1
|
Hagino R, Kuwabara R, Komura N, Imamura A, Ishida H, Ando H, Tanaka HN. Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of ADP-Ribose and Dinucleoside Di-/Triphosphate Derivatives via P(V)-P(V) Coupling Reaction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401302. [PMID: 38763895 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Biomolecules containing adenosine di- or triphosphate (ADP or ATP) are crucial for diverse biological processes. Synthesis of these biomolecules and development of their chemical probes are important to elucidate their functions. Enabling reproducible and high-yielding access to these ADP- and ATP-containing molecules via conventional P(III)-P(V) and P(V)-P(V) coupling reactions is challenging owing to water content in highly polar phosphate-containing substrates. Herein, we report an efficient and reliable method for protecting-group-free P(V)-P(V) coupling reaction through in situ activation of phosphates using hydrolysis-stable 2-[N-(2-methylimidazoyl)]-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (2-MeImIm-Cl), providing the corresponding electrophilic P(V) intermediates for subsequent nucleophilic attack using their coupling partners. This P(V)-P(V) coupling reaction proceeded even in a wet reaction medium and showed a broad substrate scope, accommodating protecting-group-free synthesis of ADP-ribose and nicotinamide adenine diphosphate analogs, ATP-containing biomolecules, and ADP-ribosyl peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hagino
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ryo Kuwabara
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hide-Nori Tanaka
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van Dülmen M, Muthmann N, Rentmeister A. Chemo-Enzymatic Modification of the 5' Cap Maintains Translation and Increases Immunogenic Properties of mRNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13280-13286. [PMID: 33751748 PMCID: PMC8250829 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic mRNAs are emerging modalities for protein replacement therapy and vaccination. Their 5' cap is important for mRNA translation and immune response and can be naturally methylated at different positions by S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet)-dependent methyltransferases (MTases). We report on the cosubstrate scope of the MTase CAPAM responsible for methylation at the N6 -position of adenosine start nucleotides using synthetic AdoMet analogs. The chemo-enzymatic propargylation enabled production of site-specifically modified reporter-mRNAs. These cap-propargylated mRNAs were efficiently translated and showed ≈3-fold increased immune response in human cells. The same effects were observed when the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2-a currently tested epitope for mRNA vaccination-was used. Site-specific chemo-enzymatic modification of eukaryotic mRNA may thus be a suitable strategy to modulate translation and immune response of mRNAs for future therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa van Dülmen
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of BiochemistryCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Nils Muthmann
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of BiochemistryCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of BiochemistryCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty CenterUniversity of MünsterGermany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dülmen M, Muthmann N, Rentmeister A. Eine chemo‐enzymatische Modifizierung der 5′‐Kappe erhält die Translation und erhöht die Immunogenität der mRNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Dülmen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie Institut für Biochemie Corrensstrasse 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Nils Muthmann
- Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie Institut für Biochemie Corrensstrasse 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie Institut für Biochemie Corrensstrasse 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kasprzyk R, Fido M, Mamot A, Wanat P, Smietanski M, Kopcial M, Cowling VH, Kowalska J, Jemielity J. Direct High-Throughput Screening Assay for mRNA Cap Guanine-N7 Methyltransferase Activity. Chemistry 2020; 26:11266-11275. [PMID: 32259329 PMCID: PMC7262028 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, mature mRNA is formed through modifications of precursor mRNA, one of which is 5' cap biosynthesis, involving RNA cap guanine-N7 methyltransferase (N7-MTase). N7-MTases are also encoded by some eukaryotic viruses and facilitate their replication. N7-MTase inhibitors have therapeutic potential, but their discovery is difficult because long RNA substrates are usually required for activity. Herein, we report a universal N7-MTase activity assay based on small-molecule fluorescent probes. We synthesized 12 fluorescent substrate analogues (GpppA and GpppG derivatives) varying in the dye type, dye attachment site, and linker length. GpppA labeled with pyrene at the 3'-O position of adenosine acted as an artificial substrate with the properties of a turn-off probe for all three tested N7-MTases (human, parasite, and viral). Using this compound, a N7-MTase inhibitor assay adaptable to high-throughput screening was developed and used to screen synthetic substrate analogues and a commercial library. Several inhibitors with nanomolar activities were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kasprzyk
- Centre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawBanacha 2c02097WarsawPoland
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of WarsawBanacha 2c02097WarsawPoland
| | - Mateusz Fido
- Division of BiophysicsInstitute of Experimental PhysicsFaculty of PhysicsUniversity of WarsawPasteura 502093WarsawPoland
| | - Adam Mamot
- Division of BiophysicsInstitute of Experimental PhysicsFaculty of PhysicsUniversity of WarsawPasteura 502093WarsawPoland
| | - Przemyslaw Wanat
- Division of BiophysicsInstitute of Experimental PhysicsFaculty of PhysicsUniversity of WarsawPasteura 502093WarsawPoland
| | | | - Michal Kopcial
- Centre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawBanacha 2c02097WarsawPoland
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of WarsawBanacha 2c02097WarsawPoland
| | - Victoria H. Cowling
- Centre of Gene Regulation and ExpressionSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDD1 5EHDundeeUK
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Division of BiophysicsInstitute of Experimental PhysicsFaculty of PhysicsUniversity of WarsawPasteura 502093WarsawPoland
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Centre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawBanacha 2c02097WarsawPoland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dai Z, Zhang XN, Nasertorabi F, Cheng Q, Li J, Katz BB, Smbatyan G, Pei H, Louie SG, Lenz HJ, Stevens RC, Zhang Y. Synthesis of site-specific antibody-drug conjugates by ADP-ribosyl cyclases. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba6752. [PMID: 32537509 PMCID: PMC7269645 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba6752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Most of the current antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in clinic are heterogeneous mixtures. To produce homogeneous ADCs, established procedures often require multiple steps or long reaction times. The introduced mutations or foreign sequences may cause high immunogenicity. Here, we explore a new concept of transforming CD38 enzymatic activity into a facile approach for generating site-specific ADCs. This was achieved through coupling bifunctional antibody-CD38 fusion proteins with designer dinucleotide-based covalent inhibitors with stably attached payloads. The resulting adenosine diphosphate-ribosyl cyclase-enabled ADC (ARC-ADC) with a drug-to-antibody ratio of 2 could be rapidly generated through single-step conjugation. The generated ARC-ADC targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) displays excellent stability and potency against HER2-positive breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates a new strategy for production of site-specific ADCs. It may provide a general approach for the development of a novel class of ADCs with potentially enhanced properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhefu Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Fariborz Nasertorabi
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Qinqin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Benjamin B. Katz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Goar Smbatyan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hua Pei
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Stan G. Louie
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Raymond C. Stevens
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
FICD activity and AMPylation remodelling modulate human neurogenesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:517. [PMID: 31980631 PMCID: PMC6981130 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modification (PTM) of proteins represents an important cellular mechanism for controlling diverse functions such as signalling, localisation or protein–protein interactions. AMPylation (also termed adenylylation) has recently been discovered as a prevalent PTM for regulating protein activity. In human cells AMPylation has been exclusively studied with the FICD protein. Here we investigate the role of AMPylation in human neurogenesis by introducing a cell-permeable propargyl adenosine pronucleotide probe to infiltrate cellular AMPylation pathways and report distinct modifications in intact cancer cell lines, human-derived stem cells, neural progenitor cells (NPCs), neurons and cerebral organoids (COs) via LC–MS/MS as well as imaging methods. A total of 162 AMP modified proteins were identified. FICD-dependent AMPylation remodelling accelerates differentiation of neural progenitor cells into mature neurons in COs, demonstrating a so far unknown trigger of human neurogenesis. Protein AMPylation is a post-translational modification whose implications in cellular physiology are not fully understood. Here the authors develop a cell-permeable AMPylation probe and use it to identify new AMP modified proteins and investigate the role of FICD in neuronal differentiation using cerebral organoids.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang XN, Dai Z, Cheng Q, Zhang Y. Chemoenzymatic Preparation of 4'-Thioribose NAD .. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 77:e83. [PMID: 30951610 DOI: 10.1002/cpnc.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This chemoenzymatic procedure describes a strategy for the preparation of 4'-thioribose nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (S-NAD+ ), including chemical synthesis of nicotinamide 4'-riboside (S-NR), recombinant expression and purification of two NAD+ biosynthesis enzymes nicotinamide riboside kinase (NRK) and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT), and enzymatic synthesis of S-NAD+ . The first basic protocol describes the procedures for introduction of nicotinamide onto 4'-thioribose and subsequent deprotection to generate S-NR as the key intermediate for enzymatically synthesizing S-NAD+ . In the second basic protocol, experimental methods are detailed for the production of recombinant human NRK1 and NMNAT1 to catalyze conversion of S-NR to S-NAD+ . The third basic protocol presents the enzymatic approach for the generation of S-NAD+ from S-NR precursor. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhefu Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Qinqin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Research Center for Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Venkatesham A, Pillalamarri SR, De Wit F, Lescrinier E, Debyser Z, Van Aerschot A. Propargylated Purine Deoxynucleosides: New Tools for Fluorescence Imaging Strategies. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030468. [PMID: 30696094 PMCID: PMC6384747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging of biological processes is an important asset of modern cell biology. Selectively reacting fluorophores herein are an important tool and click chemistry reactions take a large share in these events. 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) is well known for visualizing DNA replication, but does not show any selectivity for incorporation into DNA. Striving for specific visualization of virus replication, in particular HIV replication, a series of propargylated purine deoxynucleosides were prepared aiming for selective incorporation by HIV reverse transcriptase (RT). We here report on the synthesis and preliminary biological effects (cellular toxicity, HIV inhibitory effects, and feasibility of the click reaction) of these nucleoside analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akkaladevi Venkatesham
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Dept. of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sambasiva Rao Pillalamarri
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Dept. of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Flore De Wit
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Dept. of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Eveline Lescrinier
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Dept. of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Dept. of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Arthur Van Aerschot
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Dept. of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dai Z, Zhang XN, Nasertorabi F, Cheng Q, Pei H, Louie SG, Stevens RC, Zhang Y. Facile chemoenzymatic synthesis of a novel stable mimic of NAD . Chem Sci 2018; 9:8337-8342. [PMID: 30568770 PMCID: PMC6256357 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03899f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential cofactor participating in a variety of important enzyme-catalyzed physiological and pathophysiological processes. Analogues of NAD+ provide key and valuable agents for investigating NAD+-dependent enzymes. In this study, we report the preparation of a novel stable NAD+ mimic, 4'-thioribose NAD+ (S-NAD+), using a facile and efficient chemoenzymatic approach. Substrate activity assays indicated the resulting S-NAD+ is chemically inert to human CD38 and sirtuin 2 enzymes, but capable of participating in redox reactions in a manner similar to NAD+. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed binding of S-NAD+ to the active site of human CD38 and critical residues involved in leaving group activation and catalysis. By more closely mimicking NAD+ in geometry and electrostatics, the generated S-NAD+ offers a unique and important tool that can be extended to study enzymes utilizing NAD+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhefu Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , 1985 Zonal Ave , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA .
| | - Xiao-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , 1985 Zonal Ave , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA .
| | - Fariborz Nasertorabi
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry , Bridge Institute , Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA .
| | - Qinqin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , 1985 Zonal Ave , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA .
| | - Hua Pei
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy , School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , 1985 Zonal Ave , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA
| | - Stan G Louie
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy , School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , 1985 Zonal Ave , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry , Bridge Institute , Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA .
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , 1985 Zonal Ave , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA .
- Department of Chemistry , Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA
- Research Center for Liver Diseases , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qian RC, Zhao LJ, Lv J, Hua X, Long YT. Reversible redox inter-conversion of biologically active NAD+/NADH derivatives bound to a gold electrode: ToF-SIMS evidence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13945-13948. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08341j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical reversible redox of NAD+/NADH is realized, which is confirmed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Can Qian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
MacDonald RJ, Shrimp JH, Jiang H, Zhang L, Lin H, Yen A. Probing the requirement for CD38 in retinoic acid-induced HL-60 cell differentiation with a small molecule dimerizer and genetic knockout. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17406. [PMID: 29234114 PMCID: PMC5727258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 is an ectoenzyme and receptor with key physiological roles. It metabolizes NAD+ to adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) and cyclic ADPR, regulating several processes including calcium signalling. CD38 is both a positive and negative prognostic indicator in leukaemia. In all-trans retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukaemia and HL-60 cells, CD38 is one of the earliest and most prominently upregulated proteins known. CD38 overexpression enhances differentiation, while morpholino- and siRNA-induced knockdown diminishes it. CD38, via Src family kinases and adapters, interacts with a MAPK signalling axis that propels differentiation. Motivated by evidence suggesting the importance of CD38, we sought to determine whether it functions via dimerization. We created a linker based on the suicide substrate arabinosyl-2′-fluoro-2′-deoxy NAD+ (F-araNAD+), dimeric F-araNAD+, to induce homodimerization. CD38 homodimerization did not affect RA-induced differentiation. Probing the importance of CD38 further, we created HL-60 cell lines with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated CD38 truncations. Deletion of its enzymatic domain did not affect differentiation. Apart from increased RA-induced CD11b expression, ablation of all but the first six amino acids of CD38 affected neither RA-induced differentiation nor associated signalling. Although we cannot discount the importance of this peptide, our study indicates that CD38 is not necessary for RA-induced differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J MacDonald
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jonathan H Shrimp
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Hening Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Scully SS, Minden ZJ, Mukerji R, Andrianova E, Kaberna J, Lentini S, Tassa C, Wang Z, Low S, McDonnell KA. Synthesis and Evaluation of Thiazoloquinolinones with Linkers To Enable Targeting of CD38. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:196-200. [PMID: 28197311 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several monoclonal antibodies and inhibitors targeting CD38, an ectoenzyme overexpressed on malignant plasma cells, have previously been discovered. Herein, we expand structure-activity relationships of reported small-molecule thiazoloquinolinones and show that several 4-cyclohexylamino analogues have potent binding affinity for CD38 using surface plasmon resonance. Moreover, active amine analogues could be acylated and functionalized with alkyne and fluorescein groups. Fluorescein analogue 21 bound selectively to CD38 overexpressing cells, demonstrating the potential utility of thiazoloquinolinones as small-molecule conjugates for the delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S. Scully
- BIND Therapeutics, 325 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zachary J. Minden
- BIND Therapeutics, 325 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ratul Mukerji
- BIND Therapeutics, 325 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elizaveta Andrianova
- BIND Therapeutics, 325 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James Kaberna
- BIND Therapeutics, 325 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Scott Lentini
- BIND Therapeutics, 325 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Carlos Tassa
- BIND Therapeutics, 325 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhaolin Wang
- BIND Therapeutics, 325 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Susan Low
- BIND Therapeutics, 325 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kevin A. McDonnell
- BIND Therapeutics, 325 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deshpande DA, Guedes AGP, Lund FE, Subramanian S, Walseth TF, Kannan MS. CD38 in the pathogenesis of allergic airway disease: Potential therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 172:116-126. [PMID: 27939939 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD38 is an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β-NAD) to cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPR) and adenosine diphosphoribose (ADPR) and NADP to nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) and adenosine diphosphoribose-2'-phosphate (ADPR-P). The metabolites of NAD and NADP have roles in calcium signaling in different cell types including airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. In ASM cells, inflammatory cytokines augment CD38 expression and to a greater magnitude in cells from asthmatics, indicating a greater capacity for the generation of cADPR and ADPR in ASM from asthmatics. CD38 deficient mice develop attenuated airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine following allergen sensitization and challenge compared to wild-type mice indicating its potential role in asthma. Regulation of CD38 expression in ASM cells is achieved by mitogen activated protein kinases, specific isoforms of PI3 kinases, the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1, and post-transcriptionally by microRNAs. This review will focus on the role of CD38 in intracellular calcium regulation in ASM, contribution to airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in mouse models of allergic airway inflammation, the transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms of regulation of expression, and outline approaches to inhibit its expression and activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alonso G P Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, USA
| | - Frances E Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | | | - Timothy F Walseth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, USA
| | - Mathur S Kannan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shrimp JH, Hu J, Dong M, Wang BS, MacDonald R, Jiang H, Hao Q, Yen A, Lin H. Revealing CD38 cellular localization using a cell permeable, mechanism-based fluorescent small-molecule probe. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5656-63. [PMID: 24660829 PMCID: PMC4004212 DOI: 10.1021/ja411046j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
(NAD) is increasingly recognized
as an important signaling molecule that affects numerous biological
pathways. Thus, enzymes that metabolize NAD can have important biological
functions. One NAD-metabolizing enzyme in mammals is CD38, a type
II transmembrane protein that converts NAD primarily to adenosine
diphosphate ribose (ADPR) and a small amount of cyclic adenosine diphosphate
ribose (cADPR). Localization of CD38 was originally thought to be
only on the plasma membrane, but later reports showed either significant
or solely, intracellular CD38. With the efficient NAD-hydrolysis activity,
the intracellular CD38 may lead to depletion of cellular NAD, thus
producing harmful effects. Therefore, the intracellular localization
of CD38 needs to be carefully validated. Here, we report the synthesis
and application of a cell permeable, fluorescent small molecule (SR101–F-araNMN)
that can covalently label enzymatically active CD38 with minimal perturbation
of live cells. Using this fluorescent probe, we revealed that CD38
is predominately on the plasma membrane of Raji and retinoic acid
(RA)-treated HL-60 cells. Additionally, the probe revealed no CD38
expression in K562 cells, which was previously reported to have solely
intracellular CD38. The finding that very little intracellular CD38
exists in these cell lines suggests that the major enzymatic function
of CD38 is to hydrolyze extracellular rather than intracellular NAD.
The fluorescent activity-based probes that we developed allow the
localization of CD38 in different cells to be determined, thus enabling
a better understanding of the physiological function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Shrimp
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jiang H, Sherwood R, Zhang S, Zhu X, Liu Q, Graeff R, Kriksunov IA, Lee HC, Hao Q, Lin H. Identification of ADP-ribosylation sites of CD38 mutants by precursor ion scanning mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2012; 433:218-26. [PMID: 23123429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein ADP-ribosylation, including mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation, is increasingly recognized to play important roles in various biological pathways. Molecular understanding of the functions of ADP-ribosylation requires the identification of the sites of modification. Although tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is widely recognized as an effective means for determining protein modifications, identification of ADP-ribosylation sites has been challenging due to the labile and hydrophilic nature of the modification. Here we applied precursor ion scanning-triggered MS/MS analysis on a hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer for selectively detecting ADP-ribosylated peptides and determining the auto-ADP-ribosylation sites of CD38 (cluster of differentiation 38) E226D and E226Q mutants. CD38 is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to ADP-ribose. Here we show that NAD can covalently label CD38 E226D and E226Q mutants but not wild-type CD38. In this study, we have successfully identified the D226/Q226 and K129 residues of the two CD38 mutants being the ADP-ribosylation sites using precursor ion scanning hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. The results offer insights about the CD38 enzymatic reaction mechanism. The precursor ion scanning method should be useful for identifying the modification sites of other ADP-ribosyltransferases such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Du Y, Hendrick CE, Frye KS, Comstock LR. Fluorescent DNA labeling by N-mustard analogues of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2225-33. [PMID: 22961989 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Azide and alkyne-functionalized N-mustard analogues of S-adenosyl-L-methionine have been synthesized and were demonstrated to undergo efficient methyltransferase-dependent DNA alkylation by M.TaqI and M.HhaI. Subsequent labeling of the DNA with a fluorophore was carried out using copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition chemistry and was visualized by fluorescence scanning. This work demonstrates the utility of functionalized N-mustard analogues as biochemical tools to study biological methylation and offers a facile way to site-selectively label substrates of DNA methyltransferases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Du
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Road, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rosenberg AJ, Zhao J, Clark DA. Synthesis of Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines and Imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazines by Palladium Catalyzed Amidation of 2-Chloro-3-amino-heterocycles. Org Lett 2012; 14:1764-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300359s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Daniel A. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pergolizzi G, Butt JN, Bowater RP, Wagner GK. A novel fluorescent probe for NAD-consuming enzymes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12655-7. [PMID: 22042207 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15499k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel, fluorescent NAD derivative is processed as substrate by three different NAD-consuming enzymes. The new probe has been used to monitor enzymatic activity in a continuous format by changes in fluorescence and, in one case, to directly visualize alternative reaction pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pergolizzi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang L, Ka Yee Kwong A, Yang Z, Chen Z, Cheung Lee H, Zhang L. Studies on the Synthesis of Nicotinamide Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogues and Their Inhibitions towards CD38 NADase. HETEROCYCLES 2011. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Congleton J, Jiang H, Malavasi F, Lin H, Yen A. ATRA-induced HL-60 myeloid leukemia cell differentiation depends on the CD38 cytosolic tail needed for membrane localization, but CD38 enzymatic activity is unnecessary. Exp Cell Res 2010; 317:910-9. [PMID: 21156171 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte antigen CD38 expression is an early marker of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) stimulated differentiation in the leukemic cell line HL-60. It promotes induced myeloid maturation when overexpressed, whereas knocking it down is inhibitory. It is a type II membrane protein with an extracellular C-terminal enzymatic domain with NADase/NADPase and ADPR cyclase activity and a short cytoplasmic N-terminal tail. Here we determined whether CD38 enzymatic activity or the cytoplasmic tail is required for ATRA-induced differentiation. Neither a specific CD38 ectoenzyme inhibitor nor a point mutation that cripples enzymatic activity (CD38 E226Q) diminishes ATRA-induced differentiation or G1/0 arrest. In contrast a cytosolic deletion mutation (CD38 Δ11-20) prevents membrane expression and inhibits differentiation and G1/0 arrest. These results may be consistent with disrupting the function of critical molecules necessary for membrane-expressed CD38 signal transduction. One candidate molecule is the Src family kinase Fgr, which failed to undergo ATRA-induced upregulation in CD38 Δ11-20 expressing cells. Another is Vav1, which also showed only basal expression after ATRA treatment in CD38 Δ11-20 expressing cells. Therefore, the ability of CD38 to propel ATRA-induced myeloid differentiation and G1/0 arrest is unimpaired by loss of its ectoenzyme activity. However a cytosolic tail deletion mutation disrupted membrane localization and inhibited differentiation. ATRA-induced differentiation thus does not require the CD38 ectoenzyme function, but is dependent on a membrane receptor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Congleton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Research Tower, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Heal WP, Dang THT, Tate EW. Activity-based probes: discovering new biology and new drug targets. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 40:246-57. [PMID: 20886146 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00004c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development and application of chemical technologies enabling direct analysis of enzyme activity in living systems has undergone explosive growth in recent years. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a key constituent of this broad field, and is among the most powerful and mature chemical proteomic technologies. This tutorial review introduces the essential features of ABPP and the design and application of activity-based probes (ABPs) from drug target elucidation and in vivo visualisation of enzyme activity to comprehensive profiling of the catalytic content of living systems, and the discovery of new biological pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William P Heal
- Department of Chemistry, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jiang H, Kim JH, Frizzell KM, Kraus WL, Lin H. Clickable NAD analogues for labeling substrate proteins of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:9363-72. [PMID: 20560583 DOI: 10.1021/ja101588r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) catalyze the transfer of multiple adenine diphosphate ribose (ADP-ribose) units from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to substrate proteins. There are 17 PARPs in humans. Several PARPs, such as PARP-1 and Tankyrase-1, are known to play important roles in DNA repair, transcription, mitosis, and telomere length maintenance. To better understand the functions of PARPs at a molecular level, it is necessary to know what substrate proteins PARPs modify. Here we report clickable NAD analogues that can be used to label PARP substrate proteins. The clickable NAD analogues have a terminal alkyne group which allows the conjugation of fluorescent or affinity tags to the substrate proteins. Using this method, PARP-1 and tankyrase-1 substrate proteins were labeled by a fluorescent tag and visualized on SDS-PAGE gel. Using a biotin affinity tag, we were able to isolate and identify a total of 79 proteins as potential PARP-1 substrates. These include known PARP-1 substrate proteins, including histones and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins. About 40% of the proteins were also identified in recent proteomic studies as potential PARP-1 substrates. Among the identified potential substrates, we further demonstrated that tubulin and three mitochondrial proteins, TRAP1 (TNF receptor-associated protein 1), citrate synthase, and GDH (glutamate dehydrogenase 1), are substrates of PARP-1 in vitro. These results demonstrate that the clickable NAD analogue is useful for labeling, in-gel detection, isolation, and identification of the substrate proteins of PARPs and will help to understand the biological functions of PARPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Protein arginine deiminase 4: a target for an epigenetic cancer therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 68:709-20. [PMID: 20706768 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The recent approvals of anticancer therapeutic agents targeting the histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases have highlighted the important role that epigenetics plays in human diseases, and suggested that the factors controlling gene expression are novel drug targets. Protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is one such target because its effects on gene expression parallel those observed for the histone deacetylases. We demonstrated that F- and Cl-amidine, two potent PAD4 inhibitors, display micromolar cytotoxic effects towards several cancerous cell lines (HL-60, MCF7 and HT-29); no effect was observed in noncancerous lines (NIH 3T3 and HL-60 granulocytes). These compounds also induced the differentiation of HL-60 and HT29 cells. Finally, these compounds synergistically potentiated the cell killing effects of doxorubicin. Taken together, these findings suggest PAD4 inhibition as a novel epigenetic approach for the treatment of cancer, and suggest that F- and Cl-amidine are candidate therapeutic agents for this disease.
Collapse
|
24
|
Du J, Jiang H, Lin H. Investigating the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of sirtuins with NAD analogues and 32P-NAD. Biochemistry 2009; 48:2878-90. [PMID: 19220062 DOI: 10.1021/bi802093g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein ADP-ribosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADP-ribose) from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) onto specific target proteins. Sirtuins, a class of enzymes with NAD-dependent deacetylase activity, have been reported to possess ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, too. Here we used NAD analogues and 32P-NAD to study the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of several different sirtuins, including yeast Sir2, human SirT1, mouse SirT4, and mouse SirT6. The results showed that an alkyne-tagged NAD is the substrate for deacetylation reactions but cannot detect the ADP-ribosylation activity. Furthermore, comparing with a bacterial ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin, the observed rate constant of sirtuin-dependent ADP-ribosylation is >5000-fold lower. Compared with the kcat/Km values of the deacetylation activity of sirtuins, the observed rate constant of sirtuin-dependent ADP-ribosyltion is 500 times weaker. The weak ADP-ribosylation events can be explained by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic reaction mechanisms. Combined with recent reports on several other sirtuins, we propose that the reported ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of sirtuins is likely some inefficient side reactions of the deacetylase activity and may not be physiologically relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jintang Du
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|