1
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Fröhlich R, Rühe J, Moos M, Kontschak L, Ehrmann P, Würthner F, Lambert C, Brixner T. Dynamics of reduced perylene bisimide cyclophane redox species by ultrafast spectroelectrochemistry. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:234201. [PMID: 38904406 DOI: 10.1063/5.0210490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Charged molecules play essential roles in many natural and artificial functional processes, ranging from photosynthesis to photovoltaics to chemical reactions and more. It is often difficult to identify the optical dynamic properties of relevant redox species because they cannot be easily prepared, their spectra overlap, or they evolve on a femtosecond timescale. Here, we address these challenges by combining spectroelectrochemistry, ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, and suitable data analysis. We illustrate the method with the various redox species of a cyclophane composed of two perylene bisimide subunits. While singular-value decomposition is a well-established tool in the analysis of time-dependent spectra of a single molecular species, we here use it additionally to separate transient maps of individual redox species. This is relevant because at any specific applied electrochemical potential, several redox species coexist in the ensemble, and our procedure allows disentangling their spectroscopic response. In the second step, global analysis is then employed to retrieve the excited-state lifetimes and decay-associated difference spectra. Our approach is generally suitable for unraveling ultrafast dynamics in materials featuring charge-transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Fröhlich
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Rühe
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Kontschak
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrik Ehrmann
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Pfund B, Gejsnæs-Schaad D, Lazarevski B, Wenger OS. Picosecond reactions of excited radical ion super-reductants. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4738. [PMID: 38834625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Classical photochemistry requires nanosecond excited-state lifetimes for diffusion-controlled reactions. Excited radicals with picosecond lifetimes have been implied by numerous photoredox studies, and controversy has arisen as to whether they can actually be catalytically active. We provide direct evidence for the elusive pre-association between radical ions and substrate molecules, enabling photoinduced electron transfer beyond the diffusion limit. A strategy based on two distinct light absorbers, mimicking the natural photosystems I and II, is used to generate excited radicals, unleashing extreme reduction power and activating C(sp2)-Cl and C(sp2)-F bonds. Our findings provide a long-sought mechanistic understanding for many previous synthetically-oriented works and permit more rational future photoredox reaction development. The newly developed excitation strategy pushes the current limits of reactions based on multi-photon excitation and very short-lived but highly redox active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Pfund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Bruno Lazarevski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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3
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Cappelletti D, Barbieri M, Aliprandi A, Maggini M, Đorđević L. Self-assembled π-conjugated chromophores: preparation of one- and two-dimensional nanostructures and their use in photocatalysis. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9153-9168. [PMID: 38639760 PMCID: PMC11097008 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00383g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic systems have attracted research interest as a clean approach to generate energy from abundant sunlight. In this context, developing efficient and robust photocatalytic structures is crucial. Recently, self-assembled organic chromophores have entered the stage as alternatives to both molecular systems and (in)organic semiconductors. Nanostructures made of self-assembled π-conjugated dyes offer, on the one hand, molecular customizability to tune their optoelectronic properties and activities and on the other hand, provide benefits from heterogeneous catalysis that include ease of separation, recyclability and improved photophysical properties. In this contribution, we present recent achievements in constructing supramolecular photocatalytic systems made of chromophores for applications in water splitting, H2O2 evolution, CO2 reduction, or environmental remediation. We discuss strategies that can be used to prepare ordered photocatalytic systems with an emphasis on the effect of packing between the dyes and the resulting photocatalytic activity. We further showcase supramolecular strategies that allow interfacing the organic nanostructures with co-catalysts, molecules, polymers, and (in)organic materials. The principles discussed here are the foundation for the utilization of these self-assembled materials in photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cappelletti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marianna Barbieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Aliprandi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Michele Maggini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Luka Đorđević
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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4
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Lee S, Ju J, Keum C, Bang J, Lee H, Vikneshvaran S, Yoo H, Park J, Lee SY. Enhanced Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Using Copper-Coordinated Perylene Diimide Nanorod Assemblies. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301044. [PMID: 38030584 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A crystalline supramolecular photocatalyst is prepared through metal-induced self-assembly of perylene diimide with imidazole groups at the imide position (PDI-Hm). Exploiting the metal-coordination ability of imidazole, a crystalline assembly of copper-coordinated PDI-Hm (CuPDI-Hm) in a nanorod shape is prepared which displays an outstanding photocatalytic oxygen evolution rate of 25,900 μmol g-1 h-1 without additional co-catalysts. The imidazole-copper coordination, along with π-π stacking of PDI frameworks, guides the arrangement of PDI-Hm molecules to form highly crystalline assemblies. The coordination of copper also modulates the size of the CuPDI-Hm supramolecular assembly by regulating the nucleation and growth processes. Furthermore, the imidazole-copper coordination constructs the electric field within the PDI-Hm assembly, hindering the recombination of photo-induced charges to enhance the photoelectric/photocatalytic activity when compared to Cu-free PDI-Hm assemblies. Small CuPDI-Hm assembly exhibits higher photocatalytic activity due to their larger surface area and reduced light scattering. Together, the Cu-imidazole coordination presents a facile way for fabricating size-controlled crystalline PDI assemblies with built-in electric field enhancing photoelectric and photocatalytic activities substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukjun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewon Ju
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjoon Keum
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Current affiliation: Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Bang
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 03760, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sekar Vikneshvaran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, Paramakudi, 623701, Paramakudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hyeri Yoo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 03760, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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Geng L, Li H, Liu J, Yang Z, Wei J. Molecular Stacking Dependent Molecular Oxygen Activation in Supramolecular Polymeric Photocatalysts. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3127-3134. [PMID: 38471101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Here, we showed that supramolecular assemblies based on perylene diimides (PDIs) are able to activate molecular oxygen through both the electron transfer and energy transfer pathways, which consequently leads to the formation of superoxide radicals (·O2-) and singlet oxygen species (1O2), respectively. These reactive oxygen species (ROS) can effectively lead to oxidative coupling of benzylamine and oxidation of 2-chloroethyl sulfide (CEES). We have designed and synthesized PDIs with similar molecular structures yet differing by the molecular stacking modes. We found that the photooxidation activities of the PDI supramolecular assemblies are inversely associated with the photoluminescence wavelength difference between the assemblies and the monomers (Δλ) quantitatively, and a smaller Δλ results in a higher catalytic efficiency accordingly. Overall, this work contributes to the design and fabrication of high performance photocatalysts based on metal-free organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
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6
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Dai W, Li X, He C, Li X, Kong C, Cheng F, Liu JJ. Polyoxometalate-dependent Photocatalytic Activity of Radical-doped Perylenediimide-based Hybrid Materials. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303996. [PMID: 38165074 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic-organic hybrid materials are a kind of multiduty materials with high crystallinity and definite structures, built from functional inorganic and organic components with highly tunable photochemical properties. Perylenediimides (PDIs) are a kind of strong visible light-absorbing organic dyes with π-electron-deficient planes and photochemical properties depending on their micro-environment, which provides a platform for designing tunable and efficient hybrid photocatalytic materials. Herein, four radical-doped PDI-based crystalline hybrid materials, Cl4-PDI⋅SiW12O40 (1), Cl4-PDI⋅SiMo12O40 (2), Cl4-PDI⋅PW12O40 (3), and Cl4-PDI⋅PMo12O40 (4), were attained by slow diffusion of polyoxometalates (POMs) into acidified Cl4-PDI solutions. The obtained PDI-based crystalline hybrid materials not only exhibited prominent photochromism, but also possessed reactive organic radicals under ambient conditions. Furthermore, all hybrid materials could be easily photoreduced to their radical anions (Cl4-PDI⋅-), and then underwent a second photoexcitation to form energetic excited state radical anions (Cl4-PDI⋅-*). However, experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrated that the formed energetic Cl4-PDI⋅-* showed unusual POM-dependent photocatalytic efficiencies toward the oxidative coupling of amines and the iodoperfluoroalkylation of alkenes; higher photocatalytic efficiencies were found for hybrid materials 1 (anion: SiW12O40 4-) and 2 (anion: SiMo12O40 4-) compared to 3 (anion: PW12O40 3-) and 4 (anion: PMo12O40 3-). The photocatalytic efficiencies of these hybrid materials are mainly controlled by the energy differences between the SOMO-2 level of Cl4-PDI⋅-* and the LUMO level of the POMs. The structure-photocatalytic activity relationships established in present work provide new research directions to both the photocatalysis and hybrid material fields, and will promote the integration of these areas to explore new materials with interesting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Dai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, P. R. China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin, 650504, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, P. R. China
| | - Chixian He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, P. R. China
| | - Ci Kong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, P. R. China
| | - Feixiang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, P. R. China
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7
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Kang WJ, Zhang Y, Li B, Guo H. Electrophotocatalytic hydrogenation of imines and reductive functionalization of aryl halides. Nat Commun 2024; 15:655. [PMID: 38253534 PMCID: PMC10803379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The open-shell catalytically active species, like radical cations or radical anions, generated by one-electron transfer of precatalysts are widely used in energy-consuming redox reactions, but their excited-state lifetimes are usually short. Here, a closed-shell thioxanthone-hydrogen anion species (3), which can be photochemically converted to a potent and long-lived reductant, is generated under electrochemical conditions, enabling the electrophotocatalytic hydrogenation. Notably, TfOH can regulate the redox potential of the active species in this system. In the presence of TfOH, precatalyst (1) reduction can occur at low potential, so that competitive H2 evolution can be inhibited, thus effectively promoting the hydrogenation of imines. In the absence of TfOH, the reducing ability of the system can reach a potency even comparable to that of Na0 or Li0, thereby allowing the hydrogenation, borylation, stannylation and (hetero)arylation of aryl halides to construct C-H, C-B, C-Sn, and C-C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China.
| | - Bo Li
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91106, USA.
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China.
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8
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Xu J, Lan Y, Liu B. Activation of Aryl and Alkyl Halides Enabled by Strong Photoreduction Potentials of a Hantzsch Ester/Cs 2CO 3 System. J Org Chem 2024; 89:599-604. [PMID: 38113916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We disclose herein a light-induced Hantzsch ester-initiated aryl and alkyl radical generation protocol from aryl halides (Br and Cl) and alkyl iodides. This method provides access to a wide range of benzo-fused heterocycles and C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling products. The reductive detosylation reaction has also been demonstrated using the same reaction conditions. Initial mechanism studies provide evidence of the formation of an alkyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Yingjun Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
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9
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Tian X, Liu Y, Yakubov S, Schütte J, Chiba S, Barham JP. Photo- and electro-chemical strategies for the activations of strong chemical bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:263-316. [PMID: 38059728 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00581f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The employment of light and/or electricity - alternatively to conventional thermal energy - unlocks new reactivity paradigms as tools for chemical substrate activations. This leads to the development of new synthetic reactions and a vast expansion of chemical spaces. This review summarizes recent developments in photo- and/or electrochemical activation strategies for the functionalization of strong bonds - particularly carbon-heteroatom (C-X) bonds - via: (1) direct photoexcitation by high energy UV light; (2) activation via photoredox catalysis under irradiation with relatively lower energy UVA or blue light; (3) electrochemical reduction; (4) combination of photocatalysis and electrochemistry. Based on the types of the targeted C-X bonds, various transformations ranging from hydrodefunctionalization to cross-coupling are covered with detailed discussions of their reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Tian
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Yuliang Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Shahboz Yakubov
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Schütte
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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10
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Shukla RK, Yadav RK, Gole VL, Singh S, Gupta NK, Baeg JO. Photocatalytic fixation and oxygenation of NAD + /NADP + and sulfides using solar light: Exploring mechanistic investigations and their impact on synthetic applications. Photochem Photobiol 2023. [PMID: 38054563 DOI: 10.1111/php.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-doped Eosin-B (SDE-B) photocatalysts were synthesized for the first time utilizing sublimed sulfur (S8 ) as a dopant in an in situ thermal copolymerization technique. Sulfur doping not only increased Eosin-B (E-B) absorption range for solar radiation but also improved fixation and oxygenation capabilities. The doped sulfur bridges the S-S bond by substituting for the edge bromine of the E-B bond. The improved photocatalytic activity of SDE-B in the fixation and oxygenation of NAD+ /NADP+ and sulfides using solar light is attributed to the photo-induced hole of SDE-B's high fixation and oxygenation capacity, as well as an efficient suppression of electron and hole recombination. The powerful light-harvesting bridge system created using SDE-B as a photocatalyst works extremely well, resulting in high NADH/NADPH regeneration (79.58/76.36%) and good sulfoxide yields (98.9%) under solar light. This study focuses on the creation and implementation of a sulfur-doped photocatalyst for direct fine chemical regeneration and organic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra K Shukla
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Rajesh K Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Vittal L Gole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Satyam Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Navneet Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jin-Ook Baeg
- Artificial Photosynthesis Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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11
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Žurauskas J, Boháčová S, Wu S, Butera V, Schmid S, Domański M, Slanina T, Barham JP. Electron-Poor Acridones and Acridiniums as Super Photooxidants in Molecular Photoelectrochemistry by Unusual Mechanisms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307550. [PMID: 37584300 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Electron-deficient acridones and in situ generated acridinium salts are reported as potent, closed-shell photooxidants that undergo surprising mechanisms. When bridging acyclic triarylamine catalysts with a carbonyl group (acridones), this completely diverts their behavior away from open-shell, radical cationic, 'beyond diffusion' photocatalysis to closed-shell, neutral, diffusion-controlled photocatalysis. Brønsted acid activation of acridones dramatically increases excited state oxidation power (by +0.8 V). Upon reduction of protonated acridones, they transform to electron-deficient acridinium salts as even more potent photooxidants (*E1/2 =+2.56-3.05 V vs SCE). These oxidize even electron-deficient arenes where conventional acridinium salt photooxidants have thusfar been limited to electron-rich arenes. Surprisingly, upon photoexcitation these electron-deficient acridinium salts appear to undergo two electron reductive quenching to form acridinide anions, spectroscopically-detected as their protonated forms. This new behaviour is partly enabled by a catalyst preassembly with the arene, and contrasts to conventional SET reductive quenching of acridinium salts. Critically, this study illustrates how redox active chromophoric molecules initially considered photocatalysts can transform during the reaction to catalytically active species with completely different redox and spectroscopic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Žurauskas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Soňa Boháčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Shangze Wu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Butera
- Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC, 61200 Brno (Czech Republic), Department of Science and Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simon Schmid
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michał Domański
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Xu X, Dai S, Xu S, Zhu Q, Li Y. Efficient Photocatalytic Cleavage of Lignin Models by a Soluble Perylene Diimide/Carbon Nitride S-Scheme Heterojunction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309066. [PMID: 37675642 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PDI) is one of the best n-type organic semiconductors and an ideal light-driven catalyst for lignin depolymerization. However, the charge localization effect and the excessively strong intermolecular aggregation trend in PDI result in rapid electron-hole (e- -h+ ) recombination, which limits photocatalytic performance. Herein, polymeric carbon nitride/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane PDI (p-CN/P-PDI) S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared by the solvent evaporation-deposition method for C-C bond selective cleavage of lignin β-O-4 model. Based on the material characterization results, the synergic role of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and S-scheme heterojunction maintains appropriate aggregation domains, achieves better solar light utilization, faster charge-transfer efficiency, and greater redox capacity. Notably, the 3 % p-CN/P-PDI heterostructure exhibits a remarkable enhancement in cleavage conversion efficiency, achieving approximately 16.42 and 2.57 times higher conversion rates compared to polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane modified PDI (POSS-PDI) and polymeric carbon nitride (p-CN), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Shuqi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
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13
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Li H, Yang Y, Jing X, He C, Duan C. Mixed-ligand metal-organic frameworks as an effective photocatalyst for selective oxidation reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11220-11223. [PMID: 37655546 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02839a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
By incorporating tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin and bis(3,5-dicarboxyphenyl)pyridine into one single metal-organic framework (MOF), a multifunctional mixed-ligand Zn-MIX with large pores was obtained. Under visible-light irradiation, Zn-MIX exhibits high photocatalytic activity for the oxidation of amines and sulfides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanning Li
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Xu Jing
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Cheng He
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Chunying Duan
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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14
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Lepori M, Schmid S, Barham JP. Photoredox catalysis harvesting multiple photon or electrochemical energies. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1055-1145. [PMID: 37533877 PMCID: PMC10390843 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis (PRC) is a cutting-edge frontier for single electron-transfer (SET) reactions, enabling the generation of reactive intermediates for both oxidative and reductive processes via photon activation of a catalyst. Although this represents a significant step towards chemoselective and, more generally, sustainable chemistry, its efficacy is limited by the energy of visible light photons. Nowadays, excellent alternative conditions are available to overcome these limitations, harvesting two different but correlated concepts: the use of multi-photon processes such as consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (conPET) and the combination of photo- and electrochemistry in synthetic photoelectrochemistry (PEC). Herein, we review the most recent contributions to these fields in both oxidative and reductive activations of organic functional groups. New opportunities for organic chemists are captured, such as selective reactions employing super-oxidants and super-reductants to engage unactivated chemical feedstocks, and scalability up to gram scales in continuous flow. This review provides comparisons between the two techniques (multi-photon photoredox catalysis and PEC) to help the reader to fully understand their similarities, differences and potential applications and to therefore choose which method is the most appropriate for a given reaction, scale and purpose of a project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Lepori
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmid
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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15
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Horsewill S, Hierlmeier G, Farasat Z, Barham JP, Scott DJ. Shining Fresh Light on Complex Photoredox Mechanisms through Isolation of Intermediate Radical Anions. ACS Catal 2023; 13:9392-9403. [PMID: 37497378 PMCID: PMC10367049 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis (PRC) has gained enormous and wide-ranging interest in recent years but has also been subject to significant mechanistic uncertainty, even controversy. To provide a method by which the missing understanding can begin to be filled in, we demonstrate herein that it is possible to isolate as authentic materials the one-electron reduction products of representative PRC catalysts (PCs). Specifically, KC8 reduction of both 9,10-dicyanoanthracene and a naphthalene monoamide derivative in the presence of a cryptand provides convenient access to the corresponding [K(crypt)+][PC·-] salts as clean materials that can be fully characterized by techniques including EPR and XRD. Because PC·- states are key intermediates in PRC reactions, such isolation allows for highly controlled study of these anions' specific reactivity and hence their mechanistic roles. As a demonstration of this principle, we show that these salts can be used to conveniently interrogate the mechanisms of recent, high-profile "conPET" and "e-PRC" reactions, which are currently the subject of both significant interest and acute controversy. Using very simple experiments, we are able to provide striking insights into these reactions' underlying mechanisms and to observe surprising levels of hidden complexity that would otherwise have been very challenging to identify and that emphasize the care and control that are needed when interrogating and interpreting PRC mechanisms. These studies provide a foundation for the study of a far broader range of questions around conPET, e-PRC, and other PRC reaction mechanisms in the future, using the same strategy of PC·- isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel
J. Horsewill
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Zahra Farasat
- Professor
Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry,
College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars 71467-13565, Iran
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg, Bayern 93053, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Scott
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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16
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Mi J, Guo Y, Gong Y, Liu S, Zhao M, Hu Q, Yu L. Highly sensitively detection of amine vapors released during shrimp spoilage by fluorescent molecules locked in covalent organic frameworks. Food Chem 2023; 424:136370. [PMID: 37201473 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescent sensors allow sensitive detection of amine vapors for assessing the safety and quality of seafood products. However, high diffusion resistance and insufficient recognition sites usually limit the sensitivity of the sensors. Here, we employed an emulsion-confined assembly strategy to uniform encapsulate fluorescent molecules perylene diimide (PDI) molecules into covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to achieve ultrasensitive detection of amine vapors. The detection mechanism is based on the photoinduced electron transfer from amine to the excited PDI. This method exhibits a broad linear detection range from 8 ppb to 800 ppm and the limit of detection reaches as low as 1.2 ppb. The real-time detection of the amine vapors produced during shrimp spoilage is successfully achieved with excellent performance. This provides a versatile method for the on-demand synthesis of functional materials with high fluorescence properties for the development of chemical sensors via encapsulating different fluorescent molecules into COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Mi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yongxian Guo
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yanjun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China.
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17
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Liang Y, Gui W, Yang Z, Cheng K, Zhou X, Yang C, Xu J, Zhou W. Copper-doped perylene diimide supramolecules combined with TiO 2 for efficient photoactivity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:11938-11947. [PMID: 37077265 PMCID: PMC10108381 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00965c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing organic-inorganic hybrid semiconductors is an effective strategy for improving the performance of the photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. In this experiment, we firstly introduced Cu into perylenediimide supramolecules (PDIsm) to prepare the novel Cu-dopped PDIsm (CuPDIsm) with one-dimensional structure and then incorporated CuPDIsm with TiO2 to improve the photocatalytic performance. The introduction of Cu in PDIsm increases both the visible light adsorption and specific surface areas. Cu2+ coordination link between adjacent perylenediimide (PDI) moleculars and H-type π-π stacking of the aromatic core greatly accelerate the electron transfer in CuPDIsm system. Moreover, the photo-induced electrons generated by CuPDIsm migrate to TiO2 nanoparticles through hydrogen bond and electronic coupling at the TiO2/CuPDIsm heterojunction, which further accelerates the electron transfer and the separation efficiency of the charge carriers. So, the TiO2/CuPDIsm composites exhibit excellent photodegradation activity under visible light irradiation, reaching the maximum values of 89.87 and 97.26% toward tetracycline and methylene blue, respectively. This study provides new prospects for the development of metal-dopping organic systems and the construction of inorganic-organic heterojunctions, which can effectively enhance the electron transfer and improve the photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China +86-27-67884991
| | - Wanrui Gui
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China +86-27-67884991
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China +86-27-67884991
| | - Kang Cheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China +86-27-67884991
| | - Xin Zhou
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China +86-27-67884991
| | - Can Yang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China +86-27-67884991
| | - Jianmei Xu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China +86-27-67884991
| | - Wei Zhou
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China +86-27-67884991
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18
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Chen C, Valera JS, Adachi TBM, Hermans TM. Efficient Photoredox Cycles to Control Perylenediimide Self-Assembly. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202849. [PMID: 36112270 PMCID: PMC10098730 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoreduction of perylenediimide (PDI) derivatives has been widely studied for use in photocatalysis, hydrogen evolution, photo-responsive gels, and organic semiconductors. Upon light irradiation, the radical anion (PDI⋅- ) can readily be obtained, whereas further reduction to the dianion (PDI2- ) is rare. Here we show that full 2-electron photoreduction can be achieved using UVC light: 1) in anaerobic conditions by 'direct photoreduction' of PDI aggregates, or 2) by 'indirect photoreduction' in aerobic conditions due to acetone ketyl radicals. The latter strategy is also efficient for other dyes, such as naphthalenediimide (NDI) and methylviologen (MV2+ ). Efficient photoreduction on the minute time-scale using simple LED light in aerobic conditions is attractive for use in dissipative light-driven systems and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Chen
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7140, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jorge S Valera
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7140, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Takuji B M Adachi
- Department of Physical chemistry Sciences II, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Hermans
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7140, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France
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19
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Yakubov S, Stockerl WJ, Tian X, Shahin A, Mandigma MJP, Gschwind RM, Barham JP. Benzoates as photosensitization catalysts and auxiliaries in efficient, practical, light-powered direct C(sp 3)-H fluorinations. Chem Sci 2022; 13:14041-14051. [PMID: 36540818 PMCID: PMC9728569 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05735b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Of the methods for direct fluorination of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds, photosensitization of SelectFluor is a promising approach. Although many substrates can be activated with photosensitizing catalysts, issues remain that hamper fluorination of complex molecules. Alcohol- or amine-containing functional groups are not tolerated, fluorination regioselectivity follows factors endogenous to the substrate and cannot be influenced by the catalyst, and reactions are highly air-sensitive. We report that benzoyl groups serve as highly efficient photosensitizers which, in combination with SelectFluor, enable visible light-powered direct fluorination of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds. Compared to previous photosensitizer architectures, the benzoyls have versatility to function both (i) as a photosensitizing catalyst for simple substrate fluorinations and (ii) as photosensitizing auxiliaries for complex molecule fluorinations that are easily installed and removed without compromising yield. Our auxiliary approach (i) substantially decreases the reaction's induction period, (ii) enables C(sp3)-H fluorination of many substrates that fail under catalytic conditions, (iii) increases kinetic reproducibility, and (iv) promotes reactions to higher yields, in shorter times, on multigram scales, and even under air. Observations and mechanistic studies suggest an intimate 'assembly' of auxiliary and SelectFluor prior/after photoexcitation. The auxiliary allows other EnT photochemistry under air. Examples show how auxiliary placement proximally directs regioselectivity, where previous methods are substrate-directed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahboz Yakubov
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Willibald J Stockerl
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Xianhai Tian
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Ahmed Shahin
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University 13518 Benha Egypt
| | - Mark John P Mandigma
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Ruth M Gschwind
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
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20
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Liu Z, Li X, Yin W, Chen J, Li C, Cheng F, Liu JJ. Perylenediimide-Based Hybrid Materials for the Iodoperfluoroalkylation of Alkenes and Oxidative Coupling of Amines: Bay-Substituent-Mediated Photocatalytic Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53090-53100. [PMID: 36383738 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic-organic donor-acceptor hybrid compounds are an emerging class of multifunctional crystalline materials with well-defined structures built from semiconductive inorganic and organic components. Perylenediimides (PDIs) are a prominent class of electron-deficient organic dyes, which can undergo consecutive photoinduced electron transfers to generate doublet excited-state radical anions for photoredox-inert chemical bonds. Thus, this is an excellent organic component for building hybrid materials to study the structure-property relationships in organic synthesis. In this context, three molecular structure modified PDI-based hybrid materials, (Me4-PDI)2·SiW12O40 (1), (Me4-Cl4-PDI)2·SiW12O40 (2), and (Me4-Br2-PDI)1.5·HSiW12O40 (3), were studied. By the introduction of different substituent groups at the bay positions, these three hybrid materials were successfully fabricated to investigate the impact of substituent groups on the photocatalytic activity. As expected, all PDI-based hybrid materials easily underwent consecutive photoexcitation to obtain their excited-state radical anions. However, experimental and theoretical analyses showed that these obtained excited-state radical anions displayed unusual bay-substituent-group-dependent photocatalytic conversion activities for the iodoperfluoroalkylation of alkenes and oxidative coupling of amines. Higher conversion yields were obtained for complexes 1 and 3 (bay-unsubstituted and Br-substituted PDI hybrid materials, respectively), and lower conversion was observed for complex 2 (Cl-substituted PDI hybrid material), which is attributed to the excited-state SOMO-1 energies of the PDI radical anions. The structure-property relationship established in this work provides insights for the further exploration of bay-substituted PDI hybrid materials in other small-molecule photocatalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Wenxiu Yin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Feixiang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
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21
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Razavi SAA, Morsali A, Piroozzadeh M. Redox Metal–Organic Framework for Photocatalytic Organic Transformation: The Role of Tetrazine Function in Radical-Anion Pathway. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19134-19143. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Ali Akbar Razavi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Maryam Piroozzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Islamic Republic of Iran
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22
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Cheng S, Tang J, Quan Y. Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Organic Photosensitizers in Organic Synthesis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengxian Cheng
- Department of Chemistry the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Sai Kung New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Jiayue Tang
- Department of Chemistry the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Sai Kung New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Yangjian Quan
- Department of Chemistry the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Sai Kung New Territories Hong Kong
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23
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Zhang Q, Jin Y, Ma L, Zhang Y, Meng C, Duan C. Chromophore‐Inspired Design of Pyridinium‐Based Metal–Organic Polymers for Dual Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204918. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yunhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Changgong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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24
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Yedase GS, Venugopal S, Arya P, Yatham VR. Catalyst‐free Hantzsch ester‐mediated Organic Transformations Driven by Visible light. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girish Suresh Yedase
- IISER-TVM: Indian Institute of Science Education Research Thiruvananthapuram School of Chemistry INDIA
| | - Sreelakshmi Venugopal
- IISER-TVM: Indian Institute of Science Education Research Thiruvananthapuram School of Chemistry INDIA
| | - P Arya
- IISER-TVM: Indian Institute of Science Education Research Thiruvananthapuram School of Chemistry INDIA
| | - Veera Reddy Yatham
- IISER-TVM: Indian Institute of Science Education Research Thiruvananthapuram School of Chemistry Thiruvananthapuram 695551 Thiruvananthapuram INDIA
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25
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Visible-Light Photocatalytic Reduction of Aryl Halides as a Source of Aryl Radicals. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175364. [PMID: 36080129 PMCID: PMC9458128 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl- and heteroaryl units are present in a wide variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and functional materials. The method for reduction of aryl halides with ubiquitous distribution is highly sought after for late-stage construction of various aromatic compounds. The visible-light-driven reduction of aryl halides to aryl radicals by electron transfer provides an efficient, simple, and environmentally friendly method for the construction of aromatic compounds. This review summarizes the recent progress in the generation of aryl radicals by visible-light-driven reduction of aryl halides with metal complexes, organic compounds, semiconductors as catalysts, and alkali-assisted reaction system. The ability and mechanism of reduction of aromatic halides in various visible light induced systems are summarized, intending to illustrate a comprehensive introduction of this research topic to the readers.
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26
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Liu Q, Cao S, Sun Q, Xing C, Gao W, Lu X, Li X, Yang G, Yu S, Chen Y. A perylenediimide modified SiO 2@TiO 2 yolk-shell light-responsive nanozyme: Improved peroxidase-like activity for H 2O 2 and sarcosine sensing. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129321. [PMID: 35739809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although light-responsive nanozyme have been widely used in colorimetric sensing, some limitations such as poor catalytic activity, low detection efficiency, and unclear structure-activity relationships remain unresolved. Herein, we prepared an excellent light-responsive peroxidase (POD) mimic, perylenediimide (PDI-OH) modified SiO2 @TiO2 yolk-shell spheres (SiO2 @TiO2/PDI-OH), based on DFT-assisted design. The experiment and DFT calculation revealed that the enhanced POD-like activity was mainly attributed to a suitable built-in electric field among adjacent PDI-OH molecules on the surface of the SiO2 @TiO2 and the unique yolk-shell structure with more reaction sites of SiO2 @TiO2. Consequently, the highly selective and ultrasensitive detection of H2O2 is achieved with a detection limit (LOD) of 7.6 × 10-8M. Further, the selective detection of sarcosine with LOD of 1.2 × 10-7 M was also achieved by introducing sarcosine oxidase (SOx). This colorimetric assay is successfully applied to selectively detect H2O2 and sarcosine levels in real samples. Controlled response time, anti-interference, and the robustness of the developed colorimetric sensor are the key advantages. And the present work firstly clarifies the effect of PDIs substituents on the POD-like activity of light-responsive nanozymes and provided new guidelines to develop high-performance nanozymes for hazardous substances detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Shoufu Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Qiqi Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanwang Xing
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Xiyou Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Guangwu Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
| | - Sirong Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
| | - Yanli Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
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27
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Regulating the dimensionality of diphosphaperylenediimide-based polymers by coordinating the out-of-plane anisotropic π-framework toward Ag+. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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28
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Jin F, Lin E, Wang T, Yan D, Yang Y, Chen Y, Cheng P, Zhang Z. Rationally fabricating 3D porphrinic covalent organic frameworks with scu topology as highly efficient photocatalysts. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Che G, Yang W, Wang C, Li M, Li X, Pan Q. Efficient Photocatalytic Oxidative Coupling of Benzylamine over Uranyl-Organic Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12301-12307. [PMID: 35881495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-driven organic transformation photocatalyzed by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) under mild conditions is considered a feasible route to conserve energy and simplify synthesis. Herein, a light-sensitized, three-dimensional uranyl-organic framework (HNU-64) with twofold interpenetration and its derivatives HNU-64-CH3 and HNU-64-Cl with functionalized ligands of -CH3 and -Cl groups were obtained. These MOFs have broad optical absorption bands and suitable band energy levels in photooxidation, which makes them exhibit high activity and selectivity for the photooxidation of benzylamine to N-benzylbenzoimide under mild conditions. This work provides an efficient and simple synthetic option for oxidative coupling of amines to directly produce imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Che
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Weiting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qinhe Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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30
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Powell D, Rhodes Z, Zhang X, Miller EJ, Jonely M, Hansen KR, Nwachukwu CI, Roberts AG, Wang H, Noriega R, Minteer SD, Whittaker-Brooks L. Photoactivation Properties of Self-n-Doped Perylene Diimides: Concentration-dependent Radical Anion and Dianion Formation. ACS MATERIALS AU 2022; 2:482-488. [PMID: 35856074 PMCID: PMC9284616 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.2c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Perylene diimides
(PDIs) have garnered attention as organic photocatalysts
in recent years for their ability to drive challenging synthetic transformations,
such as aryl halide reduction and olefin iodoperfluoroalkylation.
Previous work in this area employs spectator pendant groups attached
to the imide nitrogen positions of PDIs that are only added to impart
solubility. In this work, we employ electron-rich ammonium iodide
or ammonium hydroxide pendant groups capable of self-n-doping the
PDI core to form radical anions (R•–) and dianions (D••2–). We observe R•– formation is favored at low concentrations where aliphatic
linkers are able to freely rotate, while D••2– formation is favored at elevated
concentrations likely due to Coulombic stabilization between adjacent
chromophores in a similar manner to that of Kasha exciton stabilization.
Cyclic voltammetric measurements are consistent with steric encumbrance
increasing the Lewis basicity of anions through Coulombic destabilization.
However, sterics also inhibit dianion formation by disrupting aggregation.
Finally, femtosecond transient absorption measurements reveal that
low wavelength excitation (400 nm) preferentially favors the excitation
of R•– to the strongly
reducing doublet excited state 2[R•–]*. In contrast, higher wavelength excitation
(520 nm) favors the formation of the singlet excited state 1[N]*. These findings highlight the importance of dopant
architecture, counterion selection, excitation wavelength, and concentration
on R•– and D••2– formation,
which has substantial implications for future photocatalytic applications.
We anticipate these findings will enable more efficient systems based
on self-n-doped PDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Powell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Zayn Rhodes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Edwin J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - McKenzie Jonely
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kameron R. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Chideraa I. Nwachukwu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Andrew G. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - He Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Rodrigo Noriega
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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31
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Wang Y, Zhao Z, Sun R, Bian J, Zhang Z, Jing L. TiO 2-Modulated tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin/perylene diimide organic Z-scheme nano-heterojunctions for efficient visible-light catalytic CO 2 reduction. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8041-8049. [PMID: 35622376 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient Z-scheme heterojunctions with wide visible-light responsive perylene diimide (PDI) is highly desired for CO2 conversion, while the effective charge transfer and separation are crucial. Herein, TiO2-modulated tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin/perylene diimide (T-TP/PDI) organic nano-heterojunctions have been fabricated for CO2 reduction, in which TP and PDI are first assembled via π-π interactions between their similar 2D conjugate structures, and then the TiO2 nanoparticles (ca. 10 nm) are anchored as an energy platform through the carboxyl groups on TP. The optimal one exhibits a ∼10-fold enhancement in photocatalytic activity compared with the pristine PDI. Based on the time-resolved surface photovoltage responses, electron paramagnetic resonance signals, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra and the amount evaluation of H2O2 as the water-oxidation intermediate, it is suggested that the exceptional photoactivity be ascribed to the accelerated charge transfer and separation resulting from the constructed Z-scheme nano-heterojunctions with intimate interfacial interactions and the introduced energy platform TiO2 oriented towards largely inhibiting the type-II charge transfer pathway. This work diversifies the strategies for constructing efficient organic Z-scheme heterojunctions, and provides insight into interface correlation among components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenlong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment of Jilin Province, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ji Bian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Ziqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Liqiang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment of Jilin Province, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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32
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Chromophore‐inspired Design of Pyridinium‐based Metal‐Organic Polymers for Dual Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Jeong DY, Lee DS, Lee HL, Nah S, Lee JY, Cho EJ, You Y. Evidence and Governing Factors of the Radical-Ion Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeun Jeong
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Seul Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Lim Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Nah
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeob Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin You
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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34
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Zhao L, Du Z, Ji G, Wang Y, Cai W, He C, Duan C. Eosin Y-Containing Metal-Organic Framework as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Direct Photoactivation of Inert C-H Bonds. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7256-7265. [PMID: 35507831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Xanthene dyes as a class of ideal organic homogeneous photocatalyst have received significant attention in C-H bond activation; however, the inherent nature of fast carrier recombination/deactivation and low stability limits their practical applications. Herein, by the ingenious decoration of eosin Y into a porous metal-organic framework (MOF), a high-performance heterogeneous MOF-based photocatalyst was prepared to efficiently activate inert C-H bonds on the reactants via the hydrogen atom transfer pathway for the functionalization of the C-H bonds. Taking advantage of the fixation effect of a rigid framework, the incorporation of eosin Y into MOF leads to great enhancement of their chemical durability. More importantly, by the introduction of the second auxiliary ligand, the carbonyl groups of xanthene on the eosin Y dyes were perfectly retained and periodically aligned within the confined channels of this rigid framework, which could effectively form excited state radicals to prompt inert C-H bond activation, promoting reaction efficiency by the host-guest supramolecular interaction. New eosin Y-based MOFs were recyclable for six times without reducing photocatalytic activity. This eosin Y functionalized MOF-based heterogeneous photocatalytic system provides an availably catalytic avenue to develop a scalable and sustainable synthetic strategy for the practical application of organic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zenggang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Guanfeng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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35
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Jia P, Hu Y, Zeng Z, Wang Y, Song B, Jiang Y, Sun H, Wang M, Qiu W, Xu L. Construction of FRET-based metallacycles with efficient photosensitization efficiency and photocatalytic activity. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Yang F, Zhen M, Wang S, Wei W, He H, Xu Y. Atropisomer-based construction of a new perylene diimide macrocycle as visible-light photocatalyst for selective sulfide oxidation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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37
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Liao LL, Song L, Yan SS, Ye JH, Yu DG. Highly reductive photocatalytic systems in organic synthesis. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Yin X, Ai F, Han L. Recent Development of MOF-Based Photothermal Agent for Tumor Ablation. Front Chem 2022; 10:841316. [PMID: 35372266 PMCID: PMC8966584 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.841316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are 3D-architecture compounds of metal ions and organic molecules with sufficient and permanent porosity, showing great potential as a versatile platform to load various functional moieties to endow the hybrid materials with specific applications. Currently, a variety of photothermal nanometals have been embedded into organic ligands for integrating the unique photothermal effects with the merits of MOFs to improve their performances for cancer therapy. In this review, we have summarized a series of novel MOF-based photothermal materials for this unique therapeutic modality against tumors from three main aspects according to their chemical compositions and structures, i) metal-doped MOF, ii) organic-doped MOF, and iii) polymer-coated MOF. In addition, we have summarized the latest developments and characteristics of MOF-based photothermal agents, such as good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and responsive photothermal conversion without destroying the structure of hybrid photothermal agent. At last, we addressed the future perspectives of MOF-based photothermal agent in the field of phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhao Yin
- College of Applied Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fujin Ai
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Fujin Ai, ; Linbo Han,
| | - Linbo Han
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Fujin Ai, ; Linbo Han,
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39
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Zhao Z, Niu F, Li P, Wang H, Zhang Z, Meyer GJ, Hu K. Visible Light Generation of a Microsecond Long-Lived Potent Reducing Agent. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7043-7047. [PMID: 35271254 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Photoexcitation of molecular radicals can produce strong reducing agents; however, the limited lifetimes of the doublet excited states preclude many applications. Herein, we propose and demonstrate a general strategy to translate a highly energetic electron from a doublet excited state to a ZrO2 insulator, thereby increasing the lifetime by about 6 orders of magnitude while maintaining a reducing potential less than -2.4 V vs SCE. Specifically, red light excitation of a salicylic acid modified perylene diimide radical anion PDI•- anchored to a ZrO2 insulator yields a ZrO2(e-)|PDI charge separated state with an ∼10 μs lifetime in 23% yield. The ZrO2(e-)s were shown to drive CO2 → CO reduction with a Re catalyst present in micromolar concentrations. More broadly, this strategy provides new opportunities to reduce important reagents and catalysts at low concentrations through diffusional electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Fushuang Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Pengju Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Hanqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Zhenghao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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40
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Chang ZY, Wang ZY, Zhang R, Yu L. Acceleration of biotic decolorization and partial mineralization of methyl orange by a photo-assisted n-type semiconductor. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132846. [PMID: 34767853 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a n-type semiconductor perylene diimide (PDI) was coupled with biodegradation to accelerate the biotic decolorization and mineralization of methyl orange (MO) under light condition. The decolorization rates (k1) of MO in pure and mixed cultures with PDI were promoted by 1.35 and 1.79 folds, respectively, comparing to the cultures without PDI. The total mineralization efficiency of 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (4-ABA) was achieved to 22.10 ± 0.84% when in the presence of PDI. The quinone-like group and oxidation-reduction capacity of PDI were detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, respectively, but the enhancement on the biotic decolorization of MO was not promoted under dark condition indicating that microbial extracellular electron transfer was not promoted. The 4-ABA was confirmed to be partially mineralized when the PDI exposure to light. The generated free radicals i.e., h+, ⸱OH, was demonstrated as active species to accelerate the decolorization and mineralization of MO by ESR test and radical quenching experiments. The bond breaking of MO and 4-ABA molecules were successfully predicted by density functional theory calculations and were further proven by liquid-chromatography mass spectra. The synergistic mechanism of decolorization and mineralization of MO by microorganism and photocatalysis was proposed. Moreover, High-throughput sequencing and Live/dead cell results indicated that the presence of PDI has no obvious toxicity to the microorganisms and will not change the microbial communities during the short-term treatment period. The results of study provided a biological intimate photocatalytic material and suggested a feasible way for its combination with biodegradation of azo dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yue Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zi-Yang Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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41
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Li H, Wenger OS. Photophysics of Perylene Diimide Dianions and Their Application in Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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42
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Ji G, Zhao L, Wei J, Cai J, He C, Du Z, Cai W, Duan C. A Metal–Organic Framework as a Multiphoton Excitation Regulator for the Activation of Inert C(sp
3
)−H Bonds and Oxygen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanfeng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jianwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Junkai Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Zenggang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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43
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Liu Z, Li C, Chen J, Li X, Luo F, Cheng F, Liu JJ. Photoactive perylenediimide metal–organic framework for boosting iodoperfluoroalkylation of alkenes and oxidative coupling of amines. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel photoactive MOF was prepared based on an electron-deficient perylenediimide derivative, which exhibits excellent photocatalytic activities towards the iodoperfluoroalkylation of alkenes and the oxidation of amines to imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Fumang Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Feixiang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
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44
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Lu G, Chu F, Huang X, Li Y, Liang K, Wang G. Recent advances in Metal-Organic Frameworks-based materials for photocatalytic selective oxidation. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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45
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Tang Y, Zhao L, Ji G, Zhang Y, He C, Wang Y, Wei J, Duan C. Ligand regulated metal–organic frameworks for synergistic photoredox and nickel catalysis. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00173j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic photoredox and nickel catalytic cross-coupling systems have created a great attraction as a promising methodology to produce the aryl C−N bonds under mild conditions as well as extreme challenge,...
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46
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You MH, Li MH, Di YM, Zhang SQ, Lin MJ. Photochromic Polyoxometalate/Perylenediimide Donor-Acceptor Hybrid Crystals with Interesting Luminescent Properties. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:105-112. [PMID: 34918511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of electron-deficient protonated N, N'-dipyridyltetrachloroperylenediimide (4Cl-DPPDI) and electron-rich polyoxometalate acids HnXM12O40 (POMs; X = P or Si; M = W or Mo) resulted in four isomorphous donor-acceptor hybrid crystals 1-4 with segregated POM anions and one-dimensional racemic hydrogen-bonded 4Cl-DPPDI networks as electron-donor and -acceptor components, respectively. Because of the compact contacts between the POM anions and 4Cl-DPPDI tectons induced by anion-π interactions, besides enhanced photochromism, these four unique isostructural hybrids exhibited unusual room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emissions. More interestingly, owing to the facial compact contacts of two racemic 4Cl-DPPDI tectons induced by lone pair-π-assisted π-π interactions, they also showed unprecedented photon upconversion by triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua You
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Meng-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yi-Ming Di
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shu-Quan Zhang
- College of Zhicheng, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mei-Jin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
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47
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Jiang WL, Huang B, Wu MX, Zhu YK, Zhao XL, Shi X, Yang HB. Post-Synthetic Modification of Metal-Organic Frameworks Bearing Phenazine Radical Cations for aza-Diels-Alder Reactions. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3985-3992. [PMID: 34652071 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) consisting of organic radicals are of great interest because they have exhibited unique and intriguing optical, electronic, magnetic, and chemo-catalytic properties, and thus have demonstrated great potential applications in optical, electronic, and magnetic devices, and as catalysts. However, the preparation of MOFs bearing stable organic radicals is very challenging because most organic radicals are highly reactive and difficult to incorporate into the framework of MOFs. Herein we reported a post-synthetic modification strategy to prepare a novel MOF containing phenazine radical cations, which was used as heterogeneous catalyst for aza-Diels-Alder reaction. The zinc-based metal-organic framework Zn2 (PHZ)2 (dabco) (N) was successfully synthesized from 5,10-di(4-benzoic acid)-5,10-dihydrophenazine (PHZ), triethylene diamine (dabco) with Zn(NO3 )2 ⋅ 6H2 O by solvothermal method. The as-synthesized MOF N was partially oxidized by AgSbF6 to form MOF R containing ∼10% phenazine radical cation species. The resultant MOF R was found to keep the original crystal type of N and very persistent under ambient conditions. Consequently, MOF R was successfully employed in radical cation-catalyzed aza-Diels-Alder reactions with various imine substrates at room temperature with high reaction conversion. Moreover, heterogeneous catalyst MOF R was reusable up to five times without much loss of catalytic activity, demonstrating its excellent stability and recyclability. Therefore, the post-synthetic modification developed in this work is expected to become a versatile strategy to prepare radical-based MOFs for the application of heterogeneous catalysts in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Xiang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Ye-Kai Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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48
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Li H, Wenger OS. Photophysics of Perylene Diimide Dianions and Their Application in Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202110491. [PMID: 34787359 PMCID: PMC9299816 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The two‐electron reduced forms of perylene diimides (PDIs) are luminescent closed‐shell species whose photochemical properties seem underexplored. Our proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates that straightforward (single) excitation of PDI dianions with green photons provides an excited state that is similarly or more reducing than the much shorter‐lived excited states of PDI radical monoanions, which are typically accessible after biphotonic excitation with blue photons. Thermodynamically demanding photocatalytic reductive dehalogenations and reductive C−O bond cleavage reactions of lignin model compounds have been performed using sodium dithionite acts as a reductant, either in aqueous solution or in biphasic water–acetonitrile mixtures in the presence of a phase transfer reagent. Our work illustrates the concept of multi‐electron reduction of a photocatalyst by a sacrificial reagent prior to irradiation with low‐energy photons as a means of generating very reactive excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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49
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Ji G, Zhao L, Wei J, Cai J, He C, Du Z, Cai W, Duan C. A Metal-Organic Framework as a Multiphoton Excitation Regulator for the Activation of Inert C(sp 3 )-H Bonds and Oxygen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114490. [PMID: 34747102 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The activation and oxidization of inert C(sp3 )-H bonds into value-added chemicals affords attractively economic and ecological benefits as well as central challenge in modern chemistry. Inspired by the natural enzymatic transformation, herein, we report a new multiphoton excitation approach to activate the inert C(sp3 )-H bonds and oxygen by integrating the photoinduced electron transfer (PET), ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) events together into one metal-organic framework. The well-modified nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) mimics oxidized CeIII -OEt moieties to generate CeIV -OEt chromophore and its reduced state mimics NAD. via PET. The in situ formed CeIV -OEt moiety triggers a LMCT excitation to form the alkoxy radical EtO. , abstracts a hydrogen atom from the C(sp3 )-H bond, accompanying the recovery of CeIII -OEt and the formation of alkyl radicals. The formed NAD. activates oxygen to regenerate the NAD+ for next recycle, wherein, the activated oxygen species interacts with the intermediates for the oxidization functionalization, paving a catalytic avenue for developing scalable and sustainable synthetic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanfeng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jianwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Junkai Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zenggang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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50
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Abramov A, Bonardd S, Pérez‐Ruiz R, Díaz Díaz D. Recyclable, Immobilized Transition‐Metal Photocatalysts. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Abramov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätstr. 31 Regensburg 93053 Germany
| | - Sebastián Bonardd
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de La Laguna Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Tenerife Spain
- Instituto de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González Universidad de La Laguna Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 38206 La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez‐Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Camino de Vera S/N 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätstr. 31 Regensburg 93053 Germany
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de La Laguna Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Tenerife Spain
- Instituto de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González Universidad de La Laguna Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 38206 La Laguna Tenerife Spain
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