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Maldonado-Ochoa SA, Zampieri M, Otero M, Vaca Chávez F. Morphology characterization of dendrites on lithium metal electrodes by NMR spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17141-17147. [PMID: 38847322 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite the considerable potential offered by lithium metal's high capacity for rechargeable batteries, challenges such as dendrite formation and safety concerns persist. As strategies continue to advance in dendrite management, the demand for efficient monitoring tools becomes increasingly pronounced. In this study, we delve into the characterization of dendrites, elucidating the influence of microstructure morphology on the NMR spectrum using a combination of simulations and experiments. Systematic variations in various geometrical parameters highlight dendrite density as a pivotal distinguishing feature. Furthermore, the investigation explores the effectiveness of a pulse sequence in selectively exciting microstructures over the bulk, providing valuable insights into mitigating dendrite-related challenges in lithium-metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Agustín Maldonado-Ochoa
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Córdoba, Argentina.
- CONICET. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Muriel Zampieri
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Córdoba, Argentina.
- CONICET. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Manuel Otero
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Córdoba, Argentina.
- CONICET. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fabián Vaca Chávez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Córdoba, Argentina.
- CONICET. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), Córdoba, Argentina
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2
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Li Q, Liu H, Wu F, Li L, Ye Y, Chen R. Recent Advances and Opportunities in Reactivating Inactive Lithium in Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404554. [PMID: 38563638 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The loss of active materials is one of the main culprits of the battery failures. As a typical example, the presence of inactive lithium, also known as "dead lithium", contributes to the rapid capacity deterioration and reduces energy output in lithium batteries. This phenomenon has long been recognized as irreversible. In this Minireview, the first of this kind, we aim to summarize the formation of inactive lithium and reassess its impact on battery performance metrics. Additionally, we explore various strategies that have been devised to rejuvenate inactive lithium. This comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in reactivating inactive lithium not only offers insights into restoring capacity and enhancing battery performance metrics but also provides a foundation for future research in reviving other inactive materials found in next-generation batteries, such as lithium metal batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, other alkali metal batteries, and liquid flow batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianya Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519088, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519088, China
| | - Yusheng Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519088, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519088, China
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Zhou X, Huang F, Zhang X, Zhang B, Cui Y, Wang Z, Yang Q, Ma Z, Liu J. Interface-Targeting Carrier-Catalytic Integrated Design Contributing to Lithium Dihalide-Rich SEI toward High Interface Stability for Long-Life Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401576. [PMID: 38546410 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The generation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) largely determines the comprehensive performance of all-solid-state batteries. Herein, a novel "carrier-catalytic" integrated design is strategically exploited to in situ construct a stable LiF-LiBr rich SEI by improving the electron transfer kinetics to accelerate the bond-breaking dynamics. Specifically, the high electron transport capacity of Br-TPOM skeleton increases the polarity of C-Br, thus promoting the generation of LiBr. Then, the enhancement of electron transfer kinetics further promotes the fracture of C-F from TFSI- to form LiF. Finally, the stable and homogeneous artificial-SEI with enriched lithium dihalide is constructed through the in situ co-growth mechanism of LiF and LiBr, which facilitatse the Li-ion transport kinetics and regulates the lithium deposition behavior. Impressively, the PEO-Br-TPOM paired with LiFePO4 delivers ultra-long cycling stability over 1000 cycles with 81 % capacity retention at 1 C while the pouch cells possess 88 % superior capacity retention after 550 cycles with initial discharge capacity of 145 mAh g-1at 0.2 C in the absence of external pressure. Even under stringent conditions, the practical pouch cells possess the practical capacity with stable electric quantities plateau in 30 cycles demonstrates its application potential in energy storage field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Fenfen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Yingjie Cui
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Zengsheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
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Ham SY, Sebti E, Cronk A, Pennebaker T, Deysher G, Chen YT, Oh JAS, Lee JB, Song MS, Ridley P, Tan DHS, Clément RJ, Jang J, Meng YS. Overcoming low initial coulombic efficiencies of Si anodes through prelithiation in all-solid-state batteries. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2991. [PMID: 38582753 PMCID: PMC10998844 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
All-solid-state batteries using Si as the anode have shown promising performance without continual solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) growth. However, the first cycle irreversible capacity loss yields low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of Si, limiting the energy density. To address this, we adopt a prelithiation strategy to increase ICE and conductivity of all-solid-state Si cells. A significant increase in ICE is observed for Li1Si anode paired with a lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) cathode. Additionally, a comparison with lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NCM) reveals that performance improvements with Si prelithiation is only applicable for full cells dominated by high anode irreversibility. With this prelithiation strategy, 15% improvement in capacity retention is achieved after 1000 cycles compared to a pure Si. With Li1Si, a high areal capacity of up to 10 mAh cm-2 is attained using a dry-processed LCO cathode film, suggesting that the prelithiation method may be suitable for high-loading next-generation all-solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Ham
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Elias Sebti
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Ashley Cronk
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tyler Pennebaker
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Grayson Deysher
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jin An Sam Oh
- Insitute of Materials, Research, and Engineering, Agency of Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeong Beom Lee
- LG Energy Solution. Ltd., LG Science Park, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07796, Korea
| | - Min Sang Song
- LG Energy Solution. Ltd., LG Science Park, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07796, Korea
| | - Phillip Ridley
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Darren H S Tan
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Raphaële J Clément
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jihyun Jang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ying Shirley Meng
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Park C, Kim J, Lim W, Lee J. Toward maximum energy density enabled by anode-free lithium metal batteries: Recent progress and perspective. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20210255. [PMID: 38855623 PMCID: PMC11022618 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the emergenceof energy storage and electric vehicles, the desire for safe high-energy-density energy storage devices has increased research interest in anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs). Unlike general lithium metal batteries (LMBs), in which excess Li exists to compensate for the irreversible loss of Li, only the current collector is employed as an anode and paired with a lithiated cathode in the fabrication of AFLMBs. Owing to their unique cell configuration, AFLMBs have attractive characteristics, including the highest energy density, safety, and cost-effectiveness. However, developing AFLMBs with extended cyclability remains an issue for practical applications because the high reactivity of Li with limited inventory causes severely low Coulombic efficiency (CE), poor cyclability, and dendrite growth. To address these issues, tremendous effort has been devoted to stabilizing Li metal anodes for AFLMBs. In this review, the importance and challenges of AFLMBs are highlighted. Then, diverse strategies, such as current collectors modification, advanced electrolytes, cathode engineering, and operation protocols are thoroughly reviewed. Finally, a future perspective on the strategy is provided for insight into the basis of future research. It is hoped that this review provides a comprehensive understanding by reviewing previous research and arousing more interest in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol‐Young Park
- Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jinuk Kim
- Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Won‐Gwang Lim
- Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
- Present address:
Energy and Environment DirectoratePacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), 902 Battelle BoulevardRichland 99354WashingtonUSA
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
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6
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Luo R, Janssen HJWG, Kentgens APM, Zhao EW. A parallel line probe for spatially selective electrochemical NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 361:107666. [PMID: 38537481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In situ NMR is a valuable tool for studying electrochemical devices, including redox flow batteries and electrocatalytic reactors, capable of detecting reaction intermediates, metastable states, time evolution of processes or monitoring stability as a function of electrochemical conditions. Here we report a parallel line detector for spatially selective in situ electrochemical NMR spectroscopy. The detector consists of 17 copper wires and is doubly tuned to 1H/19F and X nuclei ranging from 63Cu (106.1 MHz) to 7Li (155.5 MHz). The flat geometry of the parallel line detector allows its insertion into a high electrode surface-to-volume electrochemical flow reactor, enabling a detector-in-a-reactor design. This integrated device is named "eReactor NMR probe". Combined with B1-selective pulse sequences, selective detection of the nuclei at the electrode-electrolyte interface, that is within a distance of 800 μm from the electrode surface, has been achieved. The selective detection of 7Li and 19F nuclei is demonstrated using two electrolytes, LiCl and LiBF4 solutions, respectively. A good B1 homogeneity with an 810° to 90° pulse intensity ratio of 68-72 % was achieved. Using electrochemical plating of lithium metal as a model reaction, we further demonstrated the operando functionality of the probe. The new eReactor NMR probe offers a general method for studying flow electrochemistry, and we envision applications in a wide range of environmentally relevant energy systems, for example, Li metal batteries, electrochemical ammonia synthesis, carbon dioxide capture and reduction, redox flow batteries, fuel cells, water desalination, lignin oxidation etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Luo
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans J W G Janssen
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arno P M Kentgens
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Evan Wenbo Zhao
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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7
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Sanchez AJ, Dasgupta NP. Lithium Metal Anodes: Advancing our Mechanistic Understanding of Cycling Phenomena in Liquid and Solid Electrolytes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4282-4300. [PMID: 38335271 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Lithium metal anodes have the potential to be a disruptive technology for next-generation batteries with high energy densities, but their electrochemical performance is limited by a lack of fundamental understanding into the mechanistic origins that underpin their poor reversibility, morphological evolution (including dendrite growth), and interfacial instability. The goal of this perspective is to summarize the current state-of-the-art understanding of these phenomena, and highlight knowledge gaps where additional research is needed. The various stages of cycling are described sequentially, including nucleation, growth, open-circuit rest periods, and electrodissolution (stripping). A direct comparison of lessons learned from liquid and solid-state electrolyte systems is made throughout the discussion, providing cross-cutting insights between these research communities. Major themes of the discussion include electro-chemo-mechanical coupling, insights from in situ/operando analysis, and the interplay between experimental observations and computational modeling. Finally, a series of fundamental research questions are proposed to identify critical knowledge gaps and inform future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Sanchez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Neil P Dasgupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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8
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Shi Z, Wang Y, Yue X, Zhao J, Fang M, Liu J, Chen Y, Dong Y, Yan X, Liang Z. Mechanically Interlocked Interphase with Energy Dissipation and Fast Li-Ion Transport for High-Capacity Lithium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401711. [PMID: 38381000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Constructing an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (ASEI) on Li metal anodes (LMAs) is a potential strategy for addressing the dendrite issues. However, the mechanical fatigue of the ASEI caused by stress accumulation under the repeated deformation from the Li plating/stripping is not taken seriously. Herein, this work introduces a mechanically interlocked [an]daisy chain network (DC MIN) into the ASEI to stabilize the Li metal/ASEI interface by combining the functions of energy dissipation and fast Li-ion transport. The DC MIN featured by large-range molecular motions is cross-linked via efficient thiol-ene click chemistry; thus, the DC MIN has flexibility and excellent mechanical properties. As an ASEI, the crown ether units in DC MIN not only interact with the dialkylammonium of a flexible chain, forming the energy dissipation behavior but also coordinate with Li ion to support the fast Li-ion transport in DC MIN. Therefore, a stable 2800 h-symmetrical cycling (1 mA cm-2 ) and an excellent 5 C-rate (full cell with LiFePO4 ) performance are achieved by DC MIN-based ASEI. Furthermore, the 1-Ah pouch cell (LiNi0.88 Co0.09 Mn0.03 O2 cathode) with DC MIN-coated LMA exhibits improved capacity retention (88%) relative to the Control. The molecular design of DC MIN provides new insights into the optimization of an ASEI for high-energy LMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqin Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yongming Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xinyang Yue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jijiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuanmao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yongteng Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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9
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Mohammad I, Cambaz MA, Samoson A, Fichtner M, Witter R. Development of in situ high resolution NMR: Proof-of-principle for a new (spinning) cylindrical mini-pellet approach applied to a Lithium ion battery. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2024; 129:101914. [PMID: 38154437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2023.101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for characterizing the local structure and dynamics of battery and other materials. It has been widely used to investigate bulk electrode compounds, electrolytes, and interfaces. Beside common ex situ investigations, in situ and operando techniques have gained considerable importance for understanding the reaction mechanisms and cell degradation of electrochemical cells. Herein, we present the recent development of in situ magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR methodologies to study batteries with high spectral resolution, setting into context possible advances on this topic. A mini cylindrical cell type insert for 4 mm MAS rotors is introduced here, being demonstrated on a Li/VO2F electrochemical system, allowing the acquisition of high-resolution 7Li MAS NMR spectra, spinning the electrochemical cell up to 15 kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Mohammad
- Laboratory of Spin Design, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Musa Ali Cambaz
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ago Samoson
- Laboratory of Spin Design, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Maximilian Fichtner
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany; Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Raiker Witter
- Laboratory of Spin Design, Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086, Tallinn, Estonia; Helmholtz-Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany; Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute of Quantum Optics, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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10
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Menkin S, Fritzke JB, Larner R, de Leeuw C, Choi Y, Gunnarsdóttir AB, Grey CP. Insights into soft short circuit-based degradation of lithium metal batteries. Faraday Discuss 2024; 248:277-297. [PMID: 37870402 PMCID: PMC10823489 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The demand for electric vehicles with extended ranges has created a renaissance of interest in replacing the common metal-ion with higher energy-density metal-anode batteries. However, the potential battery safety issues associated with lithium metal must be addressed to enable lithium metal battery chemistries. A considerable performance gap between lithium (Li) symmetric cells and practical Li batteries motivated us to explore the correlation between the shape of voltage traces and degradation. We coupled impedance spectroscopy and operando NMR and used the new approach to show that transient (i.e., soft) shorts form in realistic conditions for battery applications; however, they are typically overlooked, as their electrochemical signatures are often not distinct. The typical rectangular-shaped voltage trace, widely considered ideal, was proven, under the conditions studied here, to be a result of soft shorts. Recoverable soft-shorted cells were demonstrated during a symmetric cell polarisation experiment, defining a new type of critical current density: the current density at which the soft shorts are not reversible. Moreover, we demonstrated that soft shorts, detected via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and validated via operando NMR, are predictive towards the formation of hard shorts, showing the potential use of EIS as a relatively low-cost and non-destructive method for early detection of catastrophic shorts and battery failure while demonstrating the strength of operando NMR as a research tool for metal plating in lithium batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Menkin
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Jana B Fritzke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Rebecca Larner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Cas de Leeuw
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Yoonseong Choi
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Anna B Gunnarsdóttir
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Clare P Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
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11
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Ellison JHJ, Grey CP. Engineering considerations for practical lithium-air electrolytes. Faraday Discuss 2024; 248:355-380. [PMID: 37807702 PMCID: PMC10823492 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00091e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-air batteries promise exceptional energy density while avoiding the use of transition metals in their cathodes, however, their practical adoption is currently held back by their short lifetimes. These short lifetimes are largely caused by electrolyte breakdown, but despite extensive searching, an electrolyte resistant to breakdown has yet to be found. This paper considers the requirements placed on an electrolyte for it to be considered usable in a practical cell. We go on to examine ways, through judicious cell design, of relaxing these requirements to allow for a broader range of compounds to be considered. We conclude by suggesting types of molecules that could be explored for future cells. With this work, we aim to broaden the scope of future searches for electrolytes and inform new cell design.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H J Ellison
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Clare P Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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12
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Zhang S, Li Y, Bannenberg LJ, Liu M, Ganapathy S, Wagemaker M. The lasting impact of formation cycling on the Li-ion kinetics between SEI and the Li-metal anode and its correlation with efficiency. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj8889. [PMID: 38232156 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Formation cycling is a critical process aimed at improving the performance of lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries during subsequent use. Achieving highly reversible Li-metal anodes, which would boost battery energy density, is a formidable challenge. Here, formation cycling and its impact on the subsequent cycling are largely unexplored. Through solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy experiments, we reveal the critical role of the Li-ion diffusion dynamics between the electrodeposited Li-metal (ED-Li) and the as-formed solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The most stable cycling performance is realized after formation cycling at a relatively high current density, causing an optimum in Li-ion diffusion over the Li-metal-SEI interface. We can relate this to a specific balance in the SEI chemistry, explaining the lasting impact of formation cycling. Thereby, this work highlights the importance and opportunities of regulating initial electrochemical conditions for improving the stability and life cycle of lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- Section Storage of Electrochemical Energy, Radiation Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, Netherlands
| | - Yuhang Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Power Battery Safety and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lars J Bannenberg
- Section Storage of Electrochemical Energy, Radiation Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, Netherlands
| | - Ming Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Power Battery Safety and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Swapna Ganapathy
- Section Storage of Electrochemical Energy, Radiation Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, Netherlands
| | - Marnix Wagemaker
- Section Storage of Electrochemical Energy, Radiation Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, Netherlands
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13
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Ye W, Guo K, Zhou X, Xue Z. Facile Fabrication of Polymer Electrolytes with Branched Structure via Deep Eutectic Electrolyte-Enabled In Situ Polymerizations. ACS Macro Lett 2024:166-173. [PMID: 38236011 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The demand for higher energy density in energy storage devices drives further research on lithium metal batteries (LMBs) because of the high theoretical capacity and low voltage of lithium metal anode. Polymer electrolytes (PEs) exhibit obvious advantages in combating volatilization and leakage compared with liquid electrolytes, which improves the safety of LMBs. However, it is still difficult to construct PEs with a stable electrolyte-electrode interface for high-performance and long-term life LMBs. Herein, the gel polymer electrolyte (GPE-SL) containing deep eutectic electrolyte (DEE) and branchlike polymer skeleton are designed and prepared by the DEE-induced in situ cationic and radical polymerizations. The DEE provides a smooth Li+ migration pathway to ensure the electrochemical properties, and the multibrominated polymer matrix formed in situ enables a LiBr-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on lithium metal anode and prolongs the life span of LMBs. Hence, the Li|GPE-SL|LiFePO4 battery displays an excellent cycling stability with 84% capacity retention after 1200 cycles at 1C. This simple deep eutectic electrolyte-induced polymerization method provides a promising direction for high-performance LMBs with improved anode-electrolyte compatibility through the construction of a stable SEI layer in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Weixin Ye
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kairui Guo
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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14
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Jin C, Huang Y, Li L, Wei G, Li H, Shang Q, Ju Z, Lu G, Zheng J, Sheng O, Tao X. A corrosion inhibiting layer to tackle the irreversible lithium loss in lithium metal batteries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8269. [PMID: 38092794 PMCID: PMC10719308 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive negative electrodes like lithium (Li) suffer serious chemical and electrochemical corrosion by electrolytes during battery storage and operation, resulting in rapidly deteriorated cyclability and short lifespans of batteries. Li corrosion supposedly relates to the features of solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI). Herein, we quantitatively monitor the Li corrosion and SEI progression (e.g., dissolution, reformation) in typical electrolytes through devised electrochemical tools and cryo-electron microscopy. The continuous Li corrosion is validated to be positively correlated with SEI dissolution. More importantly, an anti-corrosion and interface-stabilizing artificial passivation layer comprising low-solubility polymer and metal fluoride is designed. Prolonged operations of Li symmetric cells and Li | |LiFePO4 cells with reduced Li corrosion by ~74% are achieved (0.66 versus 2.5 μAh h-1). The success can further be extended to ampere-hour-scale pouch cells. This work uncovers the SEI dissolution and its correlation with Li corrosion, enabling the durable operation of Li metal batteries by reducing the Li loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Jin
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yiyu Huang
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lanhang Li
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Guoying Wei
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qiyao Shang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhijin Ju
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Gongxun Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jiale Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ouwei Sheng
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Xinyong Tao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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15
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Wang M, Liang H, Wang C, Wang A, Song Y, Wang J, Wang B, Wei Y, He X, Yang Y. Can We See SEI Directly by Naked Eyes? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2306683. [PMID: 37672294 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) is the key to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, there are still many puzzles about SEI film that have not been well explained, due to the complexity of electrochemical reactions involving in SEI formation and the absence of direct observation methods for SEI. Here, this work realizes the direct observation of SEI by skillfully designed fluorescent tracers acting as an SEI film-forming additive for electrolytes. These fluorescent tracers have three important moieties: an olefin group for polymerization on anode surface so as to participate in SEI film formation during charge/discharge cycles, a polar group for Li-ion conduction, and an AIEgen for fluorescent tracing. Therefore, the tracers participate in SEI film-forming and result in a shining SEI film. This shining SEI film with intrinsic fluorescence signal allows direct observation and quantification on the distribution, relative abundance, and macro morphology of SEI. These fluorescent tracers can also reveal the SEI formation growth destruction regularity during charge/discharge cycles. Several summarized typical macro morphologies and evolution stages of SEI will enrich knowledge and understanding of SEI and help to gain insight into the interaction between electrolyte and anode, electrochemical performance, and cycle life of batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongmei Liang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- ThyssenKrupp Presta Shanghai Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Youzhi Song
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bo Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiangming He
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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16
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Zhou N, Wang Y, Cui H. Quasi-dynamic study of electrochemical properties of O3-high-Ni ternary single-crystal cathode materials with mirror symmetry: a first-principles study. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18383-18394. [PMID: 37933454 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04586b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
A total of 16 O3-type high-Ni ternary crystal structures with mirror symmetry were constructed based on the relative locations of Ni, Co, and Mn in order to design high operating voltage and high-capacity cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Transition states, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, intercalation potentials, and (spin) electronic structures are computed and simulated based on first-principles calculations. The results show that the Li ion diffusion energy barrier, in the structure of the lowest energy counterpart a'aa', is only 0.9 eV. When charged to 75% state of charge (SOC), the Li layer spacing reaches a maximum under electrostatic attraction and Coulomb repulsion forces. The operating voltage and theoretical capacity are up to 4.79 V and 275 mA h g-1, respectively. High-spin Ni2+ participates in the reduction reaction as the main substance and is eventually oxidized to low-spin Ni4+. Intermediate-spin Co3+ also participates in the reduction reaction and is oxidized to low-spin Co4+, with charge compensation provided by O atoms. Mn does not participate in the redox reaction. This study is expected to enrich the library of high-nickel ternary cathode materials and provides a certain reference for the design of (ultra)high-nickel ternary cathode materials with excellent electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naigen Zhou
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Yazhou Wang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Hong Cui
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
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17
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Liu L, Wang J. Overcoming Copper Substrate Thermodynamic Limitations in Anode-Free Lithium Pouch Cells via In Situ Seed Implantation. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10251-10258. [PMID: 37781986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) exhibit enhanced energy density and cost-effective manufacturing, albeit constrained by short lifespans due to inhomogeneous lithium nucleation and growth on the inherently lithiophobic Cu current collector. Although numerous attempts at Cu surface modifications aim to mitigate this thermodynamic limitation, they often result in substantial irreversible capacity loss and/or lack the stability required for practical applications. Here, we present an in situ seed implantation (ISI) strategy to address the aforementioned challenge. A 36 s ISI treatment created an ultrathin lithium metal layer, composed of uniform lithium nuclei with ∼100 nm in diameter, equating to 0.05 mAh cm-2, on the Cu substrate. This approach facilitates dense lithium deposition during cycles, effectively doubling the lifespan of an Ah-level 437 Wh kg-1 AFLMB. Our ISI strategy offers a straightforward and efficient solution that maintains battery energy density and manufacturing cost effectiveness, and its application extends beyond lithium metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
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18
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Tao M, Chen X, Lin H, Jin Y, Shan P, Zhao D, Gao M, Liang Z, Yang Y. Clarifying the Temperature-Dependent Lithium Deposition/Stripping Process and the Evolution of Inactive Li in Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37972379 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The deposition/stripping behavior of lithium metal is intriguing, and the associated formation of inactive lithium at various temperatures remains elusive, which hinders the practical application of lithium metal batteries. Here, utilizing the variable-temperature operando solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS NMR) technique, we reveal the temperature effects on the lithium microstructure evolution in a carbonate-based electrolyte system. In addition, the mass spectrometry titration (MST) method is used to quantify the evolution of inactive lithium components, including dead lithium, solid electrolyte interface (SEI), and lithium hydride (LiH). Combined SS NMR and MST results show that the morphology of lithium metal is reasonably correlated to the amount of inactive Li formed. At low/ambient temperature, the lithium microstructure has a similar evolution pattern, and its poor morphology leads to a large amount of dead lithium, which dominates capacity loss; however, at high temperature large and dense lithium deposits form with less dead Li detected, and the intensified electrolyte consumption in SEI formation is the major cause for capacity loss. Our phase-field simulation results reveal that the compact lithium deposition formed at higher temperature is due to the more uniformly distributed electric field and Li+ concentration. Lastly, two strategies in forming a dense Li deposit are proposed and tested that show performance-enhancing results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Peizhao Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Danhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingbin Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Lower-Carbon Catalysis Technology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziteng Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
- School of Energy Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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19
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Zhang C, Yang Y, Liu X, Mao M, Li K, Li Q, Zhang G, Wang C. Mobile energy storage technologies for boosting carbon neutrality. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100518. [PMID: 37841885 PMCID: PMC10568306 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon neutrality calls for renewable energies, and the efficient use of renewable energies requires energy storage mediums that enable the storage of excess energy and reuse after spatiotemporal reallocation. Compared with traditional energy storage technologies, mobile energy storage technologies have the merits of low cost and high energy conversion efficiency, can be flexibly located, and cover a large range from miniature to large systems and from high energy density to high power density, although most of them still face challenges or technical bottlenecks. In this review, we provide an overview of the opportunities and challenges of these emerging energy storage technologies (including rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, and electrochemical and dielectric capacitors). Innovative materials, strategies, and technologies are highlighted. Finally, the future directions are envisioned. We hope this review will advance the development of mobile energy storage technologies and boost carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Minglei Mao
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kanghua Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangzu Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chengliang Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Wenzhou Advanced Manufacturing Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325035, China
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20
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Park K, Lee M, Song J, Ha AR, Ha S, Jo S, Song J, Choi SH, Kim W, Ryu K, Nam J, Lee KT. Operando Spatial Pressure Mapping Analysis for Prototype Lithium Metal Pouch Cells Under Practical Conditions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304979. [PMID: 37811768 PMCID: PMC10667808 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and diagnosing the battery status in real-time are of utmost importance for clarifying failure mechanism, improving battery performance, and ensuring safety, particularly under fast charging conditions. Recently, advanced operando techniques have been developed to observe changes in the microstructures of lithium deposits using laboratory-scale cell designs, focusing on understanding the nature of Li metal electrodes. However, the macroscopic spatial inhomogeneity of lithium electroplating/stripping in the prototype pressurized pouch cells has not been measured in real-time under practical conditions. Herein, a new noninvasive operando technique, spatial pressure mapping analysis, is introduced to macroscopically and quantitatively measure spatial pressure changes in a pressurized pouch cell during cycling. Moreover, dynamic spatial changes in the macroscopic morphology of the lithium metal electrode are theoretically visualized by combining operando pressure mapping data with mechanical analyses of cell components. Additionally, under fast charging conditions, the direct correlation between abrupt capacity fading and sudden increases in spatial pressure distribution inhomogeneity is demonstrated through comparative analysis of pouch cells under various external pressures, electrolyte species, and electrolyte weight to cell capacity (e/c) ratios. This operando technique provides insights for assessing the current battery status and understanding the complex origin of cell degradation behavior in pressurized pouch cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyobin Park
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Myungjae Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Jongchan Song
- Hyundai Motor Company37 Cheoldobangmulgwan‐roUiwang‐siGyeonggi‐do16082Republic of Korea
| | - A. Reum Ha
- Hyundai Motor Company37 Cheoldobangmulgwan‐roUiwang‐siGyeonggi‐do16082Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Ha
- Hyundai Motor Company37 Cheoldobangmulgwan‐roUiwang‐siGyeonggi‐do16082Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyeon Jo
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeop Song
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Wonkeun Kim
- Hyundai Motor Company37 Cheoldobangmulgwan‐roUiwang‐siGyeonggi‐do16082Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghan Ryu
- Hyundai Motor Company37 Cheoldobangmulgwan‐roUiwang‐siGyeonggi‐do16082Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewook Nam
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Tae Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
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21
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Aktekin B, Riegger LM, Otto SK, Fuchs T, Henss A, Janek J. SEI growth on Lithium metal anodes in solid-state batteries quantified with coulometric titration time analysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6946. [PMID: 37907471 PMCID: PMC10618476 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium-metal batteries with a solid electrolyte separator are promising for advanced battery applications, however, most electrolytes show parasitic side reactions at the low potential of lithium metal. Therefore, it is essential to understand how much (and how fast) charge is consumed in these parasitic reactions. In this study, a new electrochemical method is presented for the characterization of electrolyte side reactions occurring on active metal electrode surfaces. The viability of this new method is demonstrated in a so-called anode-free stainless steel ∣ Li6PS5Cl ∣ Li cell. The method also holds promise for investigating dendritic lithium growth (and dead lithium formation), as well as for analyzing various electrolytes and current collectors. The experimental setup allows easy electrode removal for post-mortem analysis, and the SEI's heterogeneous/layered microstructure is revealed through complementary analytical techniques. We expect this method to become a valuable tool in the future for solid-state lithium metal batteries and potentially other cell chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Aktekin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry & Center for Materials Research, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Luise M Riegger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry & Center for Materials Research, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Svenja-K Otto
- Institute of Physical Chemistry & Center for Materials Research, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Till Fuchs
- Institute of Physical Chemistry & Center for Materials Research, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Henss
- Institute of Physical Chemistry & Center for Materials Research, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry & Center for Materials Research, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392, Giessen, Germany.
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22
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Liu F, Xiang T, Xue J, Jia S, Yan J, Huo H, Zhou J, Li L. Construction of 3D lithium metal anode using bi-functional composite separator: a new approach for lithium battery. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30086-30091. [PMID: 37842666 PMCID: PMC10571094 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing use of Li batteries for storage, their safety issues and energy densities are attracting considerable attention. The Li metal battery (LMB) with limited capacity in the Li metal anode is one of ideal high energy-density systems due to eliminating the use of traditional anode, elevating the energy density of battery and reducing production costs. However, the side reactions between the electrolyte and metallic Li and the irreversible loss of lithium resources caused by the generation of "dead Li" will directly lead to the loss of battery capacity during the cycling process. Therefore, the cycle life of the LMB with limited capacity in the Li metal anode faces significant challenges. Herein, a bi-functional manganese oxide (MnO)/polypropylene/Li1+xAlxTi2-x(PO4)3 (LATP) composite separator is designed to construct a stable three dimensional (3D) Li metal in the surface of Cu foil for LMB. The MnO can dissolve in electrolytes with low concentration, which can be reduced to produce Mn and Li2O, functioning as nucleating seeds to induce sheet-like Li deposition. The sustainably released MnO also involves in the formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, which can be repaired promptly once damaged by the volume expansion of Li. The LATP coating layer is in situ transferred onto the sheet-like Li, acting as an artificial SEI layer for further protection. The constructed 3D Li metal anode with limited capacity shows improved cycle stability in LiFePO4 cell, which shows a capacity retention of 94.5% after 150 cycles. Our strategy, constructing stable 3D Li metal anode with bi-functional composite separator, will bring a new inspiration for developing high energy density LMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengquan Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Tianqi Xiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Jinxin Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Sixin Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Hong Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
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23
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Huang YK, Chen H, Nyholm L. Influence of Lithium Diffusion into Copper Current Collectors on Lithium Electrodeposition in Anode-Free Lithium-Metal Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2306829. [PMID: 37661360 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of "anode-free" lithium-metal batteries with high energy densities is, at present, mainly limited by the poor control of the nucleation of lithium directly on the copper current collector, especially in conventional carbonate electrolytes. It is therefore essential to improve the understanding of the lithium nucleation process and its interactions with the copper substrate. In this study, it is shown that diffusion of lithium into the copper substrate, most likely via the grain boundaries, can significantly influence the nucleation process. Such diffusion makes it more difficult to obtain a great number of homogeneously distributed lithium nuclei on the copper surface and thus leads to inhomogeneous electrodeposition. It is, however, demonstrated that the nucleation of lithium on copper is significantly improved if an initial chemical prelithiation of the copper surface is performed. This prelithiation saturates the copper surface with lithium and hence decreases the influence of lithium diffusion via the grain boundaries. In this way, the lithium nucleation can be made to take place more homogenously, especially when a short potentiostatic nucleation pulse that can generate a large number of nuclei on the surface of the copper substrate is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Huang
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, Uppsala, SE-751 21, Sweden
| | - Heyin Chen
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, Uppsala, SE-751 21, Sweden
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, Uppsala, SE-751 21, Sweden
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24
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Xu W, Lang S, Wang K, Zeng R, Li H, Feng X, Krumov MR, Bak SM, Pollock CJ, Yeo J, Du Y, Abruña HD. Fundamental mechanistic insights into the catalytic reactions of Li─S redox by Co single-atom electrocatalysts via operando methods. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5108. [PMID: 37585528 PMCID: PMC10431713 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur batteries represent an attractive option for energy storage applications. A deeper understanding of the multistep lithium-sulfur reactions and the electrocatalytic mechanisms are required to develop advanced, high-performance batteries. We have systematically investigated the lithium-sulfur redox processes catalyzed by a cobalt single-atom electrocatalyst (Co-SAs/NC) via operando confocal Raman microscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The real-time observations, based on potentiostatic measurements, indicate that Co-SAs/NC efficiently accelerates the lithium-sulfur reduction/oxidation reactions, which display zero-order kinetics. Under galvanostatic discharge conditions, the typical stepwise mechanism of long-chain and intermediate-chain polysulfides is transformed to a concurrent pathway under electrocatalysis. In addition, operando cobalt K-edge XAS studies elucidate the potential-dependent evolution of cobalt's oxidation state and the formation of cobalt-sulfur bonds. Our work provides fundamental insights into the mechanisms of catalyzed lithium-sulfur reactions via operando methods, enabling a deeper understanding of electrocatalysis and interfacial dynamics in electrical energy storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shuangyan Lang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kaiyang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Huiqi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xinran Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mihail R. Krumov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Seong-Min Bak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher J. Pollock
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Wilson Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jingjie Yeo
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yonghua Du
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Héctor D. Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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25
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Shan P, Chen J, Tao M, Zhao D, Lin H, Fu R, Yang Y. The applications of solid-state NMR and MRI techniques in the study of rechargeable sodium-ion batteries. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 353:107516. [PMID: 37418780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop new electrode and electrolyte materials for advanced sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), it is crucial to understand a number of fundamental issues. These include the compositions of the bulk and interface, the structures of the materials used, and the electrochemical reactions in the batteries. Solid-state NMR (SS-NMR) has unique advantages in characterizing the local or microstructure of solid electrode/electrolyte materials and their interfaces-one such advantage is that these are determined in a noninvasive and nondestructive manner at the atomic level. In this review, we provide a survey of the recent advances in the understanding of the fundamental issues of SIBs using advanced NMR techniques. First, we summarize the applications of SS-NMR in characterizing electrode material structures and solid electrolyte interfaces (SEI). In particular, we elucidate the key role of in-situ NMR/MRI in revealing the complex reactions and degradation mechanisms of SIBs. Next, the characteristics and shortcomings of SS-NMR and MRI techniques in SIBs are also discussed in comparison to similar Li-ion batteries. Finally, an overview of SS-NMR and MRI techniques for sodium batteries are briefly discussed and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhao Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Junning Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Mingming Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Danhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Hongxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Riqiang Fu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
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26
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Zhao T, Bell NL, Chisholm G, Kandasamy B, Long DL, Cronin L. Aqueous solutions of super reduced polyoxotungstates as electron storage systems. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2023; 16:2603-2610. [PMID: 37323468 PMCID: PMC10265398 DOI: 10.1039/d3ee00569k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing energy density demands of battery technology, it is vital to develop electrolytes with high electron storage capacity. Polyoxometalate (POM) clusters can act as electron sponges, storing and releasing multiple electrons and have potential as electron storage electrolytes for flow batteries. Despite this rational design of clusters for high storage ability can not yet be achieved as little is known about the features influencing storage ability. Here we report that the large POM clusters, {P5W30} and {P8W48}, can store up to 23 e- and 28 e- per cluster in acidic aqueous solution, respectively. Our investigations reveal key structural and speciation factors influencing the improved behaviour of these POMs over those previously reported (P2W18). We show, using NMR and MS, that for these polyoxotungstates hydrolysis equilibria for the different tungstate salts is key to explaining unexpected storage trends while the performance limit for {P5W30} and {P8W48}, can be attributed to unavoidable hydrogen generation, evidenced by GC. NMR spectroscopy, in combination with the MS analysis, provided experimental evidence for a cation/proton exchange process during the reduction/reoxidation process of {P5W30} which likely occurs due to this hydrogen generation. Our study offers a deeper understanding of the factors affecting the electron storage ability of POMs and provides insights allowing for further development of these materials for energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Nicola L Bell
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Greig Chisholm
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | | | - De-Liang Long
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Leroy Cronin
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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27
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Werres M, Xu Y, Jia H, Wang C, Xu W, Latz A, Horstmann B. Origin of Heterogeneous Stripping of Lithium in Liquid Electrolytes. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37257070 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries suffer from low cycle life. During discharge, parts of the lithium are not stripped reversibly and remain isolated from the current collector. This isolated lithium is trapped in the insulating remaining solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) shell and contributes to the capacity loss. However, a fundamental understanding of why isolated lithium forms and how it can be mitigated is lacking. In this article, we perform a combined theoretical and experimental study to understand isolated lithium formation during stripping. We derive a thermodynamic consistent model of lithium dissolution and find that the interaction between lithium and SEI leads to locally preferred stripping and isolated lithium formation. Based on a cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo TEM) setup, we reveal that these local effects are particularly pronounced at kinks of lithium whiskers. We find that lithium stripping can be heterogeneous both on a nanoscale and on a larger scale. Cryo TEM observations confirm our theoretical prediction that isolated lithium occurs less at higher stripping current densities. The origin of isolated lithium lies in local effects, such as heterogeneous SEI, stress fields, or the geometric shape of the deposits. We conclude that in order to mitigate isolated lithium, a uniform lithium morphology during plating and a homogeneous SEI are indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Werres
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wilhelm-Runge-Str. 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yaobin Xu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Hao Jia
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Wu Xu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Arnulf Latz
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wilhelm-Runge-Str. 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Electrochemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Birger Horstmann
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wilhelm-Runge-Str. 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Electrochemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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28
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Song L, Ning D, Chai Y, Ma M, Zhang G, Wang A, Su H, Hao D, Zhu M, Zhang J, Zhou D, Wang J, Li Y. Correlating Solid Electrolyte Interphase Composition with Dendrite-Free and Long Life-Span Lithium Metal Batteries via Advanced Characterizations and Simulations. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300168. [PMID: 37148175 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal anode attracts great attention because of its high specific capacity and low redox potential. However, the uncontrolled dendrite growth and its infinite volume expansion during cycling are extremely detrimental to the practical application. The formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a decisive role in the behavior of lithium deposition/dissolution during electrochemical processing. Clarifying the essential relationship between SEI and battery performance is a priority. Research in SEI is accelerated in recent years by the use of advanced simulation tools and characterization techniques. The chemical composition and micromorphology of SEIs with various electrolytes are analyzed to clarify the effects of SEI on the Coulombic efficiency and cycle life. In this review, the recent research progress focused on the composition and structure of SEI is summarized, and various advanced characterization techniques applied to the investigation of SEI are discussed. The comparisons of the representative experimental results and theoretical models of SEI in lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are exhibited, and the underneath mechanisms of interaction between SEI and the electrochemical properties of the cell are highlighted. This work offers new insights into the development of safe LMBs with higher energy density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjian Song
- Institute for Clean Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - De Ning
- Centre for Photonics Information and Energy Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yan Chai
- Institute for Clean Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Muyu Ma
- Institute for Clean Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Gaoyuan Zhang
- Institute for Clean Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Anzhe Wang
- Institute for Clean Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hai Su
- Institute for Clean Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Dingbang Hao
- Institute for Clean Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Mingdong Zhu
- Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Centre for Photonics Information and Energy Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Science Facilities, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yongli Li
- Institute for Clean Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
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29
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Wang Y, Wang T, Bu S, Zhu J, Wang Y, Zhang R, Hong H, Zhang W, Fan J, Zhi C. Sulfolane-containing aqueous electrolyte solutions for producing efficient ampere-hour-level zinc metal battery pouch cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1828. [PMID: 37005392 PMCID: PMC10067964 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aqueous zinc metal batteries are appealing candidates for grid energy storage. However, the inadequate electrochemical reversibility of the zinc metal negative electrode inhibits the battery performance at the large-scale cell level. Here, we develop practical ampere-hour-scale aqueous Zn metal battery pouch cells by engineering the electrolyte solution. After identifying the proton reduction as the primary source of H2 evolution during Zn metal electrodeposition, we design an electrolyte solution containing reverse micelle structures where sulfolane molecules constrain water in nanodomains to hinder proton reduction. Furthermore, we develop and validate an electrochemical testing protocol to comprehensively evaluate the cell's coulombic efficiency and zinc metal electrode cycle life. Finally, using the reverse micelle electrolyte, we assemble and test a practical ampere-hour Zn||Zn0.25V2O5•nH2O multi-layer pouch cell capable of delivering an initial energy density of 70 Wh L-1 (based on the volume of the cell components), capacity retention of about 80% after 390 cycles at 56 mA g-1cathode and ~25 °C and prolonged cycling for 5 months at 56 mA g-1cathode and ~25 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong SAR, Shatin, N. T, 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Tairan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Shuyu Bu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Jiaxiong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Hu Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, 999077, China.
| | - Chunyi Zhi
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong SAR, Shatin, N. T, 999077, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, 999077, China.
- Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China.
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China.
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30
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Li Z, Bao Q, Liu C, Li Y, Yang Y, Liu M. Recent advances in microfluidics-based bioNMR analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1213-1225. [PMID: 36651305 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been used in a variety of fields due to its powerful analytical capability. To facilitate biochemical NMR (bioNMR) analysis for samples with a limited mass, a number of integrated systems have been developed by coupling microfluidics and NMR. However, there are few review papers that summarize the recent advances in the development of microfluidics-based NMR (μNMR) systems. Herein, we review the advancements in μNMR systems built on high-field commercial instruments and low-field compact platforms. Specifically, μNMR platforms with three types of typical microcoils settled in the high-field NMR instruments will be discussed, followed by summarizing compact NMR systems and their applications in biomedical point-of-care testing. Finally, a conclusion and future prospects in the field of μNMR were given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Qingjia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Yunhuang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Maili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
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31
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Abstract
High-entropy alloys/compounds have large configurational entropy by introducing multiple components, showing improved functional properties that exceed those of conventional materials. However, how increasing entropy impacts the thermodynamic/kinetic properties in liquids that are ambiguous. Here we show this strategy in liquid electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries, demonstrating the substantial impact of raising the entropy of electrolytes by introducing multiple salts. Unlike all liquid electrolytes so far reported, the participation of several anionic groups in this electrolyte induces a larger diversity in solvation structures, unexpectedly decreasing solvation strengths between lithium ions and solvents/anions, facilitating lithium-ion diffusivity and the formation of stable interphase passivation layers. In comparison to the single-salt electrolytes, a low-concentration dimethyl ether electrolyte with four salts shows an enhanced cycling stability and rate capability. These findings, rationalized by the fundamental relationship between entropy-dominated solvation structures and ion transport, bring forward high-entropy electrolytes as a composition-rich and unexplored space for lithium batteries and beyond.
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32
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Understanding the failure process of sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries via operando nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:259. [PMID: 36650152 PMCID: PMC9845218 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) is affected by the presence of electrochemically inactive (i.e., electronically and/or ionically disconnected) lithium metal and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which are jointly termed inactive lithium. However, the differentiation and quantification of inactive lithium during cycling are challenging, and their lack limits the fundamental understanding of SSLMBs failure mechanisms. To shed some light on these crucial aspects, here, we propose operando nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measurements for real-time quantification and evolution-tracking of inactive lithium formed in SSLMBs. In particular, we examine four different sulfide-based solid electrolytes, namely, Li10GeP2S12, Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3, Li6PS5Cl and Li7P3S11. We found that the chemistry of the solid electrolyte influences the activity of lithium. Furthermore, we demonstrate that electronically disconnected lithium metal is mainly found in the interior of solid electrolytes, and ionically disconnected lithium metal is found at the negative electrode surface. Moreover, by monitoring the Li NMR signal during cell calendar ageing, we prove the faster corrosion rate of mossy/dendritic lithium than flat/homogeneous lithium in SSLMBs.
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Jo Y, Jin D, Lim M, Lee H, An H, Seo J, Kim G, Ren X, Lee YM, Lee H. Structural and Chemical Evolutions of Li/Electrolyte Interfaces in Li-Metal Batteries: Tracing Compositional Changes of Electrolytes under Practical Conditions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204812. [PMID: 36398609 PMCID: PMC9839847 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the promises in high-energy-density batteries, Li-metal anodes (LMAs) have suffered from extensive electrolyte decomposition and unlimited volume expansion owing to thick, porous layer buildup during cycling. It mainly originates from a ceaseless reiteration of the formation and collapse of solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). This study reveals the structural and chemical evolutions of the reacted Li layer after different cycles and investigates its detrimental effects on the cycling stability under practical conditions. Instead of the immediately deactivated top surface of the reacted Li layer, the chemical nature underneath the reacted Li layer can be an important indicator of the electrolyte compositional changes. It is found that cycling of LMAs with a lean electrolyte (≈3 g Ah-1 ) causes fast depletion of salt anions, leading to the dynamic evolution of the reacted Li layer structure and composition. Increasing the salt-solvent complex while reducing the non-solvating diluent retards the rate of depletion in a localized high-concentration electrolyte, thereby demonstrating prolonged cycling of Li||NMC622 cells without compromising the Li Coulombic efficiencies and high-voltage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngseong Jo
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Dahee Jin
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Minhong Lim
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuntae Lee
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongguk An
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Seo
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Gunyoung Kim
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaodi Ren
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Yong Min Lee
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
- Energy Science and Engineering Research CenterDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Hongkyung Lee
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
- Energy Science and Engineering Research CenterDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
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Wang Q, Zhao C, Wang S, Wang J, Liu M, Ganapathy S, Bai X, Li B, Wagemaker M. Clarifying the Relationship between the Lithium Deposition Coverage and Microstructure in Lithium Metal Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21961-21971. [PMID: 36416753 PMCID: PMC9732870 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Improving the reversibility of lithium metal batteries is one of the challenges in current battery research. This requires better fundamental understanding of the evolution of the lithium deposition morphology, which is very complex due to the various parameters involved in different systems. Here, we clarify the fundamental origins of lithium deposition coverage in achieving highly reversible and compact lithium deposits, providing a comprehensive picture in the relationship between the lithium microstructure and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for lithium metal batteries. Systematic variation of the salt concentration offers a framework that brings forward the different aspects that play a role in cycling reversibility. Higher nucleation densities are formed in lower concentration electrolytes, which have the advantage of higher lithium deposition coverage; however, it goes along with the formation of an organic-rich instable SEI which is unfavorable for the reversibility during (dis)charging. On the other hand, the growth of large deposits benefiting from the formation of an inorganic-rich stable SEI is observed in higher concentration electrolytes, but the initial small nucleation density prevents full coverage of the current collector, thus compromising the plated lithium metal density. Taking advantages of the paradox, a nanostructured substrate is rationally applied, which increases the nucleation density realizing a higher deposition coverage and thus more compact plating at intermediate concentration (∼1.0 M) electrolytes, leading to extended reversible cycling of batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Wang
- Department
of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft
University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, Delft2629JB, The Netherlands
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Department
of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft
University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, Delft2629JB, The Netherlands,
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory on Power Battery Safety and Shenzhen Geim Graphene
Center, School of Shenzhen International Graduate, Tsinghua University, Guangdong518055, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory for Surface Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department
of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft
University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, Delft2629JB, The Netherlands
| | - Swapna Ganapathy
- Department
of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft
University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, Delft2629JB, The Netherlands
| | - Xuedong Bai
- State
Key Laboratory for Surface Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Baohua Li
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory on Power Battery Safety and Shenzhen Geim Graphene
Center, School of Shenzhen International Graduate, Tsinghua University, Guangdong518055, China,
| | - Marnix Wagemaker
- Department
of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft
University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, Delft2629JB, The Netherlands,
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35
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for interfaces in rechargeable batteries. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Qian L, Zheng Y, Or T, Park HW, Gao R, Park M, Ma Q, Luo D, Yu A, Chen Z. Advanced Material Engineering to Tailor Nucleation and Growth towards Uniform Deposition for Anode-Less Lithium Metal Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205233. [PMID: 36319473 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anode-less lithium metal batteries (ALMBs), whether employing liquid or solid electrolytes, have significant advantages such as lowered costs and increased energy density over lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Among many issues, dendrite growth and non-uniform plating which results in poor coulombic efficiency are the key issues that viciously decrease the longevity of the ALMBs. As a result, lowering the nucleation barrier and facilitating lithium growth towards uniform plating is even more critical in ALMBs. While extensive reviews have focused to describe strategies to achieve high performance in LMBs and ALMBs, this review focuses on strategies designed to directly facilitate nucleation and growth of dendrite-free ALMBs. The review begins with a discussion of the primary components of ALMBs, followed by a brief theoretical analysis of the nucleation and growth mechanism for ALMBs. The review then emphasizes key examples for each strategy in order to highlight the mechanisms and rationale that facilitate lithium plating. By comparing the structure and mechanisms of key materials, the review discusses their benefits and drawbacks. Finally, major trends and key findings are summarized, as well as an outlook on the scientific and economic gaps in ALMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanting Qian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yun Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Tyler Or
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hey Woong Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Moon Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Qianyi Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Aiping Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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37
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Mao J, Li G, Saqib M, Xu J, Hao R. Super-resolved dynamics of isolated zinc formation during extremely fast electrochemical deposition/dissolution processes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12782-12790. [PMID: 36519049 PMCID: PMC9645385 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04877a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of zinc-air batteries with high-rate capability and long lifespan is critically important for their practical use, especially in smart grid and electric vehicle application. The formation of isolated zinc (i-Zn) on the zinc anode surface, however, could easily lead to deteriorated performance, such as rapid capacity decay. In particular, under the fast charging/discharging conditions, the electrochemical activities on the anode surface are complicated and severely suppressed. Thus, it is highly desirable to deeply understand the formation mechanism of i-Zn and its relationship with the electrochemical performance during extremely high-rate cycling. Herein, we employed a super-resolution dark-field microscope to in situ analyze the evolution dynamics of the electrolyte-Zn interface during the extremely fast electrochemical deposition/dissolution processes. The unique phenomenon of nanoscopic i-Zn generation under the condition is unveiled. We discovered that the rapid conversion of nanoscopic i-Zn fragments into passivated products could greatly exacerbate the concentration polarization process and increase the overpotential. In addition, the role of large-sized i-Zn fragments in reducing the coulombic efficiency is further elucidated. This information could aid the rational design of highly effective anodes for extremely high-rate zinc-based batteries and other battery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Guopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Jiantie Xu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Rui Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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38
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Geng F, Lu G, Liao Y, Shen M, Hu B. Quantitative and space-resolved in situ 1D EPR imaging for the detection of metallic lithium deposits. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:174203. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0125080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to monitor lithium deposition on the anodes in real time is becoming progressively more important due to the development of advanced anode technology. Given the fact that the detrimental Li deposits are always on the micron scale, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) happens to be a very effective and selective detection technology due to the skin effect. Here, quantitative in situ 1D EPR imaging is carried out with a magnetic field gradient to achieve a one-dimensional spatial resolution along the Li growth direction in a capillary cell. The quantification of Li deposits is carefully calibrated using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl standard, and a processing method is presented to correct the double integration of the Dysonian line from the metallic Li. The Li deposition processes are compared in two different electrolytes. For the electrolyte containing fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive, the fitting results of Dysonian lines suggest that the plated Li has a larger dimension of the microstructure and the stripping proceeds more uniformly. It thus accounts for the higher Coulombic efficiency in the electrolyte with FEC. In situ EPR imaging also suggests that the Sand’s capacity varies with the electrolytes. The forced growth of dendritic Li is carried out at a very large current density using a derivative operando EPR method to monitor the growth locus of the Li dendrites, indicating a tip-growing mechanism. This work can be instructive for those who are engaged in the study of electro-deposited lithium using in situ EPR imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushan Geng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhong Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingwen Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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39
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Guo Q, Yu Y, Xia S, Shen C, Hu D, Deng W, Dong D, Zhou X, Chen GZ, Liu Z. CNT/PVDF Composite Coating Layer on Cu with a Synergy of Uniform Current Distribution and Stress Releasing for Improving Reversible Li Plating/Stripping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46043-46055. [PMID: 36174108 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The uncontrollable formation of polymorphous Li deposits, e.g., whiskers, mosses, or dendrites resulting from nonuniform interfacial current distribution and internal stress release in the upward direction on the conventional current collector (e.g., Cu foil) of Li metal rechargeable batteries with a lithium-metal-free negatrode (LMFRBs), leads to rapid performance degradation or serious safety problems. The 3D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) skeleton has been proven to effectively reduce the current density and eliminate the internal accumulated stress. However, remarkable electrolyte decomposition, inherent Li source consumption due to repeated SEI formation, and Li+ intercalation in CNTs limit the application of 3D CNTs skeleton. Thus, it is necessary to avoid the side effects of the 3D CNTs skeleton and retain uniform interfacial current distribution and stress mitigation. In this work, we integrate the CNTs network with a soft functional polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to form a relatively dense coating layer on Cu foil, which can shield the contact between the internal surface of the 3D CNTs framework and the electrolyte. Simultaneously, the Li-F-rich SEI resulting from the partial reduction of PVDF with deposited Li and the soft nature of the coating layer release the accumulation of internal stress in the horizontal direction, resulting in mosses/whisker-free Li deposition. Thus, improved Li deposition/dissolution and stable cycling performance of the LMFRBs can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province and Advanced Li-Ion Battery Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo 315201, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Yanan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province and Advanced Li-Ion Battery Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Shengjie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province and Advanced Li-Ion Battery Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Cai Shen
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province and Advanced Li-Ion Battery Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo 315201, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
- China Beacons Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 211 Xingguang Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
- Advanced Energy and Environmental Materials & Technologies Research Group, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province and Advanced Li-Ion Battery Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Daojie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province and Advanced Li-Ion Battery Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xufeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province and Advanced Li-Ion Battery Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo 315201, China
| | - George Zheng Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province and Advanced Li-Ion Battery Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo 315201, China
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40
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Egemonye TC, Louis H, Unimuke TO, Gber TE, Edet HO, Bassey VM, Adeyinka AS. Electronic structure theory investigation on the electrochemical properties of cyclohexanone derivatives as organic carbonyl-based cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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41
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Li Z, Yan Z, Xiao X, Liu X, Chen J, Shen Y, Sun Q, Huang Y. Operando Decoding of Surface Strain in Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries via Optical Fiber Sensor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203247. [PMID: 35863904 PMCID: PMC9475526 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
With zero excess lithium, anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) can deliver much higher energy density than that of traditional lithium metal batteries. However, AFLMBs are prone to suffer from rapid capacity loss and short life. Monitoring and analyzing the capacity decay of AFLMBs are of great importance for their future applications. It is known that the capacity fade mainly comes from the formation of solid electrolyte interphase species and dead lithium, which leads to irreversible volume expansion. Therefore, monitoring and distinguishing the irreversible volume expansion or reversible volume expansion are the key points to analyze the capacity fade of AFLMBs. Herein, an applicable technique based on optical fiber sensors to characterize and quantize the volume change of AFLMBs is developed. By attaching fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors onto the surface of the multilayered anode-free pouch cells, the strain evolution of the cells is successfully monitored and correlated with their electrochemical properties. It is found that the decline of surface strain fluctuation amplitude caused by the loss of active lithium is the leading indicator of battery failure. The proposed sensing technique has excellent multiplexing capability that can be considered as an elementary unit for capacity fade analysis in next-generation battery management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Li
- School of Optical and Electronic InformationNational Engineering Research Center of Next Generation Internet Access‐systemWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Zhijun Yan
- School of Optical and Electronic InformationNational Engineering Research Center of Next Generation Internet Access‐systemWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Xiangpeng Xiao
- School of Optical and Electronic InformationNational Engineering Research Center of Next Generation Internet Access‐systemWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Xueting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Yue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Qizhen Sun
- School of Optical and Electronic InformationNational Engineering Research Center of Next Generation Internet Access‐systemWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Yunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
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42
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Zhang X, Sun C. Recent advances in dendrite-free lithium metal anodes for high-performance batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19996-20011. [PMID: 35983860 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the merits of high energy density, light weight, and low electrode potential, lithium metal anodes (LMAs) have lately sparked worldwide attention in the field of batteries. However, their low Coulombic efficiency, tremendous volume expansion, and serious dendrite growth make lithium metal batteries (LMBs) unsuitable for a wide variety of applications. Moreover, when lithium dendrite crosses the electrolyte and reaches the cathode material, it may cause short circuit and safety issues for batteries. Herein, to accelerate the development of LMBs, we give a brief summary of the dendrite growth mechanisms in both liquid and solid systems of electrolytes. In particular, various modification approaches to dendrite-free lithium metal batteries are discussed. Furthermore, advanced in situ characterization techniques for the real-time observation of lithium dendrite growth are presented. To address the application issues, various potential research routes for improving the performance of LMBs are provided as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Chunwen Sun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
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43
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Understanding the lithium-sulfur battery redox reactions via operando confocal Raman microscopy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4811. [PMID: 35973986 PMCID: PMC9381601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex interplay and only partial understanding of the multi-step phase transitions and reaction kinetics of redox processes in lithium–sulfur batteries are the main stumbling blocks that hinder the advancement and broad deployment of this electrochemical energy storage system. To better understand these aspects, here we report operando confocal Raman microscopy measurements to investigate the reaction kinetics of Li–S redox processes and provide mechanistic insights into polysulfide generation/evolution and sulfur deposition. Operando visualization and quantification of the reactants and intermediates enabled the characterization of potential-dependent rates during Li–S redox and the linking of the electronic conductivity of the sulfur-based electrode and concentrations of polysulfides to the cell performance. We also report the visualization of the interfacial evolution and diffusion processes of different polysulfides that demonstrate stepwise discharge and parallel recharge mechanisms during cell operation. These results provide fundamental insights into the mechanisms and kinetics of Li–S redox reactions. The complex redox processes in lithium–sulfur batteries are not yet fully understood at the fundamental level. Here, the authors report operando confocal Raman microscopy measurements to provide mechanistic insights into polysulfide evolution and sulfur deposition during battery cycling.
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44
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Raval P, Trébosc J, Pawlak T, Nishiyama Y, Brown SP, Manjunatha Reddy GN. Combining heteronuclear correlation NMR with spin-diffusion to detect relayed Cl-H-H and N-H-H proximities in molecular solids. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2022; 120:101808. [PMID: 35780556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of short-to-intermediate range intermolecular interactions offers a great way of characterizing the solid-state organization of small molecules and materials. This can be achieved by two-dimensional (2D) homo- and heteronuclear correlation NMR spectroscopy, for example, by carrying out experiments at high magnetic fields in conjunction with fast magic-angle spinning (MAS) techniques. But, detecting 2D peaks for heteronuclear dipolar coupled spin pairs separated by greater than 3 Å is not always straightforward, particularly when low-gamma quadrupolar nuclei are involved. Here, we present a 2D correlation NMR experiment that combines the advantages of heteronuclear-multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) and proton-based spin-diffusion (SD) pulse sequences using radio-frequency-driven-recouping (RFDR) to probe inter and intramolecular 1H-X (X = 14N, 35Cl) interactions. This experiment can be used to acquire 2D 1H{X}-HMQC filtered 1H-1H correlation as well as 2D 1H-X HMQC spectra. Powder forms of dopamine·HCl and l-histidine·HCl·H2O are characterized at high fields (21.1 T and 18.8 T) with fast MAS (60 kHz) using the 2D HMQC-SD-RFDR approach. Solid-state NMR results are complemented with NMR crystallography analyses using the gauge-including projector augmented wave (GIPAW) approach. For histidine·HCl·H2O, 2D peaks associated with 14N-1H-1H and 35Cl-1H-1H distances of up to 4.4 and 3.9 Å have been detected. This is further corroborated by the observation of 2D peaks corresponding to 14N-1H-1H and 35Cl-1H-1H distances of up to 4.2 and 3.7 Å in dopamine·HCl, indicating the suitability of the HMQC-SD-RFDR experiments for detecting medium-range proximities in molecular solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Raval
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Julien Trébosc
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, FR 2638 - IMEC - Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul, F, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Tomasz Pawlak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Centre, RIKEN, Yokohama Campus, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; JEOL RESONANCE Inc., Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8558, Japan
| | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - G N Manjunatha Reddy
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F, 59000, Lille, France.
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45
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Zhou M, Feng C, Xiong R, Li L, Huang T, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhou H. Molecular Insights into the Structure and Property Variation of the Pressure-Induced Solid Electrolyte Interphase on a Lithium Metal Anode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24875-24885. [PMID: 35500233 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is regarded as the key to developing stable and long-cycling lithium metal batteries (LMBs). The inevitable stress caused by the Li-metal anode expansion/contraction and the battery encapsulation is crucial to the SEI growth and properties. Herein, we perform reactive force field (ReaxFF) molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structure and property variation of the pressure-induced SEI. The pressure boosts the SEI structure delamination and reduces the porosity based on the quantitative analysis of the charge spectrum and porous structure, which contributes to the formation of a thin and dense SEI. Meanwhile, the phase diagram combined with the pressure and salt concentration effects is established to obtain the proper trade-off between SEI mechanical and transport properties, demonstrating that the Li+ diffusion coefficients of the pressure-induced SEI can be improved by the high salt concentration when Young's modulus increases at the same time. The findings not only provide molecular insights into the SEI structure variation but also offer guidance and directions for optimizing the pressure-induced SEI property toward high-performance LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chen Feng
- China Development Bank Corporation Hubei Branch, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruoyu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Longhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tianlun Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mordern Control Technology, Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510075, China
| | - Maoyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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46
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Wang H, Wu L, Xue B, Wang F, Luo Z, Zhang X, Calvez L, Fan P, Fan B. Improving Cycling Stability of the Lithium Anode by a Spin-Coated High-Purity Li 3PS 4 Artificial SEI Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15214-15224. [PMID: 35316015 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c25224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the composition and microstructure of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is critical to improving the cycling stability of the high-energy-density lithium-metal electrode. It is a quite tricky task to control the properties of the SEI layer which is conventionally formed by the chemical reactions between a Li metal and the additives. Herein, we develop a new route to synthesize a lithium-compatible sol of the sulfide electrolyte Li3PS4, so that a Li3PS4 artificial SEI layer with a controllable nanoscale thickness and high phase purity can be prepared by spin-coating. The layer stabilizes the lithium/electrolyte interface by homogenizing the Li-ion flux, preventing the parasitic reactions, and alleviating concentration polarization. Consequently, a symmetrical cell with the Li3PS4-modified lithium electrodes can achieve stable lithium plating/stripping for 800 h at a current density of 1 mA cm-2. The Li-S batteries assembled with the Li3PS4-protected Li anodes show better capacity retention than their bare Li counterparts, whose average decay rate from the 240th cycle to the 800th cycle is only 0.004%/cycle. In addition, the Li3PS4 layer improves the rate capacity of the batteries, significantly enhancing the capacity from 175 to 682 mA h g-1 at a 2 C rate. The spin-coated Li3PS4 artificial SEI layer provides a new strategy to develop high-performance Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Glasses and Ceramics, Institute of Chemical Science, University of Rennes 1, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Lilin Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongkuan Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianghua Zhang
- Laboratory of Glasses and Ceramics, Institute of Chemical Science, University of Rennes 1, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Laurent Calvez
- Laboratory of Glasses and Ceramics, Institute of Chemical Science, University of Rennes 1, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Ping Fan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Fan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
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47
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Li Q, Zhang J, Zeng Y, Tang Z, Sun D, Peng Z, Tang Y, Wang H. Lithium reduction reaction for interfacial regulation of lithium metal anode. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2597-2611. [PMID: 35144280 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06630g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The lithium metal anode (LMA) is regarded as a very promising candidate for next-generation lithium batteries. The interfacial issue plays a pivotal role in affecting the lithium plating/stripping behavior, Coulombic efficiency and cycling lifespan of an LMA. The lithium reduction reaction (LRR) is an advanced regulating technique for optimizing the LMA interphase, which intelligently utilizes lithium metal itself as an interphase precursor. This strategy also possesses moderate operating conditions, high efficiency, great convenience and scalability. In this review, the latest developments of LRRs in interfacial regulation for LMAs are summarized, focusing on the interfacial regulation mechanism and the construction of various inorganic/organic interfaces in lithium metal liquid/solid batteries. The target interface properties and corresponding influence factors during LRRs are investigated in detail. Besides this, the superiority and insufficiency of LRRs are discussed and possible directions for LRRs are presented. This review highlights in situ modification characteristics for anode interface regulation during the LRR and can be extended to other metal anodes such as sodium, potassium and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Yaping Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Zheng Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Dan Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Zhiguang Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Yougen Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
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48
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Shadike Z, Tan S, Lin R, Cao X, Hu E, Yang XQ. Engineering and characterization of interphases for lithium metal anodes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1547-1568. [PMID: 35282617 PMCID: PMC8826631 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06181j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium metal is a very promising anode material for achieving high energy density for next generation battery systems due to its low redox potential and high theoretical specific capacity of 3860 mA h g-1. However, dendrite formation and low coulombic efficiency during cycling greatly hindered its practical applications. The formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the lithium metal anode (LMA) holds the key to resolving these problems. A lot of techniques such as electrolyte modification, electrolyte additive introduction, and artificial SEI layer coating have been developed to form a stable SEI with capability to facilitate fast Li+ transportation and to suppress Li dendrite formation and undesired side reactions. It is well accepted that the chemical and physical properties of the SEI on the LMA are closely related to the kinetics of Li+ transport across the electrolyte-electrode interface and Li deposition behavior, which in turn affect the overall performance of the cell. Unfortunately, the chemical and structural complexity of the SEI makes it the least understood component of the battery cell. Recently various advanced in situ and ex situ characterization techniques have been developed to study the SEI and the results are quite interesting. Therefore, an overview about these new findings and development of SEI engineering and characterization is quite valuable to the battery research community. In this perspective, different strategies of SEI engineering are summarized, including electrolyte modification, electrolyte additive application, and artificial SEI construction. In addition, various advanced characterization techniques for investigating the SEI formation mechanism are discussed, including in situ visualization of the lithium deposition behavior, the quantification of inactive lithium, and using X-rays, neutrons and electrons as probing beams for both imaging and spectroscopy techniques with typical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sha Tan
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY USA
| | - Ruoqian Lin
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY USA
| | - Xia Cao
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
| | - Enyuan Hu
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY USA
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY USA
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49
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Liu F, Xu R, Wu Y, Boyle DT, Yang A, Xu J, Zhu Y, Ye Y, Yu Z, Zhang Z, Xiao X, Huang W, Wang H, Chen H, Cui Y. Dynamic spatial progression of isolated lithium during battery operations. Nature 2021; 600:659-663. [PMID: 34937896 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04168-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The increasing demand for next-generation energy storage systems necessitates the development of high-performance lithium batteries1-3. Unfortunately, current Li anodes exhibit rapid capacity decay and a short cycle life4-6, owing to the continuous generation of solid electrolyte interface7,8 and isolated Li (i-Li)9-11. The formation of i-Li during the nonuniform dissolution of Li dendrites12 leads to a substantial capacity loss in lithium batteries under most testing conditions13. Because i-Li loses electrical connection with the current collector, it has been considered electrochemically inactive or 'dead' in batteries14,15. Contradicting this commonly accepted presumption, here we show that i-Li is highly responsive to battery operations, owing to its dynamic polarization to the electric field in the electrolyte. Simultaneous Li deposition and dissolution occurs on two ends of the i-Li, leading to its spatial progression toward the cathode (anode) during charge (discharge). Revealed by our simulation results, the progression rate of i-Li is mainly affected by its length, orientation and the applied current density. Moreover, we successfully demonstrate the recovery of i-Li in Cu-Li cells with >100% Coulombic efficiency and realize LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC)-Li full cells with extended cycle life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yecun Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Ankun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jinwei Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yangying Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yusheng Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhiao Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zewen Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wenxiao Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hansen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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50
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Zhou H, Liu P. Designing polymer coatings for lithium metal protection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:112501. [PMID: 34874309 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3fe2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Protection of lithium metal has been one of the great challenges to realize a long-life, high-energy-density battery. Polymer coatings on lithium metal surface have been proven to be an effective protection method in terms of improved morphology, higher coulombic efficiency, and a longer cycle life. However, there is a variety of design principles of polymer coatings proposed by the research community, and the influence of polymer swelling in liquid electrolytes remains poorly understood. Herein we use crosslinking density and solvent-polymer interaction to quantitatively explain the mechanical property and the ion-transport property of polymer coatings when swollen in liquid electrolytes. Low crosslinking density is beneficial for reducing the rigidity and enhancing the viscosity of the polymer. Ion conductivity increases with the swelling ratio, and activation energy of lithium-ion transport increases in a polar polymer with strong ion-polymer coupling. We propose that polymer coatings must be combined with the emerging electrolytes with unconventional solvent compositions to realize a practical high-performance lithium metal battery. This study can provide design guidelines for polymer coatings through the optimized interactions with upcoming high-performance electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
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