1
|
Yin B, Wang C, Xie S, Gu J, Sheng H, Wang DX, Yao J, Zhang C. Regulating Spin Density using TEMPOL Molecules for Enhanced CO 2-to-Ethylene Conversion by HKUST-1 Framework Derived Electrocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405873. [PMID: 38709722 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The selectivity of multicarbon products in the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) depends on the spin alignment of neighboring active sites, which requires a spin catalyst that facilitates electron transfer with antiparallel spins for enhanced C-C coupling. Here, we design a radical-contained spin catalyst (TEMPOL@HKUST-1) to enhance CO2-to-ethylene conversion, in which spin-disordered (SDO) and spin-ordered (SO) phases co-exist to construct an asymmetric spin configuration of neighboring active sites. The replacement of axially coordinated H2O molecules with TEMPOL radicals introduces spin-spin interactions among the Cu(II) centers to form localized SO phases within the original H2O-mediated SDO phases. Therefore, TEMPOL@HKUST-1 derived catalyst exhibited an approximately two-fold enhancement in ethylene selectivity during the CO2RR at -1.8 V versus Ag/AgCl compared to pristine HKUST-1. In situ ATR-SEIRAS spectra indicate that the spin configuration at asymmetric SO/SDO sites significantly reduces the kinetic barrier for *CO intermediate dimerization toward the ethylene product. The performance of the spin catalyst is further improved by spin alignment under a magnetic field, resulting in a maximum ethylene selectivity of more than 50 %. The exploration of the spin-polarized kinetics of the CO2RR provides a promising path for the development of novel spin electrocatalysts with superior performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baipeng Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Can Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology (MMST) Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Shijie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jianmin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology (MMST) Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Hua Sheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Institute of Molecular Engineering Plus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu Z, Yang S. Endohedral metallofullerene molecular nanomagnets. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2863-2897. [PMID: 38324027 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic lanthanide (Ln) metal complexes exhibiting magnetic bistability can behave as molecular nanomagnets, also known as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), suitable for storing magnetic information at the molecular level, thus attracting extensive interest in the quest for high-density information storage and quantum information technologies. Upon encapsulating Ln ion(s) into fullerene cages, endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) have been proven as a promising and versatile platform to realize chemically robust SMMs, in which the magnetic properties are able to be readily tailored by altering the configurations of the encapsulated species and the host cages. In this review, we present critical discussions on the molecular structures and magnetic characterizations of EMF-SMMs, with the focus on their peculiar molecular and electronic structures and on the intriguing molecular magnetism arising from such structural uniqueness. In this context, different families of magnetic EMFs are summarized, including mononuclear EMF-SMMs wherein single-ion anisotropy is decisive, dinuclear clusterfullerenes whose magnetism is governed by intramolecular magnetic interaction, and radical-bridged dimetallic EMFs with high-spin ground states that arise from the strong ferromagnetic coupling. We then discuss how molecular assemblies of SMMs can be constructed, in a way that the original SMM behavior is either retained or altered in a controlled manner, thanks to the chemical robustness of EMFs. Finally, on the basis of understanding the structure-magnetic property correlation, we propose design strategies for high-performance EMF-SMMs by engineering ligand fields, electronic structures, magnetic interactions, and molecular vibrations that can couple to the spin states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Liu L, Zheng C, Li W, Wang C, Wang T. Embedded nano spin sensor for in situ probing of gas adsorption inside porous organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4922. [PMID: 37582960 PMCID: PMC10427628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spin-based sensors have attracted considerable attention owing to their high sensitivities. Herein, we developed a metallofullerene-based nano spin sensor to probe gas adsorption within porous organic frameworks. For this, spin-active metallofullerene, Sc3C2@C80, was selected and embedded into a nanopore of a pyrene-based covalent organic framework (Py-COF). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy recorded the EPR signals of Sc3C2@C80 within Py-COF after adsorbing N2, CO, CH4, CO2, C3H6, and C3H8. Results indicated that the regularly changing EPR signals of embedded Sc3C2@C80 were associated with the gas adsorption performance of Py-COF. In contrast to traditional adsorption isotherm measurements, this implantable nano spin sensor could probe gas adsorption and desorption with in situ, real-time monitoring. The proposed nano spin sensor was also employed to probe the gas adsorption performance of a metal-organic framework (MOF-177), demonstrating its versatility. The nano spin sensor is thus applicable for quantum sensing and precision measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linshan Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chaofeng Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feng Y, Hu Y, Luo T, Yuan C, Zhu W, Gao M, Huo X. Regulating the electronic and spin structure of endohedral metallofullerenes: a case investigation of Sc 3N@C 80 and Sc 3C 2@C 80. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18734-18740. [PMID: 36453113 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02816f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical and paramagnetic properties of endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) have drawn extensive attention due to their huge potential in the fields of molecular devices, biomedicines, quantum information processing, etc. Exohedral modification of the fullerene carbon cage, such as in the classical Prato reaction, is an effective and facile approach to regulate the electronic structure and molecular dynamics of EMFs. In this work, novel pyrrolidine products of Sc3N@C80 and Sc3C2@C80 were successfully synthesized via Prato reactions using L-cysteine and paraformaldehyde. Structure characterizations demonstrated that two regioisomers with a [5,6] and a [6,6] cycloaddition on the Ih-C80 cage were obtained both for Sc3N@C80 and Sc3C2@C80. Besides, the [6,6]-monoadduct of Sc3N@C80 was thermally stable while the [5,6]-monoadduct exhibited a retro-cycloaddition ability to recover the pristine Sc3N@C80. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the redox potential of Sc3N@C80 could be tuned via such exohedral modifications. Furthermore, the paramagnetic property and internal dynamics of the encapsulated Sc3C2 cluster of Sc3C2@C80 can be well-regulated by controlling the spin density of the molecule. The present work could provide a new approach to regulate the electronic and/or spin structure of EMFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Yuzhu Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Tianmi Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Chengke Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Mengting Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Xuemeng Huo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koutsouflakis E, Krylov D, Bachellier N, Sostina D, Dubrovin V, Liu F, Spree L, Velkos G, Schimmel S, Wang Y, Büchner B, Westerström R, Bulbucan C, Kirkpatrick K, Muntwiler M, Dreiser J, Greber T, Avdoshenko SM, Dorn H, Popov AA. Metamagnetic transition and a loss of magnetic hysteresis caused by electron trapping in monolayers of single-molecule magnet Tb 2@C 79N. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9877-9892. [PMID: 35781298 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08475e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Realization of stable spin states in surface-supported magnetic molecules is crucial for their applications in molecular spintronics, memory storage or quantum information processing. In this work, we studied the surface magnetism of dimetallo-azafullerene Tb2@C79N, showing a broad magnetic hysteresis in a bulk form. Surprisingly, monolayers of Tb2@C79N exhibited a completely different behavior, with the prevalence of a ground state with antiferromagnetic coupling at low magnetic field and a metamagnetic transition in the magnetic field of 2.5-4 T. Monolayers of Tb2@C79N were deposited onto Cu(111) and Au(111) by evaporation in ultra-high vacuum conditions, and their topography and electronic structure were characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in combination with DFT studies, revealed that the nitrogen atom of the azafullerene cage tends to avoid metallic surfaces. Magnetic properties of the (sub)monolayers were then studied by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Tb-M4,5 absorption edge. While in bulk powder samples Tb2@C79N behaves as a single-molecule magnet with ferromagnetically coupled magnetic moments and blocking of magnetization at 28 K, its monolayers exhibited a different ground state with antiferromagnetic coupling of Tb magnetic moments. To understand if this unexpected behavior is caused by a strong hybridization of fullerenes with metallic substrates, XMCD measurements were also performed for Tb2@C79N adsorbed on h-BN|Rh(111) and MgO|Ag(100). The co-existence of two forms of Tb2@C79N was found on these substrates as well, but magnetization curves showed narrow magnetic hysteresis detectable up to 25 K. The non-magnetic state of Tb2@C79N in monolayers is assigned to anionic Tb2@C79N- species with doubly-occupied Tb-Tb bonding orbital and antiferromagnetic coupling of the Tb moments. A charge transfer from the substrate or trapping of secondary electrons are discussed as a plausible origin of these species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Koutsouflakis
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Denis Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Bachellier
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Daria Sostina
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Schimmel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yaofeng Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- The Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Claudiu Bulbucan
- The Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kyle Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Matthias Muntwiler
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greber
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stas M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Harry Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou S, Yuan J, Wang Z, Ling K, Fu P, Fang Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Porfyrakis K, Briggs GAD, Gao S, Jiang S. Implementation of Quantum Level Addressability and Geometric Phase Manipulation in Aligned Endohedral Fullerene Qu
d
its. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhou
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology Changsha China
| | - Jiayue Yuan
- College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology Changsha China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Zi‐Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Kun Ling
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Peng‐Xiang Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yu‐Hui Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Ye‐Xin Wang
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Kyriakos Porfyrakis
- School of Engineering University of Greenwich Central Avenue Chatham Maritime Kent ME4 4TB UK
- Materials Department Oxford University Oxford UK
| | | | - Song Gao
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Shang‐Da Jiang
- Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu B, Wang C, Li B, Wang C. Light-driven Molecular Magnetic Switch for a Metallofullerene ※. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a21120564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
8
|
Somsri S, Kuwamura N, Kojima T, Yoshinari N, Rujiwatra A, Konno T. Inclusion of cyclodextrins in a metallosupramolecular framework via structural transformations. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01416a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of α-cyclodextrin and both α- and γ-cyclodextrins in a multilayer framework composed of d-penicillaminato AuI3CoIII2 complex anions and aqua sodium(i) cations via solvent-mediated structural transformations are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supattra Somsri
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Naoto Kuwamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Nobuto Yoshinari
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Apinpus Rujiwatra
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 502000, Thailand
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang SD, Zhou S, Yuan J, Wang ZY, Ling K, Fu PX, Fang YH, Wang YX, Liu Z, Porfyrakis K, Briggs GAD, Gao S. Implementation of Quantum Level Addressability and Geometric Phase Manipulation in Aligned Endohedral Fullerene Qudits. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115263. [PMID: 34913233 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral nitrogen fullerenes have been proposed as building blocks for quantum information processing due to their long spin coherence time. However, addressability of the individual electron spin levels in such a multiplet system of 4S3/2 has never been achieved because of the molecular isotropy and transition degeneracy among the Zeeman levels. Herein, by molecular engineering, we lifted the degeneracy by zero-field splitting effects and made the multiple transitions addressable by a liquid-crystal-assisted method. The endohedral nitrogen fullerene derivatives with rigid addends of spiro structure and large aspect ratios of regioselective bis-addition improve the ordering of the spin ensemble. These samples empower endohedral-fullerene-based qudits, in which the transitions between the 4 electron spin levels were respectively addressed and coherently manipulated. The quantum geometric phase manipulation, which has long been proposed for the advantages in error tolerance and gating speed, was implemented in a pure electron spin system using molecules for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Da Jiang
- South China University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wushan Road 381, 510641, Guangzhou, CHINA
| | - Shen Zhou
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
| | - Jiayue Yuan
- National University of Defense Technology, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Zi-Yu Wang
- Peking University, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Kun Ling
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
| | - Peng-Xiang Fu
- Peking University, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yu-Hui Fang
- Peking University, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Ye-Xin Wang
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
| | - Zheng Liu
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
| | | | - G Andrew D Briggs
- Oxford University: University of Oxford, Materials Department, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Song Gao
- South China University of Technology, Spin-X Institute, CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Velkos G, Israel NJ, Rosenkranz M, Büchner B, Liu F, Popov AA. Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation of Dimetallofullerene Anions en Route to Air-Stable Single-Molecule Magnets with High Blocking Temperature of Magnetization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18139-18149. [PMID: 34669376 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide dimetallofullerenes with single-electron M-M bonds are an important class of single molecular magnets and qubit candidates, but stabilization of their unique electronic and spin structure in the form of a neutral molecule requires functionalization of the fullerene cage with a single radical group. The lack of selectivity of the currently available procedure results in a complicated and tedious separation process. Here we demonstrate that electrophilic trifluoromethylation of a mixture of metallofullerene anions with Umemoto reagent II is highly selective toward M2@C80- (M = Tb, Y) anions, yielding M2@C80(CF3) monoadducts as the main reaction product. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study proved attachment of the CF3 group to the pentagon/hexagon/hexagon junction and revealed that positions of metal atoms inside the fullerene cage in the cocrystal with NiOEP are strongly related to the position of the porphyrin moieties. Magnetic characterization of Tb2@C80(CF3) showed that it is a robust single-molecule magnet with broad magnetic hysteresis, 100 s blocking temperature of 25 K, and the relaxation barrier of 801(4) K, corresponding to the flipping of the Tb magnetic moment in the strongly ferromagnetically coupled [Tb3+-e-Tb3+] spin system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Noel Jens Israel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li W, Wang C, Wang T. Molecular structures and magnetic properties of endohedral metallofullerenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10317-10326. [PMID: 34542549 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes have fascinating core-shell structures, with metal atoms or metal clusters encaged in fullerene cages, and they display various chemical, optical and magnetic properties derived from different types of fullerene cages and metal moieties. Fullerene cages can act as carriers to stabilize unusual cluster moieties. Many bizarre species that are hard to produce via synthetic methods survive well under the protection of a fullerene cage, making metallofullerenes ideal platforms for generating new clusters and bonds. Fullerene cages can also be carriers to hold active unpaired electrons. Some metallofullerenes possess electron spin and show intriguing magnetic properties, making them applicable for use in quantum computing, high density information storage and magnetoreception systems. The exploration of new metallofullerenes is still ongoing, while function-oriented studies are also promoted for the future application of metallofullerenes. Herein, we highlight the recent progress in the synthesis, electron spin characteristics and magnetic properties of metallofullerenes. Discussions and an outlook on the future development of metallofullerenes are also stated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kandrashkin YE, Zaripov RB, Liu F, Büchner B, Kataev V, Popov AA. Temperature-dependent dynamics of endohedral fullerene Sc 2@C 80(CH 2Ph) studied by EPR spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18206-18220. [PMID: 34612284 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02237g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral fullerenes are promising materials for the quantum information and quantum processing due to the unique properties of the electron-nuclear spin system well isolated from the environment inside the fullerene cage. The endofullerene Sc2@C80(CH2Ph) features a strong hyperfine interaction between one electron spin 1/2 localized at the Sc2 dimer and two equivalent 45Sc nuclear spins 7/2, which yields 64 well resolved EPR transitions. We report a comprehensive analysis of the temperature dependence of the EPR spectrum of Sc2@C80(CH2Ph) dissolved in d-toluene measured in a wide temperature range above and below the melting point. The nature of the electron spin coherence phase memory is investigated. The properties of all resonance lines in a liquid phase were treated within the model of the free rotational diffusion. Both, analytical expressions and numerical examination provide an excellent agreement between the experimental and simulated spectra. A detailed study of the experimental data confirms the assumption of the independent motions of the fullerene cage and the Sc2 core. The data obtained show three regimes of molecular motion detected at different temperatures: the free rotation of both the fullerene cage and its bi-metal core, the motion of the core in the frozen fullerene cage, and, finally, a state with a fixed structure of both parts of the metallofullerene molecules. The data analysis reveals a significant nuclear quadrupole interaction playing an important role for the mixing of the different nuclear spin multiplets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri E Kandrashkin
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420029, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gorky F, Nambo A, Carreon ML. Cold plasma-Metal Organic Framework (MOF)-177 breathable system for atmospheric remediation. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
14
|
Influence of pore size and isosteric heat of adsorption of some metal–organic frameworks on the volumetric and gravimetric adsorption capacities of hydrogen at room temperature. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
15
|
Saura‐Sanmartin A, Martinez‐Cuezva A, Marin‐Luna M, Bautista D, Berna J. Effective Encapsulation of C
60
by Metal–Organic Frameworks with Polyamide Macrocyclic Linkers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura‐Sanmartin
- Departamento de Quimica Organica Facultad de Quimica Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” Universidad de Murcia 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Alberto Martinez‐Cuezva
- Departamento de Quimica Organica Facultad de Quimica Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” Universidad de Murcia 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Marta Marin‐Luna
- Departamento de Quimica Organica Facultad de Quimica Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” Universidad de Murcia 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- Seccion Universitaria de Instrumentacion Científica (SUIC) Area Cientifica y Tecnica de Investigacion (ACTI) Universidad de Murcia 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Quimica Organica Facultad de Quimica Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” Universidad de Murcia 30100 Murcia Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Saura-Sanmartin A, Martinez-Cuezva A, Marin-Luna M, Bautista D, Berna J. Effective Encapsulation of C 60 by Metal-Organic Frameworks with Polyamide Macrocyclic Linkers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10814-10819. [PMID: 33617658 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A flexible benzylic amide macrocycle, functionalized with two carboxylic acid groups, was employed as the organic ligand for the preparation of robust copper(II)- and zinc(II)-based metal-organic frameworks. These polymers crystallized in the C2/m space group of the monoclinic crystal system, creating non-interpenetrated channels in one direction with an extraordinary solvent-accessible volume of 46 %. Unlike metal-organic rotaxane frameworks having benzylic amide macrocycles as linkers, the absence of the thread in these novel reticular materials causes a decrease of dimensionality and an improvement of pore size and dynamic guest adaptability. We studied the incorporation of fullerene C60 inside the adjustable pocket generated between two macrocycles connected to the same dinuclear clusters, occupying a remarkable 98 % of the cavities inside the network. The use of these materials as hosts for the selective recognition of different fullerenes was evaluated, mainly encapsulating the smaller size fullerene derivative in several mixtures of C60 and C70 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Marin-Luna
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- Seccion Universitaria de Instrumentacion Científica (SUIC), Area Cientifica y Tecnica de Investigacion (ACTI), Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mialane P, Mellot-Draznieks C, Gairola P, Duguet M, Benseghir Y, Oms O, Dolbecq A. Heterogenisation of polyoxometalates and other metal-based complexes in metal–organic frameworks: from synthesis to characterisation and applications in catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6152-6220. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a thorough overview of composites with molecular catalysts (polyoxometalates, or organometallic or coordination complexes) immobilised into MOFs via non-covalent interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Mialane
- Université Paris-Saclay
- UMR CNRS 8180
- Université de Versailles St Quentin en Yvelines
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles
- 78035 Versailles Cedex
| | - C. Mellot-Draznieks
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques
- UMR CNRS 8229
- Collège de France
- Sorbonne Université
- PSL Research University
| | - P. Gairola
- Université Paris-Saclay
- UMR CNRS 8180
- Université de Versailles St Quentin en Yvelines
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles
- 78035 Versailles Cedex
| | - M. Duguet
- Université Paris-Saclay
- UMR CNRS 8180
- Université de Versailles St Quentin en Yvelines
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles
- 78035 Versailles Cedex
| | - Y. Benseghir
- Université Paris-Saclay
- UMR CNRS 8180
- Université de Versailles St Quentin en Yvelines
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles
- 78035 Versailles Cedex
| | - O. Oms
- Université Paris-Saclay
- UMR CNRS 8180
- Université de Versailles St Quentin en Yvelines
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles
- 78035 Versailles Cedex
| | - A. Dolbecq
- Université Paris-Saclay
- UMR CNRS 8180
- Université de Versailles St Quentin en Yvelines
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles
- 78035 Versailles Cedex
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
López-Moreno A, del Carmen Giménez-López M. Metallic-based magnetic switches under confinement. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
19
|
Fuertes-Espinosa C, Pujals M, Ribas X. Supramolecular Purification and Regioselective Functionalization of Fullerenes and Endohedral Metallofullerenes. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
20
|
Zaripov RB, Kandrashkin YE, Salikhov KM, Büchner B, Liu F, Rosenkranz M, Popov AA, Kataev V. Unusually large hyperfine structure of the electron spin levels in an endohedral dimetallofullerene and its spin coherent properties. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20513-20521. [PMID: 33026391 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06114j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, ESR spectroscopic and spin coherent properties of the dimetallofullerene Sc2@C80(CH2Ph). The single-electron metal-metal bond of the Sc2 dimer inside the fullerene's cage is stabilized with the electron spin density being fully localized at the metal bond. This results in an extraordinary strong hyperfine interaction of the electron spin with the 45Sc nuclear spins with a coupling constant a = 18.2 mT (∼510 MHz) and yields a fully resolved hyperfine-split ESR spectrum comprising 64 lines. The splitting is present even at low temperatures where the molecular dynamics are completely frozen. The large extent and the robustness of the hyperfine-split spectra enable us to identify and control the well-defined transitions between specific electron-nuclear quantum states. This made it possible to demonstrate in our pulse ESR study the remarkable spin coherent dynamics of Sc2@C80(CH2Ph), such as the generation of arbitrary superpositions of the spin states in a nutation experiment and the spin dephasing times above 10 μs at temperatures T < 80 K reaching the value of 17 μs at T ≤ 20 K. These observations suggest Sc2@C80(CH2Ph) as an interesting qubit candidate and motivate further synthetic efforts to obtain fullerene-based systems with superior spin properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan B Zaripov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420029, Russia.
| | - Yuri E Kandrashkin
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420029, Russia.
| | - Kev M Salikhov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420029, Russia.
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, D-01069, Dresden, Germany and Institute for Solid State and Materials Physics, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao C, Tan K, Nie M, Lu Y, Zhang J, Wang C, Lu X, Wang T. Scandium Tetrahedron Supported by H Anion and CN Pentaanion inside Fullerene C 80. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8284-8290. [PMID: 32437143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes have greatly expanded the range of the fullerene family due to their nesting structure and unusual encapsulated clusters protected by a fullerene cage. Herein, we report a metallofullerene Sc4CNH@Ih-C80, which has a scandium tetrahedron supported by H and CN anions inside fullerene C80. Sc4CNH@Ih-C80 has a rare multilayer nesting structure, and the internal Sc4CNH is the most complex endohedral cluster disclosed to date. Sc4CNH@Ih-C80 has so many bonding types (metal-carbide, metal-nitride, and metal-hydride), which weave a polyhedron of Sc4CNH clusters. This work shows that the endohedral metallofullerenes have the potential to build inorganic nesting polyhedra that have distinctive architectures and unique electronic properties. Sc4CNH@Ih-C80 was synthesized by means of the arc-discharge method using scandium and graphite under the mixed atmosphere of hydrogen, nitrogen, and helium. It is the first time to disclose an unprecedented metal-hydride bond in a fullerene cage. This result shows that the endohedral fullerenes bearing hydrogen species can be synthesized by the arc-discharge technique under an atmosphere of hydrogen. This work demonstrates that a fullerene cage can be an ample carrier to encapsulate unusual cluster moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Kai Tan
- Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mingzhe Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yuxi Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang T, Wang C. Functional Metallofullerene Materials and Their Applications in Nanomedicine, Magnetics, and Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901522. [PMID: 31131986 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes exhibit combined properties from carbon cages as well as internal metal moieties and have great potential in a wide range of applications as molecule materials. Along with the breakthrough of mass production of metallofullerenes, their applied research has been greatly developed with more and more new functions and practical applications. For gadolinium metallofullerenes, their water-soluble derivatives have been demonstrated with antitumor activity and unprecedented tumor vascular-targeting therapy. Metallofullerene water-soluble derivatives also can be applied to treat reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced diseases due to their high antioxidative activity. For magnetic metallofullerenes, the internal electron spin and metal species bring about spin sensitivity, molecular magnets, and spin quantum qubits, which have many promising applications. Metallofullerenes are significant candidates for fabricating useful electronic devices because of their various electronic structures. This Review provides a summary of the metallofullerene studies reported recently, in the fields of tumor inhibition, tumor vascular-targeting therapies, antioxidative activity, spin probes, single-molecule magnets, spin qubits, and electronic devices. This is not an exhaustive summary and there are many other important study results regarding metallofullerenes. All of this research has revealed the irreplaceable role of metallofullerene materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu F, Spree L, Krylov DS, Velkos G, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Single-Electron Lanthanide-Lanthanide Bonds Inside Fullerenes toward Robust Redox-Active Molecular Magnets. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2981-2993. [PMID: 31571482 PMCID: PMC6796827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A characteristic phenomenon of lanthanide-fullerene interactions is the transfer of metal valence electrons to the carbon cage. With early lanthanides such as La, a complete transfer of six valence electrons takes place for the metal dimers encapsulated in the fullerene cage. However, the low energy of the σ-type Ln-Ln bonding orbital in the second half of the lanthanide row limits the Ln2 → fullerene transfer to only five electrons. One electron remains in the Ln-Ln bonding orbital, whereas the fullerene cage with a formal charge of -5 is left electron-deficient. Such Ln2@C80 molecules are unstable in the neutral form but can be stabilized by substitution of one carbon atom by nitrogen to give azafullerenes Ln2@C79N or by quenching the unpaired electron on the fullerene cage by reacting it with a chemical such as benzyl bromide, transforming one sp2 carbon into an sp3 carbon and yielding the monoadduct Ln2@C80(CH2Ph). Because of the presence of the Ln-Ln bonding molecular orbital with one electron, the Ln2@C79N and Ln2@C80(R) molecules feature a unique single-electron Ln-Ln bond and an unconventional +2.5 oxidation state of the lanthanides. In this Account, which brings together metallofullerenes, molecular magnets, and lanthanides in unconventional valence states, we review the progress in the studies of dimetallofullerenes with single-electron Ln-Ln bonds and highlight the consequences of the unpaired electron residing in the Ln-Ln bonding orbital for the magnetic interactions between Ln ions. Usually, Ln···Ln exchange coupling in polynuclear lanthanide compounds is weak because of the core nature of 4f electrons. However, when interactions between Ln centers are mediated by a radical bridge, stronger coupling may be achieved because of the diffuse nature of radical-based orbitals. Ultimately, when the role of a radical bridge is played by a single unpaired electron in the Ln-Ln bonding orbital, the strength of the exchange coupling is increased dramatically. Giant exchange coupling in endohedral Ln2 dimers is combined with a rather strong axial ligand field exerted on the lanthanide ions by the fullerene cage and the excess electron density localized between two Ln ions. As a result, Ln2@C79N and Ln2@C80(CH2Ph) compounds exhibit slow relaxation of magnetization and exceptionally high blocking temperatures for Ln = Dy and Tb. At low temperatures, the [Ln3+-e-Ln3+] fragment behaves as a single giant spin. Furthermore, the Ln-Ln bonding orbital in dimetallofullerenes is redox-active, which allows its population to be changed by electrochemical reactions, thus changing the magnetic properties because the change in the number of electrons residing in the Ln-Ln orbital affects the magnetic structure of the molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao C, Meng H, Nie M, Huang Q, Du P, Wang C, Wang T. Construction of a short metallofullerene-peapod with a spin probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11511-11514. [PMID: 31490471 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05220h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A short metallofullere-peapod of Y2@C79N⊂[4]CHBC was constructed. The strong confinement effect from the large π-extended [4]CHBC nanoring induces molecular orientation of the wrapped Y2@C79N, which can be sensed by a Y2@C79N spin probe. The low susceptibility of the spin phase memory time (Tm) for the Y2@C79N spin was also found in a confined space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haibing Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhe Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, China.
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Souto M, Calbo J, Mañas-Valero S, Walsh A, Mínguez Espallargas G. Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal-organic framework. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:1883-1893. [PMID: 31598454 PMCID: PMC6774073 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The design of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) incorporating electroactive guest molecules in the pores has become a subject of great interest in order to obtain additional electrical functionalities within the framework while maintaining porosity. Understanding the charge-transfer (CT) process between the framework and the guest molecules is a crucial step towards the design of new electroactive MOFs. Herein, we present the encapsulation of fullerenes (C60) in a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-based MOF. The CT process between the electron-acceptor C60 guest and the electron-donor TTF ligand is studied in detail by means of different spectroscopic techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Importantly, gas sorption measurements demonstrate that sorption capacity is maintained after encapsulation of fullerenes, whereas the electrical conductivity is increased by two orders of magnitude due to the CT interactions between C60 and the TTF-based framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Souto
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, C/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, C/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, C/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ullah S, Akram B, Ali H, Zhang H, Yang H, Liu Q, Wang X. 2-Methylimidazole assisted ultrafast synthesis of carboxylate-based metal-organic framework nano-structures in aqueous medium at room temperature. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:1103-1109. [PMID: 36659771 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylate-based metal-organic frameworks (CMOFs) have received considerable attentions for their high stability, catalytic activity, and porosity. However, synthesis of CMOFs requires high temperature, pressure, and long reaction time. Here, we explored the activity of 2-methylimidazole (2-MIM) for ultrafast synthesis of CMOF nanostructures (CMOFNs), in aqueous medium at room temperature and reaction time of 10 min. Seven CMOFNs have been synthesized by using Al3+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, In3+, or Cd2+ salt and 1,4-bezenedicarboxylic acid, or 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid. Through this technique, the CMOFs with space time yield 181-501 kg m-3 day-1 and crystal sizes of ca. 200-700 nm was obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaheed Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Organic Opteoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bilal Akram
- Key Laboratory of Organic Opteoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hassan Ali
- Key Laboratory of Organic Opteoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Opteoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haozhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Opteoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingda Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Opteoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Opteoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao C, Nie M, Meng H, Wang C, Wang T. Synthesis and Structural Studies of Two Paramagnetic Metallofullerenes with Isomeric C 72 Cage. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8162-8168. [PMID: 31124674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized and isolated two paramagnetic metallofullerenes of La@C72 and Y@C72 with different fullerene cages, which were characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. DFT calculations disclosed two possible isomers of La/Y@C72 with C72- C2 and C72- C2v cages, both of which have similar thermodynamic stability and one pair of fused pentagons. Their paramagnetic properties were then studied by EPR spectroscopy, and the obtained EPR signals were analyzed with very different hyperfine coupling constants, revealing distinct electron spin distributions for these two species. Furthermore, the experimental coupling constants were compared with those of calculated coupling constants, and comparison results revealed that the produced La@C72 has a C72- C2v cage and Y@C72 has a C72- C2 cage. These studies illustrate that the electron spin can be used as a probe to identify metallofullerene structure due to the susceptibility of spin-metal couplings. The successful isolation and characterizations of La@C72 and Y@C72 with such a small C72 cage reveal their stability that is important for application as paramagnetic molecule materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Mingzhe Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Haibing Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jin P, Li Y, Magagula S, Chen Z. Exohedral functionalization of endohedral metallofullerenes: Interplay between inside and outside. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
29
|
Meng H, Zhao C, Nie M, Wang C, Wang T. Optically Controlled Molecular Metallofullerene Magnetism via an Azobenzene-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32607-32612. [PMID: 30176722 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular magnets with optically controlled property have significant applications in data storage and quantum information processing. Herein, we report the optically controlled molecular magnetism of endohedral metallofullerenes, Sc3C2@C80 and DySc2N@C80, by incarcerating them into the pores of a photoswitchable azobenzene-functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF) (AzoMOF). After ultraviolet (365 nm) irradiation, the isomerization of azobenzene groups in the AzoMOF was found to be able to modulate the spin relaxation of Sc3C2@C80 and also improve the single-molecule magnet behavior of DySc2N@C80. The photoisomerization of azobenzene side groups changes the host-guest interaction between metallofullerene and AzoMOF pores and endows them with the potential to modulate the magnetic properties with light. These findings offer an effective method to create smart molecular magnetic materials and also promote their applications in information recording, spintronics, and sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Mingzhe Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Krylov DS, Liu F, Brandenburg A, Spree L, Bon V, Kaskel S, Wolter AUB, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Magnetization relaxation in the single-ion magnet DySc 2N@C 80: quantum tunneling, magnetic dilution, and unconventional temperature dependence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11656-11672. [PMID: 29671443 PMCID: PMC5933001 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01608a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantum tunneling and relaxation of magnetization in single molecule magnet DySc2N@C80 is thoroughly studied as a function of magnetic dilution, temperature, and magnetic field.
Relaxation of magnetization in endohedral metallofullerenes DySc2N@C80 is studied at different temperatures, in different magnetic fields, and in different molecular arrangements. Magnetization behavior and relaxation are analyzed for powder sample, and for DySc2N@C80 diluted in non-magnetic fullerene Lu3N@C80, adsorbed in voids of a metal–organic framework, and dispersed in a polymer. The magnetic field dependence and zero-field relaxation are also studied for single-crystals of DySc2N@C80 co-crystallized with Ni(ii) octaethylporphyrin, as well as for the single crystal diluted with Lu3N@C80. Landau–Zener theory is applied to analyze quantum tunneling of magnetization in the crystals. The field dependence of relaxation rates revealed a dramatic dependence of the zero-field tunneling resonance width on the dilution and is explained with the help of an analysis of dipolar field distributions. AC magnetometry is used then to get access to the relaxation of magnetization in a broader temperature range, from 2 to 87 K. Finally, a theoretical framework describing the spin dynamics with dissipation is proposed to study magnetization relaxation phenomena in single molecule magnets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Meng H, Zhao C, Li Y, Nie M, Wang C, Wang T. An implanted paramagnetic metallofullerene probe within a metal-organic framework. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:3291-3298. [PMID: 29384170 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09420e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Paramagnetic endohedral metallofullerene can be used as a molecular probe because of its sensitive electron spin characters, one of which is to sense its surroundings. Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have significant applications in selective adsorption owing to their porous structures. Herein, we report a Sc3C2@C80 spin probe implanted in MOF-177 to detect the unusual host-guest interaction between the guest molecules of metallofullerene and the host pores of the MOF. Paramagnetic Sc3C2@C80 molecules were incorporated into the pores of MOF-177 via absorption method, and there was strong π-π interaction between oleophilic metallofullerene and aromatic framework. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals of Sc3C2@C80 in MOF-177 exhibit anisotropic properties caused by the restricted motion of implanted Sc3C2@C80. This unusual host-guest interaction between Sc3C2@C80 and MOF-177 is gradually strengthened with decreasing temperature as revealed by the EPR signals. In addition, the gas desorption from the MOF-177 pores under subatmospheric pressure can weaken the host-guest interaction and lead to slightly enhanced Sc3C2@C80 EPR signals. Furthermore, the changes in the host-guest interaction between Sc3C2@C80 and MOF-177 at different temperatures and pressures exhibit reversibility, as shown by cycling EPR measurements. These results will inspire material design and applications of fullerene and MOF complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hu Z, Dong BW, Liu Z, Liu JJ, Su J, Yu C, Xiong J, Shi DE, Wang Y, Wang BW, Ardavan A, Shi Z, Jiang SD, Gao S. Endohedral Metallofullerene as Molecular High Spin Qubit: Diverse Rabi Cycles in Gd2@C79N. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1123-1130. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Hu
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo-Wei Dong
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jie Liu
- CAESR,
The Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Jie Su
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changcheng Yu
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Xiong
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di-Er Shi
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- CAESR,
The Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Zujin Shi
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shang-Da Jiang
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Gao
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Aulakh D, Bilan HK, Wriedt M. Porous substrates as platforms for the nanostructuring of molecular magnets. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01978e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This article highlights recent advances in the newly emerging field on the nanostructuration of molecular magnets using porous substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darpandeep Aulakh
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science
- Clarkson University
- Potsdam
- USA
| | - Hubert K. Bilan
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science
- Clarkson University
- Potsdam
- USA
| | - Mario Wriedt
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science
- Clarkson University
- Potsdam
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu F, Krylov DS, Spree L, Avdoshenko SM, Samoylova NA, Rosenkranz M, Kostanyan A, Greber T, Wolter AUB, Büchner B, Popov AA. Single molecule magnet with an unpaired electron trapped between two lanthanide ions inside a fullerene. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16098. [PMID: 28706223 PMCID: PMC5519982 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing the temperature at which molecules behave as single-molecule magnets is a serious challenge in molecular magnetism. One of the ways to address this problem is to create the molecules with strongly coupled lanthanide ions. In this work, endohedral metallofullerenes Y2@C80 and Dy2@C80 are obtained in the form of air-stable benzyl monoadducts. Both feature an unpaired electron trapped between metal ions, thus forming a single-electron metal-metal bond. Giant exchange interactions between lanthanide ions and the unpaired electron result in single-molecule magnetism of Dy2@C80(CH2Ph) with a record-high 100 s blocking temperature of 18 K. All magnetic moments in Dy2@C80(CH2Ph) are parallel and couple ferromagnetically to form a single spin unit of 21 μB with a dysprosium-electron exchange constant of 32 cm−1. The barrier of the magnetization reversal of 613 K is assigned to the state in which the spin of one Dy centre is flipped. Single molecule magnets have demonstrated promise for information storage, molecular spintronics and quantum computing, but are limited by their low operational temperatures. Here, Popov and coworkers prepare a SMM with a high blocking temperature of 18 K by trapping two lanthanide ions with a single-electron bond inside a fullerene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis S Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nataliya A Samoylova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anja U B Wolter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhao C, Wang T, Li Y, Meng H, Nie M, Tian J, Wang C. Awaking N-hyperfine couplings in charged yttrium nitride endohedral fullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:26846-26850. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05444k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Charged yttrium nitride endohedral fullerenes show particular N-hyperfine couplings that are sensitive to the outer carbon cage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Yongjian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Haibing Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Mingzhe Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Jianlei Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang DC, Li X. A Zn(ii) complex with large channels based on 3′-nitro-biphenyl-3,5,4′-tricarboxylic acid: synthesis, crystal structure, fluorescence sensing of ATP, ADP, GTP, and UTP in aqueous solution and drug delivery. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01618b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A 3D Zn(ii)–MOF with large cubic channels was synthesized. It showed fluorescence sensing of ATP, ADP, GTP, and UTP. Furthermore, it exhibited a remarkable capacity for and controlled release of 5-fluorouracil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-chun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- P.R. China
- Deparment of Chemistry
| | - Xia Li
- Deparment of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hu X. Novel fluorescent porous hyperbranched aromatic polyamide containing 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene moieties: Synthesis and characterization. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry; Baoji Shaanxi 721013 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li B, Wen HM, Cui Y, Zhou W, Qian G, Chen B. Emerging Multifunctional Metal-Organic Framework Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:8819-8860. [PMID: 27454668 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 854] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), also known as coordination polymers, represent an interesting type of solid crystalline materials that can be straightforwardly self-assembled through the coordination of metal ions/clusters with organic linkers. Owing to the modular nature and mild conditions of MOF synthesis, the porosities of MOF materials can be systematically tuned by judicious selection of molecular building blocks, and a variety of functional sites/groups can be introduced into metal ions/clusters, organic linkers, or pore spaces through pre-designing or post-synthetic approaches. These unique advantages enable MOFs to be used as a highly versatile and tunable platform for exploring multifunctional MOF materials. Here, the bright potential of MOF materials as emerging multifunctional materials is highlighted in some of the most important applications for gas storage and separation, optical, electric and magnetic materials, chemical sensing, catalysis, and biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78249, United States
| | - Hui-Min Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78249, United States
| | - Yuanjing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899-6102, United States
| | - Guodong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Banglin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78249, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cao J, Feng Y, Zhou S, Sun X, Wang T, Wang C, Li H. Spatial aromatic fences of metal-organic frameworks for manipulating the electron spin of a fulleropyrrolidine nitroxide radical. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:11272-6. [PMID: 27356865 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01735e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The electron spin properties of a fulleropyrrolidine nitroxide radical incarcerated in the pores of MOF-177 and MIL-53 respectively were investigated for the first time. It was found that the spatial confinement effect and intramolecular interactions in these two solid-state spin systems lead to dramatically distinctive spin dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication & Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li Y, Wang T, Meng H, Zhao C, Nie M, Jiang L, Wang C. Controlling the magnetic properties of dysprosium metallofullerene within metal–organic frameworks. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:19226-19229. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The hysteresis and quantum tunneling of magnetism for a metallofullerene DySc2N@C80 single-molecule magnet were modulated through trapping in MOF-177.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Haibing Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Chong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Mingzhe Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Li Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| |
Collapse
|