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Leite JP, Costa-Rodrigues D, Gales L. Inhibitors of Transthyretin Amyloidosis: How to Rank Drug Candidates Using X-ray Crystallography Data. Molecules 2024; 29:895. [PMID: 38398647 PMCID: PMC10893244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a group of protein misfolding diseases, which include spongiform encephalopathies, Alzheimer's disease and transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis; all of them are characterized by extracellular deposits of an insoluble fibrillar protein. TTR amyloidosis is a highly debilitating and life-threatening disease. Patients carry less stable TTR homotetramers that are prone to dissociation into non-native monomers, which in turn rapidly self-assemble into oligomers and, ultimately, amyloid fibrils. Liver transplantation to induce the production of wild-type TTR was the only therapeutic strategy until recently. A promising approach to ameliorate transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis is based on the so-called TTR kinetic stabilizers. More than 1000 TTR stabilizers have already been tested by many research groups, but the diversity of experimental techniques and conditions used hampers an objective prioritization of the compounds. One of the most reliable and unambiguous techniques applied to determine the structures of the TTR/drug complexes is X-ray diffraction. Most of the potential inhibitors bind in the TTR channel and the crystal structures reveal the atomic details of the interaction between the protein and the compound. Here we suggest that the stabilization effect is associated with a compaction of the quaternary structure of the protein and propose a scoring function to rank drugs based on X-ray crystallography data.
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Affiliation(s)
- José P. Leite
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Costa-Rodrigues
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Gales
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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2
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Yan NL, Morgan GJ, Petrassi HM, Wilson IA, Kelly JW. Pharmacological stabilization of the native state of full-length immunoglobulin light chains to treat light chain amyloidosis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102319. [PMID: 37279624 PMCID: PMC10523890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a cancer of plasma cells that secrete unstable full-length immunoglobulin light chains. These light chains misfold and aggregate, often with aberrant endoproteolysis, leading to organ toxicity. AL is currently treated by pharmacological elimination of the clonal plasma cells. Since it remains difficult to completely kill these cells in the majority of patients, we seek a complementary drug that inhibits light chain aggregation, which should diminish organ toxicity. We discovered a small-molecule binding site on full-length immunoglobulin light chains by structurally characterizing hit stabilizers emerging from a high-throughput screen seeking small molecules that protect full-length light chains from conformational excursion-linked endoproteolysis. The x-ray crystallographic characterization of 7 structurally distinct hit native-state stabilizers provided a structure-based blueprint, reviewed herein, to design more potent stabilizers. This approach enabled us to transform hits with micromolar affinity into stabilizers with nanomolar dissociation constants that potently prevent light chain aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gareth J Morgan
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - H Michael Petrassi
- Protego Biopharma, 10945 Vista Sorrento Parkway, San Diego, CA 92130, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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3
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Ma Z, Han X, Yang Y, Fu A, Li G. Design and synthesis of 2,6-dihalogenated stilbene derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory and antitumor agents. Fitoterapia 2023; 167:105493. [PMID: 37023931 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
In present study, three series of 2,6-dihalogenated stilbene derivatives were designed, synthesized, and assayed for anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. All 62 compounds showed potential anti-inflammatory activity in zebrafish model in vivo, and the installation of halogens and pyridines led to significant improved effects. Among them, DHS2u and DHS3u with the substitution of pyridine showed more higher effects than positive drug indomethacin at 20 μM with inhibitory rate of 94.59% and 90.54%, respectively. Besides, DHS3g bearing 2,5-dimethoxy exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against K562 cells with IC50 values 3.12 μM along with a suitable selectivity on normal cell viability. These results showed that 2,6-dihalogenated stilbenes could serve as a bright starting point for the further development as anti-inflammatory and antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongchen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Anran Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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4
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Lee SB, Yu J, Kim H, Kim KW, Jeong JW, Kim YL, Park SJ, Koo TS, Lee C, Hong KB, Choi S. Novel Strategy To Inhibit Transthyretin Amyloidosis via the Synergetic Effect of Chemoselective Acylation and Noncovalent Inhibitor Release. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2893-2903. [PMID: 36749109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for developing targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs), which have the advantages of a prolonged duration of action and selectivity toward a drug target, have attracted great interest in drug discovery. Herein, we report chemoselective covalent inhibitors that specifically target lysine ε-amine groups that conjugate with an endogenous protein to prevent disease-causing protein misfolding and aggregation. These TCIs are unique because the benzoyl group is preferentially conjugated to Lys15 at the top of the T4 binding site within transthyretin (TTR) while simultaneously releasing a potent noncovalent TTR kinetic stabilizer. The potency of these covalent inhibitors is superior to tafamidis, the only FDA-approved drug for the treatment of hereditary TTR amyloidosis. In addition to investigations into the covalent modification of TTR via reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, direct methods are performed to confirm and visualize the presumed covalent interaction via mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Beom Lee
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeni Yu
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Woo Kim
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Jeong
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Lan Kim
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jean Park
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Koo
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwook Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bum Hong
- New Drug Development Center (NDDC), Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Choi
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Republic of Korea
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5
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Reum Han A, Hee Jeon E, Woo Kim K, Ki Lee S, Ohn CY, Jean Park S, Sook Kang N, Koo TS, Bum Hong K, Choi S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of quinolone derivatives as transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors and fluorescence sensors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 53:116550. [PMID: 34890995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Under certain conditions, numerous soluble proteins possess an inherent tendency to convert into insoluble amyloid aggregates, which are associated with several sporadic and genetic human diseases. Transthyretin (TTR) is one of the more than 30 human amyloidogenic proteins involved in conditions such as senile systemic amyloidosis, familial amyloid polyneuropathy, and familial amyloid cardiomyopathy. Considerable effort has been focused on identifying the native tetrameric TTR stabilizers to inhibit rate-limiting tetramer dissociation and, consequently, ameliorate TTR amyloidogenesis. Here, we describe the design and synthesis of quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives that could be structurally complementary to the thyroxine-binding site within tetrameric TTR. Among these quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives, compound 7a allowed 16.7% of V30M-TTR (3.6 μM) fibril formation at the same concentration and 49.6% at a concentration of 1.8 μM. Compound 7a exhibited much greater potency in complex biological samples like human plasma than that observed with tafamidis, the drug approved for the treatment of TTR amyloid cardiomyopathy for wild-type or hereditary TTR-mediated amyloidosis. Furthermore, the unique spectral properties of compound 7a demonstrated its high potential for TTR quantification, imaging sensors, and fluorescent tools to study the mechanism of TTR amyloidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Reum Han
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Jeon
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Woo Kim
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ki Lee
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Yeong Ohn
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jean Park
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, 534-2 Yeonsu 3-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Sook Kang
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Koo
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bum Hong
- New Drug Development Center (NDDC), Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungwook Choi
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
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6
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The discovery and development of transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors: what are the lessons? Future Med Chem 2021; 13:2083-2105. [PMID: 34633220 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is associated with several human amyloid diseases. Various kinetic stabilizers have been developed to inhibit the dissociation of TTR tetramer and the formation of amyloid fibrils. Most of them are bisaryl derivatives, natural flavonoids, crown ethers and carborans. In this review article, we focus on TTR tetramer stabilizers, genetic therapeutic approaches and fibril remodelers. The binding modes of typical bisaryl derivatives, natural flavonoids, crown ethers and carborans are discussed. Based on knowledge of the binding of thyroxine to TTR tetramer, many stabilizers have been screened to dock into the thyroxine binding sites, leading to TTR tetramer stabilization. Particularly, those stabilizers with unique binding profiles have shown great potential in developing the therapeutic management of TTR amyloidogenesis.
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7
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Chen M, Geng CW, Han L, Liu Y, Yu YK, Lu AM, Yang CL, Li GH. Design, synthesis, crystal structure, and herbicidal activity of novel pyrrolidine-2,4-dione derivatives incorporating an alkyl ether pharmacophore with natural tetramic acids as lead compounds. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00119a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrrolidine-2,4-dione derivatives incorporating a chainlike alkoxyalkyl moiety or substituted phenoxyethyl moiety were designed and synthesized based on natural tetramic acids. Some target compounds showed obvious herbicidal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Chun-Wen Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Ling Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Kai Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Ai-Min Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Chun-Long Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Guo-Hua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
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8
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Rational Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Iodinated 4,4'-Bipyridines as New Transthyretin Fibrillogenesis Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092213. [PMID: 32397334 PMCID: PMC7248964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-2-iodo-4,4'-bipyridine structure is proposed as a novel chemical scaffold for the design of new transthyretin (TTR) fibrillogenesis inhibitors. In the frame of a proof-of-principle exploration, four chiral 3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-2-iodo-2'-substituted-4,4'- bipyridines were rationally designed and prepared from a simple trihalopyridine in three steps, including a Cu-catalysed Finkelstein reaction to introduce iodine atoms on the heteroaromatic scaffold, and a Pd-catalysed coupling reaction to install the 2'-substituent. The corresponding racemates, along with other five chiral 4,4'-bipyridines containing halogens as substituents, were enantioseparated by high-performance liquid chromatography in order to obtain pure enantiomer pairs. All stereoisomers were tested against the amyloid fibril formation (FF) of wild type (WT)-TTR and two mutant variants, V30M and Y78F, in acid mediated aggregation experiments. Among the 4,4'-bipyridine derivatives, interesting inhibition activity was obtained for both enantiomers of the 3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-2'-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-iodo-4,4'-bipyridine. In silico docking studies were carried out in order to explore possible binding modes of the 4,4'-bipyridine derivatives into the TTR. The gained results point out the importance of the right combination of H-bond sites and the presence of iodine as halogen-bond donor. Both experimental and theoretical evidences pave the way for the utilization of the iodinated 4,4'-bipyridine core as template to design new promising inhibitors of TTR amyloidogenesis.
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9
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Kelly JW. Pharmacologic Approaches for Adapting Proteostasis in the Secretory Pathway to Ameliorate Protein Conformational Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:a034108. [PMID: 31088828 PMCID: PMC7197434 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of the proteome, ensuring the proper locations, proper conformations, appropriate concentrations, etc., is essential to preserve the health of an organism in the face of environmental insults, infectious diseases, and the challenges associated with aging. Maintaining the proteome is even more difficult in the background of inherited mutations that render a given protein and others handled by the same proteostasis machinery misfolding prone and/or aggregation prone. Maintenance of the proteome or maintaining proteostasis requires the orchestration of protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation by way of highly conserved, interacting, and competitive proteostasis pathways. Each subcellular compartment has a unique proteostasis network compromising common and specialized proteostasis maintenance pathways. Stress-responsive signaling pathways detect the misfolding and/or aggregation of proteins in specific subcellular compartments using stress sensors and respond by generating an active transcription factor. Subsequent transcriptional programs up-regulate proteostasis network capacity (i.e., ability to fold and degrade proteins in that compartment). Stress-responsive signaling pathways can also be linked by way of signaling cascades to nontranscriptional means to reestablish proteostasis (e.g., by translational attenuation). Proteostasis is also strongly influenced by the inherent kinetics and thermodynamics of the folding, misfolding, and aggregation of individual proteins, and these sequence-based attributes in combination with proteostasis network capacity together influence proteostasis. In this review, we will focus on the growing body of evidence that proteostasis deficits leading to human pathology can be reversed by pharmacologic adaptation of proteostasis network capacity through stress-responsive signaling pathway activation. The power of this approach will be exemplified by focusing on the ATF6 arm of the unfolded protein response stress responsive-signaling pathway that regulates proteostasis network capacity of the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery W Kelly
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Medicine; and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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10
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Guo X, Liu Z, Zheng Y, Li Y, Li L, Liu H, Chen Z, Wu L. Review on the Structures and Activities of Transthyretin Amyloidogenesis Inhibitors. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1057-1081. [PMID: 32210536 PMCID: PMC7071892 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s237252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric protein, and its dissociation, aggregation, deposition, and misfolding are linked to several human amyloid diseases. As the main transporter for thyroxine (T4) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, TTR contains two T4-binding sites, which are docked with T4 and subsequently maintain the structural stability of TTR homotetramer. Affected by genetic disorders and detrimental environmental factors, TTR degrades to monomer and/or form amyloid fibrils. Reasonably, stabilization of TTR might be an efficient strategy for the treatment of TTR-related amyloidosis. However, only 10-25% of T4 in the plasma is bound to TTR under physiological conditions. Expectedly, T4 analogs with different structures aiming to bind to T4 pockets may displace the functions of T4. So far, a number of compounds including both natural and synthetic origin have been reported. In this paper, we summarized the potent inhibitors, including bisaryl structure-based compounds, flavonoids, crown ethers, and carboranes, for treating TTR-related amyloid diseases and the combination modes of some compounds binding to TTR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowen Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhou Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
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11
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Saldaño TE, Zanotti G, Parisi G, Fernandez-Alberti S. Evaluating the effect of mutations and ligand binding on transthyretin homotetramer dynamics. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181019. [PMID: 28704493 PMCID: PMC5509292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Native transthyretin (TTR) homotetramer dissociation is the first step of the fibrils formation process in amyloid disease. A large number of specific point mutations that destabilize TTR quaternary structure have shown pro-amyloidogenic effects. Besides, several compounds have been proposed as drugs in the therapy of TTR amyloidosis due to their TTR tetramer binding affinities, and therefore, contribution to its integrity. In the present paper we have explored key positions sustaining TTR tetramer dynamical stability. We have identified positions whose mutations alter the most the TTR tetramer equilibrium dynamics based on normal mode analysis and their response to local perturbations. We have found that these positions are mostly localized at β-strands E and F and EF-loop. The monomer-monomer interface is pointed out as one of the most vulnerable regions to mutations that lead to significant changes in the TTR-tetramer equilibrium dynamics and, therefore, induces TTR amyloidosis. Besides, we have found that mutations on residues localized at the dimer-dimer interface and/or at the T4 hormone binding site destabilize the tetramer more than the average. Finally, we were able to compare several compounds according to their effect on vibrations associated to the ligand binding. Our ligand comparison is discussed and analyzed in terms of parameters and measurements associated to TTR-ligand binding affinities and the stabilization of its native state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Gustavo Parisi
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Bernal, Argentina
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12
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Andrei SA, Sijbesma E, Hann M, Davis J, O’Mahony G, Perry MWD, Karawajczyk A, Eickhoff J, Brunsveld L, Doveston RG, Milroy LG, Ottmann C. Stabilization of protein-protein interactions in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:925-940. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1346608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A. Andrei
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Sijbesma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Hann
- Platform Technology and Science, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Jeremy Davis
- Department of Chemistry, UCB Celltech, Slough, UK
| | - Gavin O’Mahony
- CVMD Medicinal Chemistry, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Matthew W. D. Perry
- RIA Medicinal Chemistry, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna Karawajczyk
- Medicinal Chemistry, Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan Eickhoff
- Assay development & screening, Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G. Doveston
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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13
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Concha C, Quintana C, Klahn AH, Artigas V, Fuentealba M, Biot C, Halloum I, Kremer L, López R, Romanos J, Huentupil Y, Arancibia R. Organometallic tosyl hydrazones: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structures and in vitro evaluation for anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis and antiproliferative activities. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Semi-quantitative models for identifying potent and selective transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017. [PMID: 28625364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rate-limiting dissociation of the tetrameric protein transthyretin (TTR), followed by monomer misfolding and misassembly, appears to cause degenerative diseases in humans known as the transthyretin amyloidoses, based on human genetic, biochemical and pharmacologic evidence. Small molecules that bind to the generally unoccupied thyroxine binding pockets in the native TTR tetramer kinetically stabilize the tetramer, slowing subunit dissociation proportional to the extent that the molecules stabilize the native state over the dissociative transition state-thereby inhibiting amyloidogenesis. Herein, we use previously reported structure-activity relationship data to develop two semi-quantitative algorithms for identifying the structures of potent and selective transthyretin kinetic stabilizers/amyloidogenesis inhibitors. The viability of these prediction algorithms, in particular the more robust in silico docking model, is perhaps best validated by the clinical success of tafamidis, the first-in-class drug approved in Europe, Japan, South America, and elsewhere for treating transthyretin aggregation-associated familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Tafamidis is also being evaluated in a fully-enrolled placebo-controlled clinical trial for its efficacy against TTR cardiomyopathy. These prediction algorithms will be useful for identifying second generation TTR kinetic stabilizers, should these be needed to ameliorate the central nervous system or ophthalmologic pathology caused by TTR aggregation in organs not accessed by oral tafamidis administration.
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15
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Ortore G, Martinelli A. Identification of Transthyretin Fibril Formation Inhibitors Using Structure-Based Virtual Screening. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1327-1334. [PMID: 28422428 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is the primary carrier for thyroxine (T4 ) in cerebrospinal fluid and a secondary carrier in blood. TTR is a stable homotetramer, but certain factors, genetic or environmental, could promote its degradation to form amyloid fibrils. A docking study using crystal structures of wild-type TTR was planned; our aim was to design new ligands that are able to inhibit TTR fibril formation. The computational protocol was thought to overcome the multiple binding modes of the ligands induced by the peculiarity of the TTR binding site and by the pseudosymmetry of the site pockets, which generally weaken such structure-based studies. Two docking steps, one that is very fast and a subsequent step that is more accurate, were used to screen the Aldrich Market Select database. Five compounds were selected, and their activity toward inhibiting TTR fibril formation was assessed. Three compounds were observed to be actives, two of which have the same potency as the positive control, and the other was found to be a promising lead compound. These results validate a computational protocol that is able to archive information on the key interactions between database compounds and TTR, which is valuable for supporting further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Ortore
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, V. Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriano Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, V. Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Jana P, Samanta K, Bäcker S, Zellermann E, Knauer S, Schmuck C. Efficient Gene Transfection through Inhibition of β-Sheet (Amyloid Fiber) Formation of a Short Amphiphilic Peptide by Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Jana
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Krishnananda Samanta
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Sandra Bäcker
- Institute for Biology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Elio Zellermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Shirley Knauer
- Institute for Biology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Carsten Schmuck
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
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17
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Jana P, Samanta K, Bäcker S, Zellermann E, Knauer S, Schmuck C. Efficient Gene Transfection through Inhibition of β-Sheet (Amyloid Fiber) Formation of a Short Amphiphilic Peptide by Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8083-8088. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Jana
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Krishnananda Samanta
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Sandra Bäcker
- Institute for Biology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Elio Zellermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Shirley Knauer
- Institute for Biology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Carsten Schmuck
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
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18
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Lea WA, O'Neil PT, Machen AJ, Naik S, Chaudhri T, McGinn-Straub W, Tischer A, Auton MT, Burns JR, Baldwin MR, Khar KR, Karanicolas J, Fisher MT. Chaperonin-Based Biolayer Interferometry To Assess the Kinetic Stability of Metastable, Aggregation-Prone Proteins. Biochemistry 2016; 55:4885-908. [PMID: 27505032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Stabilizing the folded state of metastable and/or aggregation-prone proteins through exogenous ligand binding is an appealing strategy for decreasing disease pathologies caused by protein folding defects or deleterious kinetic transitions. Current methods of examining binding of a ligand to these marginally stable native states are limited because protein aggregation typically interferes with analysis. Here, we describe a rapid method for assessing the kinetic stability of folded proteins and monitoring the effects of ligand stabilization for both intrinsically stable proteins (monomers, oligomers, and multidomain proteins) and metastable proteins (e.g., low Tm) that uses a new GroEL chaperonin-based biolayer interferometry (BLI) denaturant pulse platform. A kinetically controlled denaturation isotherm is generated by exposing a target protein, immobilized on a BLI biosensor, to increasing denaturant concentrations (urea or GuHCl) in a pulsatile manner to induce partial or complete unfolding of the attached protein population. Following the rapid removal of the denaturant, the extent of hydrophobic unfolded/partially folded species that remains is detected by an increased level of GroEL binding. Because this kinetic denaturant pulse is brief, the amplitude of binding of GroEL to the immobilized protein depends on the duration of the exposure to the denaturant, the concentration of the denaturant, wash times, and the underlying protein unfolding-refolding kinetics; fixing all other parameters and plotting the GroEL binding amplitude versus denaturant pulse concentration result in a kinetically controlled denaturation isotherm. When folding osmolytes or stabilizing ligands are added to the immobilized target proteins before and during the denaturant pulse, the diminished population of unfolded/partially folded protein manifests as a decreased level of GroEL binding and/or a marked shift in these kinetically controlled denaturation profiles to higher denaturant concentrations. This particular platform approach can be used to identify small molecules and/or solution conditions that can stabilize or destabilize thermally stable proteins, multidomain proteins, oligomeric proteins, and, most importantly, aggregation-prone metastable proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Lea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Pierce T O'Neil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Alexandra J Machen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Subhashchandra Naik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | | | - Wesley McGinn-Straub
- fortéBIO (a division of Pall Life Sciences) , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Alexander Tischer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Matthew T Auton
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Joshua R Burns
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Michael R Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Karen R Khar
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - John Karanicolas
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Mark T Fisher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
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19
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Systemic optimization and structural evaluation of quinoline derivatives as transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:777-787. [PMID: 27541261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wild type transthyretin (TTR) and mutant TTR misfold and misassemble into a variety of extracellular insoluble amyloid fibril and/or amorphous aggregate, which are associated with a variety of human amyloid diseases. To develop potent TTR amyloidogenesis inhibitors, we have designed and synthesized a focused library of quinoline derivatives by Pd-catalyzed coupling reaction and by the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction. The resulting 2-alkynylquinoline derivatives, (E)-2-alkenylquinoline derivatives, and (E)-3-alkenylquinoline derivatives were evaluated to inhibit TTR amyloidogenesis by utilizing the acid-mediated TTR fibril formation. Among these quinoline derivatives, compound 14c exhibited the most potent anti-TTR fibril formation activity in the screening studies, with IC50 values of 1.49 μM against WT-TTR and 1.63 μM against more amyloidogenic V30 M TTR mutant. That is comparable to that of approved therapeutic drug, tafamidis, to ameliorate transthyretin-related amyloidosis. Furthermore, rationalization of the increased efficacy of compound 14c bearing a hydrophobic substituent, such as chloride, was carried out by utilizing in silico docking study that could focus on the region of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) binding sites. Additionally, the most potent compound 14c exhibited good pharmacokinetics properties. Taken together, the novel quinoline derivatives could potentially be explored as potential drug candidates to treat the human TTR amyloidosis.
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20
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Ankarcrona M, Winblad B, Monteiro C, Fearns C, Powers ET, Johansson J, Westermark GT, Presto J, Ericzon BG, Kelly JW. Current and future treatment of amyloid diseases. J Intern Med 2016; 280:177-202. [PMID: 27165517 PMCID: PMC4956553 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There are more than 30 human proteins whose aggregation appears to cause degenerative maladies referred to as amyloid diseases or amyloidoses. These disorders are named after the characteristic cross-β-sheet amyloid fibrils that accumulate systemically or are localized to specific organs. In most cases, current treatment is limited to symptomatic approaches and thus disease-modifying therapies are needed. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with extracellular amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) fibrils and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles as pathological hallmarks. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted with passive and active immunotherapy, and small molecules to inhibit Aβ formation and aggregation or to enhance Aβ clearance; so far such clinical trials have been unsuccessful. Novel strategies are therefore required and here we will discuss the possibility of utilizing the chaperone BRICHOS to prevent Aβ aggregation and toxicity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is symptomatically treated with insulin. However, the underlying pathology is linked to the aggregation and progressive accumulation of islet amyloid polypeptide as fibrils and oligomers, which are cytotoxic. Several compounds have been shown to inhibit islet amyloid aggregation and cytotoxicity in vitro. Future animal studies and clinical trials have to be conducted to determine their efficacy in vivo. The transthyretin (TTR) amyloidoses are a group of systemic degenerative diseases compromising multiple organ systems, caused by TTR aggregation. Liver transplantation decreases the generation of misfolded TTR and improves the quality of life for a subgroup of this patient population. Compounds that stabilize the natively folded, nonamyloidogenic, tetrameric conformation of TTR have been developed and the drug tafamidis is available as a promising treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ankarcrona
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - B Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - C Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C Fearns
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E T Powers
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - G T Westermark
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Presto
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - B-G Ericzon
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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21
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Campos RI, Wu X, Elgland M, Konradsson P, Hammarström P. Novel trans-Stilbene-based Fluorophores as Probes for Spectral Discrimination of Native and Protofibrillar Transthyretin. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:924-40. [PMID: 27144293 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded transthyretin (TTR) as amyloid fibrils causes various human disorders. Native transthyretin is a neurotrophic protein and is a putative extracellular molecular chaperone. Several fluorophores have been shown in vitro to bind selectively to native TTR. Other compounds, such as thioflavin T, bind TTR amyloid fibrils. The probe 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) binds to both native and fibrillar TTR, becoming highly fluorescent, but with indistinguishable emission spectra for native and fibrillar TTR. Herein we report our efforts to develop a fluorescent small molecule capable of binding both native and misfolded protofibrillar TTR, providing distinguishable emission spectra. We used microwave synthesis for efficient production of a small library of trans-stilbenes and fluorescence spectral screening of their binding properties. We synthesized and tested 22 trans-stilbenes displaying a variety of functional groups. We successfully developed two naphthyl-based trans-stilbenes probes that detect both TTR states at physiological concentrations. The compounds bound with nanomolar to micromolar affinities and displayed distinct emission maxima upon binding native or misfolded protofibrillar TTR (>100 nm difference). The probes were mainly responsive to environment polarity providing evidence for the divergent hydrophobic structure of the binding sites of these protein conformational states. Furthermore, we were able to successfully use one of these probes to quantify the relative amounts of native and protofibrillar TTR in a dynamic equilibrium. In conclusion, we identified two trans-stilbene-based fluorescent probes, (E)-4-(2-(naphthalen-1-yl)vinyl)benzene-1,2-diol (11) and (E)-4-(2-(naphthalen-2-yl)vinyl)benzene-1,2-diol (14), that bind native and protofibrillar TTR, providing a wide difference in emission maxima allowing conformational discrimination by fluorescence spectroscopy. We expect these novel molecules to serve as important chemical biology research tools in studies of TTR folding and misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl I Campos
- IFM−Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Xiongyu Wu
- IFM−Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Mathias Elgland
- IFM−Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Peter Konradsson
- IFM−Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Per Hammarström
- IFM−Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
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22
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Convertino M, Das J, Dokholyan NV. Pharmacological Chaperones: Design and Development of New Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Conformational Diseases. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1471-89. [PMID: 27097127 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Errors in protein folding may result in premature clearance of structurally aberrant proteins, or in the accumulation of toxic misfolded species or protein aggregates. These pathological events lead to a large range of conditions known as conformational diseases. Several research groups have presented possible therapeutic solutions for their treatment by developing novel compounds, known as pharmacological chaperones. These cell-permeable molecules selectively provide a molecular scaffold around which misfolded proteins can recover their native folding and, thus, their biological activities. Here, we review therapeutic strategies, clinical potentials, and cost-benefit impacts of several classes of pharmacological chaperones for the treatment of a series of conformational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Convertino
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jhuma Das
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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23
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Halder S, Surolia A, Mukhopadhyay C. Dynamics simulation of soybean agglutinin (SBA) dimer reveals the impact of glycosylation on its enhanced structural stability. Carbohydr Res 2016; 428:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Baranczak A, Connelly S, Liu Y, Choi S, Grimster NP, Powers ET, Wilson IA, Kelly JW. Fluorogenic small molecules requiring reaction with a specific protein to create a fluorescent conjugate for biological imaging--what we know and what we need to learn. Biopolymers 2016; 101:484-95. [PMID: 24105107 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We seek fluorogenic small molecules that generate a fluorescent conjugate signal if and only if they react with a given protein-of-interest (i.e., small molecules for which noncovalent binding to the protein-of-interest is insufficient to generate fluorescence). Consequently, it is the new chemical entity afforded by the generally irreversible reaction between the small molecule and the protein-of-interest that enables the energy of an electron occupying the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the chromophore to be given off as a photon instead of being dissipated by nonradiative mechanisms in complex biological environments. This category of fluorogenic small molecules is created by starting with environmentally sensitive fluorophores that are modified by an essential functional group that efficiently quenches the fluorescence until a chemoselective reaction between that functional group and the protein-of-interest occurs, yielding the fluorescent conjugate. Fluorogenic small molecules are envisioned to be useful for a wide variety of applications, including live cell imaging without the requirement for washing steps and pulse-chase kinetic analyses of protein synthesis, trafficking, degradation, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Baranczak
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037; Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037
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25
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Cianci M, Folli C, Zonta F, Florio P, Berni R, Zanotti G. Structural evidence for asymmetric ligand binding to transthyretin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:1582-92. [DOI: 10.1107/s1399004715010585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human transthyretin (TTR) represents a notable example of an amyloidogenic protein, and several compounds that are able to stabilize its native state have been proposed as effective drugs in the therapy of TTR amyloidosis. The two thyroxine (T4) binding sites present in the TTR tetramer display negative binding cooperativity. Here, structures of TTR in complex with three natural polyphenols (pterostilbene, quercetin and apigenin) have been determined, in which this asymmetry manifests itself as the presence of a main binding site with clear ligand occupancy and related electron density and a second minor site with a much lower ligand occupancy. The results of an analysis of the structural differences between the two binding sites are consistent with such a binding asymmetry. The different ability of TTR ligands to saturate the two T4 binding sites of the tetrameric protein can be ascribed to the different affinity of ligands for the weaker binding site. In comparison, the high-affinity ligand tafamidis, co-crystallized under the same experimental conditions, was able to fully saturate the two T4 binding sites. This asymmetry is characterized by the presence of small but significant differences in the conformation of the cavity of the two binding sites. Molecular-dynamics simulations suggest the presence of even larger differences in solution. Competition binding assays carried out in solution revealed the presence of a preferential binding site in TTR for the polyphenols pterostilbene and quercetin that was different from the preferential binding site for T4. The TTR binding asymmetry could possibly be exploited for the therapy of TTR amyloidosis by using a cocktail of two drugs, each of which exhibits preferential binding for a distinct binding site, thus favouring saturation of the tetrameric protein and consequently its stabilization.
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26
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Amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic transthyretin variants interact differently with human cardiomyocytes: insights into early events of non-fibrillar tissue damage. Biosci Rep 2015; 35:BSR20140155. [PMID: 25395306 PMCID: PMC4293901 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20140155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TTR (transthyretin) amyloidoses are diseases characterized by the aggregation and extracellular deposition of the normally soluble plasma protein TTR. Ex vivo and tissue culture studies suggest that tissue damage precedes TTR fibril deposition, indicating that early events in the amyloidogenic cascade have an impact on disease development. We used a human cardiomyocyte tissue culture model system to define these events. We previously described that the amyloidogenic V122I TTR variant is cytotoxic to human cardiac cells, whereas the naturally occurring, stable and non-amyloidogenic T119M TTR variant is not. We show that most of the V122I TTR interacting with the cells is extracellular and this interaction is mediated by a membrane protein(s). In contrast, most of the non-amyloidogenic T119M TTR associated with the cells is intracellular where it undergoes lysosomal degradation. The TTR internalization process is highly dependent on membrane cholesterol content. Using a fluorescent labelled V122I TTR variant that has the same aggregation and cytotoxic potential as the native V122I TTR, we determined that its association with human cardiomyocytes is saturable with a KD near 650 nM. Only amyloidogenic V122I TTR compete with fluorescent V122I for cell-binding sites. Finally, incubation of the human cardiomyocytes with V122I TTR but not with T119M TTR, generates superoxide species and activates caspase 3/7. In summary, our results show that the interaction of the amyloidogenic V122I TTR is distinct from that of a non-amyloidogenic TTR variant and is characterized by its retention at the cell membrane, where it initiates the cytotoxic cascade.
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Haupt M, Blakeley MP, Fisher SJ, Mason SA, Cooper JB, Mitchell EP, Forsyth VT. Binding site asymmetry in human transthyretin: insights from a joint neutron and X-ray crystallographic analysis using perdeuterated protein. IUCRJ 2014; 1:429-38. [PMID: 25485123 PMCID: PMC4224461 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252514021113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human transthyretin has an intrinsic tendency to form amyloid fibrils and is heavily implicated in senile systemic amyloidosis. Here, detailed neutron structural studies of perdeuterated transthyretin are described. The analyses, which fully exploit the enhanced visibility of isotopically replaced hydrogen atoms, yield new information on the stability of the protein and the possible mechanisms of amyloid formation. Residue Ser117 may play a pivotal role in that a single water molecule is closely associated with the γ-hydrogen atoms in one of the binding pockets, and could be important in determining which of the two sites is available to the substrate. The hydrogen-bond network at the monomer-monomer interface is more extensive than that at the dimer-dimer interface. Additionally, the edge strands of the primary dimer are seen to be favourable for continuation of the β-sheet and the formation of an extended cross-β structure through sequential dimer couplings. It is argued that the precursor to fibril formation is the dimeric form of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Haupt
- Facility of Natural Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71, avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, CS 20156, France
- Partnership for Structural Biology, 71, avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, CS 20156, France
| | - Matthew P. Blakeley
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71, avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, CS 20156, France
- Partnership for Structural Biology, 71, avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, CS 20156, France
| | - Stuart J. Fisher
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Sax A. Mason
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71, avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, CS 20156, France
| | - Jon B. Cooper
- Division of Medicine (Royal Free Campus), University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Edward P. Mitchell
- Facility of Natural Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- Partnership for Structural Biology, 71, avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, CS 20156, France
- Business Development Office, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, 38042, France
| | - V. Trevor Forsyth
- Facility of Natural Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71, avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, CS 20156, France
- Partnership for Structural Biology, 71, avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, CS 20156, France
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Obici L, Merlini G. An overview of drugs currently under investigation for the treatment of transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:1239-51. [PMID: 25003808 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.922541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transthyretin (TTR)-related hereditary amyloidosis is an adult-onset, dominantly inherited, systemic neurodegenerative disease endemic in some populations. Stabilization of the native structure of TTR by small-molecule ligands has recently proved effective in slowing neurological progression. Two drugs, tafamidis and diflunisal, are now available for most patients, particularly in the early stage of the disease. However, this disorder remains life threatening with several unmet needs. There are great expectations for a number of novel agents undergoing investigation. AREAS COVERED The authors review the current investigational drugs for the treatment of TTR amyloidosis according to the different steps of the fibrillogenesis process they target. Innovative approaches include suppression of TTR secretion, prevention of TTR misfolding by stronger stabilizers identified through structure-based design and high-throughput screening methodologies as well as the redirection of pathogenic aggregates toward nontoxic species and reabsorption of deposits through amyloid disrupters and immunotherapy. EXPERT OPINION Suppression of TTR synthesis by antisense oligonucleotides and small-interfering RNA is presently one of the most promising therapeutic approaches. However, well-designed clinical trials are required to establish their safety and efficacy compared with liver transplantation, tafamidis and diflunisal. With a longer time frame, it may be possible to develop combination therapies that target multiple steps of the aggregation process that could provide the best long-life effective treatments for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Obici
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo , Viale Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia , Italy
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29
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Milroy LG, Grossmann TN, Hennig S, Brunsveld L, Ottmann C. Modulators of Protein–Protein Interactions. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4695-748. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400698c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech
2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tom N. Grossmann
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sven Hennig
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech
2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech
2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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30
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Suh EH, Liu Y, Connelly S, Genereux JC, Wilson IA, Kelly JW. Stilbene vinyl sulfonamides as fluorogenic sensors of and traceless covalent kinetic stabilizers of transthyretin that prevent amyloidogenesis. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17869-80. [PMID: 24180271 DOI: 10.1021/ja408230k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules that react selectively with a specific non-enzyme drug-target protein in a complex biological environment without displacement of a leaving group (tracelessly) are rare and highly desirable. Herein we describe the development of a family of fluorogenic stilbene-based vinyl amides and vinyl sulfonamides that covalently modify transthyretin (TTR) tracelessly. These small molecules bind selectively to TTR in complex biological environments and then undergo a rapid and chemoselective 1,4-Michael addition with the pKa-perturbed Lys-15 ε-amino group of TTR. Replacing the vinyl amide in 2 with the more reactive vinyl sulfonamide in 4 hastens the conjugation kinetics. X-ray cocrystallography verified the formation of the secondary amine bond mediating the conjugation in the case of 2 and 4 and confirmed the expected orientation of the stilbene within the TTR binding sites. Vinyl amide 2 and vinyl sulfonamide 4 potently inhibit TTR dissociation and amyloid fibril formation in vitro. The TTR binding selectivity, modification yield, and reaction chemoselectivity of vinyl sulfonamide 4 are good enough in human plasma to serve as a starting point for medicinal chemistry efforts. Moreover, vinyl sulfonamide 4 is fluorogenic: it exhibits minimal background fluorescence in complex biological environments, remains dark upon binding to TTR, and becomes fluorescent only upon reaction with TTR. The fluorogenicity of 4 was utilized to accurately quantify the native TTR concentration in Escherichia coli lysate using a fluorescence plate reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eul Hyun Suh
- Department of Chemistry, ‡The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, §Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, and ∥Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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31
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Louros NN, Iconomidou VA, Tsiolaki PL, Chrysina ED, Baltatzis GE, Patsouris ES, Hamodrakas SJ. An N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP) 'aggregation-prone' segment involved in isolated atrial amyloidosis. FEBS Lett 2013; 588:52-7. [PMID: 24220659 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Isolated atrial amyloidosis (IAA) is a common localized form of amyloid deposition within the atria of the aging heart. The main constituents of amyloid fibrils are atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and the N-terminal part of its precursor form (NT-proANP). An 'aggregation-prone' heptapeptide ((114)KLRALLT(120)) was located within the NT-proANP sequence. This peptide self-assembles into amyloid-like fibrils in vitro, as electron microscopy, X-ray fiber diffraction, ATR FT-IR spectroscopy and Congo red staining studies reveal. Consequently, remedies/drugs designed to inhibit the aggregation tendency of this 'aggregation-prone' segment of NT-proANP may assist in prevention/treatment of IAA, congestive heart failure (CHF) or atrial fibrillation (AF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos N Louros
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 157 01, Greece
| | - Vassiliki A Iconomidou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 157 01, Greece
| | - Paraskevi L Tsiolaki
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 157 01, Greece
| | - Evangelia D Chrysina
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 116 35, Greece
| | - Georgios E Baltatzis
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Assias, Goudi 115 27, Greece
| | - Efstratios S Patsouris
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Assias, Goudi 115 27, Greece
| | - Stavros J Hamodrakas
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 157 01, Greece.
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32
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Cotrina EY, Pinto M, Bosch L, Vilà M, Blasi D, Quintana J, Centeno NB, Arsequell G, Planas A, Valencia G. Modulation of the Fibrillogenesis Inhibition Properties of Two Transthyretin Ligands by Halogenation. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9110-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401061w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Y. Cotrina
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pinto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Bosch
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vilà
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Blasi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Quintana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria B. Centeno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Planas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregorio Valencia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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33
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Zhou ZL, Liu HL, Wu JW, Tsao CW, Chen WH, Liu KT, Ho Y. Computer-aided Discovery of Potential Inhibitors for Transthyretin-related Amyloidosis. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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34
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Transthyretin suppresses the toxicity of oligomers formed by misfolded proteins in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:2302-14. [PMID: 24075940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although human transthyretin (TTR) is associated with systemic amyloidoses, an anti-amyloidogenic effect that prevents Aβ fibril formation in vitro and in animal models has been observed. Here we studied the ability of three different types of TTR, namely human tetramers (hTTR), mouse tetramers (muTTR) and an engineered monomer of the human protein (M-TTR), to suppress the toxicity of oligomers formed by two different amyloidogenic peptides/proteins (HypF-N and Aβ42). muTTR is the most stable homotetramer, hTTR can dissociate into partially unfolded monomers, whereas M-TTR maintains a monomeric state. Preformed toxic HypF-N and Aβ42 oligomers were incubated in the presence of each TTR then added to cell culture media. hTTR, and to a greater extent M-TTR, were found to protect human neuroblastoma cells and rat primary neurons against oligomer-induced toxicity, whereas muTTR had no protective effect. The thioflavin T assay and site-directed labeling experiments using pyrene ruled out disaggregation and structural reorganization within the discrete oligomers following incubation with TTRs, while confocal microscopy, SDS-PAGE, and intrinsic fluorescence measurements indicated tight binding between oligomers and hTTR, particularly M-TTR. Moreover, atomic force microscopy (AFM), light scattering and turbidimetry analyses indicated that larger assemblies of oligomers are formed in the presence of M-TTR and, to a lesser extent, with hTTR. Overall, the data suggest a generic capacity of TTR to efficiently neutralize the toxicity of oligomers formed by misfolded proteins and reveal that such neutralization occurs through a mechanism of TTR-mediated assembly of protein oligomers into larger species, with an efficiency that correlates inversely with TTR tetramer stability.
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35
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Louros NN, Iconomidou VA, Giannelou P, Hamodrakas SJ. Structural analysis of peptide-analogues of human Zona Pellucida ZP1 protein with amyloidogenic properties: insights into mammalian Zona Pellucida formation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73258. [PMID: 24069181 PMCID: PMC3772061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular matrix surrounding and protecting mammalian and fish oocytes, which is responsible for sperm binding. Mammalian ZP consists of three to four glycoproteins, called ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, ZP4. These proteins polymerize into long interconnected filaments, through a common structural unit, known as the ZP domain, which consists of two domains, ZP-N and ZP-C. ZP is related in function to silkmoth chorion and in an evolutionary fashion to the teleostean fish chorion, also fibrous structures protecting the oocyte and embryo, that both have been proven to be functional amyloids. Two peptides were predicted as 'aggregation-prone' by our prediction tool, AMYLPRED, from the sequence of the human ZP1-N domain. Here, we present results from transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Congo red staining and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR), of two synthetic peptide-analogues of these predicted 'aggregation-prone' parts of the human ZP1-N domain, that we consider crucial for ZP protein polymerization, showing that they both self-assemble into amyloid-like fibrils. Based on our experimental data, we propose that human ZP (hZP) might be considered as a novel, putative, natural protective amyloid, in close analogy to silkmoth and teleostean fish chorions. Experiments are in progress to verify this proposal. We also attempt to provide insights into ZP formation, proposing a possible model for hZP1-N domain polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos N. Louros
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki A. Iconomidou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
| | - Polina Giannelou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros J. Hamodrakas
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
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36
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Hopping G, Kellock J, Caughey B, Daggett V. Designed Trpzip-3 β-Hairpin Inhibits Amyloid Formation in Two Different Amyloid Systems. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:824-8. [PMID: 24900756 DOI: 10.1021/ml300478w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The trpzip peptides are small, monomeric, and extremely stable β-hairpins that have become valuable tools for studying protein folding. Here, we show that trpzip-3 inhibits aggregation in two very different amyloid systems: transthyretin and Aβ(1-42). Interestingly, Trp → Leu mutations renders the peptide ineffective against transthyretin, but Aβ inhibition remains. Computational docking was used to predict the interactions between trpzip-3 and transthyretin, suggesting that inhibition occurs via binding to the outer region of the thyroxine-binding site, which is supported by dye displacement experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene Hopping
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195,
United States
| | - Jackson Kellock
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195,
United States
| | - Byron Caughey
- Laboratory
of Persistent Viral
Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
| | - Valerie Daggett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195,
United States
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37
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Myung N, Connelly S, Kim B, Park SJ, Wilson IA, Kelly JW, Choi S. Bifunctional coumarin derivatives that inhibit transthyretin amyloidogenesis and serve as fluorescent transthyretin folding sensors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:9188-9190. [PMID: 23989101 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44667k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe coumarin derivatives that are non-fluorescent in aqueous buffers and that very selectively bind to transthyretin (TTR) in complex biological environments potently inhibiting TTR amyloidogenesis while also exhibiting sensitive off-on fluorescent sensing of the properly folded quaternary structure of TTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nojoon Myung
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen Connelly
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Boyoung Kim
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jean Park
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 534-2 Yeonsu 3-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Experimental Medicine, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Sungwook Choi
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
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38
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3D-QSAR and docking studies on 2-arylbenzoxazole and linker-Y transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors. Sci China Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-4894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Grimster NP, Connelly S, Baranczak A, Dong J, Krasnova LB, Sharpless KB, Powers ET, Wilson IA, Kelly JW. Aromatic sulfonyl fluorides covalently kinetically stabilize transthyretin to prevent amyloidogenesis while affording a fluorescent conjugate. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5656-68. [PMID: 23350654 PMCID: PMC3630275 DOI: 10.1021/ja311729d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Molecules that bind selectively to a given protein and then undergo a rapid chemoselective reaction to form a covalent conjugate have utility in drug development. Herein a library of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles substituted at the 2 position with an aryl sulfonyl fluoride and at the 5 position with a substituted aryl known to have high affinity for the inner thyroxine binding subsite of transthyretin (TTR) was conceived of by structure-based design principles and was chemically synthesized. When bound in the thyroxine binding site, most of the aryl sulfonyl fluorides react rapidly and chemoselectively with the pKa-perturbed K15 residue, kinetically stabilizing TTR and thus preventing amyloid fibril formation, known to cause polyneuropathy. Conjugation t50s range from 1 to 4 min, ~1400 times faster than the hydrolysis reaction outside the thyroxine binding site. X-ray crystallography confirms the anticipated binding orientation and sheds light on the sulfonyl fluoride activation leading to the sulfonamide linkage to TTR. A few of the aryl sulfonyl fluorides efficiently form conjugates with TTR in plasma. Eleven of the TTR covalent kinetic stabilizers synthesized exhibit fluorescence upon conjugation and therefore could have imaging applications as a consequence of the environment sensitive fluorescence of the chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil P Grimster
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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40
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Liao YH, Chang YJ, Yoshiike Y, Chang YC, Chen YR. Negatively charged gold nanoparticles inhibit Alzheimer's amyloid-β fibrillization, induce fibril dissociation, and mitigate neurotoxicity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:3631-9. [PMID: 22915547 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Amyloids are pathogenic hallmarks in many neurodegenerative diseases such as amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, the effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on amyloids is examined using Aβ as a model system. It is found that bare AuNPs inhibited Aβ fibrillization to form fragmented fibrils and spherical oligomers. Adding bare AuNPs to preformed Aβ fibrils results in ragged species where AuNPs bind preferentially to fibrils. Similar results are demonstrated with carboxyl- but not amine-conjugated AuNPs. Co-incubation of negatively charged AuNPs with Aβ relieved Aβ toxicity to neuroblastoma. Overall, it is demonstrated that AuNPs possessing negative surface potential serve as nano-chaperones to inhibit and redirect Aβ fibrillization, which could contribute to applications for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hung Liao
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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41
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Wang XY, Ji CG, Zhang JZH. Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of Stabilization of the Adhesion Domains of Human CD2 by N-Glycosylation. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:11570-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp304116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Y. Wang
- State Key Laboratory
of Precision
Spectroscopy and Department of Physics, Institute of Theoretical and
Computational Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10012, United
States
| | - Chang G. Ji
- State Key Laboratory
of Precision
Spectroscopy and Department of Physics, Institute of Theoretical and
Computational Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - John Z. H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Precision
Spectroscopy and Department of Physics, Institute of Theoretical and
Computational Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10012, United
States
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42
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Johnson SM, Connelly S, Fearns C, Powers ET, Kelly JW. The transthyretin amyloidoses: from delineating the molecular mechanism of aggregation linked to pathology to a regulatory-agency-approved drug. J Mol Biol 2012; 421:185-203. [PMID: 22244854 PMCID: PMC3350832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is one of the many proteins that are known to misfold and aggregate (i.e., undergo amyloidogenesis) in vivo. The process of TTR amyloidogenesis causes nervous system and/or heart pathology. While several of these maladies are associated with mutations that destabilize the native TTR quaternary and/or tertiary structure, wild-type TTR amyloidogenesis also leads to the degeneration of postmitotic tissue. Over the past 20 years, much has been learned about the factors that influence the propensity of TTR to aggregate. This biophysical information led to the development of a therapeutic strategy, termed "kinetic stabilization," to prevent TTR amyloidogenesis. This strategy afforded the drug tafamidis which was recently approved by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of TTR familial amyloid polyneuropathy, the most common familial TTR amyloid disease. Tafamidis is the first and currently the only medication approved to treat TTR familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Here we review the biophysical basis for the kinetic stabilization strategy and the structure-based drug design effort that led to this first-in-class pharmacologic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Stephen Connelly
- Department of Molecular Biology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Colleen Fearns
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Evan T. Powers
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jeffery W. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Tafamidis, a potent and selective transthyretin kinetic stabilizer that inhibits the amyloid cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:9629-34. [PMID: 22645360 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1121005109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transthyretin amyloidoses (ATTR) are invariably fatal diseases characterized by progressive neuropathy and/or cardiomyopathy. ATTR are caused by aggregation of transthyretin (TTR), a natively tetrameric protein involved in the transport of thyroxine and the vitamin A-retinol-binding protein complex. Mutations within TTR that cause autosomal dominant forms of disease facilitate tetramer dissociation, monomer misfolding, and aggregation, although wild-type TTR can also form amyloid fibrils in elderly patients. Because tetramer dissociation is the rate-limiting step in TTR amyloidogenesis, targeted therapies have focused on small molecules that kinetically stabilize the tetramer, inhibiting TTR amyloid fibril formation. One such compound, tafamidis meglumine (Fx-1006A), has recently completed Phase II/III trials for the treatment of Transthyretin Type Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP) and demonstrated a slowing of disease progression in patients heterozygous for the V30M TTR mutation. Herein we describe the molecular and structural basis of TTR tetramer stabilization by tafamidis. Tafamidis binds selectively and with negative cooperativity (K(d)s ~2 nM and ~200 nM) to the two normally unoccupied thyroxine-binding sites of the tetramer, and kinetically stabilizes TTR. Patient-derived amyloidogenic variants of TTR, including kinetically and thermodynamically less stable mutants, are also stabilized by tafamidis binding. The crystal structure of tafamidis-bound TTR suggests that binding stabilizes the weaker dimer-dimer interface against dissociation, the rate-limiting step of amyloidogenesis.
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Liang Y, Ore MO, Morin S, Wilson DJ. Specific disruption of transthyretin(105-115) fibrilization using "stabilizing" inhibitors of transthyretin amyloidogenesis. Biochemistry 2012; 51:3523-30. [PMID: 22482799 DOI: 10.1021/bi3002727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a cerebrospinal fluid and serum protein that undergoes ordered aggregation (amyloidogenesis) in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) and senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA). It is now widely accepted that dissociation of the native TTR tetramer is a precondition for amyloidogenesis; thus, molecules that stabilize the tetramer have received much attention as potential TTR amyloidosis inhibitors. Many of these inhibitors bind to the thyroxine (T(4)) binding pocket and interact specifically with a section of the TTR sequence, corresponding to residues 105-115, that is implicated in amyloidogenic propensity. In this work, we study the effects of "stabilizing" inhibitors on ordered aggregation of TTR(105-115) peptide. We show that molecules known to bind full-length TTR at the T(4) site are potent, specific inhibitors of ordered aggregation, while molecules that do not interact with TTR exhibit milder, nonspecific disruption through a "hyperbundling" effect. Our results suggest that, in addition to annealing the native tetramer, "stabilizing" inhibitors may also directly disrupt amyloidogenic aggregation of TTR monomers through specific interactions with the exposed TTR(105-115) sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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Doran TM, Anderson EA, Latchney SE, Opanashuk LA, Nilsson BL. Turn nucleation perturbs amyloid β self-assembly and cytotoxicity. J Mol Biol 2012; 421:315-28. [PMID: 22326870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of senile plaques composed of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, although prefibrillar oligomeric species are believed to be the primary neurotoxic congeners in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Uncertainty regarding the mechanistic relationship between Aβ oligomer and fibril formation and the cytotoxicity of these aggregate species persists. β-Turn formation has been proposed to be a potential rate-limiting step during Aβ fibrillogenesis. The effect of turn nucleation on Aβ self-assembly was probed by systematically replacing amino acid pairs in the putative turn region of Aβ (residues 24-27) with d-ProGly ((D)PG), an effective turn-nucleating motif. The kinetic, thermodynamic, and cytotoxic effects of these mutations were characterized. It was found that turn formation dramatically accelerated Aβ fibril self-assembly dependent on the site of turn nucleation. The cytotoxicity of the three (D)PG-containing Aβ variants was significantly lower than that of wild-type Aβ40, presumably due to decreased oligomer populations as a function of a more rapid progression to mature fibrils; oligomer populations were not eliminated, however, suggesting that turn formation is also a feature of oligomer structures. These results indicate that turn nucleation is a critical step in Aβ40 fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Doran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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Abstract
There has been much progress in our understanding of transthyretin (TTR)-related amyloidosis including familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), senile systemic amyloidosis and its related disorders from many clinical and experimental aspects. FAP is an inherited severe systemic amyloidosis caused by mutated TTR, and characterized by amyloid deposition mainly in the peripheral nervous system and the heart. Liver transplantation is the only available treatment for the disease. FAP is now recognized not to be a rare disease, and to have many variations based on genetical and biochemical variations of TTR. This chapter covers the recent advances in the clinical and pathological aspects of, and therapeutic approaches to FAP, and the trend as to the molecular pathogenesis of TTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamura Nagasaka
- Department of Neurology, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, 409-3898, Chuou-city, Yamanashi, Japan,
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Lindquist SL, Kelly JW. Chemical and biological approaches for adapting proteostasis to ameliorate protein misfolding and aggregation diseases: progress and prognosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011; 3:a004507. [PMID: 21900404 PMCID: PMC3225948 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a004507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining the proteome to preserve the health of an organism in the face of developmental changes, environmental insults, infectious diseases, and rigors of aging is a formidable task. The challenge is magnified by the inheritance of mutations that render individual proteins subject to misfolding and/or aggregation. Maintenance of the proteome requires the orchestration of protein synthesis, folding, degradation, and trafficking by highly conserved/deeply integrated cellular networks. In humans, no less than 2000 genes are involved. Stress sensors detect the misfolding and aggregation of proteins in specific organelles and respond by activating stress-responsive signaling pathways. These culminate in transcriptional and posttranscriptional programs that up-regulate the homeostatic mechanisms unique to that organelle. Proteostasis is also strongly influenced by the general properties of protein folding that are intrinsic to every proteome. These include the kinetics and thermodynamics of the folding, misfolding, and aggregation of individual proteins. We examine a growing body of evidence establishing that when cellular proteostasis goes awry, it can be reestablished by deliberate chemical and biological interventions. We start with approaches that employ chemicals or biological agents to enhance the general capacity of the proteostasis network. We then introduce chemical approaches to prevent the misfolding or aggregation of specific proteins through direct binding interactions. We finish with evidence that synergy is achieved with the combination of mechanistically distinct approaches to reestablish organismal proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
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Iconomidou VA, Pheida D, Hamodraka ES, Antony C, Hoenger A, Hamodrakas SJ. An amyloidogenic determinant in n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (nt-probnp): Implications for cardiac amyloidoses. Biopolymers 2011; 98:67-75. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Issa F, Kassiou M, Rendina LM. Boron in drug discovery: carboranes as unique pharmacophores in biologically active compounds. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5701-22. [PMID: 21718011 DOI: 10.1021/cr2000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatiah Issa
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
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Poncet-Montange G, St Martin SJ, Bogatova OV, Prusiner SB, Shoichet BK, Ghaemmaghami S. A survey of antiprion compounds reveals the prevalence of non-PrP molecular targets. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:27718-28. [PMID: 21610081 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.234393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by the accumulation of the misfolded isoform (PrP(Sc)) of the prion protein (PrP(C)). Cell-based screens have identified several compounds that induce a reduction in PrP(Sc) levels in infected cultured cells. However, the molecular targets of most antiprion compounds remain unknown. We undertook a large-scale, unbiased, cell-based screen for antiprion compounds and then investigated whether a representative subset of the active molecules had measurable affinity for PrP, increased the susceptibility of PrP(Sc) to proteolysis, or altered the cellular localization or expression level of PrP(C). None of the antiprion compounds showed in vitro affinity for PrP or had the ability to disaggregate PrP(Sc) in infected brain homogenates. These observations suggest that most antiprion compounds identified in cell-based screens deploy their activity via non-PrP targets in the cell. Our findings indicate that in comparison to PrP conformers themselves, proteins that play auxiliary roles in prion propagation may be more effective targets for future drug discovery efforts.
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