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Máximo-Canadas M, Borges I. Absorption spectra of p-nitroaniline derivatives: charge transfer effects and the role of substituents. J Mol Model 2024; 30:120. [PMID: 38564015 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Push-pull compounds are model systems and have numerous applications. By changing their substituents, properties are modified and new molecules for different applications can be designed. The work investigates the gas-phase electronic absorption spectra of 15 derivatives of push-pull para-nitroaniline (pNA). This molecule has applications in pharmaceuticals, azo dyes, corrosion inhibitors, and optoelectronics. Both electron-donor and electron-withdrawing groups were investigated. Employing machine learning-derived Hammett's constants σm, σm0, σR, and σI, correlations between substituents and electronic properties were obtained. Overall, the σm0 constants presented the best correlation with HOMO and LUMO energies, whereas the σR constants best agreed with the transition energy of the first band and HOMO-LUMO energy gap. Electron-donors, which have lower σR values, redshift the absorption spectrum and reduce the HOMO-LUMO energy gap. Conversely, electron-withdrawing groups (higher σR's) blueshift the spectrum and increase the energy gap. The second band maximum energies, studied here for the first time, showed no correlation with σ but tended to increase with σ. A comprehensive charge transfer (CT) analysis of the main transition of all systems was also carried out. We found that donors (lower σ's) slightly enhance the CT character of the unsubstituted pNA, whereas acceptors (higher σ's) decrease it, leading to increased local excitations within the aromatic ring. The overall CT variation is not large, except for pNA-SO2H, which considerably decreases the total CT value. We found that the strong electron donors pNA-OH, pNA-OCH3, and pNA-NH2, which have the smallest HOMO-LUMO energy gaps and lowest σ's, have potential for optoelectronic applications. The results show that none of the studied molecules is fluorescent in the gas phase. However, pNA-NH2 and pNA-COOH in cyclohexane and water reveal fluorescence upon solvation. METHODS We investigated theoretically employing the second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC(2)) ab initio wave function and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) the gas-phase electronic absorption spectra of 15 derivatives of p-nitroaniline (pNA). The investigated substituents include both electron-donor (C6H5, CCH, CH3, NH2, OCH3, and OH,) and electron-withdrawing (Br, CCl3, CF3, Cl, CN, COOH, F, NO2, and SO2H) substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Máximo-Canadas
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-270, Brazil.
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Mandal P, Panda AN. Contrasting the excited state properties of different conformers of trans- and cis-2,2'-bipyridine oligomers in the gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2646-2656. [PMID: 38174437 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05313j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In this article, we present conformation-dependent photophysical and excited state properties of trans- and cis- BPY oligomers. Oligomers up to tetramers for three conformers, namely, o-, m-, and p-, are constructed and optimized at the B3LYP-D3/def2-SVPD level. The photophysical and excited state properties are interpreted in terms of UV and CD spectra at the RI-ADC(2)/def2-TZVPD level. The UV spectra of oligomers of the m-conformer show high-intensity and red-shifted UV bands compared to o- and p-oligomers. The CD spectra of p-oligomers show intense CD bands compared to o- and p-oligomers in the case of trans-structures. In contrast, oligomers of each conformer of cis-structures show high-intensity CD bands. The excited states of (BPY)2 and (BPY)4 are also characterized by analysis of one-electron transition density matrix considering three descriptors: ωCT, dexc, and PRNTO. The ωCT values of dimers are in the range of 0.06-0.32, which indicates the excited states are mainly LE states, whereas, for (BPY)4, the ωCT values range from 0.17 to 0.53, indicating the possibility of partial CT in the excited states. These observations are also explained using the NTOs and e-h correlation plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.
| | - Aditya N Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.
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Monteiro-de-Castro G, Borges I. A Hammett's analysis of the substituent effect in functionalized diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) systems: Optoelectronic properties and intramolecular charge transfer effects. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:2256-2273. [PMID: 37496237 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) systems have promising applications in different organic electronic devices. In this work, we investigated the effect of 20 different substituent groups on the optoelectronic properties of DPP-based derivatives as the donor ( D )-material in an organic photovoltaic (OPV) device. For this purpose, we employed Hammett's theory (HT), which quantifies the electron-donating or -withdrawing properties of a given substituent group. Machine learning (ML)-basedσ m ,σ p ,σ m 0 ,σ p 0 ,σ p + ,σ p - ,σ I , andσ R Hammett's constants previously determined were used. Mono- (DPP-X1 ) and di-functionalized (DPP-X2 ) DPPs, where X is a substituent group, were investigated using density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT (TDDFT), and ab initio methods. Several properties were computed using CAM-B3LYP and the second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction, ADC(2), an ab initio wave function method, including the adiabatic ionization potential ( I P A ), the electron affinity ( E A A ), the HOMO-LUMO gaps (E g ), and the maximum absorption wavelengths (λ max ), the first excited state transition 1 S0 → 1 S1 energies ( ∆ E ) (the optical gap), and exciton binding energies. From the optoelectronic properties and employing typical acceptor systems, the power conversion efficiency ( PCE ), open-circuit voltage (V OC ), and fill factor ( FF ) were predicted for a DPP-based OPV device. These photovoltaic properties were also correlated with the machine learning (ML)-based Hammett's constants. Overall, good correlations between all properties and the different types of σ constants were obtained, except for theσ I constants, which are related to inductive effects. This scenario suggests that resonance is the main factor controlling electron donation and withdrawal effects. We found that substituent groups with large σ values can produce higher photovoltaic efficiencies. It was also found that electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) reducedE g and ∆ E considerably compared to the unsubstituted DPP-H. Moreover, for every decrease (increase) in the values of a given optoelectronic property of DPP-X1 systems, a more significant decrease (increase) in the same values was observed for the DPP-X2 , thus showing that the addition of the second substituent results in a more extensive influence on all electronic properties. For the exciton binding energies, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm identified groups of substituents characterized by average values (centroids) of Hammett's constants that can drive the search for new DDP-derived materials. Our work presents a promising approach by applying HT on molecular engineering DPP-based molecules and other conjugated molecules for applications on organic optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Defesa, Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Tachikawa H, Izumi Y, Iyama T, Abe S, Watanabe I. Aluminum-Doping Effects on the Electronic States of Graphene Nanoflake: Diffusion and Hydrogen Storage Mechanism. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2046. [PMID: 37513057 PMCID: PMC10384847 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoflakes are widely utilized as high-performance molecular devices due to their chemical stability and light weight. In the present study, the interaction of aluminum species with graphene nanoflake (denoted as GR-Al) has been investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) method to elucidate the doping effects of Al metal on the electronic states of GR. The mechanisms of the diffusion of Al on GR surface and the hydrogen storage of GR-Al were also investigated in detail. The neutral, mono-, di-, and trivalent Al ions (expressed as Al, Al+, Al2+, and Al3+, respectively) were examined as the Al species. The DFT calculations showed that the charge transfer interaction between Al and GR plays an important role in the binding of Al species to GR. The diffusion path of Al on GR surface was determined: the barrier heights of Al diffusion were calculated to be 2.1-2.8 kcal mol-1, which are lower than Li+ on GR (7.2 kcal/mol). The possibility of using GR-Al for hydrogen storage was also discussed on the basis of the theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Tachikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Izumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Iyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Abe
- Department of Dental and Biomedical Materials Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan
| | - Ikuya Watanabe
- Department of Dental and Biomedical Materials Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan
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Bhat V, Callaway CP, Risko C. Computational Approaches for Organic Semiconductors: From Chemical and Physical Understanding to Predicting New Materials. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37141497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
While a complete understanding of organic semiconductor (OSC) design principles remains elusive, computational methods─ranging from techniques based in classical and quantum mechanics to more recent data-enabled models─can complement experimental observations and provide deep physicochemical insights into OSC structure-processing-property relationships, offering new capabilities for in silico OSC discovery and design. In this Review, we trace the evolution of these computational methods and their application to OSCs, beginning with early quantum-chemical methods to investigate resonance in benzene and building to recent machine-learning (ML) techniques and their application to ever more sophisticated OSC scientific and engineering challenges. Along the way, we highlight the limitations of the methods and how sophisticated physical and mathematical frameworks have been created to overcome those limitations. We illustrate applications of these methods to a range of specific challenges in OSCs derived from π-conjugated polymers and molecules, including predicting charge-carrier transport, modeling chain conformations and bulk morphology, estimating thermomechanical properties, and describing phonons and thermal transport, to name a few. Through these examples, we demonstrate how advances in computational methods accelerate the deployment of OSCsin wide-ranging technologies, such as organic photovoltaics (OPVs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic thermoelectrics, organic batteries, and organic (bio)sensors. We conclude by providing an outlook for the future development of computational techniques to discover and assess the properties of high-performing OSCs with greater accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Bhat
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Connor P Callaway
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
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Shavez M, Panda AN. Assessing Effects of Different π bridges on Properties of Random Benzodithiophene-thienothiophene Donor and Non-fullerene Acceptor Based Active Layer. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9852-9864. [PMID: 34738461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This report presents the effect of insertion of four different π bridges, furan, thienothiophene, thiophene, and thiazole, into a random benzodithiophene (BDT)-fluorinated-thienothiophene (TT-F) based donor. Starting from a structure of synthesized donor (D)-acceptor (A) random copolymer with 3:1 ratio, we have designed four D-π-A systems with four different π bridges. Structural, optoelectronic, and charge transport/transfer properties of these donors and donor/NDI (NDI = poly[N,N'-bis(2-hexyldecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)) blends are investigated using DFT and TD-DFT methodologies. Our results show that the thiazole based TzP1 oligomer has the deepest HOMO value resulting in the highest open circuit voltage among all systems. The maximum absorption wavelengths of π-linked systems are red-shifted compared to the parent molecule. Rates of charge transfer and charge recombination are the highest and smallest in case of the thiazole/NDI blend system. In addition, hole mobilities in thiophene, thienothiophene, and thiazole based systems are larger than in the parent system. The results indicate that the thiazole unit among the four π bridge units is the most suitable for active layer construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shavez
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Aditya N Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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Titov E, Hummert J, Ikonnikov E, Mitrić R, Kornilov O. Electronic relaxation of aqueous aminoazobenzenes studied by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and surface hopping TDDFT dynamics calculations. Faraday Discuss 2021; 228:226-241. [PMID: 33586720 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies of ultrafast relaxation of molecular chromophores are complicated by the fact that most chromophores of biological and technological importance are rather large molecules and are strongly affected by their environment, either solvent or a protein cage. Here we present an approach which allows us to follow transient electronic structure of complex photoexcited molecules. We use the method of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy in solution to follow relaxation of two prototypical aqueous chromophores, Methyl Orange and Metanil Yellow, both of which are aminoazobenzene derivatives. Using excitation by 400 nm laser pulses and ionization by wavelength-selected 46.7 nm XUV pulses from high-order harmonic generation we follow relaxation of both molecules via the dark S1 state. The photoelectron spectra yield binding energies of both ground and excited states. We combine the experimental results with surface hopping time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations employing B3LYP+D3 and ωB97X-D functionals. The results demonstrate that the method is generally suitable for description of ultrafast dynamics in these molecules and can recover absolute binding energies observed in the experiment. The B3LYP+D3 functional appears to be better suited for these systems, especially in the case of Metanil Yellow, where it indicates the importance of an intramolecular charge transfer state. Our results pave the way towards quantitative understanding of evolving electronic structure in photo-induced relaxation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Titov
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Johan Hummert
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Roland Mitrić
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Oleg Kornilov
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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Rana D, Materny A. Effect of static external electric field on bulk and interfaces in organic solar cell systems: A density-functional-theory-based study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 253:119565. [PMID: 33631630 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a detailed comparison of optical and electronic properties in bulk and interfaces of well-known organic semiconductor systems in presence of an external electric field is reported. We have used density functional theory (DFT) to model organic solar cell systems. The study promotes a deeper understanding of the connection between the chemical structures and the optical and electronic properties in the well-known organic solar cell systems based on thiophene and fullerene polymers. We have performed a vibration-mode analysis by simulating Raman spectra in presence of external electric fields. Time-dependent DFT has been used to investigate the effect of an external electric field on excited state properties. The charge-transfer rate controlled by the external electric field has been quantitatively extracted using the simulated excited state dipole moment, Gibbs free energy, and Marcus theory. Our results provide a detailed characterization of the effect of the external electric field on the neat polymers (bulk) and on the donor-acceptor heterojunctions (interfaces) in organic solar cell systems. This theoretical approach not only helps to understand the effect of an external field on bulk and interfaces in organic semiconductors, but it also supports the design of novel devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debkumar Rana
- Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Materny
- Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
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Mehboob MY, Hussain R, Irshad Z, Adnan M. Designing of U‐shaped acceptor molecules for indoor and outdoor organic solar cell applications. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry University of Okara Okara Pakistan
| | - Zobia Irshad
- Graduate School, Department of Chemistry Chosun University Gwangju South Korea
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Graduate School, Department of Chemistry Chosun University Gwangju South Korea
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Mai S, González L. Molecular Photochemistry: Recent Developments in Theory. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16832-16846. [PMID: 32052547 PMCID: PMC7540682 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photochemistry is a fascinating branch of chemistry that is concerned with molecules and light. However, the importance of simulating light-induced processes is reflected also in fields as diverse as biology, material science, and medicine. This Minireview highlights recent progress achieved in theoretical chemistry to calculate electronically excited states of molecules and simulate their photoinduced dynamics, with the aim of reaching experimental accuracy. We focus on emergent methods and give selected examples that illustrate the progress in recent years towards predicting complex electronic structures with strong correlation, calculations on large molecules, describing multichromophoric systems, and simulating non-adiabatic molecular dynamics over long time scales, for molecules in the gas phase or in complex biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Photonics InstituteVienna University of TechnologyGusshausstrasse 27–291040ViennaAustria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Strasse 171090ViennaAustria
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11
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Mai S, González L. Molekulare Photochemie: Moderne Entwicklungen in der theoretischen Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Institut für Photonik Technische Universität Wien Gußhausstraße 27–29 1040 Wien Österreich
| | - Leticia González
- Institut für theoretische Chemie Fakultät für Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 17 1090 Wien Österreich
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12
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Designing indenothiophene-based acceptor materials with efficient photovoltaic parameters for fullerene-free organic solar cells. J Mol Model 2020; 26:137. [PMID: 32405764 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-fullerene small molecular acceptors (NFSMAs) exhibit promising photovoltaic performance which promoted the rapid progress of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, an attempt is done to explore indenothiophene-based high-performance small molecular electron acceptors for organic solar cells. We have designed five acceptor molecules (M1-M5) with strong donor moiety indenothiophene linked to five different end-capped group acceptor moieties: diflouro-2-methylene-3-oxo-2,3-dihydroindene-1-ylidene)malononitrile (A1), 1-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methylene-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-5,6-dicarbonitrile (A2), methyl-6-cyano-3-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methylene-1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-5-carboylate (A3), 2-(6-cyano-5-fluoro-2-methylene-3-oxo-2,3 dihydro-1H-indene-1-ylidene)malononitrile (A4), and (Z)-methyl 3-(benzo [c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)-2-cyanoacrylate (A5) respectively. The structure-property relationship was studied and effects of structural modification on the optoelectronic properties of these acceptors (M1-M5) were determined systematically by comparing it with reference molecule R, which is recently reported as excellent non-fullerene-based small acceptor molecule. Among all designed molecules, M5 is proven as a suitable candidate for organic solar cell applications due to better photovoltaic properties including narrow HOMO-LUMO energy gap (2.11 eV), smallest electron mobility (λe = 0.0038 eV), highest λmax values (702.82 nm in gas) and (663.09 nm in chloroform solvent) and highest open-circuit voltage (Voc = 1.49 V) with respect to HOMOPTB7-Th-LUMOacceptor. Our results indicate that introducing more end-capped electron-accepting units is a simple and effective alternative strategy for the design of promising NFSMAs. This theoretical framework also proves that the conceptualized NFSMAs are superior and thus are recommended for the future construction of high-performance organic solar cell devices. Graphical abstract.
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Siddique F, Barbatti M, Cui Z, Lischka H, Aquino AJA. Nonadiabatic Dynamics of Charge-Transfer States Using the Anthracene–Tetracyanoethylene Complex as a Prototype. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3347-3357. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Siddique
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | | | - Zhonghua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130400, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Hans Lischka
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Adelia J. A. Aquino
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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14
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Petrushenko IK, Petrushenko KB. Absorption properties of a BODIPY-curved graphene nanoflake system: A theoretical investigation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 224:117465. [PMID: 31437765 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Modifications in the electronic transitions of a popular 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (boron dipyrromethene, BODIPY) dye caused by quasi-parallel stacking with corannulene (C) were studied by means of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) with the CAM-B3LYP functional. The effects of the electron-withdrawing (CN) and electron-donating (NH2) substituents at the meso (8) position in the BODIPY core and the corannulene rim position on the character, location, and oscillator strengths (f) of some transitions of complexes were also discussed. To understand better the nature of the transitions, their occupied and virtual orbitals involved into the first electronic transitions as well as the electron density difference plots between excited and ground states of the complexes were investigated. The S0 → S1 transitions of 8H-B/C and 8NH2-B/C complexes have a small admixture of the charge transfer (CT) character in direction from BODIPY to corannulene (B → C). They located at 2.80 and 3.11 eV, respectively, and have f of ∼0.15. The 8CN-B/C complex with a stronger acceptor BODIPY part has the S0 → S1 transition with a higher degree of CT (B → C) at 2.32 eV with f = 0.08. The 8H-B/2NH2-C complex with a stronger donor corannulene part has the S0 → S1 transition with an expressed CT(B → C)-character at 2.58 eV with f = 0.003, whereas the S0 → S2 transition acquires in a some extent the features of the LE(B → B) character. A much interesting situation exists in the case of the 8NH2-B/2CN-C complex. Here we can find both CT (B → C) and CT (C → B) among the first five states. Besides this, different, higher in energy CT states and states delocalized on both molecules were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Petrushenko
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 83 Lermontov st., 664074 Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - K B Petrushenko
- AE Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky st., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Ruipérez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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16
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Modesto-Costa L, Borges I, Aquino AJA, Lischka H. Electronic structure theory gives insights into the higher efficiency of the PTB electron-donor polymers for organic photovoltaics in comparison with prototypical P3HT. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:184905. [PMID: 30441933 DOI: 10.1063/1.5054919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The electron donor poly-thienothiophene-benzodithiophene (PTB) polymer series displays remarkable properties that lead to more efficient bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells. In this work, the ground and four excited states (bright S 1 and dark S 2-S 4) of three different members of the PTBn (n = 1, 6, 7) series were studied and compared with the prototypical poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) donor polymer. Time-dependent density functional theory was employed to investigate oligomers of similar sizes (∼50 Å). Charge alternation electron accumulation and depletion regions of the four transitions are concentrated on the inner units, thereby favoring interaction with the electron acceptor in a BHJ. The bright S 1 transition energies of PTBn are about 0.2 eV lower as compared to P3HT, thereby allowing a better match of their levels with the typical C60-type acceptor moiety in a BHJ. Side chains play a minor role in the electronic spectrum (less than ∼0.1 eV). The most efficient PTB7 transfers more electronic charge from its electron-rich benzodithiophene subunit to its electron-deficient thieno[3,4-b] thiophene subunit as compared to PTB1 and PTB6. We show that the dipolar effect, a partial concentration of negative and positive charges on the different parts of the donor polymer that favors charge separation, is more pronounced in PTBn polymers and typically an order of magnitude larger as compared to P3HT. These effects are conspicuous for the most efficient polymer of the series, PTB7, with its fluorine substituent shown to play a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Modesto-Costa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adélia J A Aquino
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hans Lischka
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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17
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Jiang S, Xie Y, Lan Z. The role of the charge-transfer states in the ultrafast excitonic dynamics of the DTDCTB dimers embedded in a crystal environment. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Cui ZH, Aquino AJA, Sue ACH, Lischka H. Analysis of charge transfer transitions in stacked π-electron donor-acceptor complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26957-26967. [PMID: 30325364 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04770g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Charge-transfer (CT) interactions have recently attracted enhanced interest in creating ordered ferroelectric networks of electron donors (D) and acceptors (A) and in providing the basis of functional photonic devices. In the present work, the CT character of three distinct donor-acceptor (D-A) complex interactions (pyromellitic diimide (PDI)/1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN), para-chloranil (pClA)/tetramethyl-para-phenylenediamine (TMPD) and tetracyanobenzene (TCNB)/1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene (Bpe)) has been investigated in their ground and excited states using high-level quantum chemical methods (second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC(2)) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) using a long-range corrected functional (ωB97xD)). The calculations show that the lowest electronic excitation has pronounced CT character in all the three dimers investigated. On the contrary, the ground states possess only smaller amounts of CT degree except for the pClA/TMPD complex, which has a strong amount of CT of 0.4 e. Optimization of the S1 state and calculation of the resulting vertical fluorescence transitions led to the interesting finding of a zero-energy gap for pClA/TMPD. The next smallest energy gap is computed for PDI/DAN (1 eV) followed by TCNB/Bpe (2.6 eV). The analysis of the electronic charge distribution of the D-A complex in the excited state shows a significant variation even though practically a full electron charge has been transferred from D to A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
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19
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Yang X, Wang W, Yin S. Theoretical estimation of the dissociation energy of CT states at the acenes/C60 interfaces using fragmental-based ALMO method. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Modesto-Costa L, Borges I. Discrete and continuum modeling of solvent effects in a twisted intramolecular charge transfer system: The 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzonitrile (DMABN) molecule. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 201:73-81. [PMID: 29734107 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzonitrile (DMABN) molecule is a prototypical system displaying twisted intramolecular (TICT) charge transfer effects. The ground and the first four electronic excited states (S1-S4) in gas phase and upon solvation were studied. Charge transfer values as function of the torsion angle between the donor group (dimethylamine) and the acceptor moiety (benzonitrile) were explicitly computed. Potential energy curves were also obtained. The algebraic diagrammatic construction method at the second-order [ADC(2)] ab initio wave function was employed. Three solvents of increased polarities (benzene, DMSO and water) were investigated using discrete (average solvent electrostatic configuration - ASEC) and continuum (conductor-like screening model - COSMO) models. The results for the S3 and S4 excited states and the S1-S4 charge transfer curves were not previously available in the literature. Electronic gas phase and solvent vertical spectra are in good agreement with previous theoretical and experimental results. In the twisted (90°) geometry the optical oscillator strengths have negligible values even for the S2 bright state. Potential energy curves show two distinct pairs of curves intersecting at decreasing angles or not crossing in the more polar solvents. Charge transfer and electric dipole values allowed the rationalization of these results. The former effects are mostly independent of the solvent model and polarity. Although COSMO and ASEC solvent models mostly lead to similar results, there is an important difference: some crossings of the excitation energy curves appear only in the ASEC solvation model, which has important implications to the photochemistry of DMABN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Modesto-Costa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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21
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Muraoka A, Fujii M, Mishima K, Matsunaga H, Benten H, Ohkita H, Ito S, Yamashita K. Investigations on the charge transfer mechanism at donor/acceptor interfaces in the quest for descriptors of organic solar cell performance. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12193-12199. [PMID: 29683467 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01253a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we theoretically and experimentally investigated the mechanisms of charge separation processes of organic thin-film solar cells. PTB7, PTB1, and PTBF2 have been chosen as donors and PC71BM has been chosen as an acceptor considering that effective charge generation depends on the difference between the material combinations. Experimental results of transient absorption spectroscopy show that the hot process is a key step for determining external quantum efficiency (EQE) in these systems. From the quantum chemistry calculations, it has been found that EQE tends to increase as the transferred charge, charge transfer distance, and variation of dipole moments between the ground and excited states of the donor/acceptor complexes increase; this indicates that these physical quantities are a good descriptor to assess the donor-acceptor charge transfer quality contributing to the solar cell performance. We propose that designing donor/acceptor interfaces with large values of charge transfer distance and variation of dipole moments of the donor/acceptor complexes is a prerequisite for developing high-efficiency polymer/PCBM solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Muraoka
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
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22
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Nieman R, Tsai H, Nie W, Aquino AJA, Mohite AD, Tretiak S, Li H, Lischka H. The crucial role of a spacer material on the efficiency of charge transfer processes in organic donor-acceptor junction solar cells. NANOSCALE 2017; 10:451-459. [PMID: 29227494 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic donor-acceptor junction devices composed of π-conjugated polymer electron donors (D) and fullerene electron acceptors (A) show greatly increased performance when a spacer material is inserted between the two layers (W. Y. Nie, G. Gupta, B. K. Crone, F. L. Liu, D. L. Smith, P. P. Ruden, C. Y. Kuo, H. Tsai, H. L. Wang, H. Li, S. Tretiak and A. D. Mohite, Adv. Sci., 2015, 2, 1500024.). For instance, experimental results reveal significant improvement of photocurrent when a terthiophene oligomer derivative is inserted in between π-conjugated poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) donor and C60 acceptor. These results indicate favorable charge separation dynamics, which is addressed by our present joint theoretical/experimental study establishing the beneficial alignment of electronic levels due to the specific morphology of the material. Namely, based on the experimental data we have constructed extended structural interface models containing C60 fullerenes and P3HT separated by aligned oligomer chains. Our time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations based on a long-range corrected functional, allowed us to address the energetics of essential electronic states and analyze them in terms of charge transfer (CT) character. Specifically, the simulations reveal the electronic spectra composed of a ladder of excited states evolving excitation toward spatial charge separation: an initial excitonic excitation at P3HT decomposes into charges by sequentially relaxing through bands of C60-centric, oligomer → C60 and P3HT → C60 CT states. Our modeling exposes a critical role of dielectric environment effects and electronic couplings in the self-assembled spacer oligomer layer on the energetics of critical CT states leading to a reduced back-electron transfer, preventing recombination losses, and thus rationalizes physical processes underpinning experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA.
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23
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Fazzi D, Barbatti M, Thiel W. Hot and Cold Charge-Transfer Mechanisms in Organic Photovoltaics: Insights into the Excited States of Donor/Acceptor Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4727-4734. [PMID: 28903560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the excited-state manifold in organic D/A aggregates (e.g., the prototypical P3HT/PCBM) is investigated through a bottom-up approach via first-principles calculations. We show how the excited-state energies, the charge transfer (CT) states, and the electron-hole density distributions are strongly influenced by the size, the orientation, and the position (i.e., on-top versus on-edge phases) of P3HT/PCBM domains. We discuss how the structural order influences the excited-state electronic structure, providing an atomistic interpretation of the photophysics of organic blends. We show how the simultaneous presence of on-top and on-edge phases does not alter the optical absorption spectrum of the blend but does affect the photophysics. Photovoltaic processes such as (i) the simultaneous charge generation obtained from hot and cold excitations, (ii) the instantaneous and delayed charge separation, and (iii) the pump-push-probe charge generation can be interpreted based on our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fazzi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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24
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Wang CI, Hsu CH, Hua CC. The correspondence between the conformational and chromophoric properties of amorphous conjugated polymers in mesoscale condensed systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20818-20828. [PMID: 28744545 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03415f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For π-conjugated polymers, the notion of spectroscopic units or "chromophores" provides illuminating insights into the experimentally observed absorption/emission spectra and the mechanisms of energy/charge transfer. To date, however, no statistical analysis has revealed a direct correspondence between chromophoric and conformational properties-with the latter being fundamental to polymer semiconductors. Herein, we propose a "persistence length" calculation to re-evaluate chain conformation over a full conjugation length. The mesoscale condensed systems of MEH-PPV and MEH-PPV/C60 hybrid (system size ∼10 × 10 × 10 nm3) are utilized as two prototypical model systems, along with a full range of segmental lengths (2-20-mer) and five lowest singlet excited states to hint at the generality of the features presented. We demonstrate, for the first time, that two properly re-defined conformational factors that characterize chain folding and planarity, respectively, capture excellently the population distribution of chromophores in both systems investigated. In contrast, the conventional strategy of utilizing two adjacent monomer units to characterize (local) chain conformation results in only an inconspicuous correlation between the two, as previously reported. It is further shown that chain folding-and not chain planarity-is more relevant in capturing the associated oscillator strength for the first excited state, where the transient dipole moments are known to align with the chain conformation, although the corresponding excitation energy and exciton size seem relatively unaffected. The observed effects of C60 on the MEH-PPV adsorption spectra also agree with recent experimental trends. Overall, the present findings are expected to aid future multiscale computer simulations and spectroscopy-data interpretations for polymer semiconductors and their hybrid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun I Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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25
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De Sio A, Lienau C. Vibronic coupling in organic semiconductors for photovoltaics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:18813-18830. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03007j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy reveals vibronically-assisted coherent charge transport and separation in organic materials and opens up new perspectives for artificial light-to-current conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta De Sio
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität
- Oldenburg 26129
- Germany
| | - Christoph Lienau
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität
- Oldenburg 26129
- Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science
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26
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La Rocca MV, Rutkowski M, Ringeissen S, Gomar J, Frantz MC, Ngom S, Adamo C. Benchmarking the DFT methodology for assessing antioxidant-related properties: quercetin and edaravone as case studies. J Mol Model 2016; 22:250. [PMID: 27686561 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The overall objective was to identify an accurate computational electronic method to virtually screen phenolic compounds through their antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity. The impact of a key parameter of the density functional theory (DFT) approach was studied. Performances of the 21 most commonly used exchange-correlation functionals are thus detailed in the evaluation of the main energetic parameters related to the activities of two prototype antioxidants, namely quercetin and edaravone, is reported. These functionals have been chosen among those belonging to three different families of hybrid functionals, namely global, range separated, and double hybrids. Other computational parameters have also been considered, such as basis set and solvent effects. The selected parameters, namely bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), ionization potential (IP), and proton dissociation enthalpy (PDE) allow a mechanistic evaluation of the antioxidant activities of free radical scavengers. Our results show that all the selected functionals provide a coherent picture of these properties, predicting the same order of BDEs and PDEs. However, with respect to the reference values, the errors found at CBS-Q3 level significantly vary with the functional. Although it is difficult to evidence a global trend from the reported data, it clearly appears that LC-ωPBE, M05-2X, and M06-2X are the most suitable approaches for the considered properties, giving the lowest cumulative mean absolute errors. These methods are therefore suggested for an accurate and fast evaluation of energetic parameters related to an antioxidant activity via free radical scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vincenzo La Rocca
- Chimie ParisTech CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France.,Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia, Università dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Malvina Rutkowski
- Chimie ParisTech CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Ringeissen
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Jérôme Gomar
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Marie-Céline Frantz
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Saliou Ngom
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Carlo Adamo
- Chimie ParisTech CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, 103 Boulevard Saint Michel, 75005, Paris, France.
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27
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Yao H, Ye L, Zhang H, Li S, Zhang S, Hou J. Molecular Design of Benzodithiophene-Based Organic Photovoltaic Materials. Chem Rev 2016; 116:7397-457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 861] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Long Ye
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sunsun Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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28
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Modesto-Costa L, Uhl E, Borges I. Water solvent effects using continuum and discrete models: The nitromethane molecule, CH3NO2. J Comput Chem 2015; 36:2260-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Modesto-Costa
- Departamento De Química; Instituto Militar De Engenharia; Praça General Tibúrcio, 80 22290-270 Rio De Janeiro Brazil
| | - Elmar Uhl
- Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia De Defesa, Divisão de Ensino e Pesquisa; Instituto Militar De Engenharia; Praça General Tibúrcio, 80 Rio De Janeiro 22290-270 Brazil
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento De Química; Instituto Militar De Engenharia; Praça General Tibúrcio, 80 22290-270 Rio De Janeiro Brazil
- Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia De Defesa, Divisão de Ensino e Pesquisa; Instituto Militar De Engenharia; Praça General Tibúrcio, 80 Rio De Janeiro 22290-270 Brazil
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29
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Huix-Rotllant M, Tamura H, Burghardt I. Concurrent Effects of Delocalization and Internal Conversion Tune Charge Separation at Regioregular Polythiophene-Fullerene Heterojunctions. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1702-1708. [PMID: 26263337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-dynamical simulations are used to investigate the interplay of exciton delocalization and vibronically induced internal conversion processes in the elementary charge separation steps at regioregular donor-acceptor heterojunctions. Ultrafast internal conversion leads to efficient deexcitation within the excitonic and charge transfer manifolds, thus modifying the charge separation dynamics. We address a model donor-acceptor junction representative of regioregular P3HT-PCBM, using high-dimensional quantum dynamics simulations by multiconfigurational methods. While partial trapping into an interfacial charge separated state occurs, long-range charge-separated states are accessed as previously demonstrated in the work of Tamura and Burghardt [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 16364]. For an H-aggregate type, stacked donor species, the initial bright state undergoes ultrafast internal conversion within the excitonic manifold, creating multiple charge transfer pathways before reaching the lowest-energy dark exciton, which is uncoupled from the charge transfer manifold. This process profoundly affects the charge separation mechanism and efficiency. For small energetic offsets between the interfacial excitonic and charge transfer states, a delocalized initial bright state proves less prone to electron-hole capture by the interfacial trap than a localized, vibronic wavepacket close to the interface. For both delocalized and localized initial states, a comparable yield of free carriers is obtained, which is found to be optimal for energetic offsets of the order of the Coulomb barrier to charge separation. Interfacial trapping is significantly reduced as the barrier height decreases with fullerene aggregation. Despite the high-dimensional nature of the system, charge separation is an ultrafast coherent quantum process exhibiting oscillatory features as observed in recent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Huix-Rotllant
- †Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Tamura
- ‡WPI-Advanced Institute for Material Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Irene Burghardt
- †Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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30
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Zhugayevych A, Tretiak S. Theoretical Description of Structural and Electronic Properties of Organic Photovoltaic Materials. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2015; 66:305-30. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040214-121440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Zhugayevych
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545;
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia 143025
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545;
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31
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Garcia-Basabe Y, Yamamoto NAD, Roman LS, Rocco MLM. The effect of thermal annealing on the charge transfer dynamics of a donor–acceptor copolymer and fullerene: F8T2 and F8T2:PCBM. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:11244-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01285f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of the morphological changes induced by thermal annealing on the charge transfer dynamics of an internal donor–acceptor copolymer F8T2 and its blend with the fullerene derivative (PCBM).
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32
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Cardozo TM, Aquino AJA, Barbatti M, Borges I, Lischka H. Absorption and fluorescence spectra of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) oligomers: an ab initio simulation. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:1787-95. [PMID: 25415930 PMCID: PMC4353058 DOI: 10.1021/jp508512s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
absorption and fluorescence spectra of poly(p-phenylenevinylene)
(PPV) oligomers with up to seven repeat units
were theoretically investigated using the algebraic diagrammatic construction
method to second order, ADC(2), combined with the resolution-of-the-identity
(RI) approach. The ground and first excited state geometries of the
oligomers were fully optimized. Vertical excitation energies and oscillator
strengths of the first four transitions were computed. The vibrational
broadening of the absorption and fluorescence spectra was studied
using a semiclassical nuclear ensemble method. After correcting for
basis set and solvent effects, we achieved a balanced description
of the absorption and fluorescence spectra by means of the ADC(2)
approach. This fact is documented by the computed Stokes shift along
the PPV series, which is in good agreement with the experimental values.
The experimentally observed band width of the UV absorption and fluorescence
spectra is well reproduced by the present simulations showing that
the nuclear ensemble generated should be well suitable for consecutive
surface hopping dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M Cardozo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, 21941-909 - Cidade Universitária - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Ma H, Troisi A. Direct optical generation of long-range charge-transfer states in organic photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:6163-6167. [PMID: 25044396 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201402294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Direct optical excitation of long-range charge-transfer (CT) states in organic photovoltaics is shown to be feasible, a fact that is ascribed to the very low but non-vanishing oscillator strength of each individual transition and the much higher density of states (DOS) as compared with their short-range counterparts. This finding provides a new framework to interpret the low-energy absorption spectra of photovoltaic devices and to correlate this property with the optoelectronic conversion process in working devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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Li SB, Duan YA, Geng Y, Li HB, Zhang JZ, Xu HL, Zhang M, Su ZM. A designed bithiopheneimide-based conjugated polymer for organic photovoltaic with ultrafast charge transfer at donor/PC71BM interface: theoretical study and characterization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:25799-808. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Filatov M, Huix-Rotllant M. Assessment of density functional theory based ΔSCF (self-consistent field) and linear response methods for longest wavelength excited states of extended π-conjugated molecular systems. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:024112. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4887087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Filatov
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Miquel Huix-Rotllant
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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36
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Guo Z, Lee D, Schaller RD, Zuo X, Lee B, Luo T, Gao H, Huang L. Relationship between Interchain Interaction, Exciton Delocalization, and Charge Separation in Low-Bandgap Copolymer Blends. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:10024-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503465s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard D. Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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37
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Korona T, Rutkowska-Zbik D. A theoretical study on elementary building blocks for organic solar cells – Influence of a donor molecule on electronic spectrum of PCBM. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Li H, Nieman R, Aquino AJA, Lischka H, Tretiak S. Comparison of LC-TDDFT and ADC(2) Methods in Computations of Bright and Charge Transfer States in Stacked Oligothiophenes. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:3280-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ct500072f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Theoretical Division,
Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Reed Nieman
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Adélia J. A. Aquino
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Hans Lischka
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
- Institute
for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse
17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division,
Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Integrated
Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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39
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Li X, Dai Y, Ma Y, Han S, Huang B. Graphene/g-C3N4 bilayer: considerable band gap opening and effective band structure engineering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:4230-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54592j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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40
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Aquino AAJ, Borges I, Nieman R, Köhn A, Lischka H. Intermolecular interactions and charge transfer transitions in aromatic hydrocarbon–tetracyanoethylene complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:20586-97. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02900c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ADC(2) calculations accurately describe charge transfer transitions in complexes of the tetracyanoethylene electron acceptor and three distinct aromatic donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélia A. J. Aquino
- Dep. of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock, USA
- Institute for Soil Research
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto Militar de Engenharia
- Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Reed Nieman
- Dep. of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock, USA
| | - Andreas Köhn
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Stuttgart University
- 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans Lischka
- Dep. of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock, USA
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
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