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Abettan A, Nguyen MH, Ladant D, Monticelli L, Chenal A. CyaA translocation across eukaryotic cell membranes. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1359408. [PMID: 38584704 PMCID: PMC10995232 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1359408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amiel Abettan
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3528, Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions Unit, Paris, France
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - Minh-Ha Nguyen
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3528, Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions Unit, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3528, Biological NMR and HDX-MS Technological Platform, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3528, Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions Unit, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Luca Monticelli
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, Lyon, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3528, Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions Unit, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
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2
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Seitz C, Deveci İ, McCammon JA. Glycosylation and Crowded Membrane Effects on Influenza Neuraminidase Stability and Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9926-9934. [PMID: 37903229 PMCID: PMC10641874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
All protein simulations are conducted with varying degrees of simplification, oftentimes with unknown ramifications about how these simplifications affect the interpretability of the results. In this work, we investigated how protein glycosylation and lateral crowding effects modulate an array of properties characterizing the stability and dynamics of influenza neuraminidase. We constructed three systems: (1) glycosylated neuraminidase in a whole virion (i.e., crowded membrane) environment, (2) glycosylated neuraminidase in its own lipid bilayer, and (3) unglycosylated neuraminidase in its own lipid bilayer. We saw that glycans tend to stabilize the protein structure and reduce its conformational flexibility while restricting the solvent movement. Conversely, a crowded membrane environment encouraged exploration of the free energy landscape and a large-scale conformational change, while making the protein structure more compact. Understanding these effects informs what factors one must consider in attempting to recapture the desired level of physical accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Seitz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - İlker Deveci
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - J. Andrew McCammon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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3
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Seitz C, Deveci İ, McCammon JA. Glycosylation and Crowded Membrane Effects on Influenza Neuraminidase Stability and Dynamics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.10.556910. [PMID: 37745347 PMCID: PMC10515755 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.10.556910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
All protein simulations are conducted with varying degrees of simplifications, oftentimes with unknown ramifications on how these simplifications affect the interpretability of the results. In this work we investigated how protein glycosylation and lateral crowding effects modulate an array of properties characterizing the stability and dynamics of influenza neuraminidase. We constructed three systems: 1) Glycosylated neuraminidase in a whole virion (i.e. crowded membrane) environment 2) Glycosylated neuraminidase in its own lipid bilayer 3) Unglycosylated neuraminidase in its own lipid bilayer. We saw that glycans tend to stabilize the protein structure and reduce its conformational flexibility while restricting solvent movement. Conversely, a crowded membrane environment encouraged exploration of the free energy landscape and a large scale conformational change while making the protein structure more compact. Understanding these effects informs what factors one must consider while attempting to recapture the desired level of physical accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Seitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - İlker Deveci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - J. Andrew McCammon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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4
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Irukuvajjula SS, Jithender Reddy G, Rao K, Vadrevu LR. Contrasting effect of ficoll on apo and holo forms of bacterial chemotaxis protein Y: Selective destabilization of the conformationally altered holo form. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123505. [PMID: 36736516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemotaxis Y (CheY), upon metal binding, displays a drastic alteration in its structure and stability. This premise prompted us to study the effect of crowding on the two conformationally distinct states of the same test protein. A comparative analysis on the structure and thermal stability in the presence and absence of the macromolecular crowder, ficoll, and its monomeric unit, sucrose, revealed a contrasting effect of ficoll on the apo and holo forms. In the presence of ficoll while the thermal stability (Tm) of the apo form is enhanced, the thermal stability of the holo form is reduced. The selective lowering of Tm for the holo form in the combined presence of ficoll and sucrose and not in sucrose alone suggests that the contrasting effect is due to the macromolecular nature of ficoll. Since metal-protein interaction remains unperturbed in the presence of ficoll and Mg2+ sequestration is ruled out in a systematic manner the alternative possibility for the exclusive reduction in the thermal stability of the holo form is the ficoll-induced modulation of the relative population of apo and holo forms of CheY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivkumar Sharma Irukuvajjula
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Science and Technology - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India.
| | - G Jithender Reddy
- NMR Division, Department of Analytical & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Krishna Rao
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500107, India
| | - Late Ramakrishna Vadrevu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Science and Technology - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
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5
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Irukuvajjula SS, Reddy JG, Vadrevu R. Crowding by Poly(ethylene glycol) Destabilizes Chemotaxis Protein Y (CheY). Biochemistry 2022; 61:1431-1443. [PMID: 35796609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The prevailing understanding of various aspects of biochemical processes, including folding, stability, intermolecular interactions, and the binding of metals, substrates, and inhibitors, is derived from studies carried out under dilute and homogeneous conditions devoid of a crowding-related environment. The effect of crowding-induced modulation on the structure and stability of native and magnesium-dependent Chemotaxis Y (CheY), a bacterial signaling protein, was probed in the presence and absence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). A combined analysis from circular dichroism, intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence, and tryptophan fluorescence lifetime changes indicates that PEG perturbs the structure but leaves the thermal stability largely unchanged. Intriguingly, while the stability of the protein is enhanced in the presence of magnesium under dilute buffer conditions, PEG-induced crowding leads to reduced thermal stability in the presence of magnesium. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shift perturbations and resonance broadening for a subset of residues indicate that PEG interacts specifically with a subset of hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues found predominantly in α helices, β strands, and in the vicinity of the metal-binding region. Thus, PEG prompted conformational perturbation, presumably provides a different situation for magnesium interaction, thereby perturbing the magnesium-prompted stability. In summary, our results highlight the dominance of enthalpic contributions between PEG and CheY via both hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, which can subtly affect the conformation, modulating the metal-protein interaction and stability, implying that in the context of cellular situation, structure, stability, and magnesium binding thermodynamics of CheY may be different from those measured in dilute solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivkumar Sharma Irukuvajjula
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science─Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Jithender G Reddy
- NMR Division, Department of Analytical & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ramakrishna Vadrevu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science─Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
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6
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Rajendran D, Mitra S, Oikawa H, Madhurima K, Sekhar A, Takahashi S, Naganathan AN. Quantification of Entropic Excluded Volume Effects Driving Crowding-Induced Collapse and Folding of a Disordered Protein. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3112-3120. [PMID: 35357183 PMCID: PMC7612738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the conformational properties of the intrinsically disordered DNA-binding domain of CytR in the presence of the polymeric crowder polyethylene glycol (PEG). Integrating circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, and single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer measurements, we demonstrate that disordered CytR populates a well-folded minor conformation in its native ensemble, while the unfolded ensemble collapses and folds with an increase in crowder density independent of the crowder size. Employing a statistical-mechanical model, the effective reduction in the accessible conformational space of a residue in the unfolded state is estimated to be 10% at 300 mg/mL PEG8000, relative to dilute conditions. The experimentally consistent PEG-temperature phase diagram thus constructed reveals that entropic effects can stabilize disordered CytR by 10 kJ mol-1, driving the equilibrium toward folded conformations under physiological conditions. Our work highlights the malleable conformational landscape of CytR, the presence of a folded conformation in the disordered ensemble, and proposes a scaling relation for quantifying excluded volume effects on protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rajendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Shrutarshi Mitra
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oikawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kulkarni Madhurima
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ashok Sekhar
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Athi N Naganathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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7
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Voegele A, Sadi M, O'Brien DP, Gehan P, Raoux‐Barbot D, Davi M, Hoos S, Brûlé S, Raynal B, Weber P, Mechaly A, Haouz A, Rodriguez N, Vachette P, Durand D, Brier S, Ladant D, Chenal A. A High-Affinity Calmodulin-Binding Site in the CyaA Toxin Translocation Domain is Essential for Invasion of Eukaryotic Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003630. [PMID: 33977052 PMCID: PMC8097335 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms and forces involved in the translocation of bacterial toxins into host cells are still a matter of intense research. The adenylate cyclase (CyaA) toxin from Bordetella pertussis displays a unique intoxication pathway in which its catalytic domain is directly translocated across target cell membranes. The CyaA translocation region contains a segment, P454 (residues 454-484), which exhibits membrane-active properties related to antimicrobial peptides. Herein, the results show that this peptide is able to translocate across membranes and to interact with calmodulin (CaM). Structural and biophysical analyses reveal the key residues of P454 involved in membrane destabilization and calmodulin binding. Mutational analysis demonstrates that these residues play a crucial role in CyaA translocation into target cells. In addition, calmidazolium, a calmodulin inhibitor, efficiently blocks CyaA internalization. It is proposed that after CyaA binding to target cells, the P454 segment destabilizes the plasma membrane, translocates across the lipid bilayer and binds calmodulin. Trapping of CyaA by the CaM:P454 interaction in the cytosol may assist the entry of the N-terminal catalytic domain by converting the stochastic motion of the polypeptide chain through the membrane into an efficient vectorial chain translocation into host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Voegele
- Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions UnitDepartment of Structural Biology and ChemistryInstitut PasteurCNRS UMR3528Paris75015France
- Université de ParisSorbonne Paris CitéParis75006France
| | - Mirko Sadi
- Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions UnitDepartment of Structural Biology and ChemistryInstitut PasteurCNRS UMR3528Paris75015France
- Université de ParisSorbonne Paris CitéParis75006France
| | - Darragh Patrick O'Brien
- Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions UnitDepartment of Structural Biology and ChemistryInstitut PasteurCNRS UMR3528Paris75015France
| | - Pauline Gehan
- Sorbonne UniversitéÉcole normale supérieurePSL UniversityCNRSLaboratoire des biomoléculesLBMParis75005France
| | - Dorothée Raoux‐Barbot
- Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions UnitDepartment of Structural Biology and ChemistryInstitut PasteurCNRS UMR3528Paris75015France
| | - Maryline Davi
- Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions UnitDepartment of Structural Biology and ChemistryInstitut PasteurCNRS UMR3528Paris75015France
| | - Sylviane Hoos
- Plateforme de Biophysique MoléculaireInstitut PasteurUMR 3528 CNRSParis75015France
| | - Sébastien Brûlé
- Plateforme de Biophysique MoléculaireInstitut PasteurUMR 3528 CNRSParis75015France
| | - Bertrand Raynal
- Plateforme de Biophysique MoléculaireInstitut PasteurUMR 3528 CNRSParis75015France
| | - Patrick Weber
- Institut PasteurPlate‐forme de cristallographie‐C2RTUMR‐3528 CNRSParis75015France
| | - Ariel Mechaly
- Institut PasteurPlate‐forme de cristallographie‐C2RTUMR‐3528 CNRSParis75015France
| | - Ahmed Haouz
- Institut PasteurPlate‐forme de cristallographie‐C2RTUMR‐3528 CNRSParis75015France
| | - Nicolas Rodriguez
- Sorbonne UniversitéÉcole normale supérieurePSL UniversityCNRSLaboratoire des biomoléculesLBMParis75005France
| | - Patrice Vachette
- Université Paris‐SaclayCEACNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐Yvette91198France
| | - Dominique Durand
- Université Paris‐SaclayCEACNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐Yvette91198France
| | - Sébastien Brier
- Biological NMR Technological PlateformCenter for Technological Resources and ResearchDepartment of Structural Biology and ChemistryInstitut PasteurCNRS UMR3528Paris75015France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions UnitDepartment of Structural Biology and ChemistryInstitut PasteurCNRS UMR3528Paris75015France
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions UnitDepartment of Structural Biology and ChemistryInstitut PasteurCNRS UMR3528Paris75015France
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8
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Nasreen K, Parray ZA, Shamsi A, Ahmad F, Ahmed A, Malik A, Lakhrm NA, Hassan MI, Islam A. Crowding Milleu stabilizes apo-myoglobin against chemical-induced denaturation: Dominance of hardcore repulsions in the heme devoid protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:552-560. [PMID: 33744250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular crowding can have significant consequences on the structure and dynamics of a protein. The size and shape of a co-solute molecule and the nature of protein contribute significantly in macromolecular crowding, which results in different outcomes in similar conditions. The structure of apo-myoglobin (apo-Mb) both in the absence and presence of denaturants (GdmCl and urea) was investigated in crowded conditions at pH 7.0, with a comparable size of crowders (~70 kDa) but of different shapes (ficoll and dextran) at various concentrations using spectroscopic techniques like absorption and circular dichroism to monitor changes in secondary and tertiary structure, respectively. The crowders in the absence of denaturants showed structural stabilization of the tertiary structure while no significant change in the secondary structure was observed. The effect of crowders on the stability of the protein was also investigated using probes such as Δε291 and θ222 using chemical denaturants. The analysis of chemical-induced denaturation curves showed that both the crowders stabilize apo-Mb by increasing the values of the midpoint of transition (Cm) and change in free energy in the absence of denaturant (∆GD°), and it was observed that dextran 70 shows more stabilization than ficoll 70 under similar conditions. In this study apo-Mb showed stabilization under crowded conditions, which is a deviation from earlier work from our group where holo form of the same protein was destabilized. This study emphasizes that volume exclusion is a dominant force in a simple protein while soft interactions may play important role in the proteins that are possessing prosthetic group. Hence, the effect of crowders is protein-dependent, and excluded volume plays a great role in the stabilization of apo-Mb, which does not interact with the crowders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalida Nasreen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Parray
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajamaluddin Malik
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Abobakr Lakhrm
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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9
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Baumann U. Structure-Function Relationships of the Repeat Domains of RTX Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110657. [PMID: 31718085 PMCID: PMC6891781 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RTX proteins are a large family of polypeptides of mainly Gram-negative origin that are secreted into the extracellular medium by a type I secretion system featuring a non-cleavable C-terminal secretion signal, which is preceded by a variable number of nine-residue tandem repeats. The three-dimensional structure forms a parallel β-roll, where β-strands of two parallel sheets are connected by calcium-binding linkers in such a way that a right-handed spiral is built. The Ca2+ ions are an integral part of the structure, which cannot form without them. The structural determinants of this unique architecture will be reviewed with its conservations and variations together with the implication for secretion and folding of these proteins. The general purpose of the RTX domains appears to act as an internal chaperone that keeps the polypeptide unfolded in the calcium-deprived cytosol and triggers folding in the calcium-rich extracellular medium. A rather recent addition to the structural biology of the RTX toxin is a variant occurring in a large RTX adhesin, where this non-canonical β-roll binds to ice and diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Baumann
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstrasse 47, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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10
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O'Brien DP, Cannella SE, Voegele A, Raoux-Barbot D, Davi M, Douché T, Matondo M, Brier S, Ladant D, Chenal A. Post-translational acylation controls the folding and functions of the CyaA RTX toxin. FASEB J 2019; 33:10065-10076. [PMID: 31226003 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802442rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The adenylate cyclase (CyaA) toxin is a major virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. CyaA is synthetized as a pro-toxin, pro-CyaA, and converted into its cytotoxic form upon acylation of two lysines. After secretion, CyaA invades eukaryotic cells and produces cAMP, leading to host defense subversion. To gain further insights into the effect of acylation, we compared the functional and structural properties of pro-CyaA and CyaA proteins. HDX-MS results show that the refolding process of both proteins upon progressive urea removal is initiated by calcium binding to the C-terminal RTX domain. We further identified a critical hydrophobic segment, distal from the acylation region, that folds at higher urea concentration in CyaA than in pro-CyaA. Once refolded into monomers, CyaA is more compact and stable than pro-CyaA, due to a complex set of interactions between domains. Our HDX-MS data provide direct evidence that the presence of acyl chains in CyaA induces a significant stabilization of the apolar segments of the hydrophobic domain and of most of the acylation region. We propose a refolding model dependent on calcium and driven by local and distal acylation-dependent interactions within CyaA. Therefore, CyaA acylation is not only critical for cell intoxication, but also for protein refolding into its active conformation. Our data shed light on the complex relationship between post-translational modifications, structural disorder and protein folding. Coupling calcium-binding and acylation-driven folding is likely pertinent for other repeat-in-toxin cytolysins produced by many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens.-O'Brien, D. P., Cannella, S. E., Voegele, A., Raoux-Barbot, D., Davi, M., Douché, T., Matondo, M., Brier, S., Ladant, D., Chenal, A. Post-translational acylation controls the folding and functions of the CyaA RTX toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darragh P O'Brien
- Institut Pasteur, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, UMR CNRS 3528, Paris, France
| | - Sara E Cannella
- Institut Pasteur, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, UMR CNRS 3528, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Voegele
- Institut Pasteur, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, UMR CNRS 3528, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot Paris VII, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dorothée Raoux-Barbot
- Institut Pasteur, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, UMR CNRS 3528, Paris, France
| | - Marilyne Davi
- Institut Pasteur, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, UMR CNRS 3528, Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Douché
- Institut Pasteur, Proteomics Platform, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, USR CNRS 2000, Paris, France
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Institut Pasteur, Proteomics Platform, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, USR CNRS 2000, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Brier
- Institut Pasteur, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, UMR CNRS 3528, Paris, France.,Biological NMR Technical Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research, UMR CNRS 3528, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Institut Pasteur, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, UMR CNRS 3528, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- Institut Pasteur, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, UMR CNRS 3528, Paris, France
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11
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Voegele A, Sadi M, Raoux-Barbot D, Douché T, Matondo M, Ladant D, Chenal A. The Adenylate Cyclase (CyaA) Toxin from Bordetella pertussis Has No Detectable Phospholipase A (PLA) Activity In Vitro. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11020111. [PMID: 30781809 PMCID: PMC6409671 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenylate cyclase (CyaA) toxin produced in Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough. CyaA exhibits the remarkable capacity to translocate its N-terminal adenyl cyclase domain (ACD) directly across the plasma membrane into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. Once translocated, calmodulin binds and activates ACD, leading to a burst of cAMP that intoxicates the target cell. Previously, Gonzalez-Bullon et al. reported that CyaA exhibits a phospholipase A activity that could destabilize the membrane to facilitate ACD membrane translocation. However, Bumba and collaborators lately reported that they could not replicate these results. To clarify this controversy, we assayed the putative PLA activity of two CyaA samples purified in two different laboratories by using two distinct fluorescent probes reporting either PLA2 or both PLA1 and PLA2 activities, as well as in various experimental conditions (i.e., neutral or negatively charged membranes in different buffers.) However, we could not detect any PLA activity in these CyaA batches. Thus, our data independently confirm that CyaA does not possess any PLA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Voegele
- Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, CEDEX 15, 75724 Paris, France.
- Université Paris Diderot Paris VII, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Mirko Sadi
- Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, CEDEX 15, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Dorothée Raoux-Barbot
- Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, CEDEX 15, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Thibaut Douché
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Proteomics Platform, Institut Pasteur, USR CNRS 2000, CEDEX 15, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Proteomics Platform, Institut Pasteur, USR CNRS 2000, CEDEX 15, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, CEDEX 15, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, CEDEX 15, 75724 Paris, France.
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12
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Folding of poly-amino acids and intrinsically disordered proteins in overcrowded milieu induced by pH change. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:244-255. [PMID: 30529354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
pH-induced structural changes of the synthetic homopolypeptides poly-E, poly-K, poly-R, and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) prothymosin α (ProTα) and linker histone H1, in concentrated PEG solutions simulating macromolecular crowding conditions within the membrane-less organelles, were characterized. The conformational transitions of the studied poly-amino acids in the concentrated PEG solutions depend on the polymerization degree of these homopolypeptides, the size of their side chains, the charge distribution of the side chains, and the crowding agent concentration. The results obtained for poly-amino acids are valid for IDPs having a significant total charge. The overcrowded conditions promote a significant increase in the cooperativity of the pH-induced coil-α-helix transition of ProTα and provoke histone H1 aggregation. The most favorable conditions for the pH-induced structural transitions in concentrated PEG solutions are realized when the charged residues are grouped in blocks, and when the distance between the end of the side group carrying charge and the backbone is small. Therefore, the block-wise distribution of charged residues within the IDPs not only plays an important role in the liquid-liquid phase transitions, but may also define the expressivity of structural transitions of these proteins in the overcrowded conditions of the membrane-less organelles.
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13
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Voegele A, O'Brien DP, Subrini O, Sapay N, Cannella SE, Enguéné VYN, Hessel A, Karst J, Hourdel V, Perez ACS, Davi M, Veneziano R, Chopineau J, Vachette P, Durand D, Brier S, Ladant D, Chenal A. Translocation and calmodulin-activation of the adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) of Bordetella pertussis. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:5188676. [PMID: 30452651 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) is a multi-domain protein secreted by Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. CyaA is involved in the early stages of respiratory tract colonization by Bordetella pertussis. CyaA is produced and acylated in the bacteria, and secreted via a dedicated secretion system. The cell intoxication process involves a unique mechanism of transport of the CyaA toxin catalytic domain (ACD) across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Once translocated, ACD binds to and is activated by calmodulin and produces high amounts of cAMP, subverting the physiology of eukaryotic cells. Here, we review our work on the identification and characterization of a critical region of CyaA, the translocation region, required to deliver ACD into the cytosol of target cells. The translocation region contains a segment that exhibits membrane-active properties, i.e. is able to fold upon membrane interaction and permeabilize lipid bilayers. We proposed that this region is required to locally destabilize the membrane, decreasing the energy required for ACD translocation. To further study the translocation process, we developed a tethered bilayer lipid membrane (tBLM) design that recapitulate the ACD transport across a membrane separating two hermetic compartments. We showed that ACD translocation is critically dependent on calcium, membrane potential, CyaA acylation and on the presence of calmodulin in the trans compartment. Finally, we describe how calmodulin-binding triggers key conformational changes in ACD, leading to its activation and production of supraphysiological concentrations of cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Voegele
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France.,Université Paris Diderot Paris VII, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Darragh P O'Brien
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France.,University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Orso Subrini
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Nicolas Sapay
- Bioaster Technology Research Institute, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Sara E Cannella
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France.,University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Yvette Ntsogo Enguéné
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Audrey Hessel
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Johanna Karst
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Véronique Hourdel
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Ana Cristina Sotomayor Perez
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Marilyne Davi
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Rémi Veneziano
- ICGM, UMR 5253 Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France.,Department of Bioengineering, Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030-4422, USA
| | - Joel Chopineau
- ICGM, UMR 5253 Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Patrice Vachette
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Dominique Durand
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Sébastien Brier
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
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14
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Fonin AV, Darling AL, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Uversky VN. Intrinsically disordered proteins in crowded milieu: when chaos prevails within the cellular gumbo. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3907-3929. [PMID: 30066087 PMCID: PMC11105604 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Effects of macromolecular crowding on structural and functional properties of ordered proteins, their folding, interactability, and aggregation are well documented. Much less is known about how macromolecular crowding might affect structural and functional behaviour of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) or intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs). To fill this gap, this review represents a systematic analysis of the available literature data on the behaviour of IDPs/IDPRs in crowded environment. Although it was hypothesized that, due to the excluded-volume effects present in crowded environments, IDPs/IDPRs would invariantly fold in the presence of high concentrations of crowding agents or in the crowded cellular environment, accumulated data indicate that, based on their response to the presence of crowders, IDPs/IDPRs can be grouped into three major categories, foldable, non-foldable, and unfoldable. This is because natural cellular environment is not simply characterized by the presence of high concentration of "inert" macromolecules, but represents an active milieu, components of which are engaged in direct physical interactions and soft interactions with target proteins. Some of these interactions with cellular components can cause (local) unfolding of query proteins. In other words, since crowding can cause both folding and unfolding of an IDP or its regions, the outputs of the placing of a query protein to the crowded environment would depend on the balance between these two processes. As a result, and because of the spatio-temporal heterogeneity in structural organization of IDPs, macromolecular crowding can differently affect structures of different IDPs. Recent studies indicate that some IDPs are able to undergo liquid-liquid-phase transitions leading to the formation of various proteinaceous membrane-less organelles (PMLOs). Although interiors of such PMLOs are self-crowded, being characterized by locally increased concentrations of phase-separating IDPs, these IDPs are minimally foldable or even non-foldable at all (at least within the physiologically safe time-frame of normal PMLO existence).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Fonin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - April L Darling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Irina M Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin K Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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15
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Chenal A, Ladant D. Bioengineering of Bordetella pertussis Adenylate Cyclase Toxin for Antigen-Delivery and Immunotherapy. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E302. [PMID: 30037010 PMCID: PMC6070788 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10070302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) is one of the major virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. CyaA is able to invade eukaryotic cells where, upon activation by endogenous calmodulin, it synthesizes massive amounts of cAMP that alters cellular physiology. The CyaA toxin is a 1706 residues-long bifunctional protein: the catalytic domain is located in the 400 amino-proximal residues, whereas the carboxy-terminal 1306 residues are implicated in toxin binding to the cellular receptor, the αMβ₂ (CD11b/CD18) integrin, and subsequently in the translocation of the catalytic domain across the cytoplasmic membrane of the target cells. Indeed, this protein is endowed with the unique capability of delivering its N-terminal catalytic domain directly across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic target cells. These properties have been exploited to engineer the CyaA toxin as a potent non-replicating vector able to deliver antigens into antigen presenting cells and elicit specific cell-mediated immune responses. Antigens of interest can be inserted into the CyaA protein to yield recombinant molecules that are targeted in vivo to dendritic cells, where the antigens are processed and presented by the major class I and class II histocompatibility complexes (MHC-I and II). CyaA turned out to be a remarkably effective and versatile vaccine vector capable of inducing all the components of the immune response (T-CD4, T-CD8, and antibody). In this chapter, we summarize the basic knowledge on the adenylate cyclase toxin and then describe the application of CyaA in vaccinology, including some recent results of clinical trials of immunotherapy using a recombinant CyaA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Chenal
- Institut Pasteur, Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions Unit, UMR CNRS 3528, Structural Biology and Chemistry Department, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France.
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Institut Pasteur, Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions Unit, UMR CNRS 3528, Structural Biology and Chemistry Department, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France.
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16
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O'Brien DP, Perez ACS, Karst J, Cannella SE, Enguéné VYN, Hessel A, Raoux-Barbot D, Voegele A, Subrini O, Davi M, Guijarro JI, Raynal B, Baron B, England P, Hernandez B, Ghomi M, Hourdel V, Malosse C, Chamot-Rooke J, Vachette P, Durand D, Brier S, Ladant D, Chenal A. Calcium-dependent disorder-to-order transitions are central to the secretion and folding of the CyaA toxin of Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. Toxicon 2018; 149:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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O’Brien DP, Durand D, Voegele A, Hourdel V, Davi M, Chamot-Rooke J, Vachette P, Brier S, Ladant D, Chenal A. Calmodulin fishing with a structurally disordered bait triggers CyaA catalysis. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2004486. [PMID: 29287065 PMCID: PMC5764468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Once translocated into the cytosol of target cells, the catalytic domain (AC) of the adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA), a major virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis, is potently activated by binding calmodulin (CaM) to produce supraphysiological levels of cAMP, inducing cell death. Using a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), and synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SR-CD), we show that, in the absence of CaM, AC exhibits significant structural disorder, and a 75-residue-long stretch within AC undergoes a disorder-to-order transition upon CaM binding. Beyond this local folding, CaM binding induces long-range allosteric effects that stabilize the distant catalytic site, whilst preserving catalytic loop flexibility. We propose that the high enzymatic activity of AC is due to a tight balance between the CaM-induced decrease of structural flexibility around the catalytic site and the preservation of catalytic loop flexibility, allowing for fast substrate binding and product release. The CaM-induced dampening of AC conformational disorder is likely relevant to other CaM-activated enzymes. Calmodulin is a widespread and highly conserved protein that interacts with a wide variety of eukaryotic proteins and enzymes, controlling their activities in response to calcium. The adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) of Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, is one such calmodulin target. Once transported across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells, the catalytic domain (AC) of CyaA is activated by calmodulin, producing high levels of cAMP, which can induce cell death. We use an integrative structural biology approach combining several biophysical techniques to characterize the structural rearrangements in AC upon calmodulin binding and to elucidate their relationship to CyaA activation. We show that a disordered stretch of 75 amino acid residues in AC serves as a bait for calmodulin capture. Binding induces significant folding within this region, a prerequisite for CyaA activation. Calmodulin binding promotes the stabilization of the distant catalytic site, whilst maintaining its catalytic loop in a flexible and exposed state. Both phenomena contribute to the high enzymatic activity of AC, allowing for fast substrate binding and cAMP release. The calmodulin-induced reduction of AC conformational disorder is likely relevant to other calmodulin-activated enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darragh P. O’Brien
- Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Durand
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
- * E-mail: (A.C.); (D.L.); (D.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Alexis Voegele
- Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Hourdel
- Institut Pasteur, USR CNRS 2000, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, CITECH, Paris, France
| | - Marilyne Davi
- Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, Paris, France
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Institut Pasteur, USR CNRS 2000, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, CITECH, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Vachette
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Brier
- Institut Pasteur, USR CNRS 2000, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, CITECH, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (A.C.); (D.L.); (D.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (A.C.); (D.L.); (D.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (A.C.); (D.L.); (D.D.); (S.B.)
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18
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Membrane-Active Properties of an Amphitropic Peptide from the CyaA Toxin Translocation Region. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9110369. [PMID: 29135925 PMCID: PMC5705984 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9110369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenylate cyclase toxin CyaA is involved in the early stages of infection by Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. CyaA intoxicates target cells by a direct translocation of its catalytic domain (AC) across the plasma membrane and produces supraphysiological levels of cAMP, leading to cell death. The molecular process of AC translocation remains largely unknown, however. We have previously shown that deletion of residues 375–485 of CyaA selectively abrogates AC translocation into eukaryotic cells. We further identified within this “translocation region” (TR), P454 (residues 454–484), a peptide that exhibits membrane-active properties, i.e., is able to bind and permeabilize lipid vesicles. Here, we analyze various sequences from CyaA predicted to be amphipatic and show that although several of these peptides can bind membranes and adopt a helical conformation, only the P454 peptide is able to permeabilize membranes. We further characterize the contributions of the two arginine residues of P454 to membrane partitioning and permeabilization by analyzing the peptide variants in which these residues are substituted by different amino acids (e.g., A, K, Q, and E). Our data shows that both arginine residues significantly contribute, although diversely, to the membrane-active properties of P454, i.e., interactions with both neutral and anionic lipids, helix formation in membranes, and disruption of lipid bilayer integrity. These results are discussed in the context of the translocation process of the full-length CyaA toxin.
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19
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O'Brien DP, Brier S, Ladant D, Durand D, Chenal A, Vachette P. SEC-SAXS and HDX-MS: A powerful combination. The case of the calcium-binding domain of a bacterial toxin. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 65:62-68. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darragh P. O'Brien
- Institut Pasteur; UMR CNRS 3528; Chemistry and Structural Biology Department; Paris France
| | - Sébastien Brier
- Institut Pasteur; USR CNRS 2000; CITECH; Chemistry and Structural Biology Department; Paris France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Institut Pasteur; UMR CNRS 3528; Chemistry and Structural Biology Department; Paris France
| | - Dominique Durand
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR 9198; Université Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- Institut Pasteur; UMR CNRS 3528; Chemistry and Structural Biology Department; Paris France
| | - Patrice Vachette
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR 9198; Université Paris-Sud; Orsay France
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20
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Molecular Modeling of the Catalytic Domain of CyaA Deepened the Knowledge of Its Functional Dynamics. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9070199. [PMID: 28672846 PMCID: PMC5535146 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9070199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although CyaA has been studied for over three decades and revealed itself to be a very good prototype for developing various biotechnological applications, only a little is known about its functional dynamics and about the conformational landscape of this protein. Molecular dynamics simulations helped to clarify the view on these points in the following way. First, the model of interaction between AC and calmodulin (CaM) has evolved from an interaction centered on the surface between C-CaM hydrophobic patch and the α helix H of AC, to a more balanced view, in which the C-terminal tail of AC along with the C-CaM Calcium loops play an important role. This role has been confirmed by the reduction of the affinity of AC for calmodulin in the presence of R338, D360 and N347 mutations. In addition, enhanced sampling studies have permitted to propose a representation of the conformational space for the isolated AC. It remains to refine this representation using structural low resolution information measured on the inactive state of AC. Finally, due to a virtual screening study on another adenyl cyclase from Bacillus anthracis, weak inhibitors of AC have been discovered.
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21
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Alfano C, Sanfelice D, Martin SR, Pastore A, Temussi PA. An optimized strategy to measure protein stability highlights differences between cold and hot unfolded states. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15428. [PMID: 28516908 PMCID: PMC5454340 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Macromolecular crowding ought to stabilize folded forms of proteins, through an excluded volume effect. This explanation has been questioned and observed effects attributed to weak interactions with other cell components. Here we show conclusively that protein stability is affected by volume exclusion and that the effect is more pronounced when the crowder's size is closer to that of the protein under study. Accurate evaluation of the volume exclusion effect is made possible by the choice of yeast frataxin, a protein that undergoes cold denaturation above zero degrees, because the unfolded form at low temperature is more expanded than the corresponding one at high temperature. To achieve optimum sensitivity to changes in stability we introduce an empirical parameter derived from the stability curve. The large effect of PEG 20 on cold denaturation can be explained by a change in water activity, according to Privalov's interpretation of cold denaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Alfano
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Domenico Sanfelice
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Stephen R. Martin
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Annalisa Pastore
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Piero Andrea Temussi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita' di Napoli Federico II, Napoli 80126, Italy
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22
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Comino N, Cifuente JO, Marina A, Orrantia A, Eguskiza A, Guerin ME. Mechanistic insights into the allosteric regulation of bacterial ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6255-6268. [PMID: 28223362 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) controls bacterial glycogen and plant starch biosynthetic pathways, the most common carbon storage polysaccharides in nature. AGPase activity is allosterically regulated by a series of metabolites in the energetic flux within the cell. Very recently, we reported the first crystal structures of the paradigmatic AGPase from Escherichia coli (EcAGPase) in complex with its preferred physiological negative and positive allosteric regulators, adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), respectively. However, understanding the molecular mechanism by which AMP and FBP allosterically modulates EcAGPase enzymatic activity still remains enigmatic. Here we found that single point mutations of key residues in the AMP-binding site decrease its inhibitory effect but also clearly abolish the overall AMP-mediated stabilization effect in wild-type EcAGPase. Single point mutations of key residues for FBP binding did not revert the AMP-mediated stabilization. Strikingly, an EcAGPase-R130A mutant displayed a dramatic increase in activity when compared with wild-type EcAGPase, and this increase correlated with a significant increment of glycogen content in vivo The crystal structure of EcAGPase-R130A revealed unprecedented conformational changes in structural elements involved in the allosteric signal transmission. Altogether, we propose a model in which the positive and negative energy reporters regulate AGPase catalytic activity via intra- and interprotomer cross-talk, with a "sensory motif" and two loops, RL1 and RL2, flanking the ATP-binding site playing a significant role. The information reported herein provides exciting possibilities for industrial/biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Comino
- From the Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Javier O Cifuente
- From the Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Alberto Marina
- From the Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ane Orrantia
- From the Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ander Eguskiza
- From the Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Marcelo E Guerin
- From the Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain, .,Unidad de Biofísica, Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (CSIC,UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940 Bizkaia, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, 48940 Bizkaia, Spain, and.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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23
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Cannella SE, Ntsogo Enguéné VY, Davi M, Malosse C, Sotomayor Pérez AC, Chamot-Rooke J, Vachette P, Durand D, Ladant D, Chenal A. Stability, structural and functional properties of a monomeric, calcium-loaded adenylate cyclase toxin, CyaA, from Bordetella pertussis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42065. [PMID: 28186111 PMCID: PMC5301233 DOI: 10.1038/srep42065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, secretes an adenylate cyclase toxin, CyaA, which invades eukaryotic cells and alters their physiology by cAMP overproduction. Calcium is an essential cofactor of CyaA, as it is the case for most members of the Repeat-in-ToXins (RTX) family. We show that the calcium-bound, monomeric form of CyaA, hCyaAm, conserves its permeabilization and haemolytic activities, even in a fully calcium-free environment. In contrast, hCyaAm requires sub-millimolar calcium in solution for cell invasion, indicating that free calcium in solution is involved in the CyaA toxin translocation process. We further report the first in solution structural characterization of hCyaAm, as deduced from SAXS, mass spectrometry and hydrodynamic studies. We show that hCyaAm adopts a compact and stable state that can transiently conserve its conformation even in a fully calcium-free environment. Our results therefore suggest that in hCyaAm, the C-terminal RTX-domain is stabilized in a high-affinity calcium-binding state by the N-terminal domains while, conversely, calcium binding to the C-terminal RTX-domain strongly stabilizes the N-terminal regions. Hence, the different regions of hCyaAm appear tightly connected, leading to stabilization effects between domains. The hysteretic behaviour of CyaA in response to calcium is likely shared by other RTX cytolysins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Cannella
- Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, 75724 PARIS cedex 15, France
| | | | - Marilyne Davi
- Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, 75724 PARIS cedex 15, France
| | - Christian Malosse
- Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, 75724 PARIS cedex 15, France
| | | | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, 75724 PARIS cedex 15, France
| | - Patrice Vachette
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR 9198, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 ORSAY Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Durand
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR 9198, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 ORSAY Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, 75724 PARIS cedex 15, France
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, 75724 PARIS cedex 15, France
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24
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Masin J, Osickova A, Sukova A, Fiser R, Halada P, Bumba L, Linhartova I, Osicka R, Sebo P. Negatively charged residues of the segment linking the enzyme and cytolysin moieties restrict the membrane-permeabilizing capacity of adenylate cyclase toxin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29137. [PMID: 27581058 PMCID: PMC5007505 DOI: 10.1038/srep29137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The whooping cough agent, Bordetella pertussis, secretes an adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (CyaA) that plays a crucial role in host respiratory tract colonization. CyaA targets CR3-expressing cells and disrupts their bactericidal functions by delivering into their cytosol an adenylate cyclase enzyme that converts intracellular ATP to cAMP. In parallel, the hydrophobic domain of CyaA forms cation-selective pores that permeabilize cell membrane. The invasive AC and pore-forming domains of CyaA are linked by a segment that is unique in the RTX cytolysin family. We used mass spectrometry and circular dichroism to show that the linker segment forms α-helical structures that penetrate into lipid bilayer. Replacement of the positively charged arginine residues, proposed to be involved in target membrane destabilization by the linker segment, reduced the capacity of the toxin to translocate the AC domain across cell membrane. Substitutions of negatively charged residues then revealed that two clusters of negative charges within the linker segment control the size and the propensity of CyaA pore formation, thereby restricting the cell-permeabilizing capacity of CyaA. The ‘AC to Hly-linking segment’ thus appears to account for the smaller size and modest cell-permeabilizing capacity of CyaA pores, as compared to typical RTX hemolysins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Masin
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Osickova
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Sukova
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Fiser
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Halada
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Linhartova
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Osicka
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sebo
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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The Differential Response of Proteins to Macromolecular Crowding. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1005040. [PMID: 27471851 PMCID: PMC4966950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The habitat in which proteins exert their function contains up to 400 g/L of macromolecules, most of which are proteins. The repercussions of this dense environment on protein behavior are often overlooked or addressed using synthetic agents such as poly(ethylene glycol), whose ability to mimic protein crowders has not been demonstrated. Here we performed a comprehensive atomistic molecular dynamic analysis of the effect of protein crowders on the structure and dynamics of three proteins, namely an intrinsically disordered protein (ACTR), a molten globule conformation (NCBD), and a one-fold structure (IRF-3) protein. We found that crowding does not stabilize the native compact structure, and, in fact, often prevents structural collapse. Poly(ethylene glycol) PEG500 failed to reproduce many aspects of the physiologically-relevant protein crowders, thus indicating its unsuitability to mimic the cell interior. Instead, the impact of protein crowding on the structure and dynamics of a protein depends on its degree of disorder and results from two competing effects: the excluded volume, which favors compact states, and quinary interactions, which favor extended conformers. Such a viscous environment slows down protein flexibility and restricts the conformational landscape, often biasing it towards bioactive conformations but hindering biologically relevant protein-protein contacts. Overall, the protein crowders used here act as unspecific chaperons that modulate the protein conformational space, thus having relevant consequences for disordered proteins. Most in vitro and in silico biophysical experiments generally study proteins in an isolated environment, overlooking that their natural environment—the cell cytoplasm—is a solution that is highly populated by proteins. To address this knowledge gap, here we explored how a crowded environment alters the conformational sampling of three proteins, each with a different degree of disorder and flexibility. We simulated a crowded system composed by the three proteins and reaching a cell-like concentration and compared the protein behavior observed with that induced by PEG500, a synthetic crowding agent. Despite some similarities between the environments, protein crowders showed a number of characteristics that raise concerns about the use of diluted solutions or synthetic agents when studying protein behavior.
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26
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Albesa-Jové D, Comino N, Tersa M, Mohorko E, Urresti S, Dainese E, Chiarelli LR, Pasca MR, Manganelli R, Makarov V, Riccardi G, Svergun DI, Glockshuber R, Guerin ME. The Redox State Regulates the Conformation of Rv2466c to Activate the Antitubercular Prodrug TP053. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:31077-89. [PMID: 26546681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.677039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rv2466c is a key oxidoreductase that mediates the reductive activation of TP053, a thienopyrimidine derivative that kills replicating and non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but whose mode of action remains enigmatic. Rv2466c is a homodimer in which each subunit displays a modular architecture comprising a canonical thioredoxin-fold with a Cys(19)-Pro(20)-Trp(21)-Cys(22) motif, and an insertion consisting of a four α-helical bundle and a short α-helical hairpin. Strong evidence is provided for dramatic conformational changes during the Rv2466c redox cycle, which are essential for TP053 activity. Strikingly, a new crystal structure of the reduced form of Rv2466c revealed the binding of a C-terminal extension in α-helical conformation to a pocket next to the active site cysteine pair at the interface between the thioredoxin domain and the helical insertion domain. The ab initio low-resolution envelopes obtained from small angle x-ray scattering showed that the fully reduced form of Rv2466c adopts a "closed" compact conformation in solution, similar to that observed in the crystal structure. In contrast, the oxidized form of Rv2466c displays an "open" conformation, where tertiary structural changes in the α-helical subdomain suffice to account for the observed conformational transitions. Altogether our structural, biochemical, and biophysical data strongly support a model in which the formation of the catalytic disulfide bond upon TP053 reduction triggers local structural changes that open the substrate binding site of Rv2466c allowing the release of the activated, reduced form of TP053. Our studies suggest that similar structural changes might have a functional role in other members of the thioredoxin-fold superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Albesa-Jové
- From the Unidad de Biofísica, Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (CSIC,UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain, the Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain, the IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Natalia Comino
- From the Unidad de Biofísica, Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (CSIC,UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain, the Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
| | - Montse Tersa
- From the Unidad de Biofísica, Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (CSIC,UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain, the Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Mohorko
- the Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saioa Urresti
- From the Unidad de Biofísica, Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (CSIC,UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain, the Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
| | | | - Laurent R Chiarelli
- Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani," University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani," University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Vadim Makarov
- the A. N. Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119071 Moscow, Russia, and
| | - Giovanna Riccardi
- Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani," University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rudi Glockshuber
- the Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcelo E Guerin
- From the Unidad de Biofísica, Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (CSIC,UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain, the Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain, the IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain,
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27
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Yu H, Rathore SS, Shen C, Liu Y, Ouyang Y, Stowell MH, Shen J. Reconstituting Intracellular Vesicle Fusion Reactions: The Essential Role of Macromolecular Crowding. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12873-83. [PMID: 26431309 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular vesicle fusion is mediated by SNAREs and Sec1/Munc18 (SM) proteins. Despite intensive efforts, the SNARE-SM mediated vesicle fusion reaction has not been faithfully reconstituted in biochemical assays. Here, we present an unexpected discovery that macromolecular crowding is required for reconstituting the vesicle fusion reaction in vitro. Macromolecular crowding is known to profoundly influence the kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors of macromolecules, but its role in membrane transport processes such as vesicle fusion remains unexplored. We introduced macromolecular crowding agents into reconstituted fusion reactions to mimic the crowded cellular environment. In this crowded assay, SNAREs and SM proteins acted in concert to drive efficient membrane fusion. In uncrowded assays, by contrast, SM proteins failed to associate with the SNAREs and the fusion rate decreased more than 30-fold, close to undetectable levels. The activities of SM proteins were strictly specific to their cognate SNARE isoforms and sensitive to biologically relevant mutations, further supporting that the crowded fusion assay accurately recapitulates the vesicle fusion reaction. Using this crowded fusion assay, we also showed that the SNARE-SM mediated fusion reaction can be modulated by two additional factors: NSF and α-SNAP. These findings suggest that the vesicle fusion machinery likely has been evolutionarily selected to function optimally in the crowded milieu of the cell. Accordingly, macromolecular crowding should constitute an integral element of any reconstituted fusion assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijia Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Shailendra S Rathore
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yan Ouyang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael H Stowell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jingshi Shen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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28
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O'Brien DP, Hernandez B, Durand D, Hourdel V, Sotomayor-Pérez AC, Vachette P, Ghomi M, Chamot-Rooke J, Ladant D, Brier S, Chenal A. Structural models of intrinsically disordered and calcium-bound folded states of a protein adapted for secretion. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14223. [PMID: 26374675 PMCID: PMC4642704 DOI: 10.1038/srep14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many Gram-negative bacteria use Type I secretion systems, T1SS, to secrete virulence factors that contain calcium-binding Repeat-in-ToXin (RTX) motifs. Here, we present structural models of an RTX protein, RD, in both its intrinsically disordered calcium-free Apo-state and its folded calcium-bound Holo-state. Apo-RD behaves as a disordered polymer chain comprising several statistical elements that exhibit local rigidity with residual secondary structure. Holo-RD is a folded multi-domain protein with an anisometric shape. RTX motifs thus appear remarkably adapted to the structural and mechanistic constraints of the secretion process. In the low calcium environment of the bacterial cytosol, Apo-RD is an elongated disordered coil appropriately sized for transport through the narrow secretion machinery. The progressive folding of Holo-RD in the extracellular calcium-rich environment as it emerges form the T1SS may then favor its unidirectional export through the secretory channel. This process is relevant for hundreds of bacterial species producing virulent RTX proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darragh P O'Brien
- Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, 75724 PARIS cedex 15, France
| | - Belen Hernandez
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Groupe de Biophysique Moléculaire, UFR Santé-Médecine-Biologie Humaine, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Durand
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR 9198, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 ORSAY Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Hourdel
- Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, 75724 PARIS cedex 15, France
| | | | - Patrice Vachette
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR 9198, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 ORSAY Cedex, France
| | - Mahmoud Ghomi
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Groupe de Biophysique Moléculaire, UFR Santé-Médecine-Biologie Humaine, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, 75724 PARIS cedex 15, France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, 75724 PARIS cedex 15, France
| | - Sébastien Brier
- Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, 75724 PARIS cedex 15, France
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3528, Chemistry and Structural Biology Department, 75724 PARIS cedex 15, France
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29
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Selwa E, Davi M, Chenal A, Sotomayor-Pérez AC, Ladant D, Malliavin TE. Allosteric activation of Bordetella pertussis adenylyl cyclase by calmodulin: molecular dynamics and mutagenesis studies. J Biol Chem 2015; 289:21131-41. [PMID: 24907274 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.530410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclase (AC) toxin is an essential toxin that allows Bordetella pertussis to invade eukaryotic cells, where it is activated after binding to calmodulin (CaM). Based on the crystal structure of the AC catalytic domain in complex with the C-terminal half of CaM (C-CaM), our previous molecular dynamics simulations (Selwa, E., Laine, E., and Malliavin, T. (2012) Differential role of calmodulin and calcium ions in the stabilization of the catalytic domain of adenyl cyclase CyaA from Bordetella pertussis. Proteins 80, 1028–1040) suggested that three residues (i.e. Arg(338), Asn(347), and Asp(360)) might be important for stabilizing the AC/CaM interaction. These residues belong to a loop-helix-loop motif at the C-terminal end of AC, which is located at the interface between CaM and the AC catalytic loop. In the present study, we conducted the in silico and in vitro characterization of three AC variants, where one (Asn(347); ACm1A), two (Arg(338) and Asp(360); ACm2A), or three residues (Arg(338), Asn(347), and Asp(360); ACm3A) were substituted with Ala. Biochemical studies showed that the affinities of ACm1A and ACm2A for CaM were not affected significantly, whereas that of ACm3A was reduced dramatically. To understand the effects of these modifications, molecular dynamics simulations were performed based on the modified proteins. The molecular dynamics trajectories recorded for the ACm3AC-CaM complex showed that the calcium-binding loops of C-CaM exhibited large fluctuations, which could be related to the weakened interaction between ACm3A and its activator. Overall, our results suggest that the loop-helix-loop motif at the C-terminal end of AC is crucial during CaM binding for stabilizing the AC catalytic loop in an active configuration.
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30
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Politou A, Temussi PA. Revisiting a dogma: the effect of volume exclusion in molecular crowding. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2015; 30:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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31
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Disorder-to-order transition in the CyaA toxin RTX domain: implications for toxin secretion. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 7:1-20. [PMID: 25559101 PMCID: PMC4303809 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen a fundamental reappraisal of the protein structure-to-function paradigm because it became evident that a significant fraction of polypeptides are lacking ordered structures under physiological conditions. Ligand-induced disorder-to-order transition plays a key role in the biological functions of many proteins that contain intrinsically disordered regions. This trait is exhibited by RTX (Repeat in ToXin) motifs found in more than 250 virulence factors secreted by Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. We have investigated several RTX-containing polypeptides of different lengths, all derived from the Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin, CyaA. Using a combination of experimental approaches, we showed that the RTX proteins exhibit the hallmarks of intrinsically disordered proteins in the absence of calcium. This intrinsic disorder mainly results from internal electrostatic repulsions between negatively charged residues of the RTX motifs. Calcium binding triggers a strong reduction of the mean net charge, dehydration and compaction, folding and stabilization of secondary and tertiary structures of the RTX proteins. We propose that the intrinsically disordered character of the RTX proteins may facilitate the uptake and secretion of virulence factors through the bacterial secretion machinery. These results support the hypothesis that the folding reaction is achieved upon protein secretion and, in the case of proteins containing RTX motifs, could be finely regulated by the calcium gradient across bacterial cell wall.
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32
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What macromolecular crowding can do to a protein. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23090-140. [PMID: 25514413 PMCID: PMC4284756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular environment represents an extremely crowded milieu, with a limited amount of free water and an almost complete lack of unoccupied space. Obviously, slightly salted aqueous solutions containing low concentrations of a biomolecule of interest are too simplistic to mimic the “real life” situation, where the biomolecule of interest scrambles and wades through the tightly packed crowd. In laboratory practice, such macromolecular crowding is typically mimicked by concentrated solutions of various polymers that serve as model “crowding agents”. Studies under these conditions revealed that macromolecular crowding might affect protein structure, folding, shape, conformational stability, binding of small molecules, enzymatic activity, protein-protein interactions, protein-nucleic acid interactions, and pathological aggregation. The goal of this review is to systematically analyze currently available experimental data on the variety of effects of macromolecular crowding on a protein molecule. The review covers more than 320 papers and therefore represents one of the most comprehensive compendia of the current knowledge in this exciting area.
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33
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Karst JC, Ntsogo Enguéné VY, Cannella SE, Subrini O, Hessel A, Debard S, Ladant D, Chenal A. Calcium, acylation, and molecular confinement favor folding of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase CyaA toxin into a monomeric and cytotoxic form. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30702-30716. [PMID: 25231985 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.580852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenylate cyclase (CyaA) toxin, a multidomain protein of 1706 amino acids, is one of the major virulence factors produced by Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. CyaA is able to invade eukaryotic target cells in which it produces high levels of cAMP, thus altering the cellular physiology. Although CyaA has been extensively studied by various cellular and molecular approaches, the structural and functional states of the toxin remain poorly characterized. Indeed, CyaA is a large protein and exhibits a pronounced hydrophobic character, making it prone to aggregation into multimeric forms. As a result, CyaA has usually been extracted and stored in denaturing conditions. Here, we define the experimental conditions allowing CyaA folding into a monomeric and functional species. We found that CyaA forms mainly multimers when refolded by dialysis, dilution, or buffer exchange. However, a significant fraction of monomeric, folded protein could be obtained by exploiting molecular confinement on size exclusion chromatography. Folding of CyaA into a monomeric form was found to be critically dependent upon the presence of calcium and post-translational acylation of the protein. We further show that the monomeric preparation displayed hemolytic and cytotoxic activities suggesting that the monomer is the genuine, physiologically active form of the toxin. We hypothesize that the structural role of the post-translational acylation in CyaA folding may apply to other RTX toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Karst
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - V Yvette Ntsogo Enguéné
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Sara E Cannella
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Orso Subrini
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Audrey Hessel
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Sylvain Debard
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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Samanta N, Mahanta DD, Hazra S, Kumar GS, Mitra RK. Short chain polyethylene glycols unusually assist thermal unfolding of human serum albumin. Biochimie 2014; 104:81-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Theillet FX, Binolfi A, Frembgen-Kesner T, Hingorani K, Sarkar M, Kyne C, Li C, Crowley PB, Gierasch L, Pielak GJ, Elcock AH, Gershenson A, Selenko P. Physicochemical properties of cells and their effects on intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Chem Rev 2014; 114:6661-714. [PMID: 24901537 PMCID: PMC4095937 DOI: 10.1021/cr400695p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Xavier Theillet
- Department
of NMR-supported Structural Biology, In-cell NMR Laboratory, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andres Binolfi
- Department
of NMR-supported Structural Biology, In-cell NMR Laboratory, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Frembgen-Kesner
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Bowen Science Building, 51 Newton
Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Karan Hingorani
- Departments
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Program in
Molecular & Cellular Biology, University
of Massachusetts, Amherst, 240 Thatcher Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Mohona Sarkar
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ciara Kyne
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland,
Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Conggang Li
- Key Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center
for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Peter B. Crowley
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland,
Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lila Gierasch
- Departments
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Program in
Molecular & Cellular Biology, University
of Massachusetts, Amherst, 240 Thatcher Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gary J. Pielak
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Adrian H. Elcock
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Bowen Science Building, 51 Newton
Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Anne Gershenson
- Departments
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Program in
Molecular & Cellular Biology, University
of Massachusetts, Amherst, 240 Thatcher Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Philipp Selenko
- Department
of NMR-supported Structural Biology, In-cell NMR Laboratory, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Reddy KD, DeForte S, Uversky VN. Digested disorder: Quarterly intrinsic disorder digest (July-August-September, 2013). INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS 2014; 2:e27833. [PMID: 28232877 PMCID: PMC5314876 DOI: 10.4161/idp.27833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The current literature on intrinsically disordered proteins grows fast. To keep interested readers up to speed with this literature, we continue a "Digested Disorder" project and represent a new issue of reader's digest of the research papers and reviews on intrinsically disordered proteins. The only 2 criteria for inclusion in this digest are the publication date (a paper should be published within the covered time frame) and topic (a paper should be dedicated to any aspect of protein intrinsic disorder). The current digest issue covers papers published during the third quarter of 2013; i.e., during the period of June, July, and September of 2013. Similar to previous issues, the papers are grouped hierarchically by topics they cover, and for each of the included paper a short description is given on its major findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna D Reddy
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Morsani College of Medicine; University of South Florida; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Shelly DeForte
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Morsani College of Medicine; University of South Florida; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Morsani College of Medicine; University of South Florida; Tampa, FL USA; USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute; Morsani College of Medicine; University of South Florida; Tampa, FL USA; Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Institute for Biological Instrumentation; Russian Academy of Sciences; Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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Subrini O, Sotomayor-Pérez AC, Hessel A, Spiaczka-Karst J, Selwa E, Sapay N, Veneziano R, Pansieri J, Chopineau J, Ladant D, Chenal A. Characterization of a membrane-active peptide from the Bordetella pertussis CyaA toxin. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32585-32598. [PMID: 24064217 PMCID: PMC3820891 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.508838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, the pathogenic bacteria responsible for whooping cough, secretes several virulence factors, among which is the adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) that plays a crucial role in the early stages of human respiratory tract colonization. CyaA invades target cells by translocating its catalytic domain directly across the plasma membrane and overproduces cAMP, leading to cell death. The molecular process leading to the translocation of the catalytic domain remains largely unknown. We have previously shown that the catalytic domain per se, AC384, encompassing residues 1-384 of CyaA, did not interact with lipid bilayer, whereas a longer polypeptide, AC489, spanning residues 1-489, binds to membranes and permeabilizes vesicles. Moreover, deletion of residues 375-485 within CyaA abrogated the translocation of the catalytic domain into target cells. Here, we further identified within this region a peptidic segment that exhibits membrane interaction properties. A synthetic peptide, P454, corresponding to this sequence (residues 454-485 of CyaA) was characterized by various biophysical approaches. We found that P454 (i) binds to membranes containing anionic lipids, (ii) adopts an α-helical structure oriented in plane with respect to the lipid bilayer, and (iii) permeabilizes vesicles. We propose that the region encompassing the helix 454-485 of CyaA may insert into target cell membrane and induce a local destabilization of the lipid bilayer, thus favoring the translocation of the catalytic domain across the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orso Subrini
- From the Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Ana-Cristina Sotomayor-Pérez
- From the Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Audrey Hessel
- From the Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Johanna Spiaczka-Karst
- From the Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Edithe Selwa
- the Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Bio-Informatique Structurale, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Nicolas Sapay
- the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences de la Vie, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, CEA Grenoble, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Rémi Veneziano
- the Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS/ENSCM/UM2/UM1, Equipe "Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé", UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault-BP 14 491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Jonathan Pansieri
- the Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS/ENSCM/UM2/UM1, Equipe "Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé", UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault-BP 14 491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Joel Chopineau
- the Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS/ENSCM/UM2/UM1, Equipe "Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé", UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault-BP 14 491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; the Université de Nîmes, Rue Docteur Georges Salan, 30021 Nîmes, France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- From the Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France,.
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- From the Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France,.
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