1
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He Z, Dydio P. Photoinduced Cu(II)-Mediated Decarboxylative Thianthrenation of Aryl and Heteroaryl Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202410616. [PMID: 39012681 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Given that (hetero)aryl carboxylic acids are inexpensive materials available in a great variety from commercial and natural resources or synthesis, the strategies enabling their use as starting materials for preparing fine chemicals are highly sought after. Here we report a photoinduced Cu(II)-mediated protocol converting (hetero)aryl carboxylic acids into (hetero)aryl thianthrenium salts, high value-added building blocks that can undergo various subsequent transformations, creating an attractive two-step pathway for the divergent functionalization of these ubiquitous starting materials. The excellent compatibility of the method is shown by preparing a broad range of sterically and electronically varied (hetero)aryl thianthrenium salts, including derivatives of pharmaceuticals, such as ataluren, celecoxib, flavoxate, probenecid, repaglinide, and tamibarotene. The syntheses of 13 C-labeled probenecid and bioisosteres of ataluren as well as the unconventional modifications of celecoxib and flavoxate, illustrate the synthetic potential of the strategy. Mechanistic studies are in line with a reaction occurring through a photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) of Cu(II)-arylcarboxylates, enabling radical decarboxylative carbometallation to form arylcopper(II) intermediates that in turn react with thianthrene to form the product. Noteworthy, the susceptibility of aryl thianthrenium salts to photodegradation is overcome by a Cu(I)-driven salvage loop, which continuously intercepts the transiently formed radicals and regenerates the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen He
- University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paweł Dydio
- University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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2
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Hu AM, Tu JL, Wang K, Yin J, Guo L, Yang C, Xia W. Photoinduced Ligand-to-Copper Charge Transfer for Aryl Decarboxylative Allylation, Thiolation, and Bromination. Org Lett 2024; 26:8572-8576. [PMID: 39330937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Herein, aryl decarboxylative allylation, thiolation, and bromination reactions via photoinduced ligand-to-copper charge transfer are described. Utilizing inexpensive copper metal, the transformations of various aryl carboxylic acids enable the rapid synthesis of the corresponding alkene, thioether, and aryl bromide derivatives under visible light irradiation, which offers significant synthetic value. The reaction conditions are mild and straightforward, exhibiting a broad substrate compatibility. Furthermore, this method can be applied for the late-stage modification of complex drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Men Hu
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jia-Lin Tu
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiawen Yin
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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3
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Mondal S, Mandal S, Mondal S, Midya SP, Ghosh P. Photocatalytic decarboxylation of free carboxylic acids and their functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9645-9658. [PMID: 39120531 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03189j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Visible light mediated decarboxylative functionalization of carboxylic acids and their derivatives has recently emerged as a novel and powerful toolkit for small molecule activation in diverse carbon-carbon and carbon-hetero bond forming reactions. Naturally abundant highly functionalized bench-stable carboxylic acid analogs have been employed as promising alternatives to non-trivial organometallic reagents for mild and eco-benign synthetic transformation with traceless CO2 by-products. In this highlight article, we focus on the development of various photodecarboxylative functionalization strategies along with intra/inter-molecular cyclization via concerted single electron transfer (SET) or energy transfer (ET) pathways. Moreover, widely explored carboxylic acids are systematically classified here into four categories; i.e., α-keto, aliphatic, α,β-unsaturated, and aromatic analogs for a concise overview to the readership. The association of decarboxylative radical species with coupling partners to construct C-C and C-N/O/S/P/X bonds for each analogous acid has been presented in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subal Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Subham Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Soumya Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Siba P Midya
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
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4
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Tu JL, Huang B. Titanium in photocatalytic organic transformations: current applications and future developments. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6650-6664. [PMID: 39118484 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01152j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Titanium, as an important transition metal, has garnered extensive attention in both industry and academia due to its excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and unique reactivity in organic synthesis. In the field of organic photocatalysis, titanium-based compounds such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), titanocenes (Cp2TiCl2, CpTiCl3), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), tetrakis(isopropoxy)titanium (Ti(OiPr)4), and chiral titanium complexes have demonstrated distinct reactivity and selectivity. This review focuses on the roles of these titanium compounds in photocatalytic organic reactions, and highlights the reaction pathways such as photo-induced single-electron transfer (SET) and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). By systematically surveying the latest advancements in titanium-involved organic photocatalysis, this review aims to provide references for further research and technological innovation within this fast-developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Tu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519085, China.
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Binbin Huang
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519085, China.
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5
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Jiang X, Lan Y, Hao Y, Jiang K, He J, Zhu J, Jia S, Song J, Li SJ, Niu L. Iron photocatalysis via Brønsted acid-unlocked ligand-to-metal charge transfer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6115. [PMID: 39033136 PMCID: PMC11271273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Reforming sustainable 3d-metal-based visible light catalytic platforms for inert bulk chemical activation is highly desirable. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a Brønsted acid to unlock robust and practical iron ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) photocatalysis for the activation of multifarious inert haloalkylcarboxylates (CnXmCOO-, X = F or Cl) to produce CnXm radicals. This process enables the fluoro-polyhaloalkylation of non-activated alkenes by combining easily available Selectfluor as a fluorine source. Valuable alkyl fluorides including potential drug molecules can be easily obtained through this protocol. Mechanistic studies indicate that the real light-harvesting species may derive from the in situ-assembly of Fe3+, CnXmCOO-, H+, and acetonitrile solvent, in which the Brønsted acid indeed increases the efficiency of LMCT between the iron center and CnXmCOO- via hydrogen-bond interactions. We anticipate that this Brønsted acid-unlocked iron LMCT platform would be an intriguing sustainable option to execute the activation of inert compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Jiang
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Theory and Mechanism, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Yudong Hao
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Kui Jiang
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jing He
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Shiqi Jia
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
| | - Linbin Niu
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
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Okamoto K, Ueno T, Hato Y, Kawaguchi Y, Hakogi T, Majima S, Ohara T, Hagihara M, Tanimoto N, Tsuritani T. Stereoselective Synthesis of Baloxavir Marboxil Using Diastereoselective Cyclization and Photoredox Decarboxylation of l-Serine. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9937-9948. [PMID: 38985331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Baloxavir marboxil (1; BXM) is a potent drug used for treating influenza infections. The current synthetic route to BXM (1) is based on optical resolution; however, this method results in the loss of nearly 50% of the material. This study aimed to describe an efficient and simpler method for the synthesis of BXM. We achieved a stereoselective synthesis of BXM (1). The tricyclic triazinanone core possessing a chiral center was prepared via diastereoselective cyclization utilizing the readily available amino acid l-serine. The carboxyl moiety derived from l-serine was removed via photoredox decarboxylation under mild conditions to furnish the chiral tricyclic triazinanone core ((R)-14). The synthetic route demonstrated herein provides an efficient and atomically economical method for preparing this potent anti-influenza agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Okamoto
- Technology Development Division, Shionogi Pharma & Co., Ltd., 1-3, Kuise Terajima 2-Chome, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ueno
- Drug Discovery Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-Chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hato
- Drug Discovery Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-Chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kawaguchi
- Pharmaceutical Technology Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-3, Kuise Terajima 2-Chome, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hakogi
- Technology Development Division, Shionogi Pharma & Co., Ltd., 1-3, Kuise Terajima 2-Chome, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
| | - Shohei Majima
- Technology Development Division, Shionogi Pharma & Co., Ltd., 1-3, Kuise Terajima 2-Chome, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ohara
- Pharmaceutical Technology Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-3, Kuise Terajima 2-Chome, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Hagihara
- Pharmaceutical Technology Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-3, Kuise Terajima 2-Chome, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
| | - Norihiko Tanimoto
- Pharmaceutical Technology Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-3, Kuise Terajima 2-Chome, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tsuritani
- Pharmaceutical Technology Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-3, Kuise Terajima 2-Chome, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
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7
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Treacy SM, Rovis T. Photoinduced Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer in Base-Metal Catalysis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2024; 56:1967-1978. [PMID: 38962497 PMCID: PMC11218547 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The absorption of light by photosensitizers has been shown to offer novel reactive pathways through electronic excited state intermediates, complementing ground state mechanisms. Such strategies have been applied in both photocatalysis and photoredox catalysis, driven by generating reactive intermediates from their long-lived excited states. One developing area is photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) catalysis, in which coordination of a ligand to a metal center and subsequent excitation with light results in the formation of a reactive radical and a reduced metal center. This mini review concerns the foundations and recent developments in ligand-to-metal charge transfer in transition metal catalysis focusing on the organic transformations made possible through this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Treacy
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - T Rovis
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, New York, NY 10027, USA
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8
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Pan XY, Sun GX, Huang FP, Qin WJ, Teng QH, Wang K. Photogenerated chlorine radicals activate C(sp3)-H bonds of alkylbenzenes to access quinazolinones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2968-2973. [PMID: 38529682 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00129j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
An Fe-catalyzed visible-light induced condensation of alkylbenzenes with anthranilamides has been developed. Upon irradiation, the trivalent iron complex could generate chlorine radicals, which successfully abstracted the hydrogen of benzylic C-H bonds to form benzyl radicals. And these benzyl radicals were converted into oxygenated products under air conditions, which subsequently reacted with anthranilamides for the synthesis of quinazolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yao Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Gui-Xia Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Fang-Ping Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Wen-Jian Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Qing-Hu Teng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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9
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Mao X, Zhang M, Wang M, Lei H, Dong C, Shen R, Zhang H, Chen C, Hu J, Wu G. Highly efficient catalytic Fenton-Like reactions of bimetallic Fe/Cu chelated on radiation functionalized nonwoven fabric for pollutant control. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133752. [PMID: 38350320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
A remarkably efficient and affordable Fe/Cu bimetallic catalyst featuring a substantial light energy utilization and compatibility with a sizable substrate was developed for Fenton-like reactions aimed at pollutant control. Specifically, a novel strategy was employed to synthesize high-density metal sites (Fe:Cu ≈ 3:1) robustly embedded on polyethylene/polyethylene terephthalate nonwoven fabric (PE/PET NWF) via radiation-induced graft polymerization (RIGP) and subsequent chemical modification, labeled as Fe/Cu-PPAO. Its high effectiveness was demonstrated by degrading 50 mg/L of tetracycline hydrochloride within 30 min in the presence of H2O2 under simulate sunlight irradiation. It was investigated that amidoxime groups regulated the optical gaps and HOMO-LUMO gaps of metal ions to enable the absorption of a broader spectrum light while the Cu2+ facilitated the transfer of electrons between the bimetal ions to achieve an improved reaction path. Furthermore, X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations further revealed its special complex state and delicate electronic structure between bimetal ions and amidoxime groups. Our study offers a new strategy to synthesize high-density bimetallic sites catalyst for environmental remediation and pushes forward insight into understanding the catalytic mechanism of bimetallic Fenton-like catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhi Mao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2019 Jialuo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Maojiang Zhang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chizhou University, Chizhou, Anhui 247000, PR China
| | - Minglei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2019 Jialuo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, PR China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Heng Lei
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2019 Jialuo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, PR China; School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Chunlei Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2019 Jialuo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, PR China; College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chizhou University, Chizhou, Anhui 247000, PR China
| | - Rongfang Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2019 Jialuo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, RP China
| | - Chaorong Chen
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Jiangtao Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2019 Jialuo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, PR China.
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2019 Jialuo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, PR China; School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
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10
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Qian J, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Hu P. Decarboxylative halogenation of aliphatic carboxylic acids catalyzed by iron salts under visible light. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2764-2767. [PMID: 38353608 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
In this article, we report a general protocol for the direct decarboxylative chlorination, iodination, and bromination of aliphatic carboxylic acids catalyzed by iron salts under visible light. This method enjoys a broad substrate scope with good functional group compatibility, including complex natural products. Benzylic and allylic C(sp3)-H bonds can be retained under the oxidative halogenation conditions. This method also shows application potential for late-stage functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Qian
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Weining Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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11
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Fernández-García S, Chantzakou VO, Juliá-Hernández F. Direct Decarboxylation of Trifluoroacetates Enabled by Iron Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202311984. [PMID: 38088503 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoroacetates are the most abundant and accessible sources of trifluoromethyl groups, which are key components in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The generation of trifluoromethyl reactive radicals from trifluoroacetates requires their decarboxylation, which is hampered by their high oxidation potential. This constitutes a major challenge for redox-based methods, because of the need to pair the redox potentials with trifluoroacetate. Here we report a strategy based on iron photocatalysis to promote the direct photodecarboxylation of trifluoroacetates that displays reactivity features that escape from redox limitations. Our synthetic design has enabled the use of trifluoroacetates for the trifluoromethylation of more easily oxidizable organic substrates, offering new opportunities for late-stage derivatization campaigns using chemical feedstocks, Earth-abundant catalysts, and visible-light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Veronika O Chantzakou
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Juliá-Hernández
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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12
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Jing R, Powell WC, Fisch KJ, Walczak MA. Desulfurative Borylation of Small Molecules, Peptides, and Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22354-22360. [PMID: 37812507 PMCID: PMC10594600 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a direct conversion of alkyl thiols into boronic acids, facilitated by a water-soluble phosphine, 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA), in conjunction with tetrahydroxydiboron (B2(OH)4), acting as both a radical initiator and a boron source. This desulfurative borylation reaction has been successfully applied to various substrates, including cysteine residues in oligopeptides and small proteins, primary alkyl thiols found in pharmaceutical compounds, disulfides, and selenocysteine. Optimization of reaction conditions was undertaken to reduce the formation of unwanted reactions, such as the reduction of alanyl or other primary radicals, and to prevent deleterious reactions between the phosphine and N-terminal amine that lead to methylene adducts by utilizing a buffer containing glycine-glycine (GG) dipeptide. The developed method is characterized by its operational simplicity and robustness. Moreover, its compatibility with various functional groups present in peptides and proteins makes it a promising tool for late-stage functionalization, extending its potential application across a broad spectrum of chemical and biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiheng Jing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Wyatt C Powell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kyle J Fisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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13
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Pedersen PS, Blakemore DC, Chinigo GM, Knauber T, MacMillan DWC. One-Pot Synthesis of Sulfonamides from Unactivated Acids and Amines via Aromatic Decarboxylative Halosulfonylation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21189-21196. [PMID: 37729614 PMCID: PMC10680120 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of carboxylic acids and amines to form amide linkages is the most commonly performed reaction in the pharmaceutical industry. Herein, we report a new strategy that merges these traditional amide coupling partners to generate sulfonamides, important amide bioisosteres. This method leverages copper ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) to convert aromatic acids to sulfonyl chlorides, followed by one-pot amination to form the corresponding sulfonamide. This process requires no prefunctionalization of the native acid or amine and extends to a diverse set of aryl, heteroaryl, and s-rich aliphatic substrates. Further, we extend this strategy to the synthesis of (hetero)aryl sulfonyl fluorides, which have found utility as "click" handles in chemical probes and programmable bifunctional reagents. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of these protocols in pharmaceutical analogue synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Scott Pedersen
- Merck Center for Catalysis, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David C Blakemore
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gary M Chinigo
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thomas Knauber
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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14
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Singh S, Shinde VN, Kumar S, Meena N, Bhuvanesh N, Rangan K, Kumar A, Joshi H. Mono and Dinuclear Palladium Pincer Complexes of NNSe Ligand as a Catalyst for Decarboxylative Direct C-H Heteroarylation of (Hetero)arenes. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300628. [PMID: 37602812 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis of a new NNSe pincer ligand and its mono- and dinuclear palladium(II) pincer complexes. In the absence of a base, a dinuclear palladium pincer complex (C1) was isolated, while in the presence of Et3 N base a mononuclear palladium pincer complex (C2) was obtained. The new ligand and complexes were characterized using techniques like 1 H, 13 C{1 H} nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Visible), and cyclic voltammetry. Both the complexes showed pincer coordination mode with a distorted square planar geometry. The complex C1 has two pincer ligands attached through a Pd-Pd bond in a dinuclear pincer fashion. The air and moisture-insensitive, thermally robust palladium pincer complexes were used as the catalyst for decarboxylative direct C-H heteroarylation of (hetero)arenes. Among the complexes, dinuclear pincer complex C1 showed better catalytic activity. A variety of (hetero)arenes were successfully activated (43-87 % yield) using only 2.5 mol % of catalyst loading under mild reaction conditions. The PPh3 and Hg poisoning experiments suggested a homogeneous nature of catalysis. A plausible reaction pathway was proposed for the dinuclear palladium pincer complex catalyzed decarboxylative C-H bond activation reaction of (hetero)arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohan Singh
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Vikki N Shinde
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Neha Meena
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Krishnan Rangan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Hemant Joshi
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
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15
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Dang Q, Chen J, Li T, Liu L, Huang T, Li C, Chen T. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Annulation of 2-Arylbenzoic Acids with Internal Alkynes toward Phenanthrenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12808-12815. [PMID: 37589566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed decarbonylative annulation of 2-arylbenzoic acids with internal alkynes via C(sp2)-H activation has been developed. A series of phenanthrenes were produced in moderate to good yield with good functional group tolerance. The mechanism study indicated that the C(sp2)-H activation should be the rate-determining step during the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Tianbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Tianzeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Chunya Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
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16
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Wang PZ, Chen JR, Xiao WJ. Emerging Trends in Copper-Promoted Radical-Involved C-O Bond Formations. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17527-17550. [PMID: 37531466 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The C-O bond is ubiquitous in biologically active molecules, pharmaceutical agents, and functional materials, thereby making it an important functional group. Consequently, the development of C-O bond-forming reactions using catalytic strategies has become an increasingly important research topic in organic synthesis because more conventional methods involving strong base and acid have many limitations. In contrast to the ionic-pathway-based methods, copper-promoted radical-mediated C-O bond formation is experiencing a surge in research interest owing to a renaissance in free-radical chemistry and photoredox catalysis. This Perspective highlights and appraises state-of-the-art techniques in this burgeoning research field. The contents are organized according to the different reaction types and working models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Zi Wang
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 North Bingang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430083, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 North Bingang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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17
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Qi XK, Zheng MJ, Yang C, Zhao Y, Guo L, Xia W. Metal-Free Amino(hetero)arylation and Aminosulfonylation of Alkenes Enabled by Photoinduced Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16630-16641. [PMID: 37486736 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
β-(Hetero)arylethylamines are privileged structural motifs found in many high-value organic molecules, including pharmaceuticals and natural products. To construct these important molecular skeletons, previous methods are mainly achieved by amino(hetero)arylation reaction with the aid of transition metals and preactivated substrates. Herein, we report a metal-free and photoinduced intermolecular amino(hetero)arylation reaction for the single-step installation of both (hetero)aryl and iminyl groups across alkenes in an efficient and regioselective manner. This method shows broad scope (up to 124 examples) and excellent tolerance of various olefins─from the simplest ethylene to complex multisubstituted alkenes can all participate in the reaction. Furthermore, aminosulfonylation of alkenes can be also conducted in the presence of sodium bisulfite as the SO2 source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Kuan Qi
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Meng-Jie Zheng
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
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18
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Mahjour B, Zhang R, Shen Y, McGrath A, Zhao R, Mohamed OG, Lin Y, Zhang Z, Douthwaite JL, Tripathi A, Cernak T. Rapid planning and analysis of high-throughput experiment arrays for reaction discovery. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3924. [PMID: 37400469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39531-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput experimentation (HTE) is an increasingly important tool in reaction discovery. While the hardware for running HTE in the chemical laboratory has evolved significantly in recent years, there remains a need for software solutions to navigate data-rich experiments. Here we have developed phactor™, a software that facilitates the performance and analysis of HTE in a chemical laboratory. phactor™ allows experimentalists to rapidly design arrays of chemical reactions or direct-to-biology experiments in 24, 96, 384, or 1,536 wellplates. Users can access online reagent data, such as a chemical inventory, to virtually populate wells with experiments and produce instructions to perform the reaction array manually, or with the assistance of a liquid handling robot. After completion of the reaction array, analytical results can be uploaded for facile evaluation, and to guide the next series of experiments. All chemical data, metadata, and results are stored in machine-readable formats that are readily translatable to various software. We also demonstrate the use of phactor™ in the discovery of several chemistries, including the identification of a low micromolar inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Furthermore, phactor™ has been made available for free academic use in 24- and 96-well formats via an online interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Mahjour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuning Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew McGrath
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ruheng Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Osama G Mohamed
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yingfu Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zirong Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James L Douthwaite
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tim Cernak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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19
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Lutovsky GA, Gockel SN, Bundesmann MW, Bagley SW, Yoon TP. Iron-mediated modular decarboxylative cross-nucleophile coupling. Chem 2023; 9:1610-1621. [PMID: 37637494 PMCID: PMC10449378 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are valuable building blocks for pharmaceutical discovery because of their chemical stability, commercial availability, and structural diversity. Decarboxylative coupling reactions enable versatile functionalization of these feedstock chemicals, but many of the most general methods require prefunctionalization of carboxylic acids with redox-active moieties. These internal oxidants can be costly, their installation impedes rapid library synthesis, and their use results in environmentally problematic organic byproducts. We report herein a method for the direct decarboxylative cross-coupling of native carboxylic acids with nucleophilic coupling partners mediated by inexpensive, terrestrially abundant, and nontoxic Fe(III) salts. This method involves an initial photochemical decarboxylation followed by radical-polar crossover, which enables the construction of diverse carbon-carbon, carbon-oxygen, and carbon-nitrogen bonds with remarkable generality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A. Lutovsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Samuel N. Gockel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Boulevard, Pueblo, CO 81001, USA
| | | | - Scott W. Bagley
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Tehshik P. Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Lead contact
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20
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Wang J, Ehehalt LE, Huang Z, Beleh OM, Guzei IA, Weix DJ. Formation of C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Bonds Instead of Amide C-N Bonds from Carboxylic Acid and Amine Substrate Pools by Decarbonylative Cross-Electrophile Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9951-9958. [PMID: 37126234 PMCID: PMC10175239 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-heteroatom bonds, most often amide and ester bonds, are the standard method to link together two complex fragments because carboxylic acids, amines, and alcohols are ubiquitous and the reactions are reliable. However, C-N and C-O linkages are often a metabolic liability because they are prone to hydrolysis. While C(sp2)-C(sp3) linkages are preferable in many cases, methods to make them require different starting materials or are less functional-group-compatible. We show here a new, decarbonylative reaction that forms C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds from the reaction of activated carboxylic acids (via 2-pyridyl esters) with activated alkyl groups derived from amines (via N-alkyl pyridinium salts) and alcohols (via alkyl halides). Key to this process is a remarkably fast, reversible oxidative addition/decarbonylation sequence enabled by pyridone and bipyridine ligands that, under reaction conditions that purge CO(g), lead to a selective reaction. The conditions are mild enough to allow coupling of more complex fragments, such as those used in drug development, and this is demonstrated in the coupling of a typical Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) anchor with common linkers via C-C linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhidao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Omar M. Beleh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daniel J. Weix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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21
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Golden DL, Zhang C, Chen SJ, Vasilopoulos A, Guzei IA, Stahl SS. Benzylic C-H Esterification with Limiting C-H Substrate Enabled by Photochemical Redox Buffering of the Cu Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9434-9440. [PMID: 37084265 PMCID: PMC10510071 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed radical-relay reactions provide a versatile strategy for selective C-H functionalization; however, reactions with peroxide-based oxidants often require excess C-H substrate. Here, we report a photochemical strategy to overcome this limitation by using a Cu/2,2'-biquinoline catalyst that supports benzylic C-H esterification with limiting C-H substrate. Mechanistic studies indicate that blue-light irradiation promotes carboxylate-to-copper charge transfer, reducing resting-state CuII to CuI, which activates the peroxide to generate an alkoxyl radical hydrogen-atom-transfer species. This "photochemical redox buffering" introduces a unique strategy to sustain the activity of Cu catalysts in radical-relay reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung L. Golden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Present Address: Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Si-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Present Address: Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Aristidis Vasilopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Present Address: AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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22
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Tu JL, Hu AM, Guo L, Xia W. Iron-Catalyzed C(Sp 3)-H Borylation, Thiolation, and Sulfinylation Enabled by Photoinduced Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7600-7611. [PMID: 36958308 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic C(sp3)-H functionalization has provided enormous opportunities to construct organic molecules, facilitating the derivatization of complex pharmaceutical compounds. Within this framework, direct hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) photocatalysis becomes an appealing approach to this goal. However, the viable substrates utilized in these protocols are limited, and the site selectivity shows preference to activated and thermodynamically favored C(sp3)-H bonds. Herein, we describe the development of undirected iron-catalyzed C(sp3)-H borylation, thiolation, and sulfinylation reactions enabled by the photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) process. These reactions exhibit remarkably broad substrate scope (>150 examples in total), and most importantly, all of these three reactions show unconventional regioselectivity, with the occurrence of C(sp3)-H borylation, thiolation, and sulfinylation preferentially at the distal methyl position. The procedures are operationally simple and readily scalable and provide access to high-value products from simple hydrocarbons in one step. Mechanistic studies and control experiments indicate that the afforded site selectivity is not only relevant to the HAT species but also largely affected by the use of boron- and sulfone-based radical acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Tu
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ao-Men Hu
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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23
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Gao H, Guo L, Zhu Y, Yang C, Xia W. Visible-light-induced dehydrogenative amidation of aldehydes enabled by iron salts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2771-2774. [PMID: 36786156 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
A direct dehydrogenative amidation reaction of aldehydes and amines under a visible light mediated ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) process was described. In this protocol, aldehyde substrates were activated by photoinduced hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA), generating acyl chloride intermediates followed by nucleophilic addition of amines. The synthetic method furnishes good functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope toward both aliphatic and aromatic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yining Zhu
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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24
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Su W, Xu P, Petzold R, Yan J, Ritter T. Ligand-to-Copper Charge-Transfer-Enabled C-H Sulfoximination of Arenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:1025-1029. [PMID: 36735864 PMCID: PMC9942232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a photoinduced sulfoximine-to-copper charge-transfer-enabled generation of sulfoximinyl radicals directly from NH-sulfoximines for C-H sulfoximination of arenes via radical addition. Through copper-LMCT, N-arylation of NH-sulfoximines was achieved for the first time using arenes of different electronic structures as the aryl donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Su
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany,Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Roland Petzold
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jiyao Yan
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany,Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany,
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25
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An Q, Xing YY, Pu R, Jia M, Chen Y, Hu A, Zhang SQ, Yu N, Du J, Zhang Y, Chen J, Liu W, Hong X, Zuo Z. Identification of Alkoxy Radicals as Hydrogen Atom Transfer Agents in Ce-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:359-376. [PMID: 36538367 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The intermediacy of alkoxy radicals in cerium-catalyzed C-H functionalization via H-atom abstraction has been unambiguously confirmed. Catalytically relevant Ce(IV)-alkoxide complexes have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. Operando electron paramagnetic resonance and transient absorption spectroscopy experiments on isolated pentachloro Ce(IV) alkoxides identified alkoxy radicals as the sole heteroatom-centered radical species generated via ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) excitation. Alkoxy-radical-mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) has been verified via kinetic analysis, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and reactions under strictly chloride-free conditions. These experimental findings unambiguously establish the critical role of alkoxy radicals in Ce-LMCT catalysis and definitively preclude the involvement of chlorine radical. This study has also reinforced the necessity of a high relative ratio of alcohol vs Ce for the selective alkoxy-radical-mediated HAT, as seemingly trivial changes in the relative ratio of alcohol vs Ce can lead to drastically different mechanistic pathways. Importantly, the previously proposed chlorine radical-alcohol complex, postulated to explain alkoxy-radical-enabled selectivities in this system, has been examined under scrutiny and ruled out by regioselectivity studies, transient absorption experiments, and high-level calculations. Moreover, the peculiar selectivity of alkoxy radical generation in the LMCT homolysis of Ce(IV) heteroleptic complexes has been analyzed and back-electron transfer (BET) may have regulated the efficiency and selectivity for the formation of ligand-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing An
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang-Yang Xing
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street NO. 2, Beijing 100190, China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruihua Pu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Menghui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuegang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Anhua Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street NO. 2, Beijing 100190, China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jianbo Du
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street NO. 2, Beijing 100190, China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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26
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He XX, Chang HH, Zhao YX, Li XJ, Liu SA, Zang ZL, Zhou CH, Cai GX. CuCl 2 -Catalyzed α-Chloroketonation of Aromatic Alkenes via Visible-Light-Induced LMCT. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202200954. [PMID: 36378015 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a copper-catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of α-chloroketones from aromatic alkenes including electron-deficient olefins under visible-light irradiation. Preliminary mechanistic studies show that the peroxo Cu(II) species is the key intermediate and hydroperoxyl (HOO⋅) and chlorine (Cl⋅) radicals can be generated by ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xian He
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Chang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Xue Zhao
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Jie Li
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-An Liu
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Lin Zang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Xin Cai
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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27
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Beil SB, Chen TQ, Intermaggio NE, MacMillan DWC. Carboxylic Acids as Adaptive Functional Groups in Metallaphotoredox Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3481-3494. [PMID: 36472093 PMCID: PMC10680106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling methods for the activation of C(sp2)-Br bonds facilitated access to arene-rich molecules, enabling a concomitant increase in the prevalence of this structural motif in drug molecules in recent decades. Today, there is a growing appreciation of the value of incorporating saturated C(sp3)-rich scaffolds into pharmaceutically active molecules as a means to achieve improved solubility and physiological stability, providing the impetus to develop new coupling strategies to access these challenging motifs in the most straightforward way possible. As an alternative to classical two-electron chemistry, redox chemistry can enable access to elusive transformations, most recently, by interfacing abundant first-row transition-metal catalysis with photoredox catalysis. As such, the functionalization of ubiquitous and versatile functional handles such as (aliphatic) carboxylic acids via metallaphotoredox catalysis has emerged as a valuable field of research over the past eight years.In this Account, we will outline recent progress in the development of methodologies that employ aliphatic and (hetero)aromatic carboxylic acids as adaptive functional groups. Whereas recent decarboxylative functionalization methodologies often necessitate preactivated aliphatic carboxylic acids in the form of redox-active esters or as ligands for hypervalent iodine reagents, methods that enable the direct use of the native carboxylic acid functionality are highly desired and have been accomplished through metallaphotoredox protocols. As such, we found that bench-stable aliphatic carboxylic acids can undergo diverse transformations, such as alkylation, arylation, amination, and trifluoromethylation, by leveraging metallaphotoredox catalysis with prevalent first-row transition metals such as nickel and copper. Likewise, abundant aryl carboxylic acids are now able to undergo halogenation and borylation, enabling new entry points for traditional, primarily palladium- or copper-catalyzed cross-coupling strategies. Given the breadth of the functional group tolerance of the employed reaction conditions, the late-stage functionalization of abundant carboxylic acids toward desired targets has become a standard tool in reaction design, enabling the synthesis of various diversified drug molecules. The rapid rise of this field has positively inspired pharmaceutical discovery and will be further accelerated by novel reaction development. The achievement of generality through reaction optimization campaigns allows for future breakthroughs that can render protocols more reliable and applicable for industry. This article is intended to highlight, in particular, (i) the employment of aliphatic and (hetero)aryl carboxylic acids as powerful late-stage adaptive functional handles in drug discovery and (ii) the need for the further development of still-elusive and selective transformations.We strongly believe that access to native functionalities such as carboxylic acids as adaptive handles will further inspire researchers across the world to investigate new methodologies for complex molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B Beil
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tiffany Q Chen
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas E Intermaggio
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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28
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Xu P, Su W, Ritter T. Decarboxylative sulfoximination of benzoic acids enabled by photoinduced ligand-to-copper charge transfer. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13611-13616. [PMID: 36507153 PMCID: PMC9682917 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05442f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfoximines are synthetically important scaffolds and serve important roles in drug discovery. Currently, there is no solution to decarboxylative sulfoximination of benzoic acids; although thoroughly investigated, limited substrate scope and harsh reaction conditions still hold back traditional thermal aromatic decarboxylative functionalization. Herein, we realize the first decarboxylative sulfoximination of benzoic acids via photo-induced ligand to copper charge transfer (copper-LMCT)-enabled decarboxylative carbometalation. The transformation proceeds under mild reaction conditions, has a broad substrate scope, and can be applied to late-stage functionalization of complex small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1D-45470 Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Wanqi Su
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1D-45470 Mülheim an der RuhrGermany,Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074 AachenGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1D-45470 Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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29
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Beaudelot J, Oger S, Peruško S, Phan TA, Teunens T, Moucheron C, Evano G. Photoactive Copper Complexes: Properties and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16365-16609. [PMID: 36350324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalyzed and photosensitized chemical processes have seen growing interest recently and have become among the most active areas of chemical research, notably due to their applications in fields such as medicine, chemical synthesis, material science or environmental chemistry. Among all homogeneous catalytic systems reported to date, photoactive copper(I) complexes have been shown to be especially attractive, not only as alternative to noble metal complexes, and have been extensively studied and utilized recently. They are at the core of this review article which is divided into two main sections. The first one focuses on an exhaustive and comprehensive overview of the structural, photophysical and electrochemical properties of mononuclear copper(I) complexes, typical examples highlighting the most critical structural parameters and their impact on the properties being presented to enlighten future design of photoactive copper(I) complexes. The second section is devoted to their main areas of application (photoredox catalysis of organic reactions and polymerization, hydrogen production, photoreduction of carbon dioxide and dye-sensitized solar cells), illustrating their progression from early systems to the current state-of-the-art and showcasing how some limitations of photoactive copper(I) complexes can be overcome with their high versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Beaudelot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Oger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefano Peruško
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tuan-Anh Phan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Titouan Teunens
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000Mons, Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium
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30
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Wei Q, Lee Y, Liang W, Chen X, Mu BS, Cui XY, Wu W, Bai S, Liu Z. Photocatalytic direct borylation of carboxylic acids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7112. [PMID: 36402764 PMCID: PMC9675845 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of high value-added boronic acids from cheap and plentiful carboxylic acids is desirable. To date, the decarboxylative borylation of carboxylic acids is generally realized through the extra step synthesized redox-active ester intermediate or in situ generated carboxylic acid covalent derivatives above 150 °C reaction temperature. Here, we report a direct decarboxylative borylation method of carboxylic acids enabled by visible-light catalysis and that does not require any extra stoichiometric additives or synthesis steps. This operationally simple process produces CO2 and proceeds under mild reaction conditions, in terms of high step economy and good functional group compatibility. A guanidine-based biomimetic active decarboxylative mechanism is proposed and rationalized by mechanistic studies. The methodology reported herein should see broad application extending beyond borylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yuhsuan Lee
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Weiqiu Liang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482Radiochemistry Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Bo-shuai Mu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Xi-Yang Cui
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Wangsuo Wu
- grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482Radiochemistry Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Shuming Bai
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
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31
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Chen L, Li YD, Lv Y, Lu ZH, Yan SJ. Cu-Catalyzed decarboxylative annulation of N-substituted glycines with 3-formylchromones: synthesis of functionalized chromeno[2,3- b]pyrrol-4(1 H)-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10194-10197. [PMID: 36000356 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03816a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel protocol was developed for preparing functionalized chromeno[2,3-b]pyrrol-4(1H)-ones 3 (CMPOs) from 3-formylchromones with N-substituted glycine derivatives. The method entailed decarboxylative annulation of the acyl group of 3-formylchromones by simply heating a mixture of substrates 1-2 and toluene oxidized by 2-di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) and catalyzed by CuBr. As a result, a series of CMPOs 3 were produced via a cascade reaction. This protocol can be used to synthesize functionalized CMPOs via combinatorial and parallel syntheses in a one-pot reaction rather than a tedious multi-step reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan-Da Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Lv
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Zi-Han Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng-Jiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China.
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32
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Li W, Liu J, Zhou M, Ma L, Zhang M. Visible light-enabled regioselective chlorination of coumarins using CuCl 2via LMCT excitation. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6667-6672. [PMID: 35943174 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01134d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, regioselective chlorination of coumarins using Earth-abundant and cost-effective CuCl2 under visible light irradiation is reported. A key feature of this protocol is the photocatalytic dissociation of the copper(II) complex in acetonitrile through ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) to give the chlorine atom which then selectively chlorinates the coumarin. This method can chlorinate a broad scope of coumarins with either electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents to regioselectively afford 3-chlorocoumarins in good to excellent yields and can be further extended to other electron-deficient heterocycles and olefins such as flavones, 8-methoxypsoralen and naphthoquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Jinshan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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33
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Juliá F. Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer (LMCT) Photochemistry at 3d‐Metal Complexes: An Emerging Tool for Sustainable Organic Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Juliá
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia: Institut Catala d'Investigacio Quimica Chemistry Av Paisos Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
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34
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Lian P, Li R, Wang L, Wan X, Xiang Z, Wan X. Photoredox aerobic oxidation of unreactive amine derivatives through LMCT excitation of copper dichloride. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the chlorine radical as a HAT catalyst, a versatile oxidation system for unreactive amines has been well established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Lian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zixin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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35
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Zhang Z, Wang X, Sivaguru P, Wang Z. Exploring the synthetic application of sulfinyl radicals. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01403c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarized the applications of sulfinyl radicals in organic chemistry and thoroughly examined the challenges and future development trends of sulfinyl radicals in modern organic chemistry, as well as their structures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Paramasivam Sivaguru
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zikun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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