1
|
Ai CR, Liu L, Wang XC. Borane-Catalyzed Enantioselective α-Alkylation of Unactivated 2-Alkylbenzoxazoles with Electron-Deficient Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:24663-24669. [PMID: 39163278 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Chiral borane-catalyzed reactions have recently emerged as a powerful tool for the enantioselective production of chiral scaffolds. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that a chiral bisborane catalyst can be used for the α-functionalization of 2-alkylazaarenes; specifically, we accomplished unprecedented highly enantioselective α-alkylation of unactivated 2-alkylbenzoxazoles with electron-deficient olefins. The strong Lewis acidity and the steric bulk of the bisborane catalyst were essential to the observed reactivity and selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Ren Ai
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boegli MC, Coffinet A, Bijani C, Simonneau A. Seven-Coordinate Group 6 Metal Hydrides Obtained by H 2 Activation at B(C 6F 5) 3 Adducts of N 2 Complexes: Frustrated Lewis Pair-Type Reactivity of The B-N Linkage. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400451. [PMID: 38864406 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The adducts 2M,R of general formula trans-[(L)M{R2P(CH2)2PR2}2{N2B(C6F5)3}] (L=ø or N2, M=Mo or W, R=Et or Ph), formed from Lewis acid-base pairing of B(C6F5)3 to a dinitrogen ligand of zero-valent group 6 bis(phosphine) complexes trans-[M{R2P(CH2)2PR2}2(N2)2] are shown to react with dihydrogen to afford hepta-coordinated bis(hydride) complexes [M(H)2{R2P(CH2)2PR2}{N2B(C6F5)3}] 3M,R which feature the rare ability to activate both dinitrogen and dihydrogen at a single metal center, except in the case where M=Mo and R=Ph for which fast precipitation of insoluble [Mo(H)4(dppe)2] (dppe=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) occurs. The frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)-related reactivity of the B-N linkage in compounds 3W,R was explored and led to distal N functionalization without involvement of the hydride ligands. It is shown in one example that the resulting bis(hydride) diazenido compounds may also be obtained through a sequence involving first FLP-type N-functionalization followed by oxidative addition of H2. Those oily compounds were found to have limited stability in solution or in their isolated states. Finally, treatment of 3W,Et with the Lewis base N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) affords the simple but unknown bis(hydride)-dinitrogen species [W(H)2(depe)2(N2)] 11Et (depe=1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane) which direct, selective formation from trans-[W(N2)2(depe)2] is not possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Boegli
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Anaïs Coffinet
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Christian Bijani
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Antoine Simonneau
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Latif EA, Hilgar JD, Romero NA. Synthesis and Photochemical Uncaging of Alkene-Protected, Polymer-Bound Vicinal Frustrated Lewis Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39186110 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric materials bearing Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) functionality are promising candidates for use as heterogeneous catalysts and adaptive materials, but synthetic access to FLP-functional polymers remains limited due to the incompatibility of FLPs with standard polymerization chemistries. Herein, we describe a synthetic approach that "cages" highly reactive vicinal phosphine-borane FLPs as covalent alkene adducts, which are stable to Ni-mediated vinyl addition polymerization. We discovered that the caged FLP adducts can be photochemically activated to liberate vicinal FLPs, enabling spatiotemporally controlled release of FLPs from polymeric precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Latif
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jeremy D Hilgar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nathan A Romero
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Krämer F. Aluminum in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405207. [PMID: 38826040 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This review article describes the development of the use of aluminum compounds in the chemistry of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) over the last 14 years. It also discusses the synthesis, reactivity and catalytic applications of intermolecular, intramolecular and so-called hidden FLPs with phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon Lewis bases. The intrinsically higher acidity of aluminum compounds compared to their boron analogs opens up different reaction pathways. The results are presented in a more or less chronological order. It is shown that Al FLPs react with a variety of polar and non-polar substrates and form both stable adducts and reversibly activate bonds. Consequently, some catalytic applications of the title compounds were presented such as dimerization of alkynes, hydrogenation of tert-butyl ethylene and imines, C-F bond activation, reduction of CO2, dehydrogenation of amine borane and transfer of ammonia. In addition, various Al FLPs were used as initiators in polymerization reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krämer
- C1 Green Chemicals AG, Am Studio 2a, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shaw TE, Jones ZR, Adelman SL, Anderson NH, Bowes EG, Bauer ED, Dan D, Klouda J, Knope KE, Kozimor SA, MacInnes MM, Mocko V, Rocha FR, Root HD, Stein BW, Thompson JD, Wacker JN. PuCl 3{CoCp[OP(OEt) 2] 3}: transuranic elements entering the field of heterometallic molecular chemistry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12754-12764. [PMID: 39148769 PMCID: PMC11323317 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01767f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances enabled the discovery of heterometallic molecules for many metals: main group, d-block, lanthanides, and some actinides (U, Th). These complexes have at least two different metals joined by bridging ligands or by direct metal-metal bonding interactions. They are attractive because they can enable chemical cooperativity between metals from different parts of the periodic table. Some heterometallics provide access to unique reactivity and others exhibit physical properties that cannot be accessed by homometallic species. We envisioned that transuranic heterometallics might similarly enable new transuranic chemistry, though synthetic routes to such compounds have yet to be developed. Reported here is the first synthesis of a molecular transuranic complex that contains plutonium (Pu) and cobalt (Co). Our analyses of PuCl3{CoCp[OP(OEt)2]3} showed Pu(iv) and Co(iii) were present and suggested that the Pu(iv) oxidation state was stabilized by the electron donating phosphite ligands. This synthetic method - and the demonstration that Pu(iv) can be stabilized in a heterobimetallic molecular setting - provides a foundation for further exploration of transuranic multimetallic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Shaw
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Zachary R Jones
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Sara L Adelman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Nickolas H Anderson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Eric G Bowes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Eric D Bauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - David Dan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Jan Klouda
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Karah E Knope
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University 37th and O Streets NW Washington, D.C. 20057 USA
| | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Molly M MacInnes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Veronika Mocko
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Francisca R Rocha
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Harrison D Root
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Benjamin W Stein
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Joe D Thompson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Jennifer N Wacker
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) P. O. Box 1663, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University 37th and O Streets NW Washington, D.C. 20057 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu C, Zhao S, Zhang H, Peng Q, Chen Y. Yb/Si frustrated Lewis pairs with a labile naphthalenyl bridge. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8411-8414. [PMID: 39028271 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The first examples of RE/Si FLPs (RE: rare-earth metal, FLPs: frustrated Lewis pairs), namely Yb/Si FLPs were synthesized, where Yb⋯Si distances are in the range of 3.55 to 3.72 Å. These FLPs react with triphenylphosphine sulfide and aryl isocyanide to produce novel silylyne group transfer products through dissociation of naphthalene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China.
| | - Sixuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Escomel L, Martins FF, Vendier L, Coffinet A, Queyriaux N, Krewald V, Simonneau A. Coordination of Al(C 6F 5) 3 vs. B(C 6F 5) 3 on group 6 end-on dinitrogen complexes: chemical and structural divergences. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11321-11336. [PMID: 39055009 PMCID: PMC11268509 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02713b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The coordination of the Lewis superacid tris(pentafluorophenyl)alane (AlCF) to phosphine-supported, group 6 bis(dinitrogen) complexes [ML2(N2)2] is explored, with M = Cr, Mo or W and L = dppe (1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane), depe (1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane), dmpe (1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) or 2 × PMe2Ph. Akin to tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF), AlCF can form 1 : 1 adducts by coordination to one distal nitrogen of general formula trans-[ML2(N2){(μ-η1:η1-N2)Al(C6F5)3}]. The boron and aluminium adducts are structurally similar, showing a comparable level of N2 push-pull activation. A notable exception is a bent (BCF adducts) vs. linear (AlCF adducts) M-N-N-LA motif (LA = Lewis acid), explained computationally as the result of steric repulsion. A striking difference arose when the formation of two-fold adducts was conducted. While in the case of BCF the 2 : 1 Lewis pairs could be observed in equilibrium with the 1 : 1 adduct and free borane but resisted isolation, AlCF forms robust 2 : 1 adducts trans-[ML2{(μ-η1:η1-N2)Al(C6F5)3}2] that isomerise into a more stable cis configuration. These compounds could be isolated and structurally characterized, and represent the first examples of trinuclear heterometallic complexes formed by Lewis acid-base interaction exhibiting p and d elements. Calculations also demonstrate that from the bare complex to the two-fold aluminium adduct, substantial decrease of the HOMO-LUMO gap is observed, and, unlike the trans adducts (1 : 1 and 1 : 2) for which the HOMO was computed to be a pure d orbital, the one of the cis-trinuclear compounds mixes a d orbital with a π* one of each N2 ligands. This may translate into a more favourable electrophilic attack on the N2 ligands instead of the metal centre, while a stabilized N2-centered LUMO should ease electron transfer, suggesting Lewis acids could be co-activators for electro-catalysed N2 reduction. Experimental UV-vis spectra for the tungsten family of compounds were compared with TD-DFT calculations (CAM-B3LYP/def2-TZVP), allowing to assign the low extinction bands found in the visible spectrum to unusual low-lying MLCT involving N2-centered orbitals. As significant red-shifts are observed upon LA coordination, this could have important implications for the development of visible light-driven nitrogen fixation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léon Escomel
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UPS 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Frederico F Martins
- Department of Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry, TU Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 6 4287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Laure Vendier
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UPS 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Anaïs Coffinet
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UPS 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Nicolas Queyriaux
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UPS 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Vera Krewald
- Department of Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry, TU Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 6 4287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Antoine Simonneau
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UPS 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jones BT, Maulide N. Lewis Acid-Driven Inverse Hydride Shuttle Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320001. [PMID: 38551113 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Inverse hydride shuttle catalysis provides a multicomponent platform for the highly efficient synthesis of alkaloid frameworks with exquisite diastereoselectivity. However, a number of limitations hinder this method, primarily the strict requirement for highly electron-deficient acceptors. Herein, we present a general Lewis acid-driven approach to address this constraint, and have developed two broad strategies enabling the modular synthesis of complex azabicycles that were entirely unattainable using the previous method. The enhanced synthetic flexibility facilitates a streamlined asymmetric cyclization, leading to a concise total synthesis of the alkaloid (-)-tashiromine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Jones
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jain S, Danovich D, Shaik S. Dinitrogen Activation within Frustrated Lewis Pairs Is Promoted by Adding External Electric Fields. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4595-4604. [PMID: 38775015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This study uses computational means to explore the feasibility of N2 cleavage by frustrated Lewis pair (FLPs) species. The employed FLP systems are phosphane/borane (1) and carbene/borane (2). Previous studies show that 1 and 2 react with H2 and CO2 but do not activate N2. The present study demonstrates that N2 is indeed inert, and its activation requires augmentation of the FLPs by an external tool. As we demonstrate here, FLP-mediated N2 activation can be achieved by an external electric field oriented along the reaction axis of the FLP. Additionally, the study demonstrates that FLP -N2 activation generates useful nitrogen compound, e.g., hydrazine (H2N-NH2). In summary, we conclude that FLP effectively activates N2 in tandem with oriented external electric fields (OEEFs), which play a crucial role. This FLP/OEEF combination may serve as a general activator of inert molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Jain
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - David Danovich
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu XY, Huang ZQ, Ban T, Xu YH, Liu ZW, Chang CR. Finding Natural, Dense, and Stable Frustrated Lewis Pairs on Wurtzite Crystal Surfaces for Small-Molecule Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405405. [PMID: 38578834 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The surface frustrated Lewis pairs (SFLPs) open up new opportunities for substituting noble metals in the activation and conversion of stable molecules. However, the applications of SFLPs on a larger scale are impeded by the complex construction process, low surface density, and sensitivity to the reaction environment. Herein, wurtzite-structured crystals such as GaN, ZnO, and AlP are found for developing natural, dense, and stable SFLPs. It is revealed that the SFLPs can naturally exist on the (100) and (110) surfaces of wurtzite-structured crystals. All the surface cations and anions serve as the Lewis acid and Lewis base in SFLPs, respectively, contributing to the surface density of SFLPs as high as 7.26×1014 cm-2. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the SFLPs can keep stable under high temperatures and the reaction atmospheres of CO and H2O. Moreover, outstanding performance for activating the given small molecules is achieved on these natural SFLPs, which originates from the optimal orbital overlap between SFLPs and small molecules. Overall, these findings not only provide a simple method to obtain dense and stable SFLPs but also unfold the nature of SFLPs toward the facile activation of small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yang Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zheng-Qing Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Tao Ban
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yun-Hua Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, China
| | - Zhong-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Chun-Ran Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Z, Huang T, Li M, Wang X, Zhou X, Yang S, Gao Q, Cai X, Liu Y, Fang Y, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zhang S. Unveiling the Synergistic Role of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Carbon-Encapsulated Ni/NiO x Photothermal Cocatalyst for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313513. [PMID: 38461147 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The development of high-density and closely spaced frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) is crucial for enhancing catalyst activity and accelerating reaction rates. However, constructing efficient FLPs by breaking classical Lewis bonds poses a significant challenge. Here, this work has made a pivotal discovery regarding the Jahn-Teller effect during the formation of grain boundaries in carbon-encapsulated Ni/NiOx (Ni/NiOx@C). This effect facilitates the formation of high-density O (VO) and Ni (VNi) vacancy sites with different charge polarities, specifically FLP-VO-C basic sites and FLP-VNi-C acidic sites. The synergistic interaction between FLP-VO-C and FLP-VNi-C sites not only reduces energy barriers for water adsorption and splitting, but also induces a strong photothermal effect. This mutually reinforcing effect contributes to the exceptional performance of Ni/NiOx@C as a cocatalyst in photothermal-assisted photocatalytic hydrogen production. Notably, the Ni/NiOx@C/g-C3N4 (NOCC) composite photocatalyst exhibits remarkable hydrogen production activity with a rate of 10.7 mmol g-1 h-1, surpassing that of the Pt cocatalyst by 1.76 times. Moreover, the NOCC achieves an impressive apparent quantum yield of 40.78% at a wavelength of 380 nm. This work paves the way for designing novel defect-state multiphase cocatalysts with high-density and adjacent FLP sites, which hold promise for enhancing various catalytic reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510643, P. R. China
| | - Taiyu Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510643, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute for Sustainable Transformation, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Jieyang, Guangdong, 515200, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- SMOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510643, P. R. China
| | - Qiongzhi Gao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510643, P. R. China
| | - Xin Cai
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510643, P. R. China
| | - Yingju Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510643, P. R. China
| | - Yueping Fang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510643, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Shanqing Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Transformation, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy and School of Environment and Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Shengsen Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510643, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang ZQ, Su X, Yu XY, Ban T, Gao X, Chang CR. Theoretical Perspective on the Design of Surface Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Small-Molecule Activation. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5436-5444. [PMID: 38743952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The excellent reactivity of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) to activate small molecules has gained increasing attention in recent decades. Though the development of surface FLP (SFLP) is prompting the application of FLP in the chemical industry, the design of SFLP with superior activity, high density, and excellent stability for small-molecule activation is still challenging. Herein, we review the progress of designing SFLP by surface engineering, screening natural SFLP, and the dynamic formation of SFLP from theoretical perspectives. We highlight the breakthrough in fine-tuning the activity, density, and stability of the designed SFLP studied by using computational methods. We also discuss future challenges and directions in designing SFLP with outstanding capabilities for small-molecule activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Qing Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xue Su
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xi-Yang Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Tao Ban
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Cleaning Conversion and Chemical Engineering Process, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Chun-Ran Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guan Y, Chang K, Su Y, Xu X, Xu X. Frustrated Lewis Pair-Type Reactivity of Intermolecular Rare-Earth Aryloxide and N-Heterocyclic Carbene/Olefin Combinations. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400190. [PMID: 38451014 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
This work reports the cooperative reactivity of rare-earth aryloxide complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) or N-heterocyclic olefin (NHO), showcasing their synergistic effect on the activation of H2 and diverse organic substrates. Reactions of RE(OAr)3 (RE=La, Sm, and Y; Ar=2,6-tBu2-C6H3) with unsaturated NHC ItBu (:C[N(R)CH]2, R=tBu) isolated abnormally bound RE metal NHC complexes RE/aNHC. In contrast, no metal-NHO adducts were formed when RE(OAr)3 were treated with NHO (R2C=C[N(R)C(R)]2, R=CH3). Both RE/aNHC and RE/NHO Lewis pairs enabled cooperative H2 activation. Furthermore, RE(OAr)3 were found to catalyze the hydrogenation of the exocyclic C=C double bond of NHO under mild conditions. Moreover, treatment of the La/aNHC complex with benzaldehyde produced a La/C4 1,2-addition product. The La/NHO Lewis pair could react with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane and α, β-conjugated imine, affording an isocyanotrimethylsilyl lanthanum amide complex and a La/C 1,4-addition product, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kejian Chang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Su
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Patra SG. Asymmetric catalysis by chiral FLPs: A computational mini-review. Chirality 2024; 36:e23671. [PMID: 38660756 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Steric hindrance in Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB) obstruct the Lewis acid-base adduct formation, and the pair was termed as frustrated Lewis pair (FLP). In the past 16 years, the field of enantioselective catalysis by chiral FLPs has been slowly growing. It was shown that chiral LAs are significant as they are involved in the hydrogen transfer (HT) step to the imine, resulting in enantioselectivity. After H2 activation, the borohydride can exist in a number of plausible conformations and their stability is governed by the presence of noncovalent interaction through C-H····π and π····π interactions. However, LBs are not ideal for asymmetric induction as they compete with the imine substrate as a counter LB. Further, the proton transfer from chiral LB to the imine does not induce any chirality as chirality develops in the HT step. However, intramolecular FLPs with chiral scaffold are very efficient as they possess an optimum distance between LA and LB, which facilitates the H2 activation but precludes the adduct formation of the small molecules substrate with the LA component. This mini-review summarizes computational investigation involving chiral LA and LB, and discusses intramolecular FLPs in the enantioselective catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Gopal Patra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kótai B, Laczkó G, Hamza A, Pápai I. Stereocontrol via Propeller Chirality in FLP-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400241. [PMID: 38294415 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Utilization of chiral frustrated Lewis pairs as catalysts in enantioselective hydrogenation of unsaturated molecules represents a promising approach in asymmetric synthesis. In our effort to improve our current understanding of the factors governing the stereoselectivity in these catalytic processes, herein we examined the mechanism of direct hydrogenation of aromatic enamines catalyzed by a binaphthyl-based chiral amino-borane. Our computational analysis reveals that only one particular conformer of the key borohydride reaction intermediate can be regarded as a reactive form of this species. This borohydride conformer has a well-defined chiral propeller shape, which induces facial selectivity in the hydride transfer to pro-chiral iminium intermediates. The propeller chirality of the reactive borohydride conformer is generated by the axially chiral binaphthyl scaffold of the amino-borane catalyst through stabilizing π-π stacking interactions. This new computational insight can be readily used to interpret the high degree of stereoinduction observed for these reactions. We expect that the concept of chirality relay could be further exploited in catalyst design endeavors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Kótai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2
- Hevesy György Ph.D. School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Laczkó
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2
- Hevesy György Ph.D. School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Hamza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2
| | - I Pápai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhang TS, Ge C, Tao Y, Fei W, Fan W, Zhou M, Li MB. Site-Recognition-Induced Structural and Photoluminescent Evolution of the Gold-Pincer Nanocluster. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9631-9639. [PMID: 38530981 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The induced structural transformation provides an efficient way to precisely modulate the fine structures and the corresponding performance of gold nanoclusters, thus constituting one of the important research topics in cluster chemistry. However, the driving forces and mechanisms of these processes are still ambiguous in many cases, limiting further applications. In this work, based on the unique coordination mode of the pincer ligand-stabilized gold nanocluster Au8(PNP)4, we revealed the site-recognition mechanism for induced transformations of gold nanoclusters. The "open nitrogen sites" on the surface of the nanocluster interact with different inducers including organic compounds and metals and trigger the conversion of Au8(PNP)4 to Au13 and Au9Ag4 nanoclusters, respectively. Control experiments verified the site-recognition mechanism, and the femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed the electronic and photoluminescent evolution accompanied by the structural transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tai-Song Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Chao Ge
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Fei
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Weigang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Man-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang J, Li L, Xie X, Song XQ, Schaefer HF. Biomimetic Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalysts for Hydrogenation of CO to Methanol at Low Temperatures. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2024; 4:258-267. [PMID: 38585511 PMCID: PMC10996047 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The industrial production of methanol through CO hydrogenation using the Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst requires harsh conditions, and the development of new catalysts with low operating temperatures is highly desirable. In this study, organic biomimetic FLP catalysts with good tolerance to CO poison are theoretically designed. The base-free catalytic reaction contains the 1,1-addition of CO into a formic acid intermediate and the hydrogenation of the formic acid intermediate into methanol. Low-energy spans (25.6, 22.1, and 20.6 kcal/mol) are achieved, indicating that CO can be hydrogenated into methanol at low temperatures. The new extended aromatization-dearomatization effect involving multiple rings is proposed to effectively facilitate the rate-determining CO 1,1-addition step, and a new CO activation model is proposed for organic catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiejing Zhang
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei
Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Li
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei
Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Xie
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei
Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Qing Song
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei
Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis
of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Center
for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ferrer M, Alkorta I, Elguero J, Oliva-Enrich JM. (Pyridin-2-ylmethyl)triel Derivatives as Masked Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Interactions and CO 2 -Sequestration. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300750. [PMID: 38215389 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The isolated (pyridin-2-ylmethyl)triel derivatives (triel=B, Al and Ga) show an intramolecular N⋅⋅⋅Tr triel bond as shown by compounds found in the Cambridge Structural Database and DFT calculations. The possibility to use them as masked frustrated Lewis pairs (mFLP) has been explored theoretically concerning their reaction with CO2 . The adduct formation proceeds in two steps. In the first one, the (pyridin-2-ylmethyl)triel derivatives break the intramolecular N⋅⋅⋅Tr bond assisted by CO2 and in the second step the adduct is formed with Tr-O and N-C covalent bonds. The corresponding energy minima and transition states (TS) of the reaction have been characterized and analyzed. The distortion/interaction model analysis of the stationary points indicates that the whole process can be divided in two parts: reorganization of the mFLP in the first steps of the reaction while the reaction with CO2 (associated to the distortion of this molecule) is more important in the formation of the final adduct. In all cases studied, the final products are more stable than the starting molecules that combine with reasonable TS energies indicating that these reactions can occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Ferrer
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Theoretical Chemistry and Computational Modeling, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M Oliva-Enrich
- Instituto de Química-Física Blas Cabrera (CSIC), Serrano, 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Han Z, Feng X, Du H. Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of 2-Substituted Quinoxalines with Regenerable Dihydrophenanthridine. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3666-3671. [PMID: 38357876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The asymmetric hydrogenation of quinoxalines represents one of the most efficient approaches for the synthesis of optically active tetrahyroquinoxalines. In this paper, we demonstrate a metal-free asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of 2-substituted quinoxalines with regenerable dihydrophenanthridine under H2 using a combination of chiral phosphoric acid and achiral borane as catalysts. A wide range of optically active 2-substituted tetrahydroquinoxalines were produced in high yields with ≤98% ee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaiqi Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Xiangqing Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lye K, Young RD. A review of frustrated Lewis pair enabled monoselective C-F bond activation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2712-2724. [PMID: 38404400 PMCID: PMC10882520 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) bond activation chemistry has greatly developed over the last two decades since the seminal report of metal-free reversible hydrogen activation. Recently, FLP systems have been utilized to allow monoselective C-F bond activation (at equivalent sites) in polyfluoroalkanes. The problem of 'over-defluorination' in the functionalization of polyfluoroalkanes (where multiple fluoro-positions are uncontrollably functionalized) has been a long-standing chemical problem in fluorocarbon chemistry for over 80 years. FLP mediated monoselective C-F bond activation is complementary to other solutions developed to address 'over-defluorination' and offers several advantages and unique opportunities. This perspective highlights some of these advantages and opportunities and places the development of FLP mediated C-F bond activation into the context of the wider effort to overcome 'over-defluorination'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Lye
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Rowan D Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ivanytsya MO, Subotin VV, Gavrilenko KS, Ryabukhin SV, Volochnyuk DM, Kolotilov SV. Advances and Challenges in Development of Transition Metal Catalysts for Heterogeneous Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300300. [PMID: 38063808 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Actual problems of development of catalysts for hydrogenation of heterocyclic compounds by hydrogen are summarized and discussed. The scope of review covers composites of nanoparticles of platinum group metals and 3d metals for heterogeneous catalytic processes. Such problems include increase of catalyst activity, which is important for reduction of precious metals content; development of new catalytic systems which do not contain metals of platinum group or contain cheaper analogues of Pd; control of factors which make influence on the selectivity of the catalysts; achievement of high reproducibility of the catalyst's performance and quality control of the catalysts. Own results of the authors are also summarized and described. The catalysts were prepared by decomposition of Pd0 and Ni0 complexes, pyrolysis of Ni2+ and Co2+ complexes deposited on aerosil and reduction of Ni2+ in pores of porous support in situ. The developed catalysts were used for hydrogenation of multigram batches of heterocyclic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mykyta O Ivanytsya
- L. V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prosp. Nauky 31, 03028, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill St., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vladyslav V Subotin
- L. V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prosp. Nauky 31, 03028, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill St., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Konstantin S Gavrilenko
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill St., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Chemical Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serhiy V Ryabukhin
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill St., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, 02660, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill St., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, 02660, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergey V Kolotilov
- L. V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prosp. Nauky 31, 03028, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill St., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yazdanpanah M, Fereidooni M, Márquez V, Paz CV, Saelee T, Salazar Villanueva M, Rittiruam M, Khajondetchairit P, Praserthdam S, Praserthdam P. The Underlying Catalytic Role of Oxygen Vacancies in Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Ketonization over TiO x Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301033. [PMID: 37724580 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, interest in converting bio-derived fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) into added-value products has significantly increased. The selectivity of ketonization reaction in the conversion of the FAMEs has significantly hampered the efficiency of this process. Herein, this work reports the preparation of catalysts with different levels of oxygen vacancies while the crystal phase remained unchanged. The catalyst with the highest level of oxygen vacancy exhibited the maximum selectivity. The density functional theory (DFT) simulation showed an increase in interatomic distances leading to the formation of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) upon the creation of oxygen vacancies. The surface measurements, type and density of acid sites of the catalysts, showed that the Lewis acid sites enhanced the selectivity for ketone production; while Bronsted acid sites increased the formation of by-products. Moreover, the ketone formation rate was directly proportional to acid density. The findings of this research provide a different approach for catalyst design, based on defects engineering and their effect on the surface activity, which could be used for enhancing the catalytic performance of novel metal oxides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yazdanpanah
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Mohammad Fereidooni
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Victor Márquez
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - C V Paz
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tinnakorn Saelee
- High-Performance Computing Unit (CECC-HCU), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Martin Salazar Villanueva
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Apartado Postal J-39, CP, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Meena Rittiruam
- High-Performance Computing Unit (CECC-HCU), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Patcharaporn Khajondetchairit
- High-Performance Computing Unit (CECC-HCU), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supareak Praserthdam
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- High-Performance Computing Unit (CECC-HCU), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Piyasan Praserthdam
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang Y, Guo J, VanNatta P, Jiang Y, Phipps J, Roknuzzaman R, Rabaâ H, Tan K, AlShahrani T, Ma S. Metal-Free Heterogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Olefins Promoted by Chiral Frustrated Lewis Pair Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:979-987. [PMID: 38117691 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of metal-free and recyclable catalysts for significant yet challenging transformations of naturally abundant feedstocks has long been sought after. In this work, we contribute a general strategy of combining the rationally designed crystalline covalent organic framework (COF) with a newly developed chiral frustrated Lewis pair (CFLP) to afford chiral frustrated Lewis pair framework (CFLPF), which can efficiently promote the asymmetric olefin hydrogenation in a heterogeneous manner, outperforming the homogeneous CFLP counterpart. Notably, the metal-free CFLPF exhibits superior activity/enantioselectivity in addition to excellent stability/recyclability. A series of in situ spectroscopic studies, kinetic isotope effect measurements, and density-functional theory computational calculations were also performed to gain an insightful understanding of the superior asymmetric hydrogenation catalysis performances of CFLPF. Our work not only increases the versatility of catalysts for asymmetric catalysis but also broadens the reactivity of porous organic materials with the addition of frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry, thereby suggesting a new approach for practical and substantial transformations through the advancement of novel catalysts from both concept and design perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W Mulberry St, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Peter VanNatta
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W Mulberry St, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Yao Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Joshua Phipps
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W Mulberry St, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Roknuzzaman Roknuzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W Mulberry St, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Hassan Rabaâ
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W Mulberry St, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Ibn Tofail University, ESCTM, Kenitra 14000, Morocco
| | - Kui Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W Mulberry St, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Thamraa AlShahrani
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W Mulberry St, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang Z, Feng X, Du H. Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Enamines through Borane-Catalyzed Hydrogenations. Org Lett 2023; 25:9142-9146. [PMID: 38113201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a B(C6F5)3-catalyzed hydrogenation of β-substituted α,β-unsaturated imines by using as low as 0.2 mol % catalyst. A variety of tetrasubstituted enamines were afforded in 95-99% yields. It provides an efficient and facile way without the need for column chromatography purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijia Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangqing Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Guo Y, Lian X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Chen J, Chen C, Lan X, Shao Y. Systematic Assessment of the Catalytic Reactivity of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in C-H Bond Activation. Molecules 2023; 29:24. [PMID: 38202607 PMCID: PMC10780200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Unreactive C-H bond activation is a new horizon for frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry. This study provides a systematic assessment of the catalytic reactivity of recently reported intra-molecular FLPs on the activation of typical inert C-H bonds, including 1-methylpyrrole, methane, benzyl, propylene, and benzene, in terms of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The reactivity of FLPs is evaluated according to the calculated reaction thermodynamic and energy barriers of C-H bond activation processes in the framework of concerted C-H activation mechanisms. As for 1-methylpyrrole, 14 types of N-B-based and 15 types of P-B-based FLPs are proposed to be active. Although none of the evaluated FLPs are able to catalyze the C-H activation of methane, benzyl, or propylene, four types of N-B-based FLPs are suggested to be capable of catalyzing the activation of benzene. Moreover, the influence of the strength of Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB), and the differences between the influences of LA and LB on the catalytic reactivity of FLPs, are also discussed briefly. This systematic assessment of the catalytic activity of FLPs should provide valuable guidelines to aid the development of efficient FLP-based metal-free catalysts for C-H bond activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Xueqi Lian
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Xueling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jun Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Changzhong Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Xiaobing Lan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (Y.G.); (H.Z.); (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Youxiang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu T, Meng W, Feng X, Du H. Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of 1,2-Diketones Catalyzed by Chiral Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202313957. [PMID: 38065841 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric reduction of 1,2-diketones for the synthesis of optically active 1,2-diols, especially 1,2-anti-diols, remains a formidable challenge. In this paper, we describe the first highly stereoselective hydrosilylation of unsymmetrical vicinal diketones with PhSiH3 by using a chiral frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) catalyst, giving a variety of 1,2-diaryl-1,2-anti-diols in high yields with excellent d.r. values and up to 97 % ee. The chiral FLP catalyst exhibits the ability to control regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivites concurrently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangqing Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Han Z, Feng X, Du H. Asymmetric Hydrogenations of Acyclic α,β-Unsaturated Ketones with Chiral Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs). J Org Chem 2023; 88:16038-16042. [PMID: 37935680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a metal-free asymmetric hydrogenation of acyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones under the catalysis of a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) comprising chiral oxazoline and achiral borane. A wide range of optically active α-substituted ketones were furnished in high yields with 26-85% ee's.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaiqi Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Xiangqing Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lamač M, Urbán B, Horáček M, Bůžek D, Leonová L, Stýskalík A, Vykydalová A, Škoch K, Kloda M, Mahun A, Kobera L, Lang K, Londesborough MGS, Demel J. "Activated Borane": A Porous Borane Cluster Polymer as an Efficient Lewis Acid-Based Catalyst. ACS Catal 2023; 13:14614-14626. [PMID: 38026813 PMCID: PMC10660343 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Borane cluster-based porous covalent networks, named activated borane (ActB), were prepared by cothermolysis of decaborane(14) (nido-B10H14) and selected hydrocarbons (toluene, ActB-Tol; cyclohexane, ActB-cyHx; and n-hexane, ActB-nHx) under anaerobic conditions. These amorphous solid powders exhibit different textural and Lewis acid (LA) properties that vary depending on the nature of the constituent organic linker. For ActB-Tol, its LA strength even approaches that of the commonly used molecular LA, B(C6F5)3. Most notably, ActBs can act as heterogeneous LA catalysts in hydrosilylation/deoxygenation reactions with various carbonyl substrates as well as in the gas-phase dehydration of ethanol. These studies reveal the potential of ActBs in catalytic applications, showing (a) the possibility for tuning catalytic reaction outcomes (selectivity) in hydrosilylation/deoxygenation reactions by changing the material's composition and (b) the very high activity toward ethanol dehydration that exceeds the commonly used γ-Al2O3 by achieving a stable conversion of ∼93% with a selectivity for ethylene production of ∼78% during a 17 h continuous period on stream at 240 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lamač
- Department
of Molecular Electrochemistry and Catalysis, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy
of Sciences Dolejškova 2155, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Béla Urbán
- Department
of Molecular Electrochemistry and Catalysis, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy
of Sciences Dolejškova 2155, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Horáček
- Department
of Molecular Electrochemistry and Catalysis, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy
of Sciences Dolejškova 2155, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Bůžek
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Leonová
- Department
of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Stýskalík
- Department
of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Vykydalová
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Škoch
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Matouš Kloda
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Andrii Mahun
- Department
of Structural Analysis, Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kobera
- Department
of Structural Analysis, Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Lang
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Michael G. S. Londesborough
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Demel
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Chiral catalysts play a crucial role in the realm of asymmetric catalysis. Since their breakthrough discovery in 2006, chiral frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have risen as a novel catalyst category for a broad range of metal-free asymmetric reactions. This review provides an overview of the remarkable progress made in this field over the past 15 years. The design and synthesis of chiral FLPs and their applications in hydrogenation, hydrosilylation, transfer hydrogenation, and various other reactions are summarized and highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqing Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang M, Shanmugam M, McInnes EJL, Shaver MP. Light-Induced Polymeric Frustrated Radical Pairs as Building Blocks for Materials and Photocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24294-24301. [PMID: 37890166 PMCID: PMC10636756 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric frustrated Lewis pairs, or poly(FLP)s, have served to bridge the gap between functional polymer science and main group catalysis, pairing the uniqueness of sterically frustrated Lewis acids and bases with a polymer scaffold to create self-healing gels and recyclable catalysts. However, their utilization in radical chemistry is unprecedented. In this paper, we disclose the synthesis of polymeric frustrated radical pairs, or poly(FRP)s, by in situ photoinduction of FLP moieties, where their Lewis acidic and basic centers are tuned to promote single electron transfer (SET). Through systematic manipulation of the chemical structure, we demonstrate that inclusion of ortho-methyl groups on phosphine monomers is crucial to enable SET. The generation of radicals is evidenced by monitoring the stable polymeric phosphine radical cations via UV/vis and EPR spectroscopy. These new poly(FRP)s enable both catalytic hydrogenation and radical-mediated photocatalytic perfluoroalkylations. These polymeric radical systems open new avenues to design novel functional polymers for catalysis and photoelectrical chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Sustainable
Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Muralidharan Shanmugam
- Photon
Science Institute, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Eric J. L. McInnes
- Photon
Science Institute, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Michael P. Shaver
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Sustainable
Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lan X, Zhang X, Mei Y, Hu C, Liu LL. Utilizing bis(imino)dihydroacridanide pincer ligands in p-block chemistry: synthesis and catalysis of an antimony monocation salt. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15660-15664. [PMID: 37859530 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03310d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the synthesis and characterization of an Sb(III) monocation salt stabilized by a bulky bis(imino)dihydroacridanide pincer ligand. The Lewis acidity of the Sb cation is quantified using the Guttmann-Beckett method and confirmed by its reaction with 4-dimethylaminopyridine, which forms a Lewis acid-base adduct. This Sb cation exhibits catalytic activity in the cyanosilylation of arylketones. The electronic structure of the Sb cation as well as the mechanism of the catalytic transformation are explored by density functional theory computations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Lan
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chaopeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ju M, Lu Z, Novaes LFT, Alvarado JIM, Lin S. Frustrated Radical Pairs in Organic Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19478-19489. [PMID: 37656899 PMCID: PMC10625356 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Frustrated radical pairs (FRPs) describe the phenomenon that two distinct radicals─which would otherwise annihilate each other to form a closed-shell covalent adduct─can coexist in solution, owing to steric repulsion or weak bonding association. FRPs are typically formed via spontaneous single-electron transfer between two sterically encumbered precursors─an oxidant and a reductant─under ambient conditions. The two components of a FRP exhibit orthogonal chemical properties and can often act in cooperativity to achieve interesting radical reactivities. Initially observed in the study of traditional frustrated Lewis pairs, FRPs have recently been shown to be capable of homolytically activating various chemical bonds. In this Perspective, we will discuss the discovery of FRPs, their fundamental reactivity in chemical bond activation, and recent developments of their use in synthetic organic chemistry, including in C-H bond functionalization. We anticipate that FRPs will provide new reaction strategies for solving challenging problems in modern organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luiz F. T. Novaes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Guan Y, Xu X, Xu X. Double Bond Cleavage in Small Molecules Using a Geminal Sc/P Lewis Pair. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14782-14789. [PMID: 37643351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have proven capable of cleaving the H-H σ-bond and binding a variety of unsaturated small molecules. In contrast, examples of FLP-mediated complete rupture of double-bonded substrates remain scarce. Herein, we present a geminal Sc/P Lewis pair, i.e., (ArO)2ScN(tBu)PPh2 (Ar = 2,6-tBu2-C6H3), that exhibits typical FLP-type 1,2-addition reactivity toward CO2. Notably, it enables the complete cleavage of a series of double bonds, such as the N═N bond in azobenzene or pyridazine, the N═O bond in nitrosobenzene, and the N═S and S═O bonds in N-sulfinylaniline, to yield the corresponding metallacyclic products. Moreover, the first rare-earth metal sulfur monoxide adduct could be obtained through the bond cleavage of PhNSO, demonstrating the capability of rare-earth metal complexes to capture reactive species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sieland B, Stahn M, Schoch R, Daniliuc C, Spicher S, Grimme S, Hansen A, Paradies J. Dispersion Energy-Stabilized Boron and Phosphorus Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308752. [PMID: 37427718 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
An isostructural series of boron/phosphorus Lewis pairs was systematically investigated. The association constants of the Lewis pairs were determined at variable temperatures, enabling the extraction of thermodynamic parameters. The stabilization of the Lewis adduct increased with increasing size of the dispersion energy donor groups, although the donor and acceptor properties of the Lewis pairs remained largely unchanged. This data was utilized to challenge state-of-the-art quantum chemical methods, which finally led to an enhanced workflow for the determination of thermochemical properties of weakly bound Lewis pairs within an accuracy of 0.6 to 1.0 kcal mol-1 for computed association free energies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Sieland
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Marcel Stahn
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Spicher
- BASF SE, RGQ/SQ-B1, Carl-Bosch Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Hansen
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Paradies
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Nafady A, Tang Z, Al-Enizi AM, Tan K, Ma S. Incorporation of Chiral Frustrated Lewis Pair into Metal-Organic Framework with Tailored Microenvironment for Heterogeneous Enantio- and Chemoselective Hydrogenation. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1692-1701. [PMID: 37637733 PMCID: PMC10451035 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts with multiselectivity (e.g., enantio- and chemoselectivity) has long been sought after but with limited progress being made so far. To achieve enantio- and chemoselectivity in a heterogeneous system, as inspired by enzymes, we illustrate herein an approach of creating an enzyme-mimic region (EMR) within the nanospace of a metal-organic framework (MOF) as exemplified in the context of incorporating a chiral frustrated Lewis pair (CFLP) into a MOF with a tailored pore environment. Due to the high density of the EMR featuring the active site of CFLP and auxiliary sites of the hydroxyl group/open metal site within the vicinity of CFLP, the resultant EMR@MOF demonstrated excellent catalysis performance in heterogeneous hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated imines to afford chiral β-unsaturated amines with high yields and high enantio- and chemoselectivity. The role of the hydroxyl group/open metal site in regulating chemoselectivity was proved by the observation of a catalyst-substrate interaction experimentally, which was also rationalized by computational results. This work not only contributes a MOF as a new platform for multiselective catalysis but also opens a promising avenue to develop heterogeneous catalysts with multiselectivity for challenging yet important transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Yao Jiang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- National
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, 100190 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Enizi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kui Tan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yadav R, Janßen P, Schorpp M, Greb L. Calix[4]pyrrolato-germane-(thf) 2: Unlocking the Anti-van't Hoff-Le Bel Reactivity of Germanium(IV) by Ligand Dissociation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17746-17754. [PMID: 37549106 PMCID: PMC10436272 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Anti-van't Hoff-Le Bel configured p-block element species possess intrinsically high reactivity and are thus challenging to isolate. Consequently, numerous elements in this configuration, including square-planar germanium(IV), remain unexplored. Herein, we follow a concept to reach anti-van't Hoff-Le Bel reactivity by ligand dissociation from a rigid calix[4]pyrrole germane in its bis(thf) adduct. While the macrocyclic ligand assures square-planar coordination in the uncomplexed form, the labile thf donors provide robustness for isolation on a multigram scale. Unique properties of a low-lying acceptor orbital imparted to germanium(IV) can be verified, e.g., by isolating an elusive anionic hydrido germanate and exploiting it for challenging bond activations. Aldehydes, water, alcohol, and a CN triple bond are activated for the first time by germanium-ligand cooperativity. Unexpected behaviors against fluoride ion donors disclose critical interferences of a putative redox-coupled fluoride ion transfer during the experimental determination of Lewis acidity. Overall, we showcase how ligand lability grants access to the uncharted chemistry of anti-van't Hoff-Le Bel germanium(IV) and line up this element as a member in the emerging class of structurally constrained p-block elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Three-membered-ring scaffolds of carbocycles, namely, cyclopropanes and cyclopropenes, are ubiquitous in natural products and pharmaceutical molecules. These molecules exhibit a peculiar reactivity, and their applications as synthetic intermediates and versatile building blocks in organic synthesis have been extensively studied over the past century. The incorporation of heteroatoms into three-membered cyclic structures has attracted significant attention, reflecting fundamental differences in their electronic/geometric structures and reactivities compared to their carbon congeners and their associated potential for exploitation in applications. Recently, the chemistry of low-valent aluminum species, alumylenes, dialumenes, and aluminyl anions, has dramatically developed, which has allowed access to hitherto unprecedented aluminacycles. This Perspective focuses upon advances in the chemistry of three-membered aluminacycles, including their synthetic protocols, spectroscopic and structural properties, and reactivity toward various substrates and small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenting Yan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ingleson MJ. Main Group Catalyzed Arene Borylation: Challenges and Opportunities. ACS Catal 2023; 13:7691-7697. [PMID: 37288098 PMCID: PMC10242676 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
|
39
|
Ghara M, Mondal H, Pal R, Chattaraj PK. Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Bonding, Reactivity, and Applications. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37216335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The outstanding capability of Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) catalysts to activate small molecules has gained significant attention in recent times. Reactivity of FLP is further extended toward the hydrogenation of various unsaturated species. Over the past decade, this unique catalysis concept has been successfully expanded to heterogeneous catalysis as well. The present review article gives a brief survey on several studies on this field. A thorough discussion on quantum chemical studies concerning the activation of H2 is provided. The role of aromaticity and boron-ligand cooperation on the reactivity of FLP is discussed in the Review. How FLP can activate other small molecules by cooperative action of its Lewis centers is also discussed. Further, the discussion is shifted to the hydrogenation of various unsaturated species and the mechanism regarding this process. It also discusses the latest theoretical advancements in the application of FLP in heterogeneous catalysis across various domains, such as two-dimensional materials, functionalized surfaces, and metal oxides. A deeper understanding of the catalytic process may assist in devising new heterogeneous FLP catalysts through experimental design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Ghara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Himangshu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Ranita Pal
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Iqbal SA, Uzelac M, Nawaz I, Wang Z, Jones TH, Yuan K, Millet CRP, Nichol GS, Chotana GA, Ingleson MJ. Amides as modifiable directing groups in electrophilic borylation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:3865-3872. [PMID: 37035693 PMCID: PMC10074396 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06483a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Amide directed C-H borylation using ≥two equiv. of BBr3 forms borenium cations containing a R2N(R')C[double bond, length as m-dash]O→B(Ar)Br unit which has significant Lewis acidity at the carbonyl carbon. This enables reduction of the amide unit to an amine using hydrosilanes. This approach can be applied sequentially in a one-pot electrophilic borylation-reduction process, which for phenyl-acetylamides generates ortho borylated compounds that can be directly oxidised to the 2-(2-aminoethyl)-phenol. Other substrates amenable to the C-H borylation-reduction sequence include mono and diamino-arenes and carbazoles. This represents a simple method to make borylated molecules that would be convoluted to access otherwise (e.g. N-octyl-1-BPin-carbazole). Substituent variation is tolerated at boron as well as in the amide unit, with diarylborenium cations also amenable to reduction. This enables a double C-H borylation-reduction-hydrolysis sequence to access B,N-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including an example where both the boron and nitrogen centres contain functionalisable handles (N-H and B-OH). This method is therefore a useful addition to the metal-free borylation toolbox for accessing useful intermediates (ArylBPin) and novel B,N-PAHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saqib A Iqbal
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Marina Uzelac
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Ismat Nawaz
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Zhongxing Wang
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - T Harri Jones
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Kang Yuan
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Clement R P Millet
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Gary S Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Ghayoor Abbas Chotana
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Michael J Ingleson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Baker GJ, White AJP, Casely IJ, Grainger D, Crimmin MR. Catalytic, Z-Selective, Semi-Hydrogenation of Alkynes with a Zinc-Anilide Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7667-7674. [PMID: 36972405 PMCID: PMC10080692 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The reversible activation of dihydrogen with a molecular zinc anilide complex is reported. The mechanism of this reaction has been probed through stoichiometric experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The combined evidence suggests that H2 activation occurs by addition across the Zn-N bond via a four-membered transition state in which the Zn and N atoms play a dual role of Lewis acid and Lewis base. The zinc hydride complex that results from H2 addition has been shown to be remarkably effective for the hydrozincation of C═C bonds at modest temperatures. The scope of hydrozincation includes alkynes, alkenes, and a 1,3-butadiyne. For alkynes, the hydrozincation step is stereospecific leading exclusively to the syn-isomer. Competition experiments show that the hydrozincation of alkynes is faster than the equivalent alkene substrates. These new discoveries have been used to develop a catalytic system for the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes. The catalytic scope includes both aryl- and alkyl-substituted internal alkynes and proceeds with high alkene: alkane, Z:E ratios, and modest functional group tolerance. This work offers a first example of selective hydrogenation catalysis using zinc complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg J Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, White City, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, White City, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J Casely
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Damian Grainger
- Johnson Matthey, 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0FP, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, White City, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Köring L, Stepen A, Birenheide B, Barth S, Leskov M, Schoch R, Krämer F, Breher F, Paradies J. Boron-Centered Lewis Superacid through Redox-Active Ligands: Application in C-F and S-F Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216959. [PMID: 36621900 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of redox-responsive ferrocenyl-substituted boranes and boronic esters were synthesized. Oxidation of the ferrocenyl ligand to the ferrocenium resulted in a drastic increase in the Lewis acidity beyond the strength of SbF5 , which was investigated experimentally and computationally. The resulting highly Lewis acidic boron compounds were used for catalytic C-F and S-F bond activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Köring
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Arne Stepen
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Bernhard Birenheide
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Simon Barth
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maxim Leskov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Felix Krämer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan Paradies
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Menachekanian S, Voegtle MJ, Warburton RE, Hammes-Schiffer S, Dawlaty JM. Inductive Effect Alone Cannot Explain Lewis Adduct Formation and Dissociation at Electrode Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5759-5768. [PMID: 36862607 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding breaking and formation of Lewis bonds at an electrified interface is relevant to a large range of phenomena, including electrocatalysis and electroadsorption. The complexities of interfacial environments and associated reactions often impede a systematic understanding of this type of bond at interfaces. To address this challenge, we report the creation of a main group classic Lewis acid-base adduct on an electrode surface and its behavior under varying electrode potentials. The Lewis base is a self-assembled monolayer of mercaptopyridine and the Lewis acid is BF3, forming a Lewis bond between nitrogen and boron. The bond is stable at positive potentials but cleaves at potentials more negative of approximately -0.3 V vs Ag/AgCl without an associated current. We also show that if the Lewis acid BF3 is supplied from a reservoir of Li+BF4- electrolyte, the cleavage is completely reversible. We propose that the N-B Lewis bond is affected both by the field-induced intramolecular polarization (electroinduction) and by the ionic structures and ionic equilibria near the electrode. Our results indicate that the second effect is responsible for the Lewis bond cleavage at negative potentials. This work is relevant to understanding the fundamentals of electrocatalytic and electroadsorption processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevan Menachekanian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Matthew J Voegtle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | | | - Jahan M Dawlaty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gao B, Han Z, Meng W, Feng X, Du H. Asymmetric Reduction of Quinolines: A Competition between Enantioselective Transfer Hydrogenation and Racemic Borane Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36799068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
A chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of quinolines with regenerable dihydrophenanthridine derived by a borane-catalyzed hydrogenation of phenanthridine under H2 has been successfully realized. Despite the competition of a racemic hydrogenation pathway, a variety of tetrahydroquinolines were furnished in high yields with up to 91% ee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zaiqi Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangqing Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Alharbi MM, van Ingen Y, Roldan A, Kaehler T, Melen RL. Synthesis and lewis acidity of fluorinated triaryl borates. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1820-1825. [PMID: 36661186 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04095f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of fluorinated triaryl borates B(OArF)3 (ArF = 2-FC6H4, 3-FC6H4, 4-FC6H4, 2,4-F2C6H3, 3,5-F2C6H3, 2,3,4-F3C6H2, 2,4,6-F3C6H2, 3,4,5-F3C6H2) have been prepared and isolated from the reactions of the mono-, di-, or tri-fluorophenol with BCl3. The Lewis acidity of these borates has been determined by NMR spectroscopic and theoretical methods and compared to their well-established borane counterpart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mashael M Alharbi
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK. .,Department of Chemistry, King Faisal University, College of Science, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara van Ingen
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
| | - Alberto Roldan
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
| | - Tanja Kaehler
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
| | - Rebecca L Melen
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wickemeyer L, Hartmann L, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. Differences in the Reactivity of Geminal Si-O-P and Al-O-P Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202842. [PMID: 36349870 PMCID: PMC10107522 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The new oxygen-bridged geminal Si/P Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) tBu2 P-O-Si(C2 F5 )3 (2) is able to reversibly bind carbon dioxide at ambient temperature. We compared its reactivity towards benzil, but-3-en-2-one, nitriles and phenylacetylene to that of the Al/P FLP tBu2 P-O-AlBis2 (Bis=-CH(SiMe3 )2 ) (1). When reacted with benzil, both, 1 and 2, form the 1,2-addition product, but in the Si/P FLP 2, the second carbonyl function additionally binds to the silicon atom. With but-3-en-2-one 2 forms the 1,2-addition product, while 1 binds in 1,4-position. The reaction with acetonitrile yielded an unexpected etheneimine adduct for both systems, while only 1 reacted with tert-butylnitrile. With benzonitrile and acrylonitrile, 2 showed reversible addition to the C≡N bond and 1 forms a stable adduct with benzonitrile. Solely 1 shows reactivity towards phenylacetylene affording a mixture of the CH deprotonation adduct tBu2 P(H)-O-AlBis2 (CCPh) and the FLP -C≡C 1,2-addition adduct under ring formation. All compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, XRD and elemental analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wickemeyer
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Lukas Hartmann
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
A Computational Mechanistic Study of the Cleavage of Sulfur-Sulfur Bond by Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Tetrahedron Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
|
48
|
Cui G, Feng X, Du H. B(C 6F 5) 3-catalyzed metal-free hydrogenation of 2-oxazolones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:499-502. [PMID: 36519305 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01950g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free hydrogenation of 2-oxazolones was successfully realized by using 10 mol% of B(C6F5)3 as the catalyst, giving a variety of 2-oxazolidinones in 70-98% yields. An enamine to imine process was believed to be involved in this reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangqing Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Qu ZW, Zhu H, Streubel R, Grimme S. Organo-Group 2 Metal-Mediated Nucleophilic Alkylation of Benzene: Crucial Role of Strong Cation−π Interaction. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstreet 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hui Zhu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstreet 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Straße 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Straße 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstreet 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang Y, Chen S, Al-Enizi AM, Nafady A, Tang Z, Ma S. Chiral Frustrated Lewis Pair@Metal-Organic Framework as a New Platform for Heterogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213399. [PMID: 36347776 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric hydrogenation, a seminal strategy for the synthesis of chiral molecules, remains largely unmet in terms of activation by non-metal sites of heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, as demonstrated by combined computational and experimental studies, we present a general strategy for integrating rationally designed molecular chiral frustrated Lewis pair (CFLP) with porous metal-organic framework (MOF) to construct the catalyst CFLP@MOF that can efficiently promote the asymmetric hydrogenation in a heterogeneous manner, which for the first time extends the concept of chiral frustrated Lewis pair from homogeneous system to heterogeneous catalysis. Significantly, the developed CFLP@MOF, inherits the merits of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, with high activity/enantio-selectivity and excellent recyclability/regenerability. Our work not only advances CFLP@MOF as a new platform for heterogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation, but also opens a new avenue for the design and preparation of advanced catalysts for asymmetric catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W Mulberry St, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Songbo Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, P.R. China
| | - Abdullah M Al-Enizi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, No.11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, 100190, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W Mulberry St, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| |
Collapse
|