. [PMID: 33065027 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Machine learning that generates biological hypotheses has transformative potential, but most learning algorithms are susceptible to pathological failure when exploring regimes beyond the training data distribution. A solution to address this issue is to quantify prediction uncertainty so that algorithms can gracefully handle novel phenomena that confound standard methods. Here, we demonstrate the broad utility of robust uncertainty prediction in biological discovery. By leveraging Gaussian process-based uncertainty prediction on modern pre-trained features, we train a model on just 72 compounds to make predictions over a 10,833-compound library, identifying and experimentally validating compounds with nanomolar affinity for diverse kinases and whole-cell growth inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Uncertainty facilitates a tight iterative loop between computation and experimentation and generalizes across biological domains as diverse as protein engineering and single-cell transcriptomics. More broadly, our work demonstrates that uncertainty should play a key role in the increasing adoption of machine learning algorithms into the experimental lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hie
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bryan D Bryson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Bonnie Berger
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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26
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Stevenson BW, Gorman MA, Koach J, Cheung BB, Marshall GM, Parker MW, Holien JK. A structural view of PA2G4 isoforms with opposing functions in cancer. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16100-16112. [PMID: 32952126 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.014293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of proliferation-associated protein 2G4 (PA2G4), alternatively known as ErbB3-binding protein 1 (EBP1), in cancer has become apparent over the past 20 years. PA2G4 expression levels are correlated with prognosis in a range of human cancers, including neuroblastoma, cervical, brain, breast, prostate, pancreatic, hepatocellular, and other tumors. There are two PA2G4 isoforms, PA2G4-p42 and PA2G4-p48, and although both isoforms of PA2G4 regulate cellular growth and differentiation, these isoforms often have opposing roles depending on the context. Therefore, PA2G4 can function either as a contextual tumor suppressor or as an oncogene, depending on the tissue being studied. However, it is unclear how distinct structural features of the two PA2G4 isoforms translate into different functional outcomes. In this review, we examine published structures to identify important structural and functional components of PA2G4 and consider how they may explain its crucial role in the malignant phenotype. We will highlight the lysine-rich regions, protein-protein interaction sites, and post-translational modifications of the two PA2G4 isoforms and relate these to the functional cellular role of PA2G4. These data will enable a better understanding of the function and structure relationship of the two PA2G4 isoforms and highlight the care that will need to be undertaken for those who wish to conduct isoform-specific structure-based drug design campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A Gorman
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Koach
- Department of Pediatrics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belamy B Cheung
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica K Holien
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Science, College of Science, Engineering, and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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27
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Liu YA, Jin Q, Ding Q, Hao X, Mo T, Yan S, Zou Y, Huang Z, Zhang X, Gao W, Wu TYH, Li C, Bursalaya B, Di Donato M, Zhang YQ, Deaton L, Shen W, Taylor B, Kamireddy A, Harb G, Li J, Jia Y, Schumacher AM, Laffitte B, Glynne R, Pan S, McNamara P, Molteni V, Loren J. A Dual Inhibitor of DYRK1A and GSK3β for β-Cell Proliferation: Aminopyrazine Derivative GNF4877. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1562-1570. [PMID: 32613743 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Loss of β-cell mass and function can lead to insufficient insulin levels and ultimately to hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. The mainstream treatment approach involves regulation of insulin levels; however, approaches intended to increase β-cell mass are less developed. Promoting β-cell proliferation with low-molecular-weight inhibitors of dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) offers the potential to treat diabetes with oral therapies by restoring β-cell mass, insulin content and glycemic control. GNF4877, a potent dual inhibitor of DYRK1A and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) was previously reported to induce primary human β-cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we describe the lead optimization that lead to the identification of GNF4877 from an aminopyrazine hit identified in a phenotypic high-throughput screening campaign measuring β-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahu A Liu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Qihui Jin
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Qiang Ding
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Xueshi Hao
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tingting Mo
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Shanshan Yan
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Yefen Zou
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Wenqi Gao
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tom Y-H Wu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Chun Li
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Badry Bursalaya
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michael Di Donato
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - You-Qing Zhang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lisa Deaton
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Weijun Shen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brandon Taylor
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Anwesh Kamireddy
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - George Harb
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Yong Jia
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Andrew M Schumacher
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Bryan Laffitte
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Richard Glynne
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Shifeng Pan
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Peter McNamara
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Valentina Molteni
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jon Loren
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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28
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Sidal H, Colakoglu Erkan P, Uslu M, Kocabas F. Development of small-molecule-induced fibroblast expansion technologies. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1476-1487. [PMID: 32770632 DOI: 10.1002/term.3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts are responsible from the production of extracellular matrix and take role in the closure of skin wounds. Dermal fibroblasts are major cells of origin in the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) and are historically being used as feeder layer and biofiller in the restorative surgeries. ex vivo expansion of the dermal fibroblasts provides a suitable model to study skin biology and to engineer bioartifical skins. Thus, development of efficient fibroblast expansion technologies gets outmost importance day by day. We sought to identify small molecules that induce ex vivo fibroblast expansion and understand their mechanisms. We analyzed the effect of 35 small molecules, which are expected to target molecular pathways involving cellular quiescence. We have found that small molecules, especially AS1949490 and SKF96365, increase human dermal fibroblast expansion of at least three different fibroblasts. Cell cycle analysis confirms that these small molecules allow cell cycle progression, as evident by increased percentage of cells in S-G2 -M phase of cell cycle. They led to a lower profile of apoptotic or necrotic fibroblasts. Intriguingly, we have found that identified small molecules could also endogenously induce the expression of IPSC generation, collagen synthesis, and aging-related genes. Identified small molecules may contribute to the induction of collagen synthesis in the biofiller products, the development of fibroblast products with better aging profile, and the improvement of IPSC generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humeyra Sidal
- Biology Department, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France.,Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Colakoglu Erkan
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Biotechnology Program, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Uslu
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Biotechnology Program, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kocabas
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Biotechnology Program, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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29
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Yang B, Covington BA, Chen W. In vivo generation and regeneration of β cells in zebrafish. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 9:9. [PMID: 32613468 PMCID: PMC7329966 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathological feature of diabetes, hyperglycemia, is a result of an inadequate number and/or function of insulin producing β cells. Replenishing functional β cells is a strategy to cure the disease. Although β-cell regeneration occurs in animal models under certain conditions, human β cells are refractory to proliferation. A better understanding of both the positive and the negative regulatory mechanisms of β-cell regeneration in animal models is essential to develop novel strategies capable of inducing functional β cells in patients. Zebrafish are an attractive model system for studying β-cell regeneration due to the ease to which genetic and chemical-genetic approaches can be used as well as their high regenerative capacity. Here, we highlight the current state of β-cell regeneration studies in zebrafish with an emphasis on cell signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Brittney A Covington
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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30
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Liu YA, Jin Q, Zou Y, Ding Q, Yan S, Wang Z, Hao X, Nguyen B, Zhang X, Pan J, Mo T, Jacobsen K, Lam T, Wu TYH, Petrassi HM, Bursulaya B, DiDonato M, Gordon WP, Liu B, Baaten J, Hill R, Nguyen-Tran V, Qiu M, Zhang YQ, Kamireddy A, Espinola S, Deaton L, Ha S, Harb G, Jia Y, Li J, Shen W, Schumacher AM, Colman K, Glynne R, Pan S, McNamara P, Laffitte B, Meeusen S, Molteni V, Loren J. Selective DYRK1A Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes: Discovery of 6-Azaindole Derivative GNF2133. J Med Chem 2020; 63:2958-2973. [PMID: 32077280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune deficiency and destruction in either β-cell mass or function can cause insufficient insulin levels and, as a result, hyperglycemia and diabetes. Thus, promoting β-cell proliferation could be one approach toward diabetes intervention. In this report we describe the discovery of a potent and selective DYRK1A inhibitor GNF2133, which was identified through optimization of a 6-azaindole screening hit. In vitro, GNF2133 is able to proliferate both rodent and human β-cells. In vivo, GNF2133 demonstrated significant dose-dependent glucose disposal capacity and insulin secretion in response to glucose-potentiated arginine-induced insulin secretion (GPAIS) challenge in rat insulin promoter and diphtheria toxin A (RIP-DTA) mice. The work described here provides new avenues to disease altering therapeutic interventions in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahu A Liu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Qihui Jin
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yefen Zou
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Qiang Ding
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shanshan Yan
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xueshi Hao
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bao Nguyen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jianfeng Pan
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tingting Mo
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kate Jacobsen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Thanh Lam
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tom Y-H Wu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - H Michael Petrassi
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Badry Bursulaya
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael DiDonato
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - W Perry Gordon
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bo Liu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Janine Baaten
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert Hill
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Vân Nguyen-Tran
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Minhua Qiu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - You-Qing Zhang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anwesh Kamireddy
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sheryll Espinola
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lisa Deaton
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sukwon Ha
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - George Harb
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yong Jia
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Weijun Shen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andrew M Schumacher
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Karyn Colman
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Richard Glynne
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shifeng Pan
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Peter McNamara
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bryan Laffitte
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shelly Meeusen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Valentina Molteni
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jon Loren
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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31
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Lee M, Maji B, Manna D, Kahraman S, Elgamal RM, Small J, Kokkonda P, Vetere A, Goldberg JM, Lippard SJ, Kulkarni RN, Wagner BK, Choudhary A. Native Zinc Catalyzes Selective and Traceless Release of Small Molecules in β-Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6477-6482. [PMID: 32175731 PMCID: PMC7146867 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The loss of insulin-producing β-cells
is the central pathological
event in type 1 and 2 diabetes, which has led to efforts to identify
molecules to promote β-cell proliferation, protection, and imaging.
However, the lack of β-cell specificity of these molecules jeopardizes
their therapeutic potential. A general platform for selective release
of small-molecule cargoes in β-cells over other islet cells ex vivo or other cell-types in an organismal context will
be immensely valuable in advancing diabetes research and therapeutic
development. Here, we leverage the unusually high Zn(II) concentration
in β-cells to develop a Zn(II)-based prodrug system to selectively
and tracelessly deliver bioactive small molecules and fluorophores
to β-cells. The Zn(II)-targeting mechanism enriches the inactive
cargo in β-cells as compared to other pancreatic cells; importantly,
Zn(II)-mediated hydrolysis triggers cargo activation. This prodrug
system, with modular components that allow for fine-tuning selectivity,
should enable the safer and more effective targeting of β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miseon Lee
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Basudeb Maji
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Debasish Manna
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell InstituteHarvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Ruth M Elgamal
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jonnell Small
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Praveen Kokkonda
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Amedeo Vetere
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jacob M Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell InstituteHarvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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32
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Hohmeier HE, Zhang L, Taylor B, Stephens S, Lu D, McNamara P, Laffitte B, Newgard CB. Identification of a small molecule that stimulates human β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion, and protects against cytotoxic stress in rat insulinoma cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0224344. [PMID: 32176701 PMCID: PMC7075568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A key event in the development of both major forms of diabetes is the loss of functional pancreatic islet β-cell mass. Strategies aimed at enhancing β-cell regeneration have long been pursued, but methods for reliably inducing human β-cell proliferation with full retention of key functions such as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) are still very limited. We have previously reported that overexpression of the homeobox transcription factor NKX6.1 stimulates β-cell proliferation, while also enhancing GSIS and providing protection against β-cell cytotoxicity through induction of the VGF prohormone. We developed an NKX6.1 pathway screen by stably transfecting 832/13 rat insulinoma cells with a VGF promoter-luciferase reporter construct, using the resultant cell line to screen a 630,000 compound chemical library. We isolated three compounds with consistent effects to stimulate human islet cell proliferation, but not expression of NKX6.1 or VGF, suggesting an alternative mechanism of action. Further studies of the most potent of these compounds, GNF-9228, revealed that it selectively activates human β-cell relative to α-cell proliferation and has no effect on δ-cell replication. In addition, pre-treatment, but not short term exposure of human islets to GNF-9228 enhances GSIS. GNF-9228 also protects 832/13 insulinoma cells against ER stress- and inflammatory cytokine-induced cytotoxicity. GNF-9228 stimulates proliferation via a mechanism distinct from recently emergent DYRK1A inhibitors, as it is unaffected by DYRK1A overexpression and does not activate NFAT translocation. In conclusion, we have identified a small molecule with pleiotropic positive effects on islet biology, including stimulation of human β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion, and protection against multiple agents of cytotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans E. Hohmeier
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lu Zhang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brandon Taylor
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Samuel Stephens
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Danhong Lu
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Peter McNamara
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Bryan Laffitte
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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33
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Koach J, Holien JK, Massudi H, Carter DR, Ciampa OC, Herath M, Lim T, Seneviratne JA, Milazzo G, Murray JE, McCarroll JA, Liu B, Mayoh C, Keenan B, Stevenson BW, Gorman MA, Bell JL, Doughty L, Hüttelmaier S, Oberthuer A, Fischer M, Gifford AJ, Liu T, Zhang X, Zhu S, Gustafson WC, Haber M, Norris MD, Fletcher JI, Perini G, Parker MW, Cheung BB, Marshall GM. Drugging MYCN Oncogenic Signaling through the MYCN-PA2G4 Binding Interface. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5652-5667. [PMID: 31501192 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MYCN is a major driver for the childhood cancer, neuroblastoma, however, there are no inhibitors of this target. Enhanced MYCN protein stability is a key component of MYCN oncogenesis and is maintained by multiple feedforward expression loops involving MYCN transactivation target genes. Here, we reveal the oncogenic role of a novel MYCN target and binding protein, proliferation-associated 2AG4 (PA2G4). Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that MYCN occupies the PA2G4 gene promoter, stimulating transcription. Direct binding of PA2G4 to MYCN protein blocked proteolysis of MYCN and enhanced colony formation in a MYCN-dependent manner. Using molecular modeling, surface plasmon resonance, and mutagenesis studies, we mapped the MYCN-PA2G4 interaction site to a 14 amino acid MYCN sequence and a surface crevice of PA2G4. Competitive chemical inhibition of the MYCN-PA2G4 protein-protein interface had potent inhibitory effects on neuroblastoma tumorigenesis in vivo. Treated tumors showed reduced levels of both MYCN and PA2G4. Our findings demonstrate a critical role for PA2G4 as a cofactor in MYCN-driven neuroblastoma and highlight competitive inhibition of the PA2G4-MYCN protein binding as a novel therapeutic strategy in the disease. SIGNIFICANCE: Competitive chemical inhibition of the PA2G4-MYCN protein interface provides a basis for drug design of small molecules targeting MYC and MYCN-binding partners in malignancies driven by MYC family oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Koach
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jessica K Holien
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hassina Massudi
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel R Carter
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's & Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick New South Wales, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Olivia C Ciampa
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mika Herath
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Taylor Lim
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janith A Seneviratne
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Giorgio Milazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jayne E Murray
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UNSW, Australia
| | - Bing Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bryce Keenan
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brendan W Stevenson
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael A Gorman
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica L Bell
- The Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Larissa Doughty
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- The Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Andre Oberthuer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrew J Gifford
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shizhen Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - W Clay Gustafson
- Department of Pediatrics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Giovanni Perini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michael W Parker
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belamy B Cheung
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia. .,School of Women's & Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia. .,School of Women's & Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick New South Wales, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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34
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pancreatic β-cells play a critical role in whole-body glucose homeostasis by regulating the release of insulin in response to minute by minute alterations in metabolic demand. As such, β-cells are staunchly resilient but there are circumstances where they can become functionally compromised or physically lost due to pathophysiological changes which culminate in overt hyperglycemia and diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS In humans, β-cell mass appears to be largely defined in the postnatal period and this early replicative and generative phase is followed by a refractory state which persists throughout life. Despite this, efforts to identify physiological and pharmacological factors which might re-initiate β-cell replication (or cause the replenishment of β-cells by neogenesis or transdifferentiation) are beginning to bear fruit. Controlled manipulation of β-cell mass in humans still represents a holy grail for therapeutic intervention in diabetes, but progress is being made which may lead to ultimate success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Basile
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Noel G. Morgan
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
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35
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The significance of N-methylpicolinamides in the development of anticancer therapeutics: Synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:513-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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36
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Lenz DR, Gunewardene N, Abdul-Aziz DE, Wang Q, Gibson TM, Edge ASB. Applications of Lgr5-Positive Cochlear Progenitors (LCPs) to the Study of Hair Cell Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:14. [PMID: 30873406 PMCID: PMC6401656 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse cochlea contains approximately 15,000 hair cells. Its dimensions and location, and the small number of hair cells, make mechanistic, developmental and cellular replacement studies difficult. We recently published a protocol to expand and differentiate murine neonatal cochlear progenitor cells into 3D organoids that recapitulate developmental pathways and can generate large numbers of hair cells with intact stereociliary bundles, molecular markers of the native cells and mechanotransduction channel activity, as indicated by FM1-43 uptake. Here, we elaborate on the method and application of these Lgr5-positive cochlear progenitors, termed LCPs, to the study of inner ear development and differentiation. We demonstrate the use of these cells for testing several drug candidates, gene silencing and overexpression, as well as genomic modification using CRISPR/Cas9. We thus establish LCPs as a valuable in vitro tool for the analysis of progenitor cell manipulation and hair cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Lenz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Niliksha Gunewardene
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dunia E Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tyler M Gibson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Albert S B Edge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
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37
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IPP-1 controls Akt/CREB phosphorylation extension in A 2a adenosine receptor signaling cascade in MIN6 pancreatic β-cell line. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 850:88-96. [PMID: 30772395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through A2a adenosine receptor specifically prevent pancreatic β-cells (PBCs) loses under diabetogenic conditions. However, signaling mediators of this receptor in PBCs remained unidentified. Thus, we aimed to investigate the possible involvement of PKA/Akt/IPP-1/CREB pathway in MIN6 β-cells. In addition, we investigated IPP-1 role in A2a receptor signaling pathway. The expression of A2a receptor in MIN6 cell line was evaluated by RT-PCR and its functionality confirmed by quantification of cAMP in response to the CGS 21680, an A2a receptor agonist. MTT and Brdu assays were used to evaluate cell viability and proliferation, respectively. PKA activity and insulin release were evaluated using ELISA methods. P-Akt/Akt, p-IPP-1/IPP-1, and p-CREB/CREB levels were assessed using western blotting. IPP-1 knock down assessments was performed using specific siRNA. Our result revealed that MIN6 cells express A2a receptor which actively increased cAMP levels (with EC50 = 2.41 µM) and PKA activity. Activation of this receptor increased cell viability, proliferation and insulin release. Moreover, we mentioned A2a receptor stimulation increased p-Akt, p-IPP-1, and p-CREB levels in dose (max at 10 µM of CGS 21680) and time (max at 30 min after CGS 21680 treatment) dependent manner. Interestingly, herein, we found in IPP-1 knocked down cells, A2a receptor failed to activate Akt and CREB. Altogether, we mentioned that in MIN6 cells A2a receptor increase cell viability, proliferation and insulin release through PKA/Akt/IPP-1/CREB signaling pathway. In addition, we conclude A2a receptor signaling through this pathway is dependent to activation of IPP-1.
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38
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Baeyens L, Lemper M, Staels W, De Groef S, De Leu N, Heremans Y, German MS, Heimberg H. (Re)generating Human Beta Cells: Status, Pitfalls, and Perspectives. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1143-1167. [PMID: 29717931 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus results from disturbed glucose homeostasis due to an absolute (type 1) or relative (type 2) deficiency of insulin, a peptide hormone almost exclusively produced by the beta cells of the endocrine pancreas in a tightly regulated manner. Current therapy only delays disease progression through insulin injection and/or oral medications that increase insulin secretion or sensitivity, decrease hepatic glucose production, or promote glucosuria. These drugs have turned diabetes into a chronic disease as they do not solve the underlying beta cell defects or entirely prevent the long-term complications of hyperglycemia. Beta cell replacement through islet transplantation is a more physiological therapeutic alternative but is severely hampered by donor shortage and immune rejection. A curative strategy should combine newer approaches to immunomodulation with beta cell replacement. Success of this approach depends on the development of practical methods for generating beta cells, either in vitro or in situ through beta cell replication or beta cell differentiation. This review provides an overview of human beta cell generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Baeyens
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels , Belgium ; Diabetes Center, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California ; Genentech Safety Assessment, South San Francisco, California ; Investigative Toxicology, UCB BioPharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium ; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University, Hospital and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels , Belgium ; and Department of Endocrinology, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis Aalst, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Marie Lemper
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels , Belgium ; Diabetes Center, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California ; Genentech Safety Assessment, South San Francisco, California ; Investigative Toxicology, UCB BioPharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium ; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University, Hospital and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels , Belgium ; and Department of Endocrinology, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis Aalst, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Willem Staels
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels , Belgium ; Diabetes Center, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California ; Genentech Safety Assessment, South San Francisco, California ; Investigative Toxicology, UCB BioPharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium ; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University, Hospital and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels , Belgium ; and Department of Endocrinology, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis Aalst, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Groef
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels , Belgium ; Diabetes Center, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California ; Genentech Safety Assessment, South San Francisco, California ; Investigative Toxicology, UCB BioPharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium ; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University, Hospital and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels , Belgium ; and Department of Endocrinology, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis Aalst, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Nico De Leu
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels , Belgium ; Diabetes Center, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California ; Genentech Safety Assessment, South San Francisco, California ; Investigative Toxicology, UCB BioPharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium ; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University, Hospital and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels , Belgium ; and Department of Endocrinology, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis Aalst, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Yves Heremans
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels , Belgium ; Diabetes Center, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California ; Genentech Safety Assessment, South San Francisco, California ; Investigative Toxicology, UCB BioPharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium ; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University, Hospital and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels , Belgium ; and Department of Endocrinology, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis Aalst, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Michael S German
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels , Belgium ; Diabetes Center, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California ; Genentech Safety Assessment, South San Francisco, California ; Investigative Toxicology, UCB BioPharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium ; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University, Hospital and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels , Belgium ; and Department of Endocrinology, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis Aalst, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels , Belgium ; Diabetes Center, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California ; Genentech Safety Assessment, South San Francisco, California ; Investigative Toxicology, UCB BioPharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium ; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University, Hospital and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels , Belgium ; and Department of Endocrinology, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis Aalst, Aalst, Belgium
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39
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Zhang J, Wang Q, Abdul-Aziz D, Mattiacio J, Edge ASB, White PM. ERBB2 signaling drives supporting cell proliferation in vitro and apparent supernumerary hair cell formation in vivo in the neonatal mouse cochlea. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:3299-3316. [PMID: 30270571 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, cochlear hair cells are not regenerated once they are lost, leading to permanent hearing deficits. In other vertebrates, the adjacent supporting cells act as a stem cell compartment, in that they both proliferate and differentiate into de novo auditory hair cells. Although there is evidence that mammalian cochlear supporting cells can differentiate into new hair cells, the signals that regulate this process are poorly characterized. We hypothesize that signaling from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family may play a role in cochlear regeneration. We focus on one such member, ERBB2, and report the effects of expressing a constitutively active ERBB2 receptor in neonatal mouse cochlear supporting cells, using viruses and transgenic expression. Lineage tracing with fluorescent reporter proteins was used to determine the relationships between cells with active ERBB2 signaling and cells that divided or differentiated into hair cells. In vitro, individual supporting cells harbouring a constitutively active ERBB2 receptor appeared to signal to their neighbouring supporting cells, inducing them to down-regulate a supporting cell marker and to proliferate. In vivo, we found supernumerary hair cell-like cells near supporting cells that expressed ERBB2 receptors. Both supporting cell proliferation and hair cell differentiation were largely reproduced in vitro using small molecules that we show also activate ERBB2. Our data suggest that signaling from the receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB2 can drive the activation of secondary signaling pathways to regulate regeneration, suggesting a new model where an interplay of cell signaling regulates regeneration by endogenous stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dunia Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonelle Mattiacio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Albert S B Edge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia M White
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
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40
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Xu J, Jia YF, Tapadar S, Weaver JD, Raji IO, Pithadia DJ, Javeed N, García AJ, Choi DS, Matveyenko AV, Oyelere AK, Shin CH. Inhibition of TBK1/IKKε Promotes Regeneration of Pancreatic β-cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15587. [PMID: 30349097 PMCID: PMC6197228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
β-cell proliferation induction is a promising therapeutic strategy to restore β-cell mass. By screening small molecules in a transgenic zebrafish model of type 1 diabetes, we identified inhibitors of non-canonical IκB kinases (IKKs), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IκB kinase ε (IKKε), as enhancers of β-cell regeneration. The most potent β-cell regeneration enhancer was a cinnamic acid derivative (E)-3-(3-phenylbenzo[c]isoxazol-5-yl)acrylic acid (PIAA), which, acting through the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), stimulated β-cell-specific proliferation by increasing cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity. A combination of PIAA and cilostamide, an inhibitor of β-cell-enriched cAMP hydrolyzing enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3, enhanced β-cell proliferation, whereas overexpression of PDE3 blunted the mitogenic effect of PIAA in zebrafish. PIAA augmented proliferation of INS-1β-cells and β-cells in mammalian islets including human islets with elevation in cAMP levels and insulin secretion. PIAA improved glycemic control in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice with increases in β-cell proliferation, β-cell area, and insulin content in the pancreas. Collectively, these data reveal an evolutionarily conserved and critical role of TBK1/IKKε suppression in expanding functional β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- School of Biological Sciences and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Yun-Fang Jia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Subhasish Tapadar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Idris O Raji
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Deeti J Pithadia
- School of Biological Sciences and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Chong Hyun Shin
- School of Biological Sciences and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine was first reported to lower daily insulin dose and improve glycemic control in patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) in 1984. While renal toxicity limited cyclosporine's extended use, this observation ignited collaborative efforts to identify immunotherapeutic agents capable of safely preserving β cells in patients with or at risk for T1D. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in T1D prediction and early diagnosis, together with expanded knowledge of the disease mechanisms, have facilitated trials targeting specific immune cell subsets, autoantigens, and pathways. In addition, clinical responder and non-responder subsets have been defined through the use of metabolic and immunological readouts. Herein, we review emerging T1D biomarkers within the context of recent and ongoing T1D immunotherapy trials. We also discuss responder/non-responder analyses in an effort to identify therapeutic mechanisms, define actionable pathways, and guide subject selection, drug dosing, and tailored combination drug therapy for future T1D trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brittney N Newby
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building J-589, Box 100275, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building J-589, Box 100275, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Amanda L Posgai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building J-589, Box 100275, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Michael J Haller
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building J-589, Box 100275, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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42
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Qin H, Zhao A, Fu X. Chemical modulation of cell fates: in situ regeneration. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:1137-1150. [PMID: 30099708 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modulation of cell fates has been widely used to promote tissue and organ regeneration. Small molecules can target the self-renewal, expansion, differentiation, and survival of endogenous stem cells for enhancing their regenerative power or induce dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation of mature cells into proliferative progenitors or specialized cell types needed for regeneration. Here, we discuss current progress and potential using small molecules to promote in vivo regenerative processes by regulating the cell fate. Current studies of small molecules in regeneration will provide insights into developing safe and efficient chemical approaches for in situ tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qin
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Cell Biology and Tissue Repair Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Wound Repair and Regeneration of PLA, the First Hospital Affiliated to the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Andong Zhao
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Cell Biology and Tissue Repair Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Wound Repair and Regeneration of PLA, the First Hospital Affiliated to the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Cell Biology and Tissue Repair Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Wound Repair and Regeneration of PLA, the First Hospital Affiliated to the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China. .,College of Life Sciences, PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, 100853, China.
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43
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Um J, Lee JH, Jung DW, Williams DR. Re-education begins at home: an overview of the discovery of in vivo-active small molecule modulators of endogenous stem cells. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:307-326. [PMID: 29421943 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1437140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, heart disease and arthritis cause great suffering and are major socioeconomic burdens. An attractive treatment approach is stem cell transplantation to regenerate damaged or destroyed tissues. However, this can be problematic. For example, donor cells may not functionally integrate into the host tissue. An alternative methodology is to deliver bioactive agents, such as small molecules, directly into the diseased tissue to enhance the regenerative potential of endogenous stem cells. Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss the necessity of developing these small molecules to treat degenerative diseases and survey progress in their application as therapeutics. They describe both the successes and caveats of developing small molecules that target endogenous stem cells to induce tissue regeneration. This article is based on literature searches which encompass databases for biomedical research and clinical trials. These small molecules are also categorized per their target disease and mechanism of action. Expert opinion: The development of small molecules targeting endogenous stem cells is a high-profile research area. Some compounds have made the successful transition to the clinic. Novel approaches, such as modulating the stem cell niche or targeted delivery to disease sites, should increase the likelihood of future successes in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungIn Um
- a New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Buk-Gu , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyung Lee
- a New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Buk-Gu , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- a New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Buk-Gu , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Darren R Williams
- a New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Buk-Gu , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
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44
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Abstract
The novel genome-wide assays of epigenetic marks have resulted in a greater understanding of how genetics and the environment interact in the development and inheritance of diabetes. Chronic hyperglycemia induces epigenetic changes in multiple organs, contributing to diabetic complications. Specific epigenetic-modifying compounds have been developed to erase these modifications, possibly slowing down the onset of diabetes-related complications. The current review is an update of the previously published paper, describing the most recent advances in the epigenetics of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fodor
- University of Medicine & Pharmacy ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Department of Diabetes, Nutrition & Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Angela Cozma
- University of Medicine & Pharmacy ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinical Hospital CF, Department of Internal Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eddy Karnieli
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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45
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Kimura A, Toyoda T, Nishi Y, Nasu M, Ohta A, Osafune K. Small molecule AT7867 proliferates PDX1-expressing pancreatic progenitor cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2017; 24:61-68. [PMID: 28843156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While pancreatic islet transplantation achieves insulin independence in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients, its widespread application is limited by donor tissue scarcity. Pancreatic progenitor cells (PPCs) give rise to all cell types in the pancreas during development. PPCs derived from human pluripotent stem cells have been shown to differentiate into functional β cells both in vitro and in vivo, and to reverse hyperglycemia, at least in mice. Therefore, PPCs have great potential to serve as an alternative cell source for cell therapy, and the identification of compounds that facilitate PPC proliferation could provide stable and large-scale pancreatic cell preparation systems in clinical settings. Here, we developed and performed cell-based screens to identify small molecules that induce the proliferation of hiPSC-derived PDX1-expressing PPCs. The screening identified AT7867, which promoted PPC proliferation approximately five-fold within six days through the maintenance of a high Ki67+ cell ratio. The induced proliferation by AT7867 does not result in DNA damage, as revealed by pHH2AX staining, and is observed specifically in PPCs but not other cell types. The established platform utilizing small molecules for PPC proliferation may contribute to the development of cell therapy for T1D using a regenerative medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azuma Kimura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taro Toyoda
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yohei Nishi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Nasu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Ohta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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46
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Ma X, Zhu S. Chemical strategies for pancreatic β cell differentiation, reprogramming, and regeneration. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:289-301. [PMID: 28338772 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of unlimited functional pancreatic β cells is critical for the study of pancreatic biology and treatment of diabetes mellitus. Recent advances have suggested several promising directions, including directed differentiation of pancreatic β cells from pluripotent stem cells, reprogramming of pancreatic β cells from other types of somatic cells, and stimulated proliferation and enhanced functions of existing pancreatic β cells. Small molecules are useful in generating unlimited numbers of functional pancreatic cells in vitro and could be further developed as drugs to stimulate endogenous pancreatic regeneration. Here, we provide an updated summary of recent major achievements in pancreatic β cell differentiation, reprogramming, proliferation, and function. These studies will eventually lead to significant advances in the field of pancreatic biology and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Ma
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Saiyong Zhu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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47
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Paunovic AI, Drowley L, Nordqvist A, Ericson E, Mouchet E, Jonebring A, Grönberg G, Kvist AJ, Engkvist O, Brown MR, Gedda K, Goumans MJ, Wang QD, Plowright AT. Phenotypic Screen for Cardiac Regeneration Identifies Molecules with Differential Activity in Human Epicardium-Derived Cells versus Cardiac Fibroblasts. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:132-141. [PMID: 28103692 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Activation and proliferation of resident cardiac progenitor cells has therapeutic potential to repair the heart after injury. However, research has been impeded by a lack of well-defined and characterized cell sources and difficulties in translation to screening platforms. Here, we describe the development, validation, and use of a 384-well phenotypic assay in primary human epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) to identify compounds that induce proliferation while maintaining the progenitor phenotype. Using this assay, we screened 7400 structurally diverse compounds where greater than 90% are biologically annotated and known to modulate a broad range of biological targets. From the primary screen, we identified and validated hits and expanded upon the lead molecules of interest. A counterscreen was developed in human cardiac fibroblasts to filter out compounds with a general proliferative effect, after which the activity of selected molecules was confirmed across multiple EPDC donors. To further examine the mechanism of action of compounds with annotated targets, we performed knockdown experiments to understand whether a single known target was responsible for the proliferative effect, confirming results with protein expression and activity assays. Here, we were able to show that the annotated targets of compounds of interest were not responsible for the proliferative effect, which highlights potential differences in cell types and signaling pathways and possible polypharmacology. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of using relevant human primary cells in a phenotypic screen to identify compounds as novel biological tools and starting points for drug discovery projects, and we disclose the first small molecules to proliferate human primary EPDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Mouchet
- Discovery
Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin R. Brown
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Darwin, 310 Milton Science Park, Milton Rd., Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marie-José Goumans
- Molecular
Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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48
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Aamodt KI, Aramandla R, Brown JJ, Fiaschi-Taesch N, Wang P, Stewart AF, Brissova M, Powers AC. Development of a reliable automated screening system to identify small molecules and biologics that promote human β-cell regeneration. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E859-E868. [PMID: 27624103 PMCID: PMC5130356 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00515.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous compounds stimulate rodent β-cell proliferation; however, translating these findings to human β-cells remains a challenge. To examine human β-cell proliferation in response to such compounds, we developed a medium-throughput in vitro method of quantifying adult human β-cell proliferation markers. This method is based on high-content imaging of dispersed islet cells seeded in 384-well plates and automated cell counting that identifies fluorescently labeled β-cells with high specificity using both nuclear and cytoplasmic markers. β-Cells from each donor were assessed for their function and ability to enter the cell cycle by cotransduction with adenoviruses encoding cell cycle regulators cdk6 and cyclin D3. Using this approach, we tested 12 previously identified mitogens, including neurotransmitters, hormones, growth factors, and molecules, involved in adenosine and Tgf-1β signaling. Each compound was tested in a wide concentration range either in the presence of basal (5 mM) or high (11 mM) glucose. Treatment with the control compound harmine, a Dyrk1a inhibitor, led to a significant increase in Ki-67+ β-cells, whereas treatment with other compounds had limited to no effect on human β-cell proliferation. This new scalable approach reduces the time and effort required for sensitive and specific evaluation of human β-cell proliferation, thus allowing for increased testing of candidate human β-cell mitogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie I Aamodt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Radhika Aramandla
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Judy J Brown
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nathalie Fiaschi-Taesch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Peng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Andrew F Stewart
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
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49
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Lu J, Xia Q, Zhou Q. How to make insulin-producing pancreatic β cells for diabetes treatment. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 60:239-248. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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50
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Pradhan P, Upadhyay N, Tiwari A, Singh LP. Genetic and epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy: a molecular link to regulate gene expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:192-204. [PMID: 28691104 DOI: 10.15761/nfo.1000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intensification in the frequency of diabetes and the associated vascular complications has been a root cause of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. One such vascular complication which has been the prominent cause of blindness; retinal vasculature, neuronal and glial abnormalities is diabetic retinopathy (DR), a chronic complicated outcome of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. It has also become clear that "genetic" variations in population alone can't explain the development and progression of diabetes and its complications including DR. DR experiences engagement of foremost mediators of diabetes such as hyperglycemia, oxidant stress, and inflammatory factors that lead to the dysregulation of "epigenetic" mechanisms involving histone acetylation and histone and DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and expression of a complex set of stress-regulated and disease-associated genes. In addition, both elevated glucose concentration and insulin resistance leave a robust effect on epigenetic reprogramming of the endothelial cells too, since endothelium associated with the eye aids in maintaining the vascular homeostasis. Furthermore, several studies conducted on the disease suggest that the modifications of the epigenome might be the fundamental mechanism(s) for the proposed metabolic memory' resulting into prolonged gene expression for inflammation and cellular dysfunction even after attaining the glycemic control in diabetics. Henceforth, the present review focuses on the aspects of genetic and epigenetic alterations in genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor and aldose reductase considered being associated with DR. In addition, we discuss briefly the role of the thioredoxin-interacting protein TXNIP, which is strongly induced by high glucose and diabetes, in cellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction potentially leading to chromatin remodeling and ocular complications of diabetes. The identification of disease-associated genes and their epigenetic regulations will lead to potential new drugs and gene therapies as well as personalized medicine to prevent or slow down the progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Pradhan
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nisha Upadhyay
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Lalit P Singh
- Departments of Anatomy/Cell Biology and Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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