1
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Shapiro MR, Dong X, Perry DJ, McNichols JM, Thirawatananond P, Posgai AL, Peters LD, Motwani K, Musca RS, Muir A, Concannon P, Jacobsen LM, Mathews CE, Wasserfall CH, Haller MJ, Schatz DA, Atkinson MA, Brusko MA, Bacher R, Brusko TM. Human immune phenotyping reveals accelerated aging in type 1 diabetes. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170767. [PMID: 37498686 PMCID: PMC10544250 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportions and phenotypes of immune cell subsets in peripheral blood undergo continual and dramatic remodeling throughout the human life span, which complicates efforts to identify disease-associated immune signatures in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We conducted cross-sectional flow cytometric immune profiling on peripheral blood from 826 individuals (stage 3 T1D, their first-degree relatives, those with ≥2 islet autoantibodies, and autoantibody-negative unaffected controls). We constructed an immune age predictive model in unaffected participants and observed accelerated immune aging in T1D. We used generalized additive models for location, shape, and scale to obtain age-corrected data for flow cytometry and complete blood count readouts, which can be visualized in our interactive portal (ImmScape); 46 parameters were significantly associated with age only, 25 with T1D only, and 23 with both age and T1D. Phenotypes associated with accelerated immunological aging in T1D included increased CXCR3+ and programmed cell death 1-positive (PD-1+) frequencies in naive and memory T cell subsets, despite reduced PD-1 expression levels on memory T cells. Phenotypes associated with T1D after age correction were predictive of T1D status. Our findings demonstrate advanced immune aging in T1D and highlight disease-associated phenotypes for biomarker monitoring and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R. Shapiro
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and
- Diabetes Institute and
| | - Xiaoru Dong
- Diabetes Institute and
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel J. Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and
- Diabetes Institute and
| | - James M. McNichols
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and
- Diabetes Institute and
| | - Puchong Thirawatananond
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and
- Diabetes Institute and
| | - Amanda L. Posgai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and
- Diabetes Institute and
| | - Leeana D. Peters
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and
- Diabetes Institute and
| | - Keshav Motwani
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and
- Diabetes Institute and
| | - Richard S. Musca
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and
- Diabetes Institute and
| | - Andrew Muir
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Patrick Concannon
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and
- Diabetes Institute and
- Genetics Institute and
| | - Laura M. Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and
- Diabetes Institute and
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and
- Diabetes Institute and
| | - Clive H. Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and
- Diabetes Institute and
| | - Michael J. Haller
- Diabetes Institute and
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Desmond A. Schatz
- Diabetes Institute and
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and
- Diabetes Institute and
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Maigan A. Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and
- Diabetes Institute and
| | - Rhonda Bacher
- Diabetes Institute and
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Todd M. Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and
- Diabetes Institute and
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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2
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Jacobsen LM, Diggins K, Blanchfield L, McNichols J, Perry DJ, Brant J, Dong X, Bacher R, Gersuk VH, Schatz DA, Atkinson MA, Mathews CE, Haller MJ, Long SA, Linsley PS, Brusko TM. Responders to low-dose ATG induce CD4+ T cell exhaustion in type 1 diabetes. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e161812. [PMID: 37432736 PMCID: PMC10543726 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDLow-dose anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) transiently preserves C-peptide and lowers HbA1c in individuals with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, the mechanisms of action and features of the response remain unclear. Here, we characterized the post hoc immunological outcomes of ATG administration and their potential use as biomarkers of metabolic response to therapy (i.e., improved preservation of endogenous insulin production).METHODSWe assessed gene and protein expression, targeted gene methylation, and cytokine concentrations in peripheral blood following treatment with ATG (n = 29), ATG plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (ATG/G-CSF, n = 28), or placebo (n = 31).RESULTSTreatment with low-dose ATG preserved regulatory T cells (Tregs), as measured by stable methylation of FOXP3 Treg-specific demethylation region (TSDR) and increased proportions of CD4+FOXP3+ Tregs (P < 0.001) identified by flow cytometry. While treatment effects were consistent across participants, not all maintained C-peptide. Responders exhibited a transient rise in IL-6, IP-10, and TNF-α (P < 0.05 for all) 2 weeks after treatment and a durable CD4+ exhaustion phenotype (increased PD-1+KLRG1+CD57- on CD4+ T cells [P = 0.011] and PD1+CD4+ Temra MFI [P < 0.001] at 12 weeks, following ATG and ATG/G-CSF, respectively). ATG nonresponders displayed higher proportions of senescent T cells (at baseline and after treatment) and increased methylation of EOMES (i.e., less expression of this exhaustion marker).CONCLUSIONAltogether in these exploratory analyses, Th1 inflammation-associated serum and CD4+ exhaustion transcript and cellular phenotyping profiles may be useful for identifying signatures of clinical response to ATG in T1D.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02215200.FUNDINGThe Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (2019PG-T1D011), the NIH (R01 DK106191 Supplement, K08 DK128628), NIH TrialNet (U01 DK085461), and the NIH NIAID (P01 AI042288).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kirsten Diggins
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lori Blanchfield
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James McNichols
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel J. Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jason Brant
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaoru Dong
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rhonda Bacher
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Vivian H. Gersuk
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Desmond A. Schatz
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael J. Haller
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - S. Alice Long
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter S. Linsley
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Todd M. Brusko
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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3
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Perry DJ, Shapiro MR, Chamberlain SW, Kusmartseva I, Chamala S, Balzano-Nogueira L, Yang M, Brant JO, Brusko M, Williams MD, McGrail KM, McNichols J, Peters LD, Posgai AL, Kaddis JS, Mathews CE, Wasserfall CH, Webb-Robertson BJM, Campbell-Thompson M, Schatz D, Evans-Molina C, Pugliese A, Concannon P, Anderson MS, German MS, Chamberlain CE, Atkinson MA, Brusko TM. A genomic data archive from the Network for Pancreatic Organ donors with Diabetes. Sci Data 2023; 10:323. [PMID: 37237059 PMCID: PMC10219990 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Network for Pancreatic Organ donors with Diabetes (nPOD) is the largest biorepository of human pancreata and associated immune organs from donors with type 1 diabetes (T1D), maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes, islet autoantibody positivity (AAb+), and without diabetes. nPOD recovers, processes, analyzes, and distributes high-quality biospecimens, collected using optimized standard operating procedures, and associated de-identified data/metadata to researchers around the world. Herein describes the release of high-parameter genotyping data from this collection. 372 donors were genotyped using a custom precision medicine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray. Data were technically validated using published algorithms to evaluate donor relatedness, ancestry, imputed HLA, and T1D genetic risk score. Additionally, 207 donors were assessed for rare known and novel coding region variants via whole exome sequencing (WES). These data are publicly-available to enable genotype-specific sample requests and the study of novel genotype:phenotype associations, aiding in the mission of nPOD to enhance understanding of diabetes pathogenesis to promote the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Melanie R Shapiro
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Sonya W Chamberlain
- Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Irina Kusmartseva
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Srikar Chamala
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Leandro Balzano-Nogueira
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Mingder Yang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jason O Brant
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Maigan Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - MacKenzie D Williams
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kieran M McGrail
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - James McNichols
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Leeana D Peters
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Amanda L Posgai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - John S Kaddis
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Discovery Science, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Bobbie-Jo M Webb-Robertson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Martha Campbell-Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Desmond Schatz
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Alberto Pugliese
- Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33021, USA
| | - Patrick Concannon
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Michael S German
- Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Chester E Chamberlain
- Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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4
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Kaddis JS, Perry DJ, Vu AN, Rich SS, Atkinson MA, Schatz DA, Roep BO, Brusko TM. Improving the Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes Across Ancestries. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:e48-e50. [PMID: 35043156 PMCID: PMC8918258 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John S Kaddis
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Discovery Science, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Anh Nguyet Vu
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Discovery Science, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Desmond A Schatz
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Bart O Roep
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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5
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Yang JHM, Ward-Hartstonge KA, Perry DJ, Blanchfield JL, Posgai AL, Wiedeman AE, Diggins K, Rahman A, Tree TIM, Brusko TM, Levings MK, James EA, Kent SC, Speake C, Homann D, Long SA. Guidelines for standardizing T cell cytometry assays to link biomarkers, mechanisms, and disease outcomes in type 1 diabetes. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:372-388. [PMID: 35025103 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytometric immunophenotyping is a powerful tool to discover and implement T cell biomarkers of type 1 diabetes (T1D) progression and response to clinical therapy. Although many discovery-based T cell biomarkers have been described, to date, no such markers have been widely adopted in standard practice. The heterogeneous nature of T1D and lack of standardized assays and experimental design across studies is a major barrier to the broader adoption of T cell immunophenotyping assays. There is an unmet need to harmonize the design of immunophenotyping assays, including those that measure antigen-agnostic cell populations, such that data collected from different clinical trial sites and T1D cohorts are comparable, yet account for cohort-specific features and different drug mechanisms of action. In these Guidelines, we aim to provide expert advice on how to unify aspects of study design and practice. We provide recommendations for defining cohorts, method implementation, as well as tools for data analysis and reporting by highlighting and building on selected successes. Harmonization of cytometry-based T cell assays will allow researchers to better integrate findings across trials, ultimately enabling the identification and validation of biomarkers of disease progression and treatment response in T1D. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie H M Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsten A Ward-Hartstonge
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CA.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, British Columbia, Vancouver, CA
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J Lori Blanchfield
- Center for Translational Research, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda L Posgai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alice E Wiedeman
- Center for Translational Research, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kirsten Diggins
- Center for Translational Research, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adeeb Rahman
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy I M Tree
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CA.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, British Columbia, Vancouver, CA.,School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, CA
| | - Eddie A James
- Center for Translational Research, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sally C Kent
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cate Speake
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dirk Homann
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Alice Long
- Center for Translational Research, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
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- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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6
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Japp AS, Meng W, Rosenfeld AM, Perry DJ, Thirawatananond P, Bacher RL, Liu C, Gardner JS, Atkinson MA, Kaestner KH, Brusko TM, Naji A, Luning Prak ET, Betts MR. TCR +/BCR + dual-expressing cells and their associated public BCR clonotype are not enriched in type 1 diabetes. Cell 2021; 184:827-839.e14. [PMID: 33545036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ahmed and colleagues recently described a novel hybrid lymphocyte expressing both a B and T cell receptor, termed double expresser (DE) cells. DE cells in blood of type 1 diabetes (T1D) subjects were present at increased numbers and enriched for a public B cell clonotype. Here, we attempted to reproduce these findings. While we could identify DE cells by flow cytometry, we found no association between DE cell frequency and T1D status. We were unable to identify the reported public B cell clone, or any similar clone, in bulk B cells or sorted DE cells from T1D subjects or controls. We also did not observe increased usage of the public clone VH or DH genes in B cells or in sorted DE cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that DE cells and their alleged public clonotype are not enriched in T1D. This Matters Arising paper is in response to Ahmed et al. (2019), published in Cell. See also the response by Ahmed et al. (2021), published in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sada Japp
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron M Rosenfeld
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Puchong Thirawatananond
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rhonda L Bacher
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jay S Gardner
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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- The Human Pancreas Analysis Program, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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7
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Perry DJ, Peters LD, Lakshmi PS, Zhang L, Han Z, Wasserfall CH, Mathews CE, Atkinson MA, Brusko TM. Overexpression of the PTPN22 Autoimmune Risk Variant LYP-620W Fails to Restrain Human CD4 + T Cell Activation. J Immunol 2021; 207:849-859. [PMID: 34301848 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A missense mutation (R620W) of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22), which encodes lymphoid-tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), confers genetic risk for multiple autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes. LYP has been putatively demonstrated to attenuate proximal T and BCR signaling. However, limited data exist regarding PTPN22 expression within primary T cell subsets and the impact of the type 1 diabetes risk variant on human T cell activity. In this study, we demonstrate endogenous PTPN22 is differentially expressed and dynamically controlled following activation. From control subjects homozygous for the nonrisk allele, we observed 2.1- (p < 0.05) and 3.6-fold (p < 0.001) more PTPN22 transcripts in resting CD4+ memory and regulatory T cells (Tregs), respectively, over naive CD4+ T cells, with expression peaking 24 h postactivation. When LYP was overexpressed in conventional CD4+ T cells, TCR signaling and activation were blunted by LYP-620R (p < 0.001) but only modestly affected by the LYP-620W risk variant versus mock-transfected control, with similar results observed in Tregs. LYP overexpression only impacted proliferation following activation by APCs but not anti-CD3- and anti-CD28-coated microbeads, suggesting LYP modulation of pathways other than TCR. Notably, proliferation was significantly lower with LYP-620R than with LYP-620W overexpression in conventional CD4+ T cells but was similar in Treg. These data indicate that the LYP-620W variant is hypomorphic in the context of human CD4+ T cell activation and may have important implications for therapies seeking to restore immunological tolerance in autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; and
| | - Leeana D Peters
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; and
| | - Priya Saikumar Lakshmi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; and
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; and
| | - Zhao Han
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; and
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; and
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; and
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; and .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
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8
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Shapiro MR, Thirawatananond P, Peters L, Sharp RC, Ogundare S, Posgai AL, Perry DJ, Brusko TM. De-coding genetic risk variants in type 1 diabetes. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:496-508. [PMID: 33483996 PMCID: PMC8119379 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The conceptual basis for a genetic predisposition underlying the risk for developing type 1 diabetes (T1D) predates modern human molecular genetics. Over half of the genetic risk has been attributed to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II gene region and to the insulin (INS) gene locus - both thought to confer direction of autoreactivity and tissue specificity. Notwithstanding, questions still remain regarding the functional contributions of a vast array of minor polygenic risk variants scattered throughout the genome that likely influence disease heterogeneity and clinical outcomes. Herein, we summarize the available literature related to the T1D-associated coding variants defined at the time of this review, for the genes PTPN22, IFIH1, SH2B3, CD226, TYK2, FUT2, SIRPG, CTLA4, CTSH and UBASH3A. Data from genotype-selected human cohorts are summarized, and studies from the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse are presented to describe the functional impact of these variants in relation to innate and adaptive immunity as well as to β-cell fragility, with expression profiles in tissues and peripheral blood highlighted. The contribution of each variant to progression through T1D staging, including environmental interactions, are discussed with consideration of how their respective protein products may serve as attractive targets for precision medicine-based therapeutics to prevent or suspend the development of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Shapiro
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Puchong Thirawatananond
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Leeana Peters
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Robert C Sharp
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Similoluwa Ogundare
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Amanda L Posgai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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9
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Rana J, Perry DJ, Kumar SRP, Muñoz-Melero M, Saboungi R, Brusko TM, Biswas M. CAR- and TRuC-redirected regulatory T cells differ in capacity to control adaptive immunity to FVIII. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2660-2676. [PMID: 33940160 PMCID: PMC8417451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) control immune responses in autoimmune disease, transplantation, and enable antigen-specific tolerance induction in protein-replacement therapies. Tregs can exert a broad array of suppressive functions through their T cell receptor (TCR) in a tissue-directed and antigen-specific manner. This capacity can now be harnessed for tolerance induction by "redirecting" polyclonal Tregs to overcome low inherent precursor frequencies and simultaneously augment suppressive functions. With the use of hemophilia A as a model, we sought to engineer antigen-specific Tregs to suppress antibody formation against the soluble therapeutic protein factor (F)VIII in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent fashion. Surprisingly, high-affinity chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-Treg engagement induced a robust effector phenotype that was distinct from the activation signature observed for endogenous thymic Tregs, which resulted in the loss of suppressive activity. Targeted mutations in the CD3ζ or CD28 signaling motifs or interleukin (IL)-10 overexpression were not sufficient to restore tolerance. In contrast, complexing TCR-based signaling with single-chain variable fragment (scFv) recognition to generate TCR fusion construct (TRuC)-Tregs delivered controlled antigen-specific signaling via engagement of the entire TCR complex, thereby directing functional suppression of the FVIII-specific antibody response. These data suggest that cellular therapies employing engineered receptor Tregs will require regulation of activation thresholds to maintain optimal suppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rana
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sandeep R P Kumar
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Maite Muñoz-Melero
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rania Saboungi
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Moanaro Biswas
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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10
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Williams MD, Bacher R, Perry DJ, Grace CR, McGrail KM, Posgai AL, Muir A, Chamala S, Haller MJ, Schatz DA, Brusko TM, Atkinson MA, Wasserfall CH. Genetic Composition and Autoantibody Titers Model the Probability of Detecting C-Peptide Following Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis. Diabetes 2021; 70:932-943. [PMID: 33419759 PMCID: PMC7980194 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We and others previously demonstrated that a type 1 diabetes genetic risk score (GRS) improves the ability to predict disease progression and onset in at-risk subjects with islet autoantibodies. Here, we hypothesized that GRS and islet autoantibodies, combined with age at onset and disease duration, could serve as markers of residual β-cell function following type 1 diabetes diagnosis. Generalized estimating equations were used to investigate whether GRS along with insulinoma-associated protein-2 autoantibody (IA-2A), zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A), and GAD autoantibody (GADA) titers were predictive of C-peptide detection in a largely cross-sectional cohort of 401 subjects with type 1 diabetes (median duration 4.5 years [range 0-60]). Indeed, a combined model with incorporation of disease duration, age at onset, GRS, and titers of IA-2A, ZnT8A, and GADA provided superior capacity to predict C-peptide detection (quasi-likelihood information criterion [QIC] = 334.6) compared with the capacity of disease duration, age at onset, and GRS as the sole parameters (QIC = 359.2). These findings support the need for longitudinal validation of our combinatorial model. The ability to project the rate and extent of decline in residual C-peptide production for individuals with type 1 diabetes could critically inform enrollment and benchmarking for clinical trials where investigators are seeking to preserve or restore endogenous β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacKenzie D Williams
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Rhonda Bacher
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - C Ramsey Grace
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kieran M McGrail
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Amanda L Posgai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Andrew Muir
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Srikar Chamala
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michael J Haller
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Desmond A Schatz
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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11
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Ross JJ, Wasserfall CH, Bacher R, Perry DJ, McGrail K, Posgai AL, Dong X, Muir A, Li X, Campbell-Thompson M, Brusko TM, Schatz DA, Haller MJ, Atkinson MA. Exocrine Pancreatic Enzymes Are a Serological Biomarker for Type 1 Diabetes Staging and Pancreas Size. Diabetes 2021; 70:944-954. [PMID: 33441381 PMCID: PMC7980193 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exocrine pancreas abnormalities are increasingly recognized as features of type 1 diabetes. We previously reported reduced serum trypsinogen levels and in a separate study, smaller pancreata at and before disease onset. We hypothesized that three pancreas enzymes (amylase, lipase, and trypsinogen) might serve as serological biomarkers of pancreas volume and risk for type 1 diabetes. Amylase, lipase, and trypsinogen were measured from two independent cohorts, together comprising 800 serum samples from single-autoantibody-positive (1AAb+) and multiple-AAb+ (≥2AAb+) subjects, individuals with recent-onset or established type 1 diabetes, their AAb-negative (AAb-) first-degree relatives, and AAb- control subjects. Lipase and trypsinogen were significantly reduced in ≥2AAb+, recent-onset, and established type 1 diabetes subjects versus control subjects and 1AAb+, while amylase was reduced only in established type 1 diabetes. Logistic regression models demonstrated trypsinogen plus lipase (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] = 81.4%) performed equivalently to all three enzymes (AUROC = 81.4%) in categorizing ≥2AAb+ versus 1AAb+ subjects. For cohort 2 (n = 246), linear regression demonstrated lipase and trypsinogen levels could individually and collectively serve as indicators of BMI-normalized relative pancreas volume (RPVBMI, P < 0.001), previously measured by MRI. Serum lipase and trypsinogen levels together provide the most sensitive serological biomarker of RPVBMI and may improve disease staging in pretype 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Ross
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL
| | - Rhonda Bacher
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kieran McGrail
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL
| | - Amanda L Posgai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL
| | - Xiaoru Dong
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Andrew Muir
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Martha Campbell-Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL
| | - Desmond A Schatz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michael J Haller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL
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12
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Armitage LH, Stimpson SE, Santostefano KE, Sui L, Ogundare S, Newby BN, Castro-Gutierrez R, Huber MK, Taylor JP, Sharma P, Radichev IA, Perry DJ, Fredette NC, Savinov AY, Wallet MA, Terada N, Brusko TM, Russ HA, Chen J, Egli D, Mathews CE. Use of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Build Isogenic Systems and Investigate Type 1 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:737276. [PMID: 34858326 PMCID: PMC8630743 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.737276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease that arises due to complex immunogenetic mechanisms. Key cell-cell interactions involved in the pathogenesis of T1D are activation of autoreactive T cells by dendritic cells (DC), migration of T cells across endothelial cells (EC) lining capillary walls into the islets of Langerhans, interaction of T cells with macrophages in the islets, and killing of β-cells by autoreactive CD8+ T cells. Overall, pathogenic cell-cell interactions are likely regulated by the individual's collection of genetic T1D-risk variants. To accurately model the role of genetics, it is essential to build systems to interrogate single candidate genes in isolation during the interactions of cells that are essential for disease development. However, obtaining single-donor matched cells relevant to T1D is a challenge. Sourcing these genetic variants from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) avoids this limitation. Herein, we have differentiated iPSC from one donor into DC, macrophages, EC, and β-cells. Additionally, we also engineered T cell avatars from the same donor to provide an in vitro platform to study genetic influences on these critical cellular interactions. This proof of concept demonstrates the ability to derive an isogenic system from a single donor to study these relevant cell-cell interactions. Our system constitutes an interdisciplinary approach with a controlled environment that provides a proof-of-concept for future studies to determine the role of disease alleles (e.g. IFIH1, PTPN22, SH2B3, TYK2) in regulating cell-cell interactions and cell-specific contributions to the pathogenesis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas H. Armitage
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Scott E. Stimpson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Katherine E. Santostefano
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Cellular Reprogramming, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Century Therapeutics, iPSC Biology, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lina Sui
- Department of Pediatrics, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Similoluwa Ogundare
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Brittney N. Newby
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Roberto Castro-Gutierrez
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mollie K. Huber
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jared P. Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Prerana Sharma
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Ilian A. Radichev
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Daniel J. Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Natalie C. Fredette
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Cellular Reprogramming, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alexei Y. Savinov
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Mark A. Wallet
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Century Therapeutics, Immunology, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Naohiro Terada
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Cellular Reprogramming, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Todd M. Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Holger A. Russ
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Dieter Egli
- Department of Pediatrics, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Cellular Reprogramming, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Clayton E. Mathews,
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13
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Sharma V, Perry DJ, Eghtesady P. Role of coxsackie-adenovirus receptor in cardiac development and pathogenesis of congenital heart disease. Birth Defects Res 2020; 113:535-545. [PMID: 33369284 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a cell surface transmembrane protein originally recognized for its role as a binding site for coxsackie- and adeno-viruses. As such, it is believed to play an important role in pathogenesis of myocarditis. Other studies have suggested that CAR also plays an important role in embryonic development, which is not surprising given the strong expression of the receptor in heart, brain, liver, pancreas, kidney, small intestine, and various epithelia during development. A number of studies have looked at downregulation and upregulation of CAR and have confirmed the central role of CAR during critical periods of development. These studies all demonstrated embryonic lethality with variable phenotypes: electrophysiological abnormalities, cardiac structural deformations, and extracardiac abnormalities, such as lymphatic malformations. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing literature about CAR and formulate some questions for future studies, with an emphasis on the role of CAR during embryonic heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Sharma
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Pirooz Eghtesady
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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14
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Carr ALJ, Perry DJ, Lynam AL, Chamala S, Flaxman CS, Sharp SA, Ferrat LA, Jones AG, Beery ML, Jacobsen LM, Wasserfall CH, Campbell-Thompson ML, Kusmartseva I, Posgai A, Schatz DA, Atkinson MA, Brusko TM, Richardson SJ, Shields BM, Oram RA. Histological validation of a type 1 diabetes clinical diagnostic model for classification of diabetes. Diabet Med 2020; 37:2160-2168. [PMID: 32634859 PMCID: PMC8086995 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Misclassification of diabetes is common due to an overlap in the clinical features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Combined diagnostic models incorporating clinical and biomarker information have recently been developed that can aid classification, but they have not been validated using pancreatic pathology. We evaluated a clinical diagnostic model against histologically defined type 1 diabetes. METHODS We classified cases from the Network for Pancreatic Organ donors with Diabetes (nPOD) biobank as type 1 (n = 111) or non-type 1 (n = 42) diabetes using histopathology. Type 1 diabetes was defined by lobular loss of insulin-containing islets along with multiple insulin-deficient islets. We assessed the discriminative performance of previously described type 1 diabetes diagnostic models, based on clinical features (age at diagnosis, BMI) and biomarker data [autoantibodies, type 1 diabetes genetic risk score (T1D-GRS)], and singular features for identifying type 1 diabetes by the area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic (AUC-ROC). RESULTS Diagnostic models validated well against histologically defined type 1 diabetes. The model combining clinical features, islet autoantibodies and T1D-GRS was strongly discriminative of type 1 diabetes, and performed better than clinical features alone (AUC-ROC 0.97 vs. 0.95; P = 0.03). Histological classification of type 1 diabetes was concordant with serum C-peptide [median < 17 pmol/l (limit of detection) vs. 1037 pmol/l in non-type 1 diabetes; P < 0.0001]. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides robust histological evidence that a clinical diagnostic model, combining clinical features and biomarkers, could improve diabetes classification. Our study also provides reassurance that a C-peptide-based definition of type 1 diabetes is an appropriate surrogate outcome that can be used in large clinical studies where histological definition is impossible. Parts of this study were presented in abstract form at the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors Conference, Florida, USA, 19-22 February 2019 and Diabetes UK Professional Conference, Liverpool, UK, 6-8 March 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L J Carr
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - D J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - A L Lynam
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - S Chamala
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C S Flaxman
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - S A Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - L A Ferrat
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - A G Jones
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - M L Beery
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - L M Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - M L Campbell-Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - I Kusmartseva
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - A Posgai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D A Schatz
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - M A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - T M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S J Richardson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - B M Shields
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - R A Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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15
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Perry DJ, Titov AA, Sobel ES, Brusko TM, Morel L. Immunophenotyping reveals distinct subgroups of lupus patients based on their activated T cell subsets. Clin Immunol 2020; 221:108602. [PMID: 33007439 PMCID: PMC8173542 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study performed an integrated analysis of the cellular and transcriptional differences in peripheral immune cells between patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and healthy controls (HC). METHODS Peripheral blood was analyzed using standardized flow cytometry panels. Transcriptional analysis of CD4+ T cells was performed by microarrays and Nanostring assays. RESULTS SLE CD4+ T cells showed an increased expression of oxidative phosphorylation and immunoregulatory genes. SLE patients presented higher frequencies of activated CD38+HLA-DR+ T cells than HC. Hierarchical clustering identified a group of SLE patients among which African Americans were overrepresented, with highly activated T cells, and higher frequencies of Th1, Tfh, and plasmablast cells. T cell activation was positively correlated with metabolic gene expression in SLE patients but not in HC. CONCLUSIONS SLE subjects presenting with activated T cells and a hyperactive metabolic signature may represent an opportunity to correct aberrant immune activation through targeted metabolic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anton A. Titov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eric S. Sobel
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd M. Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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16
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Shapiro MR, Foster TP, Perry DJ, Rosenfeld RG, Dauber A, McNichols JA, Muir A, Hwa V, Brusko TM, Jacobsen LM. A Novel Mutation in Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (c.641-2A>G) Is Associated with Impaired Growth, Hypoglycemia, and Modified Immune Phenotypes. Horm Res Paediatr 2020; 93:322-334. [PMID: 33113547 PMCID: PMC7726096 DOI: 10.1159/000510764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) mutations lead to systemic disturbances in growth and glucose homeostasis due to widespread IGF1R expression throughout the body. IGF1R is expressed by innate and adaptive immune cells, facilitating their development and exerting immunomodulatory roles in the periphery. CASE PRESENTATION We report on a family presenting with a novel heterozygous IGF1R mutation with characterization of the mutation, IGF1R expression, and immune phenotyping. Twin probands presented clinically with short stature and hypoglycemia. Variable phenotypic expression was seen in 2 other family members carrying the IGF1R mutation. The probands were treated with exogenous growth hormone therapy and dietary cornstarch, improving linear growth and reducing hypoglycemic events. IGF1R c.641-2A>G caused abnormal mRNA splicing and premature protein termination. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping demonstrated lower IGF1R on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from IGF1R c.641-2A>G subjects. This alteration was associated with reduced levels of T-helper 17 cells and a higher percentage of T-helper 1 cells compared to controls, suggesting decreased IGF1R expression may affect CD4+ Th-cell lineage commitment. DISCUSSION Collectively, these data suggest a novel loss-of-function mutation (c.641-2A>G) leads to aberrant mRNA splicing and IGF1R expression resulting in hypoglycemia, growth restriction, and altered immune phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Shapiro
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Timothy P Foster
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ron G Rosenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - James A McNichols
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew Muir
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Laura M Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA,
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Motwani K, Peters LD, Vliegen WH, El-sayed AG, Seay HR, Lopez MC, Baker HV, Posgai AL, Brusko MA, Perry DJ, Bacher R, Larkin J, Haller MJ, Brusko TM. Human Regulatory T Cells From Umbilical Cord Blood Display Increased Repertoire Diversity and Lineage Stability Relative to Adult Peripheral Blood. Front Immunol 2020; 11:611. [PMID: 32351504 PMCID: PMC7174770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human T lymphocyte compartment is highly dynamic over the course of a lifetime. Of the many changes, perhaps most notable is the transition from a predominantly naïve T cell state at birth to the acquisition of antigen-experienced memory and effector subsets following environmental exposures. These phenotypic changes, including the induction of T cell exhaustion and senescence, have the potential to negatively impact efficacy of adoptive T cell therapies (ACT). When considering ACT with CD4+CD25+CD127-/lo regulatory T cells (Tregs) for the induction of immune tolerance, we previously reported ex vivo expanded umbilical cord blood (CB) Tregs remained more naïve, suppressed responder T cells equivalently, and exhibited a more diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire compared to expanded adult peripheral blood (APB) Tregs. Herein, we hypothesized that upon further characterization, we would observe increased lineage heterogeneity and phenotypic diversity in APB Tregs that might negatively impact lineage stability, engraftment capacity, and the potential for Tregs to home to sites of tissue inflammation following ACT. We compared the phenotypic profiles of human Tregs isolated from CB versus the more traditional source, APB. We conducted analysis of fresh and ex vivo expanded Treg subsets at both the single cell (scRNA-seq and flow cytometry) and bulk (microarray and cytokine profiling) levels. Single cell transcriptional profiles of pre-expansion APB Tregs highlighted a cluster of cells that showed increased expression of genes associated with effector and pro-inflammatory phenotypes (CCL5, GZMK, CXCR3, LYAR, and NKG7) with low expression of Treg markers (FOXP3 and IKZF2). CB Tregs were more diverse in TCR repertoire and homogenous in phenotype, and contained fewer effector-like cells in contrast with APB Tregs. Interestingly, expression of canonical Treg markers, such as FOXP3, TIGIT, and IKZF2, were increased in CB CD4+CD127+ conventional T cells (Tconv) compared to APB Tconv, post-expansion, implying perinatal T cells may adopt a default regulatory program. Collectively, these data identify surface markers (namely CXCR3) that could be depleted to improve purity and stability of APB Tregs, and support the use of expanded CB Tregs as a potentially optimal ACT modality for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Motwani
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Leeana D. Peters
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Willem H. Vliegen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ahmed Gomaa El-sayed
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Howard R. Seay
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - M. Cecilia Lopez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Henry V. Baker
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Amanda L. Posgai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maigan A. Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Daniel J. Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rhonda Bacher
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joseph Larkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael J. Haller
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Todd M. Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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18
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Dean JW, Peters LD, Fuhrman CA, Seay HR, Posgai AL, Stimpson SE, Brusko MA, Perry DJ, Yeh WI, Newby BN, Haller MJ, Muir AB, Atkinson MA, Mathews CE, Brusko TM. Innate inflammation drives NK cell activation to impair Treg activity. J Autoimmun 2020; 108:102417. [PMID: 32035746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
IL-12 and IL-18 synergize to promote TH1 responses and have been implicated as accelerators of autoimmune pathogenesis in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated the influence of these cytokines on immune cells involved in human T1D progression: natural killer (NK) cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). NK cells from T1D patients exhibited higher surface CD226 versus controls and lower CD25 compared to first-degree relatives and controls. Changes in NK cell phenotype towards terminal differentiation were associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity, while possession of IL18RAP, IFIH1, and IL2RA T1D-risk variants impacted NK cell activation as evaluated by immuno-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses. IL-12 and IL-18 stimulated NK cells from healthy donors exhibited enhanced specific killing of myelogenous K562 target cells. Moreover, activated NK cells increased expression of NKG2A, NKG2D, CD226, TIGIT and CD25, which enabled competition for IL-2 upon co-culture with Tregs, resulting in Treg downregulation of FOXP3, production of IFNγ, and loss of suppressive function. We generated islet-autoreactive CTL "avatars", which upon exposure to IL-12 and IL-18, upregulated IFNγ and Granzyme-B leading to increased lymphocytotoxicity of a human β-cell line in vitro. These results support a model for T1D pathogenesis wherein IL-12 and IL-18 synergistically enhance CTL and NK cell cytotoxic activity and disrupt immunoregulation by Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Dean
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leeana D Peters
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher A Fuhrman
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA; NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Howard R Seay
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA; BD Biosciences, Ashland, OR, USA
| | - Amanda L Posgai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Scott E Stimpson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maigan A Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wen-I Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA; BD Biosciences, Ashland, OR, USA
| | - Brittney N Newby
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA; Fate Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Haller
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew B Muir
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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19
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Mullane KM, Morrison VA, Camacho LH, Arvin A, McNeil SA, Durrand J, Campbell B, Su SC, Chan ISF, Parrino J, Kaplan SS, Popmihajlov Z, Annunziato PW, Cerana S, Dictar MO, Bonvehi P, Tregnaghi JP, Fein L, Ashley D, Singh M, Hayes T, Playford G, Morrissey O, Thaler J, Kuehr T, Greil R, Pecherstorfer M, Duck L, Van Eygen K, Aoun M, De Prijck B, Franke FA, Barrios CHE, Mendes AVA, Serrano SV, Garcia RF, Moore F, Camargo JFC, Pires LA, Alves RS, Radinov A, Oreshkov K, Minchev V, Hubenova AI, Koynova T, Ivanov I, Rabotilova B, Minchev V, Petrov PA, Chilingirov P, Karanikolov S, Raynov J, Grimard D, McNeil S, Kumar D, Larratt LM, Weiss K, Delage R, Diaz-Mitoma FJ, Cano PO, Couture F, Carvajal P, Yepes A, Torres Ulloa R, Fardella P, Caglevic C, Rojas C, Orellana E, Gonzalez P, Acevedo A, Galvez KM, Gonzalez ME, Franco S, Restrepo JG, Rojas CA, Bonilla C, Florez LE, Ospina AV, Manneh R, Zorica R, Vrdoljak DV, Samarzija M, Petruzelka L, Vydra J, Mayer J, Cibula D, Prausova J, Paulson G, Ontaneda M, Palk K, Vahlberg A, Rooneem R, Galtier F, Postil D, Lucht F, Laine F, Launay O, Laurichesse H, Duval X, Cornely OA, Camerer B, Panse J, Zaiss M, Derigs HG, Menzel H, Verbeek M, Georgoulias V, Mavroudis D, Anagnostopoulos A, Terpos E, Cortes D, Umanzor J, Bejarano S, Galeano RW, Wong RSM, Hui P, Pedrazzoli P, Ruggeri L, Aversa F, Bosi A, Gentile G, Rambaldi A, Contu A, Marei L, Abbadi A, Hayajneh W, Kattan J, Farhat F, Chahine G, Rutkauskiene J, Marfil Rivera LJ, Lopez Chuken YA, Franco Villarreal H, Lopez Hernandez J, Blacklock H, Lopez RI, Alvarez R, Gomez AM, Quintana TS, Moreno Larrea MDC, Zorrilla SJ, Alarcon E, Samanez FCA, Caguioa PB, Tiangco BJ, Mora EM, Betancourt-Garcia RD, Hallman-Navarro D, Feliciano-Lopez LJ, Velez-Cortes HA, Cabanillas F, Ganea DE, Ciuleanu TE, Ghizdavescu DG, Miron L, Cebotaru CL, Cainap CI, Anghel R, Dvorkin MV, Gladkov OA, Fadeeva NV, Kuzmin AA, Lipatov ON, Zbarskaya II, Akhmetzyanov FS, Litvinov IV, Afanasyev BV, Cherenkova M, Lioznov D, Lisukov IA, Smirnova YA, Kolomietz S, Halawani H, Goh YT, Drgona L, Chudej J, Matejkova M, Reckova M, Rapoport BL, Szpak WM, Malan DR, Jonas N, Jung CW, Lee DG, Yoon SS, Lopez Jimenez J, Duran Martinez I, Rodriguez Moreno JF, Solano Vercet C, de la Camara R, Batlle Massana M, Yeh SP, Chen CY, Chou HH, Tsai CM, Chiu CH, Siritanaratkul N, Norasetthada L, Sriuranpong V, Seetalarom K, Akan H, Dane F, Ozcan MA, Ozsan GH, Kalayoglu Besisik SF, Cagatay A, Yalcin S, Peniket A, Mullan SR, Dakhil KM, Sivarajan K, Suh JJG, Sehgal A, Marquez F, Gomez EG, Mullane MR, Skinner WL, Behrens RJ, Trevarthe DR, Mazurczak MA, Lambiase EA, Vidal CA, Anac SY, Rodrigues GA, Baltz B, Boccia R, Wertheim MS, Holladay CS, Zenk D, Fusselman W, Wade III JL, Jaslowsk AJ, Keegan J, Robinson MO, Go RS, Farnen J, Amin B, Jurgens D, Risi GF, Beatty PG, Naqvi T, Parshad S, Hansen VL, Ahmed M, Steen PD, Badarinath S, Dekker A, Scouros MA, Young DE, Graydon Harker W, Kendall SD, Citron ML, Chedid S, Posada JG, Gupta MK, Rafiyath S, Buechler-Price J, Sreenivasappa S, Chay CH, Burke JM, Young SE, Mahmood A, Kugler JW, Gerstner G, Fuloria J, Belman ND, Geller R, Nieva J, Whittenberger BP, Wong BMY, Cescon TP, Abesada-Terk G, Guarino MJ, Zweibach A, Ibrahim EN, Takahashi G, Garrison MA, Mowat RB, Choi BS, Oliff IA, Singh J, Guter KA, Ayrons K, Rowland KM, Noga SJ, Rao SB, Columbie A, Nualart MT, Cecchi GR, Campos LT, Mohebtash M, Flores MR, Rothstein-Rubin R, O'Connor BM, Soori G, Knapp M, Miranda FG, Goodgame BW, Kassem M, Belani R, Sharma S, Ortiz T, Sonneborn HL, Markowitz AB, Wilbur D, Meiri E, Koo VS, Jhangiani HS, Wong L, Sanani S, Lawrence SJ, Jones CM, Murray C, Papageorgiou C, Gurtler JS, Ascensao JL, Seetalarom K, Venigalla ML, D'Andrea M, De Las Casas C, Haile DJ, Qazi FU, Santander JL, Thomas MR, Rao VP, Craig M, Garg RJ, Robles R, Lyons RM, Stegemoller RK, Goel S, Garg S, Lowry P, Lynch C, Lash B, Repka T, Baker J, Goueli BS, Campbell TC, Van Echo DA, Lee YJ, Reyes EA, Senecal FM, Donnelly G, Byeff P, Weiss R, Reid T, Roeland E, Goel A, Prow DM, Brandt DS, Kaplan HG, Payne JE, Boeckh MG, Rosen PJ, Mena RR, Khan R, Betts RF, Sharp SA, Morrison VA, Fitz-Patrick D, Congdon J, Erickson N, Abbasi R, Henderson S, Mehdi A, Wos EJ, Rehmus E, Beltzer L, Tamayo RA, Mahmood T, Reboli AC, Moore A, Brown JM, Cruz J, Quick DP, Potz JL, Kotz KW, Hutchins M, Chowhan NM, Devabhaktuni YD, Braly P, Berenguer RA, Shambaugh SC, O'Rourke TJ, Conkright WA, Winkler CF, Addo FEK, Duic JP, High KP, Kutner ME, Collins R, Carrizosa DR, Perry DJ, Kailath E, Rosen N, Sotolongo R, Shoham S, Chen T. Safety and efficacy of inactivated varicella zoster virus vaccine in immunocompromised patients with malignancies: a two-arm, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2019; 19:1001-1012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine was first reported to lower daily insulin dose and improve glycemic control in patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) in 1984. While renal toxicity limited cyclosporine's extended use, this observation ignited collaborative efforts to identify immunotherapeutic agents capable of safely preserving β cells in patients with or at risk for T1D. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in T1D prediction and early diagnosis, together with expanded knowledge of the disease mechanisms, have facilitated trials targeting specific immune cell subsets, autoantigens, and pathways. In addition, clinical responder and non-responder subsets have been defined through the use of metabolic and immunological readouts. Herein, we review emerging T1D biomarkers within the context of recent and ongoing T1D immunotherapy trials. We also discuss responder/non-responder analyses in an effort to identify therapeutic mechanisms, define actionable pathways, and guide subject selection, drug dosing, and tailored combination drug therapy for future T1D trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brittney N Newby
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building J-589, Box 100275, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building J-589, Box 100275, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Amanda L Posgai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building J-589, Box 100275, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Michael J Haller
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building J-589, Box 100275, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Abstract
SummaryElucidation of the molecular defects reponsible for antithrombin III deficiency is proceeding rapidly. In order that a record is kept of the new and duplicated mutations that are found, we have compiled a database that we plan to update annually. In this, the first report of the database, we list 6 antithrombin III locus sequence polymorphisms and 94 recorded mutations causing functional deficiency of the protein, 38 of which are novel. As is the case with mutations affecting other protein genes, most mutations of antithrombin III involve a CG to TG or CA change.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Lane
- The Department of Haematology, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Institute for Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, Department of Haematology, MRC Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and Laboratoire d'hémostase, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France
| | - H Ireland
- The Department of Haematology, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Institute for Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, Department of Haematology, MRC Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and Laboratoire d'hémostase, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France
| | - R J Olds
- The Department of Haematology, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Institute for Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, Department of Haematology, MRC Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and Laboratoire d'hémostase, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France
| | - S L Thein
- The Department of Haematology, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Institute for Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, Department of Haematology, MRC Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and Laboratoire d'hémostase, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France
| | - D J Perry
- The Department of Haematology, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Institute for Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, Department of Haematology, MRC Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and Laboratoire d'hémostase, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France
| | - M Aiach
- The Department of Haematology, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Institute for Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, Department of Haematology, MRC Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and Laboratoire d'hémostase, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France
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Lane DA, Bayston T, Olds RJ, Fitches AC, Cooper DN, Millar DS, Jochmans K, Perry DJ, Okajima K, Thein SL, Emmerich J. Antithrombin Mutation Database: 2nd (1997) Update. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1655930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D A Lane
- The Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London, UK
| | - T Bayston
- The Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London, UK
| | - R J Olds
- The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A C Fitches
- The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - D N Cooper
- The Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff, UK
| | - D S Millar
- The Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff, UK
| | - K Jochmans
- The Free University Hospital Brussels, Belgium
| | - D J Perry
- The Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - K Okajima
- The Kumamoto University Medical School, Japan
| | - S L Thein
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - J Emmerich
- The Université René Descartes, Paris, France
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Marshall GP, Cserny J, Perry DJ, Yeh WI, Seay HR, Elsayed AG, Posgai AL, Brusko TM. Clinical Applications of Regulatory T cells in Adoptive Cell Therapies. Cell Gene Ther Insights 2018; 4:405-429. [PMID: 34984106 PMCID: PMC8722436 DOI: 10.18609/cgti.2018.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Interest in adoptive T-cell therapies has been ignited by the recent clinical success of genetically-modified T cells in the cancer immunotherapy space. In addition to immune targeting for malignancies, this approach is now being explored for the establishment of immune tolerance with regulatory T cells (Tregs). Herein, we will summarize the basic science and clinical results emanating from trials directed at inducing durable immune regulation through administration of Tregs. We will discuss some of the current challenges facing the field in terms of maximizing cell purity, stability and expansion capacity, while also achieving feasibility and GMP production. Indeed, recent advances in methodologies for Treg isolation, expansion, and optimal source materials represent important strides toward these considerations. Finally, we will review the emerging genetic and biomaterial-based approaches on the horizon for directing Treg specificity to augment tissue-targeting and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judit Cserny
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wen-I Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Howard R Seay
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ahmed G Elsayed
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Amanda L Posgai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- OneVax LLC, Sid Martin Biotechnology Institute, Alachua, Florida, USA.,Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Chen J, Chernatynskaya AV, Li JW, Kimbrell MR, Cassidy RJ, Perry DJ, Muir AB, Atkinson MA, Brusko TM, Mathews CE. T cells display mitochondria hyperpolarization in human type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10835. [PMID: 28883439 PMCID: PMC5589742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes constitute a major effector cell population in autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Despite essential functions of mitochondria in regulating activation, proliferation, and apoptosis of T cells, little is known regarding T cell metabolism in the progression of human type 1 diabetes. In this study, we report, using two independent cohorts, that T cells from patients with type 1 diabetes exhibited mitochondrial inner-membrane hyperpolarization (MHP). Increased MHP was a general phenotype observed in T cell subsets irrespective of prior antigen exposure, and was not correlated with HbA1C levels, subject age, or duration of diabetes. Elevated T cell MHP was not detected in subjects with type 2 diabetes. T cell MHP was associated with increased activation-induced IFNγ production, and activation-induced IFNγ was linked to mitochondria-specific ROS production. T cells from subjects with type 1 diabetes also exhibited lower intracellular ATP levels. In conclusion, intrinsic mitochondrial dysfunction observed in type 1 diabetes alters mitochondrial ATP and IFNγ production; the latter is correlated with ROS generation. These changes impact T cell bioenergetics and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Anna V. Chernatynskaya
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Jian-Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
- Present Address: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Matthew R. Kimbrell
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Richard J. Cassidy
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
- Present Address: Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Daniel J. Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Andrew B. Muir
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Todd M. Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
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Marcial GE, Ford AL, Haller MJ, Gezan SA, Harrison NA, Cai D, Meyer JL, Perry DJ, Atkinson MA, Wasserfall CH, Garrett T, Gonzalez CF, Brusko TM, Dahl WJ, Lorca GL. Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 Modulates the Host Immune Responses: A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults. Front Immunol 2017; 8:655. [PMID: 28659913 PMCID: PMC5466969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 mitigates the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in biobreeding diabetes-prone rats, in part, through changes in kynurenine:tryptophan (K:T) ratios. The goal of this pilot study was to determine the safety, tolerance, and general immunological response of L. johnsonii N6.2 in healthy subjects. A double-blind, randomized clinical trial in 42 healthy individuals with no known risk factors for T1D was undertaken to evaluate subject responses to the consumption of L. johnsonii N6.2. Participants received 1 capsule/day containing 108 colony-forming units of L. johnsonii N6.2 or placebo for 8 weeks. Comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), leukocyte subpopulations by complete blood count (CBC) and flow cytometry, serum cytokines, and relevant metabolites in the indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase pathway were assessed. L. johnsonii N6.2 survival and intestinal microbiota was analyzed. Daily and weekly questionnaires were assessed for potential effects of probiotic treatment on general wellness. The administration of L. johnsonii N6.2 did not modify the CMP or CBC of participants suggesting general safety. In fact, L. johnsonii N6.2 administration significantly decreased the occurrence of abdominal pain, indigestion, and cephalic syndromes. As predicted, increased serum tryptophan levels increased resulting in a decreased K:T ratio was observed in the L. johnsonii N6.2 group. Interestingly, immunophenotyping assays revealed that monocytes and natural killer cell numbers were increased significantly after washout (12 weeks). Moreover, an increase of circulating effector Th1 cells (CD45RO+CD183+CD196−) and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells subset was observed in the L. johnsonii N6.2 group. Consumption of L. johnsonii N6.2 is well tolerated in adult control subjects, demonstrates systemic impacts on innate and adaptive immune populations, and results in a decreased K:T ratio. These data provide support for the safety and feasibility of using L. johnsonii N6.2 in prevention trials in subjects at risk for T1D. Trial registration: This trial was registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02349360.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo E Marcial
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Amanda L Ford
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael J Haller
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Salvador A Gezan
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Natalie A Harrison
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Dan Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Julie L Meyer
- Department of Soil and Water Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Timothy Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Claudio F Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Wendy J Dahl
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Graciela L Lorca
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Lowe JR, Perry DJ, Salama AKS, Mathews CE, Moss LG, Hanks BA. Genetic risk analysis of a patient with fulminant autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus secondary to combination ipilimumab and nivolumab immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2016; 4:89. [PMID: 28031819 PMCID: PMC5170902 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy is becoming an effective treatment modality for an increasing number of malignancies. As a result, autoinflammatory side-effects are also being observed more commonly in the clinic. We are currently unable to predict which patients will develop more severe toxicities associated with these treatment regimens. CASE PRESENTATION We present a patient with stage IV melanoma that developed rapid onset autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) in response to combination ipilimumab and nivolumab immunotherapy. At the time of the patient's presentation with diabetes ketoacidosis, a confirmed anti-GAD antibody seroconversion was noted. Longer-term follow-up of this patient has demonstrated a durable complete response based on PET CT imaging along with a persistently undetectable C-peptide level. Single nucleotide polymorphism gene sequencing and HLA risk allele analysis has revealed the patient to lack any established genetic predisposition to the development of autoimmune T1D. CONCLUSIONS While larger studies are necessary to better understand the role of genetic risk factors for the development of autoimmune toxicities in those patients undergoing checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, these results suggest that pre-screening patients for known T1D risk alleles may not be indicated. Additional investigation is needed to determine whether an approach such as T cell receptor clonotypic analysis to identify the presence of autoreactive T cell clones may be an effective approach for predicting which patients are at risk for the development of autoinflammatory toxicities while undergoing checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R. Lowe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Daniel J. Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - April K. S. Salama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Melanoma Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Larry G. Moss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Durham, NC 27701 USA
| | - Brent A. Hanks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Melanoma Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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Haller MJ, Gitelman SE, Gottlieb PA, Michels AW, Perry DJ, Schultz AR, Hulme MA, Shuster JJ, Zou B, Wasserfall CH, Posgai AL, Mathews CE, Brusko TM, Atkinson MA, Schatz DA. Antithymocyte Globulin Plus G-CSF Combination Therapy Leads to Sustained Immunomodulatory and Metabolic Effects in a Subset of Responders With Established Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2016; 65:3765-3775. [PMID: 27669730 PMCID: PMC5127248 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Low-dose antithymocyte globulin (ATG) plus pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) preserves β-cell function for at least 12 months in type 1 diabetes. Herein, we describe metabolic and immunological parameters 24 months following treatment. Patients with established type 1 diabetes (duration 4-24 months) were randomized to ATG and pegylated G-CSF (ATG+G-CSF) (N = 17) or placebo (N = 8). Primary outcomes included C-peptide area under the curve (AUC) following a mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) and flow cytometry. "Responders" (12-month C-peptide ≥ baseline), "super responders" (24-month C-peptide ≥ baseline), and "nonresponders" (12-month C-peptide < baseline) were evaluated for biomarkers of outcome. At 24 months, MMTT-stimulated AUC C-peptide was not significantly different in ATG+G-CSF (0.49 nmol/L/min) versus placebo (0.29 nmol/L/min). Subjects treated with ATG+G-CSF demonstrated reduced CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio and increased CD16+CD56hi natural killer cells (NK), CD4+ effector memory T cells (Tem), CD4+PD-1+ central memory T cells (Tcm), Tcm PD-1 expression, and neutrophils. FOXP3+Helios+ regulatory T cells (Treg) were elevated in ATG+G-CSF subjects at 6, 12, and 18 but not 24 months. Immunophenotyping identified differential HLA-DR expression on monocytes and NK and altered CXCR3 and PD-1 expression on T-cell subsets. As such, a group of metabolic and immunological responders was identified. A phase II study of ATG+G-CSF in patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes is ongoing and may support ATG+G-CSF as a prevention strategy in high-risk subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Haller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Stephen E Gitelman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peter A Gottlieb
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Aaron W Michels
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Andrew R Schultz
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Maigan A Hulme
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jonathan J Shuster
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Baiming Zou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Amanda L Posgai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Desmond A Schatz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Fuhrman CA, Yeh WI, Seay HR, Saikumar Lakshmi P, Chopra G, Zhang L, Perry DJ, McClymont SA, Yadav M, Lopez MC, Baker HV, Zhang Y, Li Y, Whitley M, von Schack D, Atkinson MA, Bluestone JA, Brusko TM. Divergent Phenotypes of Human Regulatory T Cells Expressing the Receptors TIGIT and CD226. J Immunol 2015; 195:145-55. [PMID: 25994968 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a central role in counteracting inflammation and autoimmunity. A more complete understanding of cellular heterogeneity and the potential for lineage plasticity in human Treg subsets may identify markers of disease pathogenesis and facilitate the development of optimized cellular therapeutics. To better elucidate human Treg subsets, we conducted direct transcriptional profiling of CD4(+)FOXP3(+)Helios(+) thymic-derived Tregs and CD4(+)FOXP3(+)Helios(-) T cells, followed by comparison with CD4(+)FOXP3(-)Helios(-) T conventional cells. These analyses revealed that the coinhibitory receptor T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) was highly expressed on thymic-derived Tregs. TIGIT and the costimulatory factor CD226 bind the common ligand CD155. Thus, we analyzed the cellular distribution and suppressive activity of isolated subsets of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(lo/-) T cells expressing CD226 and/or TIGIT. We observed TIGIT is highly expressed and upregulated on Tregs after activation and in vitro expansion, and is associated with lineage stability and suppressive capacity. Conversely, the CD226(+)TIGIT(-) population was associated with reduced Treg purity and suppressive capacity after expansion, along with a marked increase in IL-10 and effector cytokine production. These studies provide additional markers to delineate functionally distinct Treg subsets that may help direct cellular therapies and provide important phenotypic markers for assessing the role of Tregs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Fuhrman
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Wen-I Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Howard R Seay
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Priya Saikumar Lakshmi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Gaurav Chopra
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Stephanie A McClymont
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603
| | - Mahesh Yadav
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603
| | - Maria-Cecilia Lopez
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA 94143
| | - Henry V Baker
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA 94143
| | - Ying Zhang
- Precision Medicine-Bioanalytical, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139; and
| | - Yizheng Li
- Pfizer Research and Development Business Technologies, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Maryann Whitley
- Pfizer Research and Development Business Technologies, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - David von Schack
- Precision Medicine-Bioanalytical, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139; and
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jeffrey A Bluestone
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA 94143
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610;
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which autoreactive CD4(+) T cells play an essential role. CD4(+) T cells rely on glycolysis for inflammatory effector functions, but recent studies have shown that mitochondrial metabolism supports their chronic activation. How these processes contribute to lupus is unclear. We show that both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism are elevated in CD4(+) T cells from lupus-prone B6.Sle1.Sle2.Sle3 (TC) mice as compared to non-autoimmune controls. In vitro, both the mitochondrial metabolism inhibitor metformin and the glucose metabolism inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) reduced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production, although at different stages of activation. Metformin also restored the defective interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by TC CD4(+) T cells. In vivo, treatment of TC mice and other lupus models with a combination of metformin and 2DG normalized T cell metabolism and reversed disease biomarkers. Further, CD4(+) T cells from SLE patients also exhibited enhanced glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism that correlated with their activation status, and their excessive IFN-γ production was significantly reduced by metformin in vitro. These results suggest that normalization of T cell metabolism through the dual inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism is a promising therapeutic venue for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yin
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Seung-Chul Choi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Howard Seay
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Byron P Croker
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Eric S Sobel
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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de Brasi C, El-Maarri O, Perry DJ, Oldenburg J, Pezeshkpoor B, Goodeve A. Genetic testing in bleeding disorders. Haemophilia 2014; 20 Suppl 4:54-8. [PMID: 24762276 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of molecular genetic analysis in families with haemophilia is to identify the causative mutation in an affected male as this provides valuable information for the patient and his relatives. For the patient, mutation identification may highlight inhibitor development risk or discrepancy between different factor VIII assays. For female relatives, knowledge of the familial mutation can facilitate carrier status determination and prenatal diagnosis. Recent advances in understanding mutations responsible for haemophilia and methods for their detection are presented. For reporting of such mutations, participation in external quality assessment ensures that essential patient and mutation details are routinely included and that pertinent information is incorporated in the interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C de Brasi
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Hematologicas Mariano R Castex, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Perry DJ, Yin Y, Telarico T, Baker HV, Dozmorov I, Perl A, Morel L. Murine lupus susceptibility locus Sle1c2 mediates CD4+ T cell activation and maps to estrogen-related receptor γ. J Immunol 2012; 189:793-803. [PMID: 22711888 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sle1c is a sublocus of the NZM2410-derived Sle1 major lupus susceptibility locus. We have shown previously that Sle1c contributes to lupus pathogenesis by conferring increased CD4(+) T cell activation and increased susceptibility to chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), which mapped to the centromeric portion of the locus. In this study, we have refined the centromeric sublocus to a 675-kb interval, termed Sle1c2. Mice from recombinant congenic strains expressing Sle1c2 exhibited increased CD4(+) T cell intrinsic activation and cGVHD susceptibility, similar to mice with the parental Sle1c. In addition, B6.Sle1c2 mice displayed a robust expansion of IFN-γ-expressing T cells. NZB complementation studies showed that Sle1c2 expression exacerbated B cell activation, autoantibody production, and renal pathology, verifying that Sle1c2 contributes to lupus pathogenesis. The Sle1c2 interval contains two genes, only one of which, Esrrg, is expressed in T cells. B6.Sle1c2 CD4(+) T cells expressed less Esrrg than B6 CD4(+) T cells, and Esrrg expression was correlated negatively with CD4(+) T cell activation. Esrrg encodes an orphan nuclear receptor that regulates oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial functions. In accordance with reduced Esrrg expression, B6.Sle1c2 CD4(+) T cells present reduced mitochondrial mass and altered mitochondrial functions as well as altered metabolic pathway utilization when compared with B6 CD4(+) T cells. Taken together, we propose Esrrg as a novel lupus susceptibility gene regulating CD4(+) T cell function through their mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Perry
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Abstract
The rare inherited coagulation factor deficiencies (deficiencies of factors I, II, V, VII, XI, XIII, combined FV + FVII deficiency, combined deficiency of the vitamin K dependent factors and von Willebrand disease type 3) have an aggregate prevalence of approximately 1:100,000. They may cause recurrent life or function threatening haemorrhage. In this article we review the available literature on long-term prophylaxis and, where possible, make recommendations on this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Todd
- Department of Haematology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK.
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Dumitrescu RG, Marian C, Krishnan SS, Spear SL, Kallakury BVS, Perry DJ, Convit JR, Seillier-Moiseiwitsch F, Yang Y, Freudenheim JL, Shields PG. Familial and racial determinants of tumour suppressor genes promoter hypermethylation in breast tissues from healthy women. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:1468-75. [PMID: 19799643 PMCID: PMC3829013 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the hypermethylation status of the promoter regions of tumour suppressor genes in breast tissues from healthy women and identify the determinants of these epigenetic changes. Questionnaires and breast tissues were collected from healthy women without a history of cancer and undergoing reduction mammoplasty (N= 141). Methylation for p16INK4, BRCA1, ERα and RAR-β promoter regions from breast tissues were determined by methylation specific PCR. Associations were examined with chi-square and Fisher’s exact test as well as logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. p16INK4, BRCA1, ERα and RAR-β hypermethylation were identified in 31%, 17%, 9% and 0% of the women, respectively. Women with BRCA1 hypermethylation had an eight-fold increase in the risk of ERα hypermethylation (P= 0.007). p16INK4 hypermethylation was present in 28% of African-Americans, but 65% in European-Americans (P= 0.02). There was an increased likelihood of p16INK4 or BRCA1 hypermethylation for women with family history of cancer (OR 2.3; 95%CI: 1.05–4.85 and OR 5.0; 95%CI: 1.55–15.81, respectively). ERα hypermethylation was associated with family history of breast cancer (OR 6.6; 95%CI: 1.58–27.71). After stratification by race, p16INK4 in European-Americans and BRCA1 hypermethylation in African-Americans were associated with family history of cancer (OR 3.8; 95%CI: 1.21–12.03 and OR 6.5; 95%CI: 1.33–31.32, respectively). Gene promoter hypermethylation was commonly found in healthy breast tissues from women without cancer, indicating that these events are frequent and early lesions. Race and family history of cancer increase the likelihood of these early events.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Dumitrescu
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20057-1465, USA.
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Baglin TP, Cousins D, Keeling DM, Perry DJ, Watson HG. Recommendations from the British Committee for Standards in Haematology and National Patient Safety Agency. Br J Haematol 2007; 136:26-9. [PMID: 17116128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T P Baglin
- British Committee for Standards in Haematology and National Patient Safety Agency
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Todd T, Perry DJ, Hayman E, Lawrence K, Gattens M, Baglin T. Severe factor X deficiency due to a homozygous mutation (Cys364Arg) that disrupts a disulphide bond in the catalytic domain. Haemophilia 2006; 12:621-4. [PMID: 17083512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2006.01315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Severe factor X deficiency (<0.01 IU mL(-1)) is a rare disorder producing a major bleeding tendency including umbilical cord, joint and intracranial haemorrhage. We present the first case of a child homozygous for a g.1177T > C missense alteration, predicted to disrupt the catalytic domain, and resulting in severe FX deficiency. The child suffered intracranial haemorrhage and now receives regular prophylaxis with a prothrombin complex concentrate. Our experience and a review of the literature suggest that optimal frequency of dosing is likely to be two or three times weekly and that the risk of thrombosis is very small.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Todd
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK.
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Ludlam CA, Pasi KJ, Bolton-Maggs P, Collins PW, Cumming AM, Dolan G, Fryer A, Harrington C, Hill FGH, Peake IR, Perry DJ, Skirton H, Smith M. A framework for genetic service provision for haemophilia and other inherited bleeding disorders. Haemophilia 2005; 11:145-63. [PMID: 15810917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2005.01070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This framework document offers guidance to patients, doctors, nurses, laboratory scientists, funders and hospitals on the provision of clinical and laboratory genetic services for haemophilia. With recent advances in molecular laboratory techniques it is now possible to give the vast majority of individual patients and family members very reliable genetic information. To enable these genetic data to be used for both the optimal treatment of patients with inherited bleeding disorders and for appropriate reproductive decisions in carriers, there needs to be a clear and robust framework for systematically acquiring the necessary clinical, personal, family and laboratory information upon which decisions can be made. This document provides guidance on the range and standards of clinical and laboratory genetic services which should be offered to patients and their families. Included are arrangements for genetic counselling and testing (including consent and confidentially issues), management of early pregnancy, standards for laboratory genetic services, as well as advice on data storage, security and retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Ludlam
- Department of Haematology, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Factor (F)XI is important in the consolidation phase of blood coagulation. The structural effects of mutations causing FXI deficiency have not been well described due to the lack of a structure for FXI. OBJECTIVES To develop molecular models of the four apple (Ap) and serine protease (SP) domains in FXI in order to assess the structural effects of published FXI mutations in the light of their phenotypes. METHODS The Ap domains were modeled using the NMR structure of an adhesin from Eimeria tenella. The SP domain was modeled using the crystal structure of beta-tryptase. RESULTS The effect of 42 mutations causing FXI deficiency was analyzed using homology models for the Ap and SP domains in FXI. Protein misfolding was implicated as the likely structural mechanism of disease in six of 14 mutations in the four Ap domains with Type I phenotypes. Likewise, misfolding was implicated in eight of 14 mutations in the SP domain with Type I phenotypes. Unlike other coagulation factor deficiencies, Type II phenotypes based on a catalytically dysfunctional FXI are uncommon. The structural models indicated that two known Type II mutations in the Ap domains could be correlated with functional defects in substrate or cofactor binding, and likewise four Type II mutations in the SP domain would disrupt the active site. CONCLUSIONS New FXI disease-causing mutations can now be structurally characterized to complement phenotypic data, and expression studies can be designed to verify the molecular basis of each deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M O'Connell
- The Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia Center and Haemostasis Unit, The Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, UK
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39
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Bolton-Maggs PHB, Perry DJ, Chalmers EA, Parapia LA, Wilde JT, Williams MD, Collins PW, Kitchen S, Dolan G, Mumford AD. The rare coagulation disorders - review with guidelines for management from the United Kingdom Haemophilia Centre Doctors' Organisation. Haemophilia 2004; 10:593-628. [PMID: 15357789 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2004.00944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The rare coagulation disorders are heritable abnormalities of haemostasis that may present significant difficulties in diagnosis and management. This review summarizes the current literature for disorders of fibrinogen, and deficiencies of prothrombin, factor V, FV + VIII, FVII, FX, the combined vitamin K-dependent factors, FXI and FXIII. Based on both collective clinical experience and the literature, guidelines for management of bleeding complications are suggested with specific advice for surgery, spontaneous bleeding, management of pregnancy and the neonate. We have chosen to include a section on Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome because haematologists may be consulted about bleeding manifestations in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H B Bolton-Maggs
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK.
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Abstract
Accurate and reliable means of variety identification are necessary to assess purity of seed supplies, to support claims relating to plant breeders' rights and, in Canada, to provide quality assurances in the grain handling system. A single, multiplexed set of seven simple-sequence-repeat (SSR) markers was found to uniquely identify all 18 durum wheat varieties that have been developed in Canada and are currently, or were formerly, registered for commercial production. Significant features of this multiplexed set include an allele that is specific, within Canadian durum varieties, to those having high gluten strength, and redundancy that was included in an effort to increase the capacity to accommodate future varieties. In combination with a reasonably rapid individual-kernel DNA extraction protocol and automated allele calling, this marker system offers a higher resolution alternative to complement established protein-based variety identification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Perry
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, 1404-303 Main Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3C 3G8, Canada.
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McGowan BMC, Kay LA, Perry DJ. Deep vein thrombosis followed by internal jugular vein thrombosis as a complication of in vitro fertilization in a woman heterozygous for the prothrombin 3' UTR and factor V Leiden mutations. Am J Hematol 2003; 73:276-8. [PMID: 12879433 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.10367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis of the internal jugular vein is a rare event but one that can have serious consequences. Most cases reported in the literature have occurred in patients with indwelling central venous catheters, in association with head and neck sepsis, or in hypercoagulable states. However, a small number of cases have been associated with in vitro fertilization and more often with the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). We report the case of a 30-year-old woman heterozygous for both the prothrombin 3' UTR mutation and for the factor V Leiden mutation who presented with a proximal deep vein thrombosis following in vitro fertilization. She subsequently developed an internal jugular vein thrombosis extending into the subclavian and axillary vein despite therapeutic anticoagulation with a low molecular weight heparin. Thromboembolic events can occur in the absence of other clinical features of OHSS, especially in patients with underlying prothrombotic abnormalities. Neck pain and swelling in a pregnant woman, especially one that has undergone in vitro fertilization, should be taken seriously and investigated with duplex scanning and/or MRI. Women with a personal or family history of thrombosis undergoing in vitro fertilization should be made fully aware of the potential thrombotic risks and should be considered for a thrombophilia screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M C McGowan
- Haemophilia and Haemostasis Unit, Department of Haematology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, England
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42
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Yoong WC, Tuck SM, Pasi KJ, Owens D, Perry DJ. Markers of platelet activation, thrombin generation and fibrinolysis in women with sickle cell disease: effects of differing forms of hormonal contraception. Eur J Haematol 2003; 70:310-4. [PMID: 12694167 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0609.2003.00061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine laboratory markers of platelet activation, thrombin generation and fibrinolysis in women with sickle cell disease (SCD) using the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), progestogen only (PO) contraception and non-hormonal contraception. DESIGN A prospective observational study set in two teaching hospitals in the London region. METHOD Forty-four women with SCD in steady haematological state using differing hormonal contraception were recruited and venesection was performed at standardised times for the measurements of markers of platelet activation, thrombin generation and fibrinolysis. OUTCOME MEASURES Prothrombin fragment1+2, plasmin alpha2 antiplasmin complexes, platelet factor 4 (PF-4), beta-thromboglobulin and free protein S antigen (PS-Ag). RESULTS PS-Ag was decreased and PF-4 increased in all women while the other haemostatic variables were within normal reference ranges. However, there was no statistically significant differences in the measurements of all the haemostatic variables between the three groups of sickle cell women (Kruskal-Wallis, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION There is anxiety about prescribing the COCP in women with SCD based on the assumption that risk of venous thromboembolism may be compounded by the underlying disease process that occurs with these women. The observed data suggest that SCD women who use the COCP have haemostatic markers which are not statistically different compared with similar women who use PO contraception or non-hormonal contraception. However, a randomized interventional trial would be necessary to evaluate further the safety aspect of COCP use in this group of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Yoong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Free Hospital and University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London, UK.
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Abstract
This article reviews the developments that have occurred in the treatment of venous thromboembolism during the last decade, with emphasis on the establishment of low molecular weight heparin as a therapeutic agent of proven efficacy and examines the evidence that supports the movement from inpatient to outpatient hospital management of venous thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Perry
- Haemophilia Centre and Haemostasis Unit, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF
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44
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Thomas RV, Reid W, Perry DJ. Internal jugular vein thrombosis following in-vitro fertilization in a woman with protein S deficiency and heterozygosity for the prothrombin 3' UTR mutation, despite anticoagulation with heparin. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2001; 12:487-9. [PMID: 11555702 DOI: 10.1097/00001721-200109000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 31-year-old woman with protein S deficiency and heterozygosity for the prothrombin 3' UTR mutation who developed an internal jugular vein thrombosis despite therapeutic anticoagulation with a low molecular weight heparin, following in-vitro fertilization. This case indicates that the stimulus to thrombosis in such women is intense and can occur despite apparent therapeutic anticoagulation. Close attention should, therefore, be paid to any women with a personal or family history of thrombosis and the potential thrombotic risks associated with assisted conception must be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Thomas
- Haemophilia Centre and Haemostasis Unit - Department of Haematology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
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Henshaw RM, Priebat DA, Perry DJ, Shmookler BM, Malawer MM. Survival after induction chemotherapy and surgical resection for high-grade soft tissue sarcoma. Is radiation necessary? Ann Surg Oncol 2001; 8:484-95. [PMID: 11456048 DOI: 10.1007/s10434-001-0484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induction chemotherapy can produce dramatic necrosis in sarcomas-raising the question of whether or not radiation is necessary. This study reviews the clinical outcome of a subset of patients with high-grade extremity soft tissue sarcomas (STS) who were treated with induction chemotherapy and surgical resection but without radiation. METHODS Nonmetastatic, large, high-grade STS of the pelvis and extremities were treated with intra-arterial cisplatin, adriamycin, and, after 1995, ifosfamide. After induction, oncologic resection and histologic evaluation were performed. Good responders with good surgical margins were not treated with radiation. RESULTS Thirty-three patients, with a median follow-up of 5 years, were included. Limb salvage rate was 94%. Median tumor necrosis was 95%. Four patients developed metastatic disease with three subsequent deaths. Two local recurrences occurred; both patients were salvaged with reresection and adjuvant external beam radiotherapy, although one died of metastatic disease 10 years later. Relapse-free and overall survival is 80% and 88% at 5 and 10 years by Kaplan-Meier analysis. CONCLUSIONS Intensive induction chemotherapy can be extremely effective for high-grade STS, permitting limb-sparing surgery in lieu of amputation. Radiation may not be necessary if a good response to induction chemotherapy and negative wide margins are achieved. All patients with large, deep, high-grade STS of the extremities should be considered candidates for induction chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Henshaw
- Division of Orthopedic Oncology, George Washington University, Washington Cancer Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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46
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Abstract
Thrombelastography is a 'near patient' test of coagulation. It is easy to perform and can provide information on a patient's coagulation status within 30 min. Despite more than 25 years of clinical experience, however, several basic questions relating thromboelastograph (TEG) parameters to standard coagulation tests remain unanswered, and the value of the TEG is established only in the setting of orthotopic liver transplantation and cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. This review will focus on the principles and practise of the TEG(R), and data supporting the current accepted uses. Potential future uses will also be discussed including evaluation of hypercoagulable states, and investigating the mechanism of coagulopathies due to drugs or disease that standard tests have failed to unravel.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Salooja
- Department of Haematology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
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47
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Peyvandi F, Carew JA, Perry DJ, Hunault M, Khanduri U, Perkins SJ, Mannucci PM, Bauer KA. Abnormal secretion and function of recombinant human factor VII as the result of modification to a calcium binding site caused by a 15-base pair insertion in the F7 gene. Blood 2001; 97:960-5. [PMID: 11159523 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.4.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of a novel mutation in the F7 gene that results in factor VII coagulant activity (VII:c) of less than 1% and VII antigen (VII:Ag) levels of 10% is presented. DNA analysis revealed a homozygous 15-base pair (bp) in-frame insertion-type mutation at nucleotide 10554. This insertion consisted of a duplication of residues leucine (L)213 to aspartic acid (D)217 (leucine, serine, glutamic acid, histidine, and aspartic acid), probably arising by slipped mispairing between 2 copies of a direct repeat (GCGAGCACGAC) separated by 4 bp. Molecular graphic analyses showed that the insertion is located at the surface of the catalytic domain in an exposed loop stabilized by extensive salt-bridge and hydrogen bond formation at which the calcium binding site is located. The mutation probably interferes with protein folding during VII biosynthesis and/or diminishes functional activity through the loss of calcium binding. In vitro expression studies demonstrated that the levels of VII:Ag in lysates of cells transfected with wild type VII (VIIWT) were equivalent to those with mutant type VII (VIIMT), but the level of secreted VIIMT was 5% to 10% that of VIIWT. Pulse chase studies demonstrated that VIIMT did not accumulate intracellularly, and studies with inhibitors of protein degradation showed that recombinant VIIMT was partially degraded in the pre-Golgi compartment. Accordingly, only small amounts of VIIMT with undetectable procoagulant activity were secreted into conditioned media. These results demonstrate that a combination of secretion and functional defects is the mechanism whereby this insertion causes VII deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Peyvandi
- Hematology Section, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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48
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Perron M, Perry DJ, Andalo C, Bousquet J. Evidence from sequence-tagged-site markers of a recent progenitor-derivative species pair in conifers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:11331-6. [PMID: 11016967 PMCID: PMC17200 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.200417097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Black spruce (Picea mariana [B.S.P.] Mill.) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) are two conifer species known to hybridize naturally in northeastern North America. We hypothesized that there is a progenitor-derivative relationship between these two taxa and conducted a genetic investigation by using sequence-tagged-site markers of expressed genes. Based on the 26 sequence-tagged-site loci assayed in this study, the unbiased genetic identity between the two taxa was quite high with a value of 0.920. The mean number of polymorphic loci, the mean number of alleles per polymorphic locus, and the average observed heterozygosity were lower in red spruce (P = 35%, A(P) = 2.1, H(o) = 0.069) than in black spruce (P = 54%, A(P) = 2.9, H(o) = 0.103). No unique alleles were found in red spruce, and the observed patterns of allele distribution indicated that the genetic diversity of red spruce was essentially a subset of that found in black spruce. When considered in combination with ecological evidence and simulation results, these observations clearly support the existence of a progenitor-derivative relationship and suggest that the reduced level of genetic diversity in red spruce may result from allopatric speciation through glaciation-induced isolation of a preexisting black spruce population during the Pleistocene era. Our observations signal a need for a thorough reexamination of several conifer species complexes in which natural hybridization is known to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perron
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Forestière, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada G1K 7P4
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49
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Peyvandi F, Mannucci PM, Jenkins PV, Lee A, Coppola R, Perry DJ. Homozygous 2bp deletion in the human factor VII gene: a non-lethal mutation that is associated with a complete absence of circulating factor VII. Thromb Haemost 2000; 84:635-7. [PMID: 11057862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 5-year-old boy with severe factor VII deficiency. The affected child presented at the age of 8 months and again at 18 months with bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract but the diagnosis of factor VII deficiency was not made until the age of 3 years. He was treated with fresh frozen plasma and subsequently factor VII concentrates and to date remains well. To identify the causative mutation, the factor VII gene was screened by SSCP and direct sequence analysis. A single homozygous 2 bp deletion (-CT) mutation was identified in exon 1a removing nucleotides 27/28 (codons 52/53). Both parents, who were first cousins, were heterozygous for the mutation. The mutation located in the prepropeptide of factor VII, results in a complete absence of factor VII in plasma. This case indicates that a complete absence of plasma factor VII is not necessarily a lethal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Peyvandi
- Haemophilia Centre, Department of Haematology, Royal Free & University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, UK.
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50
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Pru JK, Austin KJ, Perry DJ, Nighswonger AM, Hansen TR. Production, purification, and carboxy-terminal sequencing of bioactive recombinant bovine interferon-stimulated gene product 17. Biol Reprod 2000; 63:619-28. [PMID: 10906073 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod63.2.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
An interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) encodes a bovine 17-kDa protein (bISG17) that is released from endometrial cells but also conjugates to intracellular proteins through a ubiquitinlike mechanism. During early pregnancy in ruminants, conceptus-derived IFN-tau induces endometrial ISG17. The present experiments were designed to generate bioactive recombinant (r) bISG17. The Pichia pastoris yeast expression system was used because previous experiments expressing the human ISG15 ortholog in bacteria were confounded by inherent carboxypeptidase activity that cleaved C-terminal residues resulting in an inactive protein. In a series of extensive yeast culture experiments using shaker-bath and fermentation approaches, optimal conditions were determined for a transformant containing a multi-ISG17 gene insertion. Recombinant bISG17 was purified. Carboxy-terminal sequencing revealed that rbISG17 retained the C-terminal Gly that is potentially critical for the first step in covalent attachment to targeted intracellular proteins. The rISG17 induced (P < 0.0001) IFN-gamma mRNA (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) and release of IFN-gamma protein (ELISA) by bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The IFN-gamma mRNA also was upregulated (P < 0.0001) in endometrium from pregnant (Day 18) when compared with nonpregnant (Days 14 and 18) cows. It is concluded that rbISG17 generated in a yeast expression system retains cytokine/hormonal activity. This is the first description coupling the biology of two distinct IFNs (gamma and tau) through the intermediary ubiquitin homolog ISG17.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Pru
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
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