1
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Fu Y, Simeth NA, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Visible and near-infrared light-induced photoclick reactions. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:665-685. [PMID: 39112717 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Photoclick reactions combine the advantages offered by light-driven processes, that is, non-invasive and high spatiotemporal control, with classical click chemistry and have found applications ranging from surface functionalization, polymer conjugation, photocrosslinking, protein labelling and bioimaging. Despite these advances, most photoclick reactions typically require near-ultraviolet (UV) and mid-UV light to proceed. UV light can trigger undesirable responses, including cellular apoptosis, and therefore, visible and near-infrared light-induced photoclick reaction systems are highly desirable. Shifting to a longer wavelength can also reduce degradation of the photoclick reagents and products. Several strategies have been used to induce a bathochromic shift in the wavelength of irradiation-initiating photoclick reactions. For instance, the extension of the conjugated π-system, triplet-triplet energy transfer, multi-photon excitation, upconversion technology, photocatalytic and photoinitiation approaches, and designs involving photocages have all been used to achieve this goal. Current design strategies, recent advances and the outlook for long wavelength-driven photoclick reactions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxin Fu
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Photopharmacology and Imaging, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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2
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Weng W, Xue G, Pan Z. Development of visible-light-activatable photocaged PROTACs. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116062. [PMID: 38128235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Photocaged proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which employ light as a stimulus to control protein degradation, have recently garnered considerable attention as both powerful chemical tools and a promising therapeutic strategy. However, the poor penetration depth of traditionally used ultraviolet light and the deficiency of alternative caging positions have restricted their applications in biological systems. By installing a diverse array of photocaged groups, with excitation wavelengths ranging from 365 nm to 405 nm, onto different positions of cereblon (CRBN) and Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-recruiting Brd4 degraders, we conducted the first comprehensive study on visible-light-activatable photocaged PROTACs to the best of our knowledge. We found the A2, A4 and B3 positions to be most effective at regulating the activity of the degraders, and to provide the resulting molecules (9-12 and 17) as potent visible-light-controlled degraders in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Gang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhengying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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3
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Luo J, Gao Y, Zhao R, Shi J, Li YM. Synthesis of disulfide-rich C-terminal Cys-containing peptide acids through a photocleavable side-chain anchoring strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8863-8867. [PMID: 37888757 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01597a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A side-chain anchoring strategy has been developed as an effective method for the synthesis of C-terminal Cys-containing peptide acids. However, the application of this strategy to CCAs containing more than one disulfide bond is still hindered due to the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) lability of the anchored side-chain groups. Herein, we report a photocleavable side-chain anchoring strategy using newly developed molecules having photocleavable side-chain protecting groups that are stable against TFA cleavage to assist in the formation of disulfide bonds. The utility of this new strategy was demonstrated by the synthesis of Riparin 1.1 and hCNP22 containing one disulfide bond and α-conotoxin Vc1.1 containing two disulfide bonds. This new strategy will provide new possibilities for the synthesis of disulfide-rich C-terminal Cys-containing peptide acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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4
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He F, Chai Y, Zeng Z, Lu F, Chen H, Zhu J, Fang Y, Cheng K, Miclet E, Alezra V, Wan Y. Rapid Formation of Intramolecular Disulfide Bridges using Light: An Efficient Method to Control the Conformation and Function of Bioactive Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22639-22648. [PMID: 37788450 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide bonds are widely found in natural peptides and play a pivotal role in stabilizing their secondary structures, which are highly associated with their biological functions. Herein, we introduce a light-mediated strategy to effectively control the formation of disulfides. Our strategy is based on 2-nitroveratryl (oNv), a widely used photolabile motif, which serves both as a photocaging group and an oxidant (after photolysis). We demonstrated that irradiation of oNv-caged thiols with UV light could release free thiols that are rapidly oxidized by locally released byproduct nitrosoarene, leading to a "break-to-bond" fashion. This strategy is highlighted by the in situ restoration of the antimicrobial peptide tachyplesin I (TPI) from its external disulfide-caged analogue TPI-1. TPI-1 exhibits a distorted structure and a diminished function. However, upon irradiation, the β-hairpin structure and membrane activity of TPI were largely restored via rapid intramolecular disulfide formation. Our study proposes a powerful method to regulate the conformation and function of peptides in a spatiotemporal manner, which has significant potential for the design of disulfide-centered light-responsive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chai
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Zizhen Zeng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Fangling Lu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Zhu
- Institute of TCM, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
| | - Yuanying Fang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Keguang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Emeric Miclet
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Valérie Alezra
- Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques, ICMMO, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91400, France
| | - Yang Wan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
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5
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Shamsipur M, Ghavidast A, Pashabadi A. Phototriggered structures: Latest advances in biomedical applications. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2844-2876. [PMID: 37521863 PMCID: PMC10372844 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive control of the drug molecules accessibility is a key issue in improving diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Some studies have explored the spatiotemporal control by light as a peripheral stimulus. Phototriggered drug delivery systems (PTDDSs) have received interest in the past decade among biological researchers due to their capability the control drug release. To this end, a wide range of phototrigger molecular structures participated in the DDSs to serve additional efficiency and a high-conversion release of active fragments under light irradiation. Up to now, several categories of PTDDSs have been extended to upgrade the performance of controlled delivery of therapeutic agents based on well-known phototrigger molecular structures like o-nitrobenzyl, coumarinyl, anthracenyl, quinolinyl, o-hydroxycinnamate and hydroxyphenacyl, where either of one endows an exclusive feature and distinct mechanistic approach. This review conveys the design, photochemical properties and essential mechanism of the most important phototriggered structures for the release of single and dual (similar or different) active molecules that have the ability to quickly reason of the large variety of dynamic biological phenomena for biomedical applications like photo-regulated drug release, synergistic outcomes, real-time monitoring, and biocompatibility potential.
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6
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Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Tomassini A, Singh AK, Raymo FM. Photoactivatable Fluorophores for Bioimaging Applications. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 1:640-651. [PMID: 37601830 PMCID: PMC10437147 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.3c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable fluorophores provide the opportunity to switch fluorescence on exclusively in a selected area within a sample of interest at a precise interval of time. Such a level of spatiotemporal fluorescence control enables the implementation of imaging schemes to monitor dynamic events in real time and visualize structural features with nanometer resolution. These transformative imaging methods are contributing fundamental insights on diverse cellular processes with profound implications in biology and medicine. Current photoactivatable fluorophores, however, become emissive only after the activation event, preventing the acquisition of fluorescence images and, hence, the visualization of the sample prior to activation. We developed a family of photoactivatable fluorophores capable of interconverting between emissive states with spectrally resolved fluorescence, instead of switching from a nonemissive state to an emissive one. We demonstrated that our compounds allow the real-time monitoring of molecules diffusing across the cellular blastoderm of developing embryos as well as of polymer beads translocating along the intestinal tract of live nematodes. Additionally, they also permit the tracking of single molecules in the lysosomal compartments of live cells and the visualization of these organelles with nanometer resolution. Indeed, our photoactivatable fluorophores may evolve into invaluable analytical tools for the investigation of the fundamental factors regulating the functions and structures of cells at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Program of Polymer and Color Chemistry, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Yeting Zheng
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Andrea Tomassini
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Ambarish Kumar Singh
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
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7
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Photoresponsive Hydrogels for Studying Mechanotransduction of Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2600:133-153. [PMID: 36587095 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2851-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are important platform materials for in vitro cellular studies. Mechanistic studies on durotaxis, the directional movement of a cell affected by a spatial gradient of stiffness of the underlying substrate, requires materials such as polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol, or PDMS, in which the stiffness can be controlled in a spatiotemporal manner. Here, we describe the synthesis of an o-nitrobenzyl-based photocleavable cross-linker and its incorporation into a polyacrylamide hydrogel to render it photoresponsive. Precise control over the physical properties of the gel allows observation of glioblastoma durotaxis under surface stiffness conditions relevant to the actual brain environment.
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8
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Fu W, Du K, Xu Z, Cheng J, Li Z, Shao X. Dual photo-controlled release system for fipronil and dinotefuran. PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN PHOTOCHEMISTRY ASSOCIATION AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022; 22:825-836. [PMID: 36567377 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Development of controlled release system promises a huge impact on the pesticide delivery, which has raised attentions in improving efficacy of pesticides. Herein, the emerging photoremovable protecting group (PRPG), used in spatiotemporal delivery of drug by light, was introduced into agriculture. We obtained three TNB-insecticides and two of them exhibited excellent photophysicochemical properties. Our dual photo-controlled release system displayed more than sixfold insecticidal activity differences upon irradiation with UV light or sunlight. The dual release of DIN-TNB-DIN showed synergistic effect on mosquito larvae and armyworm larvae. Distribution of the fluorescence in body of dead/alive wigglers clearly illustrated the action mode, and visually demonstrated the precise and spatiotemporal delivery of insecticides in the living mosquito larvae. The new developed dual photo-controlled release system might widen the diversity in pesticide delivery, promoting the development in improving pesticide efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kang Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xusheng Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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9
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Gueta O, Amiram M. Expanding the chemical repertoire of protein-based polymers for drug-delivery applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114460. [PMID: 36030987 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Expanding the chemical repertoire of natural and artificial protein-based polymers (PBPs) can enable the production of sequence-defined, yet chemically diverse, biopolymers with customized or new properties that cannot be accessed in PBPs composed of only natural amino acids. Various approaches can enable the expansion of the chemical repertoire of PBPs, including chemical and enzymatic treatments or the incorporation of unnatural amino acids. These techniques are employed to install a wide variety of chemical groups-such as bio-orthogonally reactive, cross-linkable, post-translation modifications, and environmentally responsive groups-which, in turn, can facilitate the design of customized PBP-based drug-delivery systems with modified, fine-tuned, or entirely new properties and functions. Here, we detail the existing and emerging technologies for expanding the chemical repertoire of PBPs and review several chemical groups that either demonstrate or are anticipated to show potential in the design of PBP-based drug delivery systems. Finally, we provide our perspective on the remaining challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osher Gueta
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Miriam Amiram
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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10
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Feng Z, Ducos B, Scerbo P, Aujard I, Jullien L, Bensimon D. The Development and Application of Opto-Chemical Tools in the Zebrafish. Molecules 2022; 27:6231. [PMID: 36234767 PMCID: PMC9572478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is one of the most widely adopted animal models in both basic and translational research. This popularity of the zebrafish results from several advantages such as a high degree of similarity to the human genome, the ease of genetic and chemical perturbations, external fertilization with high fecundity, transparent and fast-developing embryos, and relatively low cost-effective maintenance. In particular, body translucency is a unique feature of zebrafish that is not adequately obtained with other vertebrate organisms. The animal's distinctive optical clarity and small size therefore make it a successful model for optical modulation and observation. Furthermore, the convenience of microinjection and high embryonic permeability readily allow for efficient delivery of large and small molecules into live animals. Finally, the numerous number of siblings obtained from a single pair of animals offers large replicates and improved statistical analysis of the results. In this review, we describe the development of opto-chemical tools based on various strategies that control biological activities with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. We also discuss the reported applications of these tools in zebrafish and highlight the current challenges and future possibilities of opto-chemical approaches, particularly at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Feng
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bertrand Ducos
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- High Throughput qPCR Core Facility, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, 46 Rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierluigi Scerbo
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Aujard
- Laboratoire PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- Laboratoire PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Bensimon
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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11
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Wang Z, Martin SF. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Carbazole‐Derived Photocages. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200311. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Stephen F. Martin
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA
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12
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Chang R, Yan X. Supramolecular cancer photoimmunotherapy based on precise peptide self-assembly design. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2247-2258. [PMID: 35083992 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06355c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Combinational photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is considered to be an ideal strategy for the treatment of highly recurrent and metastatic cancer, because it can ablate the primary tumor and provide in situ an autologous tumor vaccine to induce the host immune response, ultimately achieving the goal of controlling tumor growth and distal metastasis. Significant efforts have been devoted to enhancing the immune response caused by phototherapy-eliminated tumors. Recently, supramolecular PIT nanoagents based on precise peptide self-assembly design have been employed to improve the efficacy of photoimmunotherapy by utilizing the stability, targeting capability and flexibility of drugs, increasing tumor immunogenicity and realizing the synergistic amplification of immune effects through multiple pathways and collaborative strategy. This review summarizes peptide-based supramolecular PIT nanoagents for phototherapy-synergized cancer immunotherapy and its progress in enhancing the effect of photoimmunotherapy, especially focusing on the design of peptide-based PIT nanoagents, the progress of bioactive peptides combined photoimmunotherapy, and the synergistic immune-response mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, China
| | - Rui Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China.,Center for Mesoscience, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China.
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13
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Wang S, Zhou Q, Li Y, Wei B, Liu X, Zhao J, Ye F, Zhou Z, Ding B, Wang P. Quinoline-Based Photolabile Protection Strategy Facilitates Efficient Protein Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1232-1242. [PMID: 35034454 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Native chemical ligation (NCL) provides a powerful solution to assemble proteins with precise chemical features, which enables a detailed investigation of the protein structure-function relationship. As an extension to NCL, the discovery of desulfurization and expressed protein ligation (EPL) techniques has greatly expanded the efficient access to large or challenging protein sequences via chemical ligations. Despite its superior reliability, the NCL-desulfurization protocol requires orthogonal protection strategies to allow selective desulfurization in the presence of native Cys, which is crucial to its synthetic application. In contrast to traditional thiol protecting groups, photolabile protecting groups (PPGs), which are removed upon irradiation, simplify protein assembly and therefore provide minimal perturbation to the peptide scaffold. However, current PPG strategies are mainly limited to nitro-benzyl derivatives, which are incompatible with NCL-desulfurization. Herein, we present for the first time that quinoline-based PPG for cysteine can facilitate various ligation strategies, including iterative NCL and EPL-desulfurization methods. 7-(Piperazin-1-yl)-2-(methyl)quinolinyl (PPZQ) caging of multiple cysteine residues within the protein sequence can be readily introduced via late-stage modification, while the traceless removal of PPZQ is highly efficient via photolysis in an aqueous buffer. In addition, the PPZQ group is compatible with radical desulfurization. The efficiency of this strategy has been highlighted by the synthesis of γ-synuclein and phosphorylated cystatin-S via one-pot iterative ligation and EPL-desulfurization methods. Besides, successful sextuple protection and deprotection of the expressed Interleukin-34 fragment demonstrate the great potential of this strategy in protein caging/uncaging investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yunxue Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bingcheng Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinliang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Farong Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhongneng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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14
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Ji B, Wei M, Yang B. Recent advances in nanomedicines for photodynamic therapy (PDT)-driven cancer immunotherapy. Theranostics 2022; 12:434-458. [PMID: 34987658 PMCID: PMC8690913 DOI: 10.7150/thno.67300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has made tremendous clinical progress in advanced-stage malignancies. However, patients with various tumors exhibit a low response rate to immunotherapy because of a powerful immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and insufficient immunogenicity of tumors. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can not only directly kill tumor cells, but also elicit immunogenic cell death (ICD), providing antitumor immunity. Unfortunately, limitations from the inherent nature and complex TME significantly reduce the efficiency of PDT. Recently, smart nanomedicine-based strategies could subtly modulate the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic compounds and the TME to optimize both PDT and immunotherapy, resulting in an improved antitumor effect. Here, the emerging nanomedicines for PDT-driven cancer immunotherapy are reviewed, including hypoxia-reversed nanomedicines, nanosized metal-organic frameworks, and subcellular targeted nanoparticles (NPs). Moreover, we highlight the synergistic nanotherapeutics used to amplify immune responses combined with immunotherapy against tumors. Lastly, the challenges and future expectations in the field of PDT-driven cancer immunotherapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ji
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Bin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
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15
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Srivastava I, Moitra P, Sar D, Wang K, Alafeef M, Scott J, Pan D. Luminescence switching in polymerically confined carbon nanoparticles triggered by UV-light. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16288-16295. [PMID: 34558578 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02786g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photo-caged carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) that are non-luminescent under typical microscopic illumination but can be activated by UV light have been synthesized in this work. Negatively charged "bare" CNPs with high luminescence can lose their photoluminescence (PL) when they are chemically crosslinked to a monomer and subsequently polymerized to form an intra-particulate "caged" network at the nanoscale surface. These caged particles could regain their PL emission upon UV irradiation for a sustained period (∼24 h) resulting in the photolytic cleavage of the polymer network, thus, freeing the nanoscale surface of CNPs, ultimately resulting in six-fold emission enhancement. This reversible "on-off-on" PL switching process was verified by spectroscopic techniques. We successfully demonstrated in this work that CNPs can be switched reversibly between fluorescent and non-fluorescent states by irradiation with light. These results further substantiate that the origin of PL in CNPs is a surface phenomenon and highly dependent on their nanoscale coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Srivastava
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science & Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, and Carle Cancer Centre at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore, Health Sciences Facility III, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
| | - Dinabandhu Sar
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science & Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, and Carle Cancer Centre at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kevin Wang
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science & Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, and Carle Cancer Centre at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Maha Alafeef
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science & Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, and Carle Cancer Centre at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore, Health Sciences Facility III, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland, 21250, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - John Scott
- Illinois Sustainable Technology Centre, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science & Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, and Carle Cancer Centre at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Illinois Sustainable Technology Centre, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore, Health Sciences Facility III, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland, 21250, USA
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16
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Spears RJ, McMahon C, Chudasama V. Cysteine protecting groups: applications in peptide and protein science. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11098-11155. [PMID: 34605832 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00271f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protecting group chemistry for the cysteine thiol group has enabled a vast array of peptide and protein chemistry over the last several decades. Increasingly sophisticated strategies for the protection, and subsequent deprotection, of cysteine have been developed, facilitating synthesis of complex disulfide-rich peptides, semisynthesis of proteins, and peptide/protein labelling in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we analyse and discuss the 60+ individual protecting groups reported for cysteine, highlighting their applications in peptide synthesis and protein science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clíona McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
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17
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Monteiro DCF, Amoah E, Rogers C, Pearson AR. Using photocaging for fast time-resolved structural biology studies. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:1218-1232. [PMID: 34605426 PMCID: PMC8489231 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321008809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Careful selection of photocaging approaches is critical to achieve fast and well synchronized reaction initiation and perform successful time-resolved structural biology experiments. This review summarizes the best characterized and most relevant photocaging groups previously described in the literature. It also provides a walkthrough of the essential factors to consider in designing a suitable photocaged molecule to address specific biological questions, focusing on photocaging groups with well characterized spectroscopic properties. The relationships between decay rates (k in s-1), quantum yields (ϕ) and molar extinction coefficients (ϵmax in M-1 cm-1) are highlighted for different groups. The effects of the nature of the photocaged group on these properties is also discussed. Four main photocaging scaffolds are presented in detail, o-nitrobenzyls, p-hydroxyphenyls, coumarinyls and nitrodibenzofuranyls, along with three examples of the use of this technology. Furthermore, a subset of specialty photocages are highlighted: photoacids, molecular photoswitches and metal-containing photocages. These extend the range of photocaging approaches by, for example, controlling pH or generating conformationally locked molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. F. Monteiro
- Hauptman–Woodward Medical Research Institute, 700 Ellicot Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Emmanuel Amoah
- Hauptman–Woodward Medical Research Institute, 700 Ellicot Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Cromarte Rogers
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arwen R. Pearson
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Cannon J, Tang S, Choi SK. Caged Oxime Reactivators Designed for the Light Control of Acetylcholinesterase Reactivation †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:334-346. [PMID: 34558680 DOI: 10.1111/php.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite its promising role in the active control of biological functions by light, photocaging remains untested in acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a key enzyme in the cholinergic family. Here, we describe synthesis, photochemical properties and biochemical activities of two caged oxime compounds applied in the photocontrolled reactivation of the AChE inactivated by reactive organophosphate. Each of these consists of a photocleavable coumarin cage tethered to a known oxime reactivator for AChE that belongs in an either 2-(hydroxyimino)acetamide or pyridiniumaldoxime class. Of these, the first caged compound was able to successfully go through oxime uncaging upon irradiation at long-wavelength ultraviolet light (365 nm) or visible light (420 nm). It was further evaluated in AChE assays in vitro under variable light conditions to define its activity in the photocontrolled reactivation of paraoxon-inactivated AChE. This assay result showed its lack of activity in the dark but its induction of activity under light conditions only. In summary, this article reports a first class of light-activatable modulators for AChE and it offers assay methods and novel insights that help to achieve an effective design of caged compounds in the enzyme control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme Cannon
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shengzhuang Tang
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Seok Ki Choi
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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19
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Lechner VM, Nappi M, Deneny PJ, Folliet S, Chu JCK, Gaunt MJ. Visible-Light-Mediated Modification and Manipulation of Biomacromolecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1752-1829. [PMID: 34546740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified biomacromolecules-i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, glycans, and lipids-have become crucial tools in chemical biology. They are extensively used not only to elucidate cellular processes but also in industrial applications, particularly in the context of biopharmaceuticals. In order to enable maximum scope for optimization, it is pivotal to have a diverse array of biomacromolecule modification methods at one's disposal. Chemistry has driven many significant advances in this area, and especially recently, numerous novel visible-light-induced photochemical approaches have emerged. In these reactions, light serves as an external source of energy, enabling access to highly reactive intermediates under exceedingly mild conditions and with exquisite spatiotemporal control. While UV-induced transformations on biomacromolecules date back decades, visible light has the unmistakable advantage of being considerably more biocompatible, and a spectrum of visible-light-driven methods is now available, chiefly for proteins and nucleic acids. This review will discuss modifications of native functional groups (FGs), including functionalization, labeling, and cross-linking techniques as well as the utility of oxidative degradation mediated by photochemically generated reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, transformations at non-native, bioorthogonal FGs on biomacromolecules will be addressed, including photoclick chemistry and DNA-encoded library synthesis as well as methods that allow manipulation of the activity of a biomacromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M Lechner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Nappi
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Deneny
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Folliet
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - John C K Chu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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20
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Mangubat-Medina AE, Ball ZT. Triggering biological processes: methods and applications of photocaged peptides and proteins. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10403-10421. [PMID: 34320043 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01434f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There has been a significant push in recent years to deploy fundamental knowledge and methods of photochemistry toward biological ends. Photoreactive groups have enabled chemists to activate biological function using the concept of photocaging. By granting spatiotemporal control over protein activation, these photocaging methods are fundamental in understanding biological processes. Peptides and proteins are an important group of photocaging targets that present conceptual and technical challenges, requiring precise chemoselectivity in complex polyfunctional environments. This review focuses on recent advances in photocaging techniques and methodologies, as well as their use in living systems. Photocaging methods include genetic and chemical approaches that require a deep understanding of structure-function relationships based on subtle changes in primary structure. Successful implementation of these ideas can shed light on important spatiotemporal aspects of living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary T Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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21
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Fairbanks BD, Macdougall LJ, Mavila S, Sinha J, Kirkpatrick BE, Anseth KS, Bowman CN. Photoclick Chemistry: A Bright Idea. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6915-6990. [PMID: 33835796 PMCID: PMC9883840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At its basic conceptualization, photoclick chemistry embodies a collection of click reactions that are performed via the application of light. The emergence of this concept has had diverse impact over a broad range of chemical and biological research due to the spatiotemporal control, high selectivity, and excellent product yields afforded by the combination of light and click chemistry. While the reactions designated as "photoclick" have many important features in common, each has its own particular combination of advantages and shortcomings. A more extensive realization of the potential of this chemistry requires a broader understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of the specific reactions. This review discusses the features of the most frequently employed photoclick reactions reported in the literature: photomediated azide-alkyne cycloadditions, other 1,3-dipolarcycloadditions, Diels-Alder and inverse electron demand Diels-Alder additions, radical alternating addition chain transfer additions, and nucleophilic additions. Applications of these reactions in a variety of chemical syntheses, materials chemistry, and biological contexts are surveyed, with particular attention paid to the respective strengths and limitations of each reaction and how that reaction benefits from its combination with light. Finally, challenges to broader employment of these reactions are discussed, along with strategies and opportunities to mitigate such obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Laura J Macdougall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Sudheendran Mavila
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Bruce E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Coorado 80045, United States
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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22
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Asiimwe N, Al Mazid MF, Murale DP, Kim YK, Lee J. Recent advances in protein modifications techniques for the targeting
N‐terminal
cysteine. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Asiimwe
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul Korea
- Bio‐Med Program, KIST‐School UST Seoul Korea
| | | | | | - Yun Kyung Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul Korea
- Bio‐Med Program, KIST‐School UST Seoul Korea
| | - Jun‐Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
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23
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Yang H, Peng T, Wen X, Chen T, Sun Y, Liu S, Wang G, Zhang S, Wang L. A Photolabile Carboxyl Protecting Group for Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:497-502. [PMID: 33908701 PMCID: PMC8080293 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A new kind of photolabile protecting group (PLPG) for carboxyl moieties was designed and synthesized as the linker between resin and peptide. This group can be used for the protection of amino acid carboxyl groups. The peptide was synthesized on Nph (2-hydroxy-3-(2-nitrophenyl)-heptanoic acid)-derivatized resins and could be cleaved under UV exposure, thus avoiding the necessity for harsh acid-mediated resin cleavage. The PLPG has been successfully used for solid-phase synthesis of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpeng Yang
- Faculty of Environment & Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yunbo Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shouguo Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Faculty of Environment & Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
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24
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Hammers MD, Hodny MH, Bader TK, Mahmoodi MM, Fang S, Fenton AD, Nurie K, Trial HO, Xu F, Healy AT, Ball ZT, Blank DA, Distefano MD. Two-photon uncaging of bioactive thiols in live cells at wavelengths above 800 nm. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2213-2223. [PMID: 33349821 PMCID: PMC8437107 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01986k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photoactivatable protecting groups (PPGs) are useful for a broad range of applications ranging from biology to materials science. In chemical biology, induction of biological processes via photoactivation is a powerful strategy for achieving spatiotemporal control. The importance of cysteine, glutathione, and other bioactive thiols in regulating protein structure/activity and cell redox homeostasis makes modulation of thiol activity particularly useful. One major objective for enhancing the utility of photoactivatable protecting groups (PPGs) in living systems is creating PPGs with longer wavelength absorption maxima and efficient two-photon (TP) absorption. Toward these objectives, we developed a carboxyl- and dimethylamine-functionalized nitrodibenzofuran PPG scaffold (cDMA-NDBF) for thiol photoactivation, which has a bathochromic shift in the one-photon absorption maximum from λmax = 315 nm with the unfunctionalized NDBF scaffold to λmax = 445 nm. While cDMA-NDBF-protected thiols are stable in the presence of UV irradiation, they undergo efficient broad-spectrum TP photolysis at wavelengths as long as 900 nm. To demonstrate the wavelength orthogonality of cDMA-NDBF and NDBF photolysis in a biological setting, caged farnesyltransferase enzyme inhibitors (FTI) were prepared and selectively photoactivated in live cells using 850-900 nm TP light for cDMA-NDBF-FTI and 300 nm UV light for NDBF-FTI. These experiments represent the first demonstration of thiol photoactivation at wavelengths above 800 nm. Consequently, cDMA-NDBF-caged thiols should have broad applicability in a wide range of experiments in chemical biology and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hammers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Michael H Hodny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Taysir K Bader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - M Mohsen Mahmoodi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Sifei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Alexander D Fenton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Kadiro Nurie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Hallie O Trial
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Andrew T Healy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Zachary T Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - David A Blank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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25
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The Issue of Tissue: Approaches and Challenges to the Light Control of Drug Activity. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021; 5:611-618. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Becker Y, Roth S, Scheurer M, Jakob A, Gacek DA, Walla PJ, Dreuw A, Wachtveitl J, Heckel A. Selective Modification for Red-Shifted Excitability: A Small Change in Structure, a Huge Change in Photochemistry. Chemistry 2021; 27:2212-2218. [PMID: 32955154 PMCID: PMC7898321 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We developed three bathochromic, green-light activatable, photolabile protecting groups based on a nitrodibenzofuran (NDBF) core with D-π-A push-pull structures. Variation of donor substituents (D) at the favored ring position enabled us to observe their impact on the photolysis quantum yields. Comparing our new azetidinyl-NDBF (Az-NDBF) photolabile protecting group with our earlier published DMA-NDBF, we obtained insight into its excitation-specific photochemistry. While the "two-photon-only" cage DMA-NDBF was inert against one-photon excitation (1PE) in the visible spectral range, we were able to efficiently release glutamic acid from azetidinyl-NDBF with irradiation at 420 and 530 nm. Thus, a minimal change (a cyclization adding only one carbon atom) resulted in a drastically changed photochemical behavior, which enables photolysis in the green part of the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Becker
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Sina Roth
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Maximilian Scheurer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Theoretical and Computational ChemistryIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Jakob
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Daniel A. Gacek
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryTechnical University BraunschweigGaußstr. 1738106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Peter J. Walla
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryTechnical University BraunschweigGaußstr. 1738106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Theoretical and Computational ChemistryIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
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27
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Weinstain R, Slanina T, Kand D, Klán P. Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13135-13272. [PMID: 33125209 PMCID: PMC7833475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photoactivatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Weinstain
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Tao Y, Chan HF, Shi B, Li M, Leong KW. Light: A Magical Tool for Controlled Drug Delivery. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2005029. [PMID: 34483808 PMCID: PMC8415493 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202005029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Light is a particularly appealing tool for on-demand drug delivery due to its noninvasive nature, ease of application and exquisite temporal and spatial control. Great progress has been achieved in the development of novel light-driven drug delivery strategies with both breadth and depth. Light-controlled drug delivery platforms can be generally categorized into three groups: photochemical, photothermal, and photoisomerization-mediated therapies. Various advanced materials, such as metal nanoparticles, metal sulfides and oxides, metal-organic frameworks, carbon nanomaterials, upconversion nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles, stimuli-responsive micelles, polymer- and liposome-based nanoparticles have been applied for light-stimulated drug delivery. In view of the increasing interest in on-demand targeted drug delivery, we review the development of light-responsive systems with a focus on recent advances, key limitations, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hon Fai Chan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bingyang Shi
- International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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29
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Abstract
Therapeutic nanomaterials serve as an important platform for drug delivery under image guidance. Despite significant growth and broad applications, their design specifics remain a subject of continued interest primarily due to multifunctional factors involved, ranging from nanomaterial properties, imaging modalities, and therapeutic agents to activation strategies. This review article summarizes key findings on their design characteristics with a particular interest in strategies developed for therapeutic activation (release). First, their activation can be controlled using either an endogenous factor including low pH and glutathione or an external stimulation by light, ultrasound, or electromagnetic field. The former is passively controlled from a spatiotemporal aspect compared to the latter, which is otherwise actively controlled through drug linker photolysis, nanomaterial disassembly, or gate opening. Second, light stimulation serves a most notable strategy due to its essential role in controlled drug release, photothermal activation (hyperthermia), and photodynamic production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Third, some of those activation strategies that rely on ultrasound, photothermal, photoacoustic, magnetic field, or X-ray radiation are dually functional due to their role in imaging modalities. In summary, this review article presents recent advances and new insights that pertain to nanotherapeutic delivery systems. It also addresses their technical limitations associated with tissue penetration (light), spatial resolution (ultrasound, hyperthermia), and occurrence of cellular resistance (ROS).
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30
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Gore S, Ukhanov K, Herbivo C, Asad N, Bobkov YV, Martens JR, Dore TM. Photoactivatable Odorants for Chemosensory Research. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2516-2528. [PMID: 32865973 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The chemosensory system of any animal relies on a vast array of detectors tuned to distinct chemical cues. Odorant receptors and the ion channels of the TRP family are all uniquely expressed in olfactory tissues in a species-specific manner. Great effort has been made to characterize the molecular and pharmacological properties of these proteins. Nevertheless, most of the natural ligands are highly hydrophobic molecules that are not amenable to controlled delivery. We sought to develop photoreleasable, biologically inactive odorants that could be delivered to the target receptor or ion channel and effectively activated by a short light pulse. Chemically distinct ligands eugenol, benzaldehyde, 2-phenethylamine, ethanethiol, butane-1-thiol, and 2,2-dimethylethane-1-thiol were modified by covalently attaching the photoremovable protecting group (8-cyano-7-hydroxyquinolin-2-yl)methyl (CyHQ). The CyHQ derivatives were shown to release the active odorant upon illumination with 365 and 405 nm light. We characterized their bioactivity by measuring activation of recombinant TRPV1 and TRPA1 ion channels expressed in HEK 293 cells and the electroolfactogram (EOG) response from intact mouse olfactory epithelium (OE). Illumination with 405 nm light was sufficient to robustly activate TRP channels within milliseconds of the light pulse. Photoactivation of channels was superior to activation by conventional bath application of the ligands. Photolysis of the CyHQ-protected odorants efficiently activated an EOG response in a dose-dependent manner with kinetics similar to that evoked by the vaporized odorant amyl acetate (AAc). We conclude that CyHQ-based, photoreleasable odorants can be successfully implemented in chemosensory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangram Gore
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kirill Ukhanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Cyril Herbivo
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naeem Asad
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yuriy V. Bobkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida 32080, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Timothy M. Dore
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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31
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Lee M, Rizzo R, Surman F, Zenobi-Wong M. Guiding Lights: Tissue Bioprinting Using Photoactivated Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10950-11027. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Lee
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - František Surman
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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32
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Truong VX. Break Up to Make Up: Utilization of Photocleavable Groups in Biolabeling of Hydrogel Scaffolds. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinh X. Truong
- School of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of Technology 2 George St. QLD 4000 Brisbane Australia
- Centre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of Technology 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
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33
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Tang S, Cannon J, Yang K, Krummel MF, Baker JR, Choi SK. Spacer-Mediated Control of Coumarin Uncaging for Photocaged Thymidine. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2945-2955. [PMID: 32020803 PMCID: PMC7293860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite its importance in the design of photocaged molecules, less attention is focused on linker chemistry than the cage itself. Here, we describe unique uncaging properties displayed by two coumarin-caged thymidine compounds, each conjugated with (2) or without (1) an extended, self-immolative spacer. Photolysis of 1 using long-wavelength UVA (365 nm) or visible (420, 455 nm) light led to the release of free thymidine along with the competitive generation of a thymidine-bearing recombination product. The occurrence of this undesired side reaction, which is previously unreported, was not present with the photolysis of 2, which released thymidine exclusively with higher quantum efficiency. We propose that the spatial separation between the cage and the substrate molecule conferred by the extended linker can play a critical role in circumventing this unproductive reaction. This report reinforces the importance of linker selection in the design of coumarin-caged oligonucleosides and other conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhuang Tang
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America
| | - Jayme Cannon
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America
| | - Kelly Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America
| | - Matthew F. Krummel
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSW512, San Francisco, California 94143, United States of America
| | - James R. Baker
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America
| | - Seok Ki Choi
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America
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34
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Bader TK, Xu F, Hodny MH, Blank DA, Distefano MD. Methoxy-Substituted Nitrodibenzofuran-Based Protecting Group with an Improved Two-Photon Action Cross-Section for Thiol Protection in Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis. J Org Chem 2020; 85:1614-1625. [PMID: 31891500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photoremovable caging groups are useful for biological applications because the deprotection process can be initiated by illumination with light without the necessity of adding additional reagents such as acids or bases that can perturb biological activity. In solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), the most common photoremovable group used for thiol protection is the o-nitrobenzyl group and related analogues. In earlier work, we explored the use of the nitrodibenzofuran (NDBF) group for thiol protection and found it to exhibit a faster rate toward UV photolysis relative to simple nitroveratryl-based protecting groups and a useful two-photon cross-section. Here, we describe the synthesis of a new NDBF-based protecting group bearing a methoxy substituent and use it to prepare a protected form of cysteine suitable for SPPS. This reagent was then used to assemble two biologically relevant peptides and characterize their photolysis kinetics in both UV- and two-photon-mediated reactions; a two-photon action cross-section of 0.71-1.4 GM for the new protecting group was particularly notable. Finally, uncaging of these protected peptides by either UV or two-photon activation was used to initiate their subsequent enzymatic processing by the enzyme farnesyltransferase. These experiments highlight the utility of this new protecting group for SPPS and biological experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taysir K Bader
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Michael H Hodny
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - David A Blank
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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35
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Jedlitzke B, Yilmaz Z, Dörner W, Mootz HD. Photobodies: Light-Activatable Single-Domain Antibody Fragments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1506-1510. [PMID: 31755215 PMCID: PMC7004160 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photocaged antibody fragments, termed photobodies, have been developed that are impaired in their antigen-binding capacity and can be activated by irradiation with UV light (365 nm). This rational design concept builds on the selective photocaging of a single tyrosine in a nanobody (a single-domain antibody fragment). Tyrosine is a frequently occurring residue in central positions of the paratope region. o-Nitrobenzyl-protected tyrosine variants were incorporated into four nanobodies, including examples directed against EGFR and HER2, and photodeprotection restores the native sequence. An anti-GFP photobody exhibited an at least 10 000-fold impaired binding affinity before photodeprotection compared with the parent nanobody. A bispecific nanobody-photobody fusion protein was generated to trigger protein heterodimerization by light. Photoactivatable antibodies are expected to become versatile protein reagents and to enable novel approaches in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Jedlitzke
- Institute of BiochemistryDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of MuensterWilhelm-Klemm-Str. 248149MünsterGermany
| | - Zahide Yilmaz
- Institute of BiochemistryDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of MuensterWilhelm-Klemm-Str. 248149MünsterGermany
| | - Wolfgang Dörner
- Institute of BiochemistryDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of MuensterWilhelm-Klemm-Str. 248149MünsterGermany
| | - Henning D. Mootz
- Institute of BiochemistryDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of MuensterWilhelm-Klemm-Str. 248149MünsterGermany
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36
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Mangubat-Medina AE, Trial HO, Vargas RD, Setegne MT, Bader T, Distefano MD, Ball ZT. Red-shifted backbone N–H photocaging agents. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5110-5114. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00923g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 3-nitrodibenzofuran cure provides blue-shifted reactivity in vinylogous photocleavage processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Taysir Bader
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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37
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Chaudhuri A, Mengji R, Venkatesh Y, Jana A, Pradeep Singh ND. An improved tumor-specific therapeutic strategy by the spatio-temporally controlled in situ formation of a Cu(ii) complex, leading to prompt cell apoptosis via photoactivation of a prodrug. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4559-4562. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00667j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biotin tagged one and two photon activable Cu chelating prodrug as a target-specific and spatio-temporal generations of Cu complex for improved cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- 721302 Kharagpur
- India
| | - Rakesh Mengji
- Department of Applied Biology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT)
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Yarra Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- 721302 Kharagpur
- India
| | - Avijit Jana
- Department of Applied Biology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT)
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - N. D. Pradeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- 721302 Kharagpur
- India
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38
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Jedlitzke B, Yilmaz Z, Dörner W, Mootz HD. Photobodies: Light‐Activatable Single‐Domain Antibody Fragments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Jedlitzke
- Institute of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Muenster Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Zahide Yilmaz
- Institute of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Muenster Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dörner
- Institute of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Muenster Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Henning D. Mootz
- Institute of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Muenster Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 48149 Münster Germany
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39
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Zhang C, Gao F, Wu W, Qiu WX, Zhang L, Li R, Zhuang ZN, Yu W, Cheng H, Zhang XZ. Enzyme-Driven Membrane-Targeted Chimeric Peptide for Enhanced Tumor Photodynamic Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11249-11262. [PMID: 31566945 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, a protein farnesyltransferase (PFTase)-driven plasma membrane (PM)-targeted chimeric peptide, PpIX-C6-PEG8-KKKKKKSKTKC-OMe (PCPK), was designed for PM-targeted photodynamic therapy (PM-PDT) and enhanced immunotherapy via tumor cell PM damage and fast release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The PM targeting ability of PCPK originates from the cellular K-Ras signaling, which occurs exclusively to drive the corresponding proteins to PM by PFTase. With the conjugation of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), PCPK could generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species to deactivate membrane-associated proteins, initiate lipid peroxidation, and destroy PM with an extremely low concentration (1 μM) under light irradiation. The specific PM damage further induced the fast release of DAMPs (high-mobility group box 1 and ATP), resulting in antitumor immune responses stronger than those of conventional cytoplasm-localized PDT. This immune-stimulating PM-PDT strategy also exhibited the inhibition effect for distant metastatic tumors when combined with programmed cell death receptor 1 blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Fan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xiu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Runqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Ze-Nan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Wuyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Han Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
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40
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Wu Y, Xu Z, Sun W, Yang Y, Jin H, Qiu L, Chen J, Chen J. Co-responsive smart cyclodextrin-gated mesoporous silica nanoparticles with ligand-receptor engagement for anti-cancer treatment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109831. [PMID: 31349481 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Combination of both internal- and external-stimuli responsive strategies in nanoplatforms can maximize therapeutic outcomes by overcoming drug efflux-mediated resistance and prolonging sustained release of therapeutic payloads in controlled and sequential manner. Here, we show a light/redox dual-stimuli responsive β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-gated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) that can effectively load and seal the chemotherapeutics, doxorubicin (DOX), inside MSN with a dual-capped system. The primary gatekeeper was achieved by capping β-CD via a disulfide linkage. An azobenzene/galactose-grafted polymer (GAP) was introduced to functionalize the MSN surface through host-guest interaction. GAP not only served as a secondary non-covalent polymer-gatekeeper to further prevent molecules from leaking out, but also presented targeting ligand for engagement of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. The controlled and stimuli release of DOX could be realized via dissociation of azobenzene moieties from β-CD cage upon UV-irradiation, followed by liberation with the endogenous glutathione. The in vitro studies verified the redox-sensitive DOX release behavior, and the UV irradiation could accelerate this process to trigger DOX burst from MSN-ss-CD/GAP. Notably, the DOX@MSN-ss-CD/GAP could more efficiently deliver DOX into HepG2 cells and demonstrate enhanced cytotoxicity as compared with HeLa and COS7 cells. The smart MSN-ss-CD/GAP delivery system holds the potential for universal therapeutic uses in both biomedical research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yingyue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Lipeng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Jingxiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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41
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Beauté L, McClenaghan N, Lecommandoux S. Photo-triggered polymer nanomedicines: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 138:148-166. [PMID: 30553952 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanotechnology to improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects is central to nanomedicine. In this context, stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS) such as chemical/physical gels or nanoparticles such as polymersomes, micelles or nanogels are particularly promising and are the focus of this review. Several stimuli have been considered but light as an exogenous trigger presents many advantages that are pertinent for clinical applications such as high spatial and temporal control and low cost. Underlying mechanisms required for the release of therapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo range from the molecular scale, namely photoisomerization, hydrophobicity photoswitching, photocleavage or heat generation via nanoheaters, through to the macromolecular scale. As well as these approaches, DDS destabilization, DDS permeation pore unblocking and formation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Beauté
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, Talence 33405, France; Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, UMR CNRS 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Nathan McClenaghan
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, Talence 33405, France.
| | - Sébastien Lecommandoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, UMR CNRS 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac 33607, France.
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42
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Sõrmus T, Lavogina D, Enkvist E, Uri A, Viht K. Efficient photocaging of a tight-binding bisubstrate inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11147-11150. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04978a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PKA bisubstrate inhibitor photocaging resulted in an over 5 orders of magnitude affinity difference between the photocaged and the active inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanel Sõrmus
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - Erki Enkvist
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - Kaido Viht
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
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43
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Seyfried P, Heinz M, Pintér G, Klötzner DP, Becker Y, Bolte M, Jonker HRA, Stelzl LS, Hummer G, Schwalbe H, Heckel A. Optimal Destabilization of DNA Double Strands by Single-Nucleobase Caging. Chemistry 2018; 24:17568-17576. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Seyfried
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marcel Heinz
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics; Max Planck Institute of Biophysics; Max-von-Laue-Str. 3 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - György Pintér
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe University Frankfurt/, Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ); Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Dean-Paulos Klötzner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Yvonne Becker
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Goethe University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Hendrik R. A. Jonker
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe University Frankfurt/, Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ); Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Lukas S. Stelzl
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics; Max Planck Institute of Biophysics; Max-von-Laue-Str. 3 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Gerhard Hummer
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics; Max Planck Institute of Biophysics; Max-von-Laue-Str. 3 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Institute of Biophysics; Max-von-Laue-Str. 1 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe University Frankfurt/, Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ); Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
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44
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Truong VX, Li F, Forsythe JS. Visible Light Activation of Nucleophilic Thiol-X Addition via Thioether Bimane Photocleavage for Polymer Cross-Linking. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4277-4285. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinh X. Truong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Fanyi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - John S. Forsythe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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45
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So WH, Wong CT, Xia J. Peptide photocaging: A brief account of the chemistry and biological applications. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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46
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Venkatesh Y, Srivastava HK, Bhattacharya S, Mehra M, Datta PK, Bandyopadhyay S, Singh NDP. One- and Two-Photon Uncaging: Carbazole Fused o-Hydroxycinnamate Platform for Dual Release of Alcohols (Same or Different) with Real-Time Monitoring. Org Lett 2018; 20:2241-2244. [PMID: 29611420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A one- and two-photon activated photoremovable protecting group (PRPG) was designed based on a carbazole fused o-hydroxycinnamate platform for the dual (same or different) release of alcohols. The mechanism for the dual release proceeds through a stepwise pathway and also monitors the first and second photorelease in real time by an increase in fluorescence intensity and color change, respectively. Further, its application in staining live neurons and ex vivo imaging with two-photon excitation is shown.
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47
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Fisher SA, Tam RY, Fokina A, Mahmoodi MM, Distefano MD, Shoichet MS. Photo-immobilized EGF chemical gradients differentially impact breast cancer cell invasion and drug response in defined 3D hydrogels. Biomaterials 2018; 178:751-766. [PMID: 29452913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer cell invasion is influenced by growth factor concentration gradients in the tumor microenvironment. However, studying the influence of growth factor gradients on breast cancer cell invasion is challenging due to both the complexities of in vivo models and the difficulties in recapitulating the tumor microenvironment with defined gradients using in vitro models. A defined hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel crosslinked with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) cleavable peptides and modified with multiphoton labile nitrodibenzofuran (NDBF) was synthesized to photochemically immobilize epidermal growth factor (EGF) gradients. We demonstrate that EGF gradients can differentially influence breast cancer cell invasion and drug response in cell lines with different EGF receptor (EGFR) expression levels. Photopatterned EGF gradients increase the invasion of moderate EGFR expressing MDA-MB-231 cells, reduce invasion of high EGFR expressing MDA-MB-468 cells, and have no effect on invasion of low EGFR-expressing MCF-7 cells. We evaluate MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell response to the clinically tested EGFR inhibitor, cetuximab. Interestingly, the cellular response to cetuximab is completely different on the EGF gradient hydrogels: cetuximab decreases MDA-MB-231 cell invasion but increases MDA-MB-468 cell invasion and cell number, thus demonstrating the importance of including cell-microenvironment interactions when evaluating drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Fisher
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Roger Y Tam
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Ana Fokina
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - M Mohsen Mahmoodi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, 55455, USA
| | - Molly S Shoichet
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada.
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Yao H, Wang J, Mi S. Photo Processing for Biomedical Hydrogels Design and Functionality: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 10:E11. [PMID: 30966045 PMCID: PMC6415176 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of opportunities for biomedical hydrogel design and functionality through photo-processing have stretched the limits of innovation. As both photochemical understanding and engineering technologies continue to develop, more complicated geometries and spatiotemporal manipulations can be realized through photo-exposure, producing multifunctional hydrogels with specific chemical, biological and physical characteristics for the achievement of biomedical goals. This report describes the role that light has recently played in the synthesis and functionalization of biomedical hydrogels and primarily the design of photoresponsive hydrogels via different chemical reactions (photo crosslinking and photo degradation) and conventional light curing processes (micropatterning, stereolithography and two/multiphoton techniques) as well as typical biomedical applications of the hydrogels (cell culture, differentiation and in vivo vascularization) and their promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Yao
- Biomanufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Biomanufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Shengli Mi
- Biomanufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Wong PT, Roberts EW, Tang S, Mukherjee J, Cannon J, Nip AJ, Corbin K, Krummel MF, Choi SK. Control of an Unusual Photo-Claisen Rearrangement in Coumarin Caged Tamoxifen through an Extended Spacer. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1001-1010. [PMID: 28191924 PMCID: PMC5404426 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The use of coumarin
caged molecules has been well documented in
numerous photocaging applications including for the spatiotemporal
control of Cre-estrogen receptor (Cre-ERT2) recombinase activity.
In this article, we report that 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT) caged with
coumarin via a conventional ether linkage led to
an unexpected photo-Claisen rearrangement which significantly competed
with the release of free 4OHT. The basis for this unwanted reaction
appears to be related to the coumarin structure and its radical-based
mechanism of uncaging, as it did not occur in ortho-nitrobenzyl (ONB) caged 4OHT that was otherwise linked in the same
manner. In an effort to perform design optimization, we introduced
a self-immolative linker longer than the ether linkage and identified
an optimal linker which allowed rapid 4OHT release by both single-photon
and two-photon absorption mechanisms. The ability of this construct
to actively control Cre-ERT2 mediated gene modifications was investigated
in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in which the expression of a
green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter dependent gene recombination
was controlled by 4OHT release and measured by confocal fluorescence
microscopy and flow cytometry. In summary, we report the implications
of this photo-Claisen rearrangement in coumarin caged compounds and
demonstrate a rational linker strategy for addressing this unwanted
side reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward W. Roberts
- Department
of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSW512, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | | | | | | | - Alyssa J. Nip
- Department
of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSW512, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Kaitlin Corbin
- Department
of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSW512, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Matthew F. Krummel
- Department
of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSW512, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
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50
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Tam RY, Smith LJ, Shoichet MS. Engineering Cellular Microenvironments with Photo- and Enzymatically Responsive Hydrogels: Toward Biomimetic 3D Cell Culture Models. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:703-713. [PMID: 28345876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional cell culture techniques using 2D polystyrene or glass have provided great insight into key biochemical mechanisms responsible for cellular events such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell-cell interactions. However, the physical and chemical properties of 2D culture in vitro are dramatically different than those found in the native cellular microenvironment in vivo. Cells grown on 2D substrates differ significantly from those grown in vivo, and this explains, in part, why many promising drug candidates discovered through in vitro drug screening assays fail when they are translated to in vivo animal or human models. To overcome this obstacle, 3D cell culture using biomimetic hydrogels has emerged as an alternative strategy to recapitulate native cell growth in vitro. Hydrogels, which are water-swollen polymers, can be synthetic or naturally derived. Many methods have been developed to control the physical and chemical properties of the hydrogels to match those found in specific tissues. Compared to 2D culture, cells cultured in 3D gels with the appropriate physicochemical cues can behave more like they naturally do in vivo. While conventional hydrogels involve modifications to the bulk material to mimic the static aspects of the cellular microenvironment, recent progress has focused on using more dynamic hydrogels, the chemical and physical properties of which can be altered with external stimuli to better mimic the dynamics of the native cellular microenvironment found in vivo. In this Account, we describe our progress in designing stimuli-responsive, optically transparent hydrogels that can be used as biomimetic extracellular matrices (ECMs) to study cell differentiation and migration in the context of modeling the nervous system and cancer. Specifically, we developed photosensitive agarose and hyaluronic acid hydrogels that are activated by single or two-photon irradiation for biomolecule immobilization at specific volumes within the 3D hydrogel. By controlling the spatial location of protein immobilization, we created 3D patterns and protein concentration gradients within these gels. We used the latter to study the effect of VEGF-165 concentration gradients on the interactions between endothelial cells and retinal stem cells. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is particularly compelling as it is naturally found in the ECM of many tissues and the tumor microenvironment. We used Diels-Alder click chemistry and cryogelation to alter the chemical and physical properties of these hydrogels. We also designed HA hydrogels to study the invasion of breast cancer cells. HA gels were chemically cross-linked with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable peptides that degrade in the presence of cancer cell-secreted MMPs, thus allowing cells to remodel their local microenvironment and invade into HA/MMP-degradable gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Y. Tam
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Laura J. Smith
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Molly S. Shoichet
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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