1
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Nowak-Król A, Geppert PT, Naveen KR. Boron-containing helicenes as new generation of chiral materials: opportunities and challenges of leaving the flatland. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7408-7440. [PMID: 38784742 PMCID: PMC11110153 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01083c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased interest in chiral functional dyes has stimulated activity in the field of boron-containing helicenes over the past few years. Despite the fact that the introduction of boron endows π-conjugated scaffolds with attractive electronic and optical properties, boron helicenes have long remained underdeveloped compared to other helicenes containing main group elements. The main reason was the lack of reliable synthetic protocols to access these scaffolds. The construction of boron helicenes proceeds against steric strain, and thus the methods developed for planar systems have sometimes proven ineffective in their synthesis. Recent advances in the general boron chemistry and the synthesis of strained derivatives have opened the way to a wide variety of boron-containing helicenes. Although the number of helically chiral derivatives is still limited, these compounds are currently at the forefront of emissive materials for circularly-polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs). Yet the design of good emitters is not a trivial task. In this perspective, we discuss a number of requirements that must be met to provide an excellent emissive material. These include chemical and configurational stability, emission quantum yields, luminescence dissymmetry factors, and color purity. Understanding of these parameters and some structure-property relationships should aid in the rational design of superior boron helicenes. We also present the main achievements in their synthesis and point out niches in this area, e.g. stereoselective synthesis, necessary to accelerate the development of this fascinating class of compounds and to realize their potential in OLED devices and in other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nowak-Król
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Patrick T Geppert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kenkera Rayappa Naveen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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2
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Li G, Xu K, Zheng J, Fang X, Lou W, Zhan F, Deng C, Yang YF, Zhang Q, She Y. High-Performance Ultraviolet Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled by Double Boron-Oxygen-Embedded Benzo[ m]tetraphene Emitters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1667-1680. [PMID: 38175122 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes (UV OLEDs) have attracted increasing attention because of their promising applications in healthcare, industry, and agriculture; however, their development has been hindered by the shortage of robust UV emitters. Herein, we embedded double boron-oxygen units into nonlinear polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BO-PAHs) to regulate their molecular configurations and excited-state properties, enabling novel bent BO-biphenyl (BO-bPh) and helical BO-naphthyl (BO-Nap) emitters with hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) characteristics. They could be facilely synthesized in gram-scale amounts via a highly efficient two-step route. BO-bPh and BO-Nap showed strong UV and violet-blue photoluminescence in toluene with full width at half-maximum values of 25 and 37 nm, along with quantum efficiencies of 98 and 99%, respectively. A BO-bPh-based OLED showed high color purity UV electroluminescence peaking at 394 nm with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.166, 0.021). Moreover, the device demonstrated a record-high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11.3%, achieved by successful hot exciton utilization. This work demonstrates the promising potential of double BO-PAHs as robust emitters for future UV OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jianbing Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Lou
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhan
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Chao Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
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3
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Zhang JJ, Yang L, Liu F, Serra G, Fu Y, Lucotti A, Popov AA, Tommasini M, Ma J, Feng X. Pushing Up the Size Limit of Boron-doped peri-Acenes: Modular Synthesis and Characterizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312055. [PMID: 37823345 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom-doped peri-acenes (PAs) have recently attracted considerable attention considering their fascinating physical properties and chemical stability. However, the precise sole addition of boron atoms along the zigzag edges of PAs remains challenging, primarily due to the limited synthetic approach. Herein, we present a novel one-pot modular synthetic strategy toward unprecedented boron-doped PAs (B-PAs), including B-[4,2]PA (1 a-2), B-[4,3]PA (1 b-2) and B-[7,2]PA (1 c-3) derivatives, through efficient intramolecular electrophilic borylation. Their chemical structures are unequivocally confirmed with a combination of mass spectrometry, NMR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Notably, 1 b-2 exhibits an almost planar geometry, whereas 1 a-2 displays a distinctive bowl-like distortion. Furthermore, the optoelectronic properties of this series of B-PAs are thoroughly investigated by UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy combined with DFT calculation. Compared with their parent all-carbon analogs, the obtained B-PAs exhibit high stability, wide energy gaps, and high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 84 %. This study reveals the exceptional ability of boron doping to finely tune the physicochemical properties of PAs, showcasing their potential applications in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jiang Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Lin Yang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianluca Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Yubin Fu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Ji Ma
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle, 06120, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle, 06120, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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4
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Ma T, Dong J, Yang DT. Heteroatom-boron-heteroatom-doped π-conjugated systems: structures, synthesis and photofunctional properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13679-13689. [PMID: 37901914 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The potency of heteroatom-doping in reshaping optoelectronic properties arises from the distinct electronegativity variations between heteroatoms and carbon atoms. By incorporating two heteroatoms with differing electronegativities (e.g., B = N), not only is the architectural coherence of π-conjugated systems retained, but also dipolar traits are introduced, accompanied by unique intermolecular interactions absent in their all-carbon analogs. Another burgeoning doping strategy, featuring the heteroatom-boron-heteroatom motif (X-B-X, where X = N, O), has captured growing attention. This configuration's coexistence of the boron-heteroatom unit and an isolated heteroatom stimulates mutual modulation in the dipole of the boron-heteroatom unit and the heteroatom's electronegativity. In this Feature article, we present an encompassing survey of XBX-doped π-conjugated systems, elucidating how the integration of the X-B-X unit induces transformative structural and property changes within π-conjugated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jiaqi Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Deng-Tao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, 430056 Wuhan, China
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5
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Li G, Xu K, Zheng J, Fang X, Yang YF, Lou W, Chu Q, Dai J, Chen Q, Yang Y, She YB. Double boron-oxygen-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: skeletal editing and applications as organic optoelectronic materials. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7089. [PMID: 37925472 PMCID: PMC10625603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient one-pot strategy for the facile synthesis of double boron-oxygen-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (dBO-PAHs) with high regioselectivity and efficient skeletal editing is developed. The boron-oxygen-fused rings exhibit low aromaticity, endowing the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with high chemical and thermal stabilities. The incorporation of the boron-oxygen units enables the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to show single-component, low-temperature ultralong afterglow of up to 20 s. Moreover, the boron-oxygen-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can also serve as ideal n-type host materials for high-brightness and high-efficiency deep-blue OLEDs; compared to single host, devices using boron-oxygen-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-based co-hosts exhibit dramatically brightness and efficiency enhancements with significantly reduced efficiency roll-offs; device 9 demonstrates a high color-purity (Commission International de l'Eclairage CIEy = 0.104), and also achieves a record-high external quantum efficiency (28.0%) among Pt(II)-based deep-blue OLEDs with Commission International de l'Eclairage CIEy < 0.20; device 10 achieves a maximum brightnessof 27219 cd/m2 with a peak external quantum efficiency of 27.8%, which representes the record-high maximum brightness among Pt(II)-based deep-blue OLEDs. This work demonstrates the great potential of the double boron-oxygen-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as ultralong afterglow and n-type host materials in optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Kewei Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jianbing Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Lou
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qingshan Chu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Dai
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qidong Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuning Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Bin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
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6
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Yang CC, Tian WQ. Electronic Structure Modulation of Nanographenes for Second Order Nonlinear Optical Molecular Materials. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300279. [PMID: 37515505 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) have drawn extensive attention as promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic and nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, owing to its unique optoelectronic properties and high thermal stability. However, the weak polarity or even non-polarity of NGs (resulting in weak even order NLO properties) and the high chemical reactivity of zigzag edged NGs hinder their further applications in nonlinear optics, thus stabilization (lowering the chemical reactivity) and polarizing the charge distribution in NGs are necessary for such applications of NGs. The fusion of heptagon and pentagon endows the azulene with the character of donor-acceptor, and the B=N unit is isoelectronic to C=C unit. The introduction of polar azulene and BN are idea to polarize and stabilize the electronic structure of NGs for NLO applications. In the present review, a survey on the functionalization and applications of NGs in nonlinear optics is conducted. The engineering of the electronic structure of NGs by topological defects, doping and edge modulation is summarized. Finally, a summary of challenges and perspectives for carbon-based NLO nanomaterials is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Yang
- College of Science, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan, Chongqing, 400054, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Wei Quan Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
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7
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Menduti L, Baldoli C, Manetto S, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Longhi G, Villani C, Licandro E, Wagner M. (BO) 2 -Doped Tetrathia[7]helicene: A Configurationally Stable Blue Emitter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215468. [PMID: 36409523 PMCID: PMC10107351 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Helicenes combine two central themes in chemistry: extended π-conjugation and chirality. Hetero-atom doping preserves both characteristics and allows modulation of the electronic structure of a helicene. Herein, we report the (BO)2 -doped tetrathia[7]helicene 1, which was prepared from 2-methoxy-3,3'-bithiophene in four steps. 1 is formally derived by substituting two (Mes)B-O moieties in place of (H)C=C(H) fragments in two benzene rings of the parent tetrathia[7]helicene. X-ray crystallography revealed a dihedral angle of 50.26(9)° between the two terminal thiophene rings. The (P)-/(M)-1 enantiomers were separated by chiral HPLC and are configurationally stable at room temperature. The experimentally determined enantiomerization barrier of 27.4±0.1 kcal mol-1 is lower than that of tetrathia[7]helicene (39.4±0.1 kcal mol-1 ). The circular dichroism spectra of (P)- and (M)-1 show a perfect mirror-image relationship. 1 is a blue emitter (λem =411 nm) with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency of ΦPL =6 % (cf. tetrathia[7]helicene: λem ≈405 nm, ΦPL =5 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Menduti
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Camillo Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Clara Baldoli
- CNR Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche Giulio Natta, Via Camillo Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Manetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudio Villani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Licandro
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Camillo Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
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8
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Wentz KE, Molino A, Freeman LA, Dickie DA, Wilson DJD, Gilliard RJ. Approaching Dianionic Tetraoxadiborecine Macrocycles: 10-Membered Bora-Crown Ethers Incorporating Borafluorenate Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215772. [PMID: 36437238 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The addition of non-benzenoid quinones, acenapthenequinone or aceanthrenequinone, to the 9-carbene-9-borafluorene monoanion (1) affords the first examples of dianionic 10-membered bora-crown ethers (2-5), which are characterized by multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy (1 H, 13 C, 11 B), X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. These tetraoxadiborecines have distinct absorption profiles based on the positioning of the alkali metal cations. When compound 4, which has a vacant C4 B2 O4 cavity, is reacted with sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate, a color change from purple to orange serves as a visual indicator of metal binding to the central ring, whereby the Na+ ion coordinates to four oxygen atoms. A detailed theoretical analysis of the calculated reaction energetics is provided to gain insight into the reaction mechanism for the formation of 2-5. These data, and the electronic structures of proposed intermediates, indicate that the reaction proceeds via a boron enolate intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie E Wentz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, 22904, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, 3086, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucas A Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, 22904, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, 22904, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, 3086, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, 22904, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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9
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Reale M, Sciortino A, Cannas M, Maçoas E, David AHG, Cruz CM, Campaña AG, Messina F. Atomically Precise Distorted Nanographenes: The Effect of Different Edge Functionalization on the Photophysical Properties down to the Femtosecond Scale. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:835. [PMID: 36676571 PMCID: PMC9867459 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) have been attracting widespread interest since they combine peculiar properties of graphene with molecular features, such as bright visible photoluminescence. However, our understanding of the fundamental properties of NGs is still hampered by the high degree of heterogeneity usually characterizing most of these materials. In this context, NGs obtained by atomically precise synthesis routes represent optimal benchmarks to unambiguously relate their properties to well-defined structures. Here we investigate in deep detail the optical response of three curved hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivatives obtained by atomically precise synthesis routes. They are constituted by the same graphenic core, characterized by the presence of a heptagon ring determining a saddle distortion of their sp2 network, and differ from each other for slightly different edge functionalization. The quite similar structure allows for performing a direct comparison of their spectroscopic features, from steady-state down to the femtosecond scale, and precisely disentangling the role played by the different edge chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Reale
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- Advanced Technologies Network Center, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 18/A, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Cannas
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ermelinda Maçoas
- Centro de Química Estrutural e Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Arthur H. G. David
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ), Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Cruz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ), Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ), Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Messina
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- Advanced Technologies Network Center, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 18/A, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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10
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Franceschini M, Crosta M, Ferreira RR, Poletto D, Demitri N, Zobel JP, González L, Bonifazi D. peri-Acenoacene Ribbons with Zigzag BN-Doped Peripheries. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21470-21484. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Franceschini
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Crosta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rúben R. Ferreira
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniele Poletto
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra − Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - J. Patrick Zobel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Full F, Wölflick Q, Radacki K, Braunschweig H, Nowak‐Król A. Enhanced Optical Properties of Azaborole Helicenes by Lateral and Helical Extension. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202280. [PMID: 35877557 PMCID: PMC9826013 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of laterally extended azabora[5]-, -[6]- and -[7]helicenes, assembled from N-heteroaromatic and dibenzo[g,p]chrysene building blocks is described. Formally, the π-conjugated systems of the pristine azaborole helicenes were enlarged with a phenanthrene unit leading to compounds with large Stokes shifts, significantly enhanced luminescence quantum yields (Φ) and dissymmetry factors (glum ). The beneficial effect on optical properties was also observed for helical elongation. The combined contributions of lateral and helical extensions resulted in a compound showing green emission with Φ of 0.31 and |glum | of 2.2×10-3 , highest within the series of π-extended azaborahelicenes and superior to emission intensity and chiroptical response of its non-extended congener. This study shows that helical and lateral extensions of π-conjugated systems are viable strategies to improve features of azaborole helicenes. In addition, single crystal X-ray analysis of configurationally stable [6]- and -[7]helicenes was used to provide insight into their packing arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Full
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany,Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Quentin Wölflick
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany,Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Agnieszka Nowak‐Król
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany,Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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12
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Chen X, Tan D, Dong J, Ma T, Duan Y, Yang DT. [4]Triangulenes Modified by Three Oxygen-Boron-Oxygen (OBO) Units: Synthesis, Characterizations, and Anti-Kasha Emissions. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10085-10091. [PMID: 36269151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Modification of π-conjugated systems using a boron atom as the dopant has become a powerful approach to create new structures and new properties. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of replacing the carbon edges of [4]triangulene by three oxygen-boron-oxygen (OBO) units. The OBO-modified [4]triangulenes are structurally similar to [4]triangulene and isoelectronic to the trianion of [4]triangulene. The structure of OBO-modified [4]triangulene is confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, revealing an off-plane core with three edge-modified OBO units. These OBO-modified [4]triangulenes exhibit excellent thermal stability. These compounds have phosphorescence with lifetime longer than 1 s at 77 K. Both theoretical calculations and photophysical investigation of OBO-modified [4]triangulenes indicate that this kind of molecules display a rare anti-Kasha fluorescence and phosphorescence emissions from multiple higher excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Dehui Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Jiaqi Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Tinghao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Yi Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Deng-Tao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
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13
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Shigeno M, Iseya Y, Kume R, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Borylative Cyclizations of α-(2-Bromoaryl) Ketones to Form 1,2-Benzoxaborinines. Org Lett 2022; 24:7227-7231. [PMID: 36165769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report that palladium catalyzes the borylative cyclization of α-(2-bromoaryl) ketones to afford 1,2-benzoxaborinines. The developed system is compatible with a variety of functionalities (Me, t-Bu, OMe, NMe2, F, Cl, CN, CF3, CO2Me, and heteroaryl groups) and is applicable to the synthesis of B-O-containing tri- and tetracyclic fused-ring compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuto Iseya
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Kume
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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14
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Yang W, Shen J. Multiple Heterohelicenes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202069. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Wen Yang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Jian Shen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
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15
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Ouadoudi O, Kaehler T, Çevik EG, Bolte M, Stöger B, Virovets A, Lerner HW, Wagner M. Late-stage derivatization of a (B,O) 2-doped perylene. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13195-13198. [PMID: 35993410 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02364d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective di- and tetrabrominations of the (B,O)2-perylene 1 afford derivatives 2-4. Despite their poor solubility, 2 and 4 could be used in Stille-type coupling reactions to introduce two CCMe (5) or four CC(p-C6H4tBu) substituents (6), respectively. The alkynylated derivatives show blue-green photoluminescence with appreciable quantum efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ouadoudi
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| | - Tanja Kaehler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| | - Enes Görkem Çevik
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| | - Berthold Stöger
- X-ray Center, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, AT-1060, Austria
| | - Alexander Virovets
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
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16
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Wu YF, Ying SW, Liao SD, Zhang L, Du JJ, Chen BW, Tian HR, Xie FF, Xu H, Deng SL, Zhang Q, Xie SY, Zheng LS. Sulfur-Doped Quintuple [9]Helicene with Azacorannulene as Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204334. [PMID: 35698274 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a hetero(S,N)-quintuple [9]helicene (SNQ9H) molecule with an azacorannulene core was synthesized, currently representing the highest hetero-helicene reported in the field of multiple [n]helicenes. X-ray crystallography indicated that SNQ9H includes not only a propeller-shaped conformer SNQ9H-1, but also an unforeseen quasi-propeller-shaped conformer SNQ9H-2. Different conformers were observed for the first time in multiple [n≥9]helicenes, likely owing to the doping of heteroatomic sulfurs in the helical skeletons. Remarkably, the ratio of SNQ9H-1 to SNQ9H-2 can be regulated in situ by the reaction temperature. Experimental studies on the photophysical and redox properties of SNQ9H and theoretical calculations clearly demonstrated that the electronic structures of SNQ9H depend on their molecular conformations. The strategy of introducing heteroatomic sulfurs into the helical skeleton may be useful in constructing various conformers of higher multiple [n]helicenes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Fu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Si-Wei Ying
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Song-Di Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jun-Jie Du
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Bin-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Han-Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Fang-Fang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Han Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shun-Liu Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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17
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Yang CC, Zheng XL, Chen J, Tian WQ, Li WQ, Yang L. Spin engineering of triangulenes and application for nano nonlinear optical materials design. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18529-18542. [PMID: 35899847 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02915d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recently synthesized triangulenes with non-bonding edge states could have broad potential applications in magnetics, spintronics and electro-optics if they have appropriate electronic structure modulation. In the present work, strategies based on molecular orbital theory through heteroatom doping are proposed to redistribute, reduce or eliminate the spin of triangulenes for novel functional materials design, and the role of B, N, NBN, and BNB in such intended electronic structure manipulation is scrutinized. π-Extended triangulenes with tunable electronic properties could be potential nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with appropriate inhibition of their polyradical nature. The elimination of spin is achieved by B, N, NBN, and BNB doping with the intended geometric arrangement for enhanced polarity. Intended doping of BNB results in an optimal structure with large static first hyperpolarizability (〈β0〉) as well as strong Hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) βHRS(-2ω; ω, ω) (ω = 1064.0 nm), TG7-BNB-ba with a large 〈β0〉 (18.85 × 10-30 esu per heavy atom) and βHRS (1.15 × 10-28 esu per heavy atom) much larger than that of a synthesized triangular molecule (1.12 × 10-30 esu of 〈β0〉 per heavy atom and 5.04 × 10-30 esu of βHRS per heavy atom). The strong second order NLO responses in the near-infrared and visible regions, particularly the strong sum frequency generation, make these B or (and) N doped triangulenes promising candidates for the fabrication of novel carbon-based optoelectronic devices and micro-NLO devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Huxi Campus, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Xue-Lian Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Huxi Campus, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Jiu Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Huxi Campus, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Wei Quan Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Huxi Campus, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Wei-Qi Li
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.,Technology Innovation Center of Materials and Devices at Extreme Environment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Jinlian Street, Wenzhou 325001, China.
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18
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Liu Z, Fu S, Liu X, Narita A, Samorì P, Bonn M, Wang HI. Small Size, Big Impact: Recent Progress in Bottom-Up Synthesized Nanographenes for Optoelectronic and Energy Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106055. [PMID: 35218329 PMCID: PMC9259728 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up synthesized graphene nanostructures, including 0D graphene quantum dots and 1D graphene nanoribbons, have recently emerged as promising candidates for efficient, green optoelectronic, and energy storage applications. The versatility in their molecular structures offers a large and novel library of nanographenes with excellent and adjustable optical, electronic, and catalytic properties. In this minireview, recent progress on the fundamental understanding of the properties of different graphene nanostructures, and their state-of-the-art applications in optoelectronics and energy storage are summarized. The properties of pristine nanographenes, including high emissivity and intriguing blinking effect in graphene quantum dots, superior charge transport properties in graphene nanoribbons, and edge-specific electrochemistry in various graphene nanostructures, are highlighted. Furthermore, it is shown that emerging nanographene-2D material-based van der Waals heterostructures provide an exciting opportunity for efficient green optoelectronics with tunable characteristics. Finally, challenges and opportunities of the field are highlighted by offering guidelines for future combined efforts in the synthesis, assembly, spectroscopic, and electrical studies as well as (nano)fabrication to boost the progress toward advanced device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Liu
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 70068 allée Gaspard MongeStrasbourg67000France
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University1919‐1 Tancha, Onna‐sonKunigamiOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 70068 allée Gaspard MongeStrasbourg67000France
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
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19
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Zhang Q, Wu YF, Ying SW, Liao SD, Zhang L, Du JJ, Chen BW, Tian HR, Xie FF, Xu H, Deng SL, Xie SY, Zheng LS. Sulfur‐Doped Quintuple [9]helicene with Azacorannulene as Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan Zhang
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Simin South Road 422, Xiamen, China 361005 Xiamen CHINA
| | - Yin-Fu Wu
- Xiamen University chemistry department CHINA
| | - Si-Wei Ying
- Xiamen University chemistry department CHINA
| | | | - Ling Zhang
- Xiamen University chemistry department CHINA
| | - Jun-Jie Du
- Xiamen University chemistry department CHINA
| | | | | | | | - Han Xu
- Xiamen University chemistry department CHINA
| | | | - Su-Yuan Xie
- Xiamen University chemistry department CHINA
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20
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Ahmed J, Mandal SK. Phenalenyl Radical: Smallest Polycyclic Odd Alternant Hydrocarbon Present in the Graphene Sheet. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11369-11431. [PMID: 35561295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenalenyl, a zigzag-edged odd alternant hydrocarbon unit can be found in the graphene nanosheet. Hückel molecular orbital calculations indicate the presence of a nonbonding molecular orbital (NBMO), which originates from the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) arising from 13 carbon atoms of the phenalenyl molecule. Three redox states (cationic, neutral radical, and anionic) of the phenalenyl-based molecules were attributed to the presence of this NBMO. The cationic state can undergo two consecutive reductions to result in neutral radical and anionic states, stepwise, respectively. The phenalenyl-based radicals were found as crucial building blocks and attracted the attention of various research fields such as organic synthesis, material science, computation, and device physics. From 2012 onward, a strategy was devised using the cationic state of phenalenyl-based molecules and in situ generated phenalenyl radicals, which created a new domain of catalysis. The in situ generated phenalenyl radicals were utilized for the single electron transfer (SET) process resulting in redox catalysis. This emerging range of applications rejuvenates the more than six decades-old phenalenyl chemistry. This review captures such developments ranging from fundamental understanding to multidirectional applications of phenalenyl-based radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasimuddin Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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21
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Zhang JJ, Ma J, Liu F, Cui LS, Fu Y, Yang L, Popov AA, Weigand JJ, Liu J, Feng X. Large Acene Derivatives with B-N Lewis Pair Doping: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application. Org Lett 2022; 24:1877-1882. [PMID: 35244403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis of a novel class of B-N Lewis pair (LPB/N)-doped large acene derivatives (1a-1d) from the well-designed phenanthridine-based precursors. The resultant LPB/N-doped benzo-tetracene (1a), dibenzo-heptacene (1b), dibenzo-octacene (1c), and V-shaped tribenzo-nonacene (1d) are thoroughly characterized by X-ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopies together with DFT calculations. As a proof of concept, a 1a-based organic light-emitting diode device is fabricated to demonstrate the promising application in organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jiang Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lin-Song Cui
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui China
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lin Yang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Rokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle, 06120, Germany
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22
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Ajayakumar MR, Ma J, Feng X. π‐Extended peri‐Acenes: Recent Progress in Synthesis and Characterization. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Ajayakumar
- Dresden University of Technology: Technische Universitat Dresden Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Dresden GERMANY
| | - Ji Ma
- Dresden University of Technology: Technische Universitat Dresden Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry 01069 Dresden GERMANY
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Technische Universitaet Dresden Chair for Molecular Functional Materials Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden GERMANY
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23
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Hackney HE, Hall DG. Recent Advances in the Luminescence of Arylboronic Acids and their Heteroatom Condensates. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Hackney
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Current address Department of Chemistry McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Dennis G. Hall
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science Edmonton Alberta Canada
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24
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Yuan K, Volland D, Kirschner S, Uzelac M, Nichol GS, Nowak-Król A, Ingleson MJ. Enhanced N-directed electrophilic C-H borylation generates BN-[5]- and [6]helicenes with improved photophysical properties. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1136-1145. [PMID: 35211280 PMCID: PMC8790800 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06513k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicenes are chiral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of significant interest, e.g. in supramolecular chemistry, materials science and asymmetric catalysis. Herein an enhanced N-directed electrophilic C-H borylation methodology has been developed that provides access to azaborine containing helicenes (BN-helicenes). This borylation process proceeds via protonation of an aminoborane with bistriflimidic acid. DFT calculations reveal the borenium cation formed by protonation to be more electrophilic than the product derived from aminoborane activation with BBr3. The synthesised helicenes include BN-analogues of archetypal all carbon [5]- and [6]helicenes. The replacement of a CC with a BN unit (that has a longer bond) on the outer helix increases the strain in the BN congeners and the racemization half-life for a BN-[5]helicene relative to the all carbon [5]helicene. BN incorporation also increases the fluorescence efficiency of the helicenes, a direct effect of BN incorporation altering the distribution of the key frontier orbitals across the helical backbone relative to carbo-helicenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yuan
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Daniel Volland
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Sven Kirschner
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Marina Uzelac
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Gary S Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Agnieszka Nowak-Król
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael J Ingleson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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25
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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26
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Wu YF, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Xie SY, Zheng LS. Multiple [ n]helicenes with various aromatic cores. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00988a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Usually, multiple [n]helicene molecules have a characteristic aromatic core, such as benzene, naphthalene, pyrene, perylene, hexabenzocoronene, corannulene, or azacorannulene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Fu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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27
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Oda S, Kawakami B, Yamasaki Y, Matsumoto R, Yoshioka M, Fukushima D, Nakatsuka S, Hatakeyama T. One-Shot Synthesis of Expanded Heterohelicene Exhibiting Narrowband Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:106-112. [PMID: 34941256 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An expanded heterohelicene consisting of three BN2-embedded [4]helicene subunits (V-DABNA-Mes) has been synthesized by one-shot triple borylation. The key to success is the excessive use of boron tribromide in an autoclave. Based on the multiple resonance effect of three boron and six nitrogen atoms, V-DABNA-Mes exhibited a narrowband sky-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence with a full width at half-maximum of 16 nm. The resonating π-extension minimized the singlet-triplet energy gap and enabled rapid reverse intersystem crossing with a rate constant of 4.4 × 105 s-1. The solution-processed organic light-emitting diode device, employed as an emitter, exhibited a narrowband emission at 480 nm with a high external quantum efficiency of 22.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Oda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Bungo Kawakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Ryuji Matsumoto
- Advanced Material Development Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 6 Kitahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-3294, Japan
| | - Mayu Yoshioka
- Advanced Material Development Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 6 Kitahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-3294, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fukushima
- Advanced Material Development Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 6 Kitahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-3294, Japan
| | - Soichiro Nakatsuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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28
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Zhang J, Yang L, Liu F, Fu Y, Liu J, Popov AA, Ma J, Feng X. A Modular Cascade Synthetic Strategy Toward Structurally Constrained Boron‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Jiang Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Lin Yang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden Helmholtzstrasse 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden Helmholtzstrasse 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Weinberg 2 06120 Halle Germany
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29
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Zhang JJ, Yang L, Liu F, Fu Y, Liu J, Popov AA, Ma J, Feng X. A Modular Cascade Synthetic Strategy Toward Structurally Constrained Boron-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25695-25700. [PMID: 34623744 PMCID: PMC9298420 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthetic strategy was developed for the construction of difficult‐to‐access structurally constrained boron‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (sc‐B‐PAHs) via a cascade reaction from the readily available ortho‐aryl‐substituted diarylalkynes. This domino process involves borylative cyclization, 1,4‐boron migration and successive two‐fold electrophilic borylation. Two types of sc‐B‐PAHs bearing B‐doped [4]helicene (1 a‐1 i) or BN‐doped [4]helicene (1 n‐1 t) and double [4]helicene (1 u‐1 v) are constructed by this cascade reaction. Remarkably, this synthetic strategy is characterized by modest yields (20–50 %) and broad substrate scope (18 examples) with versatile functional group tolerance. The resultant sc‐B‐PAHs show good stability under ambient conditions and are thoroughly investigated by X‐ray crystallography, UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Interestingly enough, BN‐doped [4]helicene 1 o forms a unique alternating π‐stacked dimer of enantiomers within a helical columnar superstructure, while BN‐doped double [4]helicene 1 u establishes an unprecedented π‐stacked trimeric sandwich structure with a rare 2D lamellar π‐stacking. The synthetic approach reported herein represents a powerful tool for the rapid generation of novel sc‐B‐PAHs, which are highly attractive for the elucidation of the structure‐property relationship and for potential optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jiang Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lin Yang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
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30
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Guo Y, Zhang L, Li C, Jin M, Zhang Y, Ye J, Chen Y, Wu X, Liu X. BN/BO-Ullazines and Bis-BO-Ullazines: Effect of BO Doping on Aromaticity and Optoelectronic Properties. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12507-12516. [PMID: 34337940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have achieved substitutional doping of ullazine with either two BO units or with one BO unit and one BN unit. The synthesis of these B-doped ullazines is straightforward, using demethylation and borylative cyclization as the key steps. Ullazine cores of both BN/BO-ullazines (2) and bis-BO-ullazines (3) are very close to being planar. Their electronic and photophysical properties were investigated by ultraviolet-visible, fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjia Jin
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincheng Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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31
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Jin E, Yang Q, Ju CW, Chen Q, Landfester K, Bonn M, Müllen K, Liu X, Narita A. A Highly Luminescent Nitrogen-Doped Nanographene as an Acid- and Metal-Sensitive Fluorophore for Optical Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10403-10412. [PMID: 34224242 PMCID: PMC8283754 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Dibenzo[hi,st]ovalene (DBOV)
has excellent photophysical properties, including strong fluorescence
and high ambient stability. Moreover, the optical blinking properties
of DBOV have enabled optical super-resolution single-molecule localization
microscopy with an imaging resolution beyond the diffraction limit.
Various organic and inorganic fluorescent probes have been developed
for super-resolution imaging, but those sensitive to pH and/or metal
ions have remained elusive. Here, we report a diaza-derivative of
DBOV (N-DBOV), synthesized in eight steps with a total yield of 15%.
Nitrogen (N)-bearing zigzag edges were formed through oxidative cyclization
of amino groups in the last step. UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy
of N-DBOV revealed its promising optical properties comparable to
those of the parent DBOV, while cyclic voltammetry and density functional
theory calculations highlighted its lower orbital energy levels and
potential n-type semiconductor character. Notably,
in contrast to that of the parent DBOV, the strong luminescence of
N-DBOV is dependent on pH and the presence of heavy metal ions, indicating
the potential of N-DBOV in sensing applications. N-DBOV also exhibited
pH-responsive blinking, which enables pH-sensitive super-resolution
imaging. Therefore, N-DBOV appears to be a highly promising candidate
for fluorescence sensing in biology and environmental analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enquan Jin
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Qiqi Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Cheng-Wei Ju
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany.,College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | | | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany.,Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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32
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Yang CC, Zheng XL, Tian WQ, Li WQ, Yang L. Tuning the edge states in X-type carbon based molecules for applications in nonlinear optics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:7713-7722. [PMID: 34909807 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00383f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel carbon based "X-type" graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with azulenes were designed for applications in nonlinear optics in the present work, and the second order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of those X-type GNRs were predicted using the sum-over-states (SOS) model. The GNRs with edge states are feasibly polarized. The effects of zigzag edges on the NLO properties of GNRs are scrutinized by passivation, and the electronic structures of GNRs are modulated with heteroatoms at the zigzag edges for improved stability and NLO properties. Those nanomaterials were further functionalized with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups (NH2/NO2) to enhance the NLO responses, and the connection of those functional groups at the azulene ends play a determinant role in the enhancement of the NLO properties of those X-type nanoribbons, e.g., the static first hyperpolarizability (〈β0〉) changes from -783.23 × 10-30 esu to -1421.98 × 10-30 esu. The mechanism of such an enhancement has been investigated. Through two-dimensional second order NLO spectra simulations, particularly besides the strong electro-optical Pockels effect and optical rectification responses, strong electronic sum frequency generations and difference frequency generations are observed in those GNRs. The strong second order NLO responses of those GNRs in the visible light region bring about potential applications of these carbon nanomaterials in nonlinear nanophotonic devices and biological nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Huxi Campus, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Xue-Lian Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Huxi Campus, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Quan Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Huxi Campus, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Wei-Qi Li
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, Institute of Theoretical and Simulational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
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33
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Ouadoudi O, Kaehler T, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Wagner M. One tool to bring them all: Au-catalyzed synthesis of B,O- and B,N-doped PAHs from boronic and borinic acids. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5898-5909. [PMID: 34168815 PMCID: PMC8179653 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00543j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoelectronic replacement of C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
C bonds with −BN+ bonds in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a widely used tool to prepare novel optoelectronic materials. Far less well explored are corresponding B,O-doped PAHs, although they have a similarly high application potential. We herein report on the modular synthesis of B,N- and B,O-doped PAHs through the [Au(PPh3)NTf2]-catalyzed 6-endo-dig cyclization of BN–H and BO–H bonds across suitably positioned C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
C bonds in the key step. Readily available, easy-to-handle o-alkynylaryl boronic and borinic acids serve as starting materials, which are either cyclized directly or first converted into the corresponding aminoboranes and then cyclized. The reaction even tolerates bulky mesityl substituents on boron, which later kinetically protect the formed B,N/O-PAHs from hydrolysis or oxidation. Our approach is also applicable for the synthesis of rare doubly B,N/O-doped PAHs. Specifically, we prepared 1,2-B,E-naphthalenes and -anthracenes, 1,5-B2-2,6-E2-anthracenes (E = N, O) as well as B,O2-containing and unprecedented B,N,O-containing phenalenyls. Selected examples of these compounds have been structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography; their optoelectronic properties have been studied by cyclic voltammetry, electron spectroscopy, and quantum-chemical calculations. Using a new unsubstituted (B,O)2-perylene as the substrate for late-stage functionalization, we finally show that the introduction of two pinacolatoboryl (Bpin) substituents is possible in high yield and with perfect regioselectivity via an Ir-catalyzed C–H borylation approach. Singly and doubly B,E-doped PAHs were synthesized using a protocol that starts from easy-to-handle boronic and borinic acids and offers the possibility to choose between the preparation of B,O- and B,N-PAHs in the final reaction step.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ouadoudi
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Tanja Kaehler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
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34
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Oda S, Hatakeyama T. Development of One-Shot/One-Pot Borylation Reactions toward Organoboron-Based Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Oda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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35
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Crumbach M, Ayhan O, Fritze L, Sprenger JAP, Zapf L, Finze M, Helten H. BNB-doped phenalenyls - aromaticity switch upon one-electron reduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2408-2411. [PMID: 33544098 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07671f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fully aromatic, luminescent, and highly robust BNB-doped phenalenyls have been prepared, which are isoelectronic to the phenalenyl cation. B-Fluoromesityl-substitution leads to fluorescence in an extremely narrow range and significant increase in the reduction potential. Detailed theoretical investigations revealed an intramolecular aromaticity switch upon one-electron reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merian Crumbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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36
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Full J, Panchal SP, Götz J, Krause A, Nowak‐Król A. Modular Synthesis of Organoboron Helically Chiral Compounds: Cutouts from Extended Helices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4350-4357. [PMID: 33244880 PMCID: PMC7898935 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two types of helically chiral compounds bearing one and two boron atoms were synthesized by a modular approach. Formation of the helical scaffolds was executed by the introduction of boron to flexible biaryl and triaryl derived from small achiral building blocks. All-ortho-fused azabora[7]helicenes feature exceptional configurational stability, blue or green fluorescence with quantum yields (Φfl ) of 18-24 % in solution, green or yellow solid-state emission (Φfl up to 23 %), and strong chiroptical response with large dissymmetry factors of up to 1.12×10-2 . Azabora[9]helicenes consisting of angularly and linearly fused rings are blue emitters exhibiting Φfl of up to 47 % in CH2 Cl2 and 25 % in the solid state. As revealed by the DFT calculations, their P-M interconversion pathway is more complex than that of H1. Single-crystal X-ray analysis shows clear differences in the packing arrangement of methyl and phenyl derivatives. These molecules are proposed as primary structures of extended helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Full
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Santosh P. Panchal
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Julian Götz
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ana‐Maria Krause
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Agnieszka Nowak‐Król
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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37
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A quadruple helicene with a rubicene core: synthesis, structural analyses and properties. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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38
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Full J, Panchal SP, Götz J, Krause A, Nowak‐Król A. Modulare Synthese helikal‐chiraler Organobor‐Verbindungen: Ausschnitte verlängerter Helices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Full
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Santosh P. Panchal
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Julian Götz
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ana‐Maria Krause
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Agnieszka Nowak‐Król
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University,2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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40
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Chen XY, Li JK, Wang XY. Recent Advances in the Syntheses of Helicene-Based Molecular Nanocarbons via the Scholl Reaction. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202107063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Zhu G, Zhang G. Access to benzo-fused aza[7]helicene via unexpected indolization of alkyne-amine. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00885d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient base-mediated indolization of alkyne-amine for the synthesis of quinolone-fused indole was developed and further applied to synthesize di- and triaza[7]helicenes bearing two and three pentagons, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxing Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
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42
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Shanmugam S, Nachimuthu S, Subramaniam V. Computational study of metal ions adsorption on pristine and heteroatom doped peritetracene. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Zhang Z, Kumar S, Bagnich S, Spuling E, Hundemer F, Nieger M, Hassan Z, Köhler A, Zysman-Colman E, Bräse S. OBO-Fused Benzo[fg]tetracene as Acceptor With Potential for Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. Front Chem 2020; 8:563411. [PMID: 33195051 PMCID: PMC7555999 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.563411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Six luminophores bearing an OBO-fused benzo[fg]tetracene core as an electron acceptor were designed and synthesized. The molecular structures of three molecules (PXZ-OBO, 5PXZ-OBO, 5DMAC-OBO) were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies and revealed significant torsion between the donor moieties and the OBO acceptor with dihedral angles between 75.5 and 86.2°. Photophysical studies demonstrate that blue and deep blue emission can be realized with photoluminescence maxima (λPL) ranging from 415 to 480 nm in mCP films. The emission energy is modulated by simply varying the strength of the donor heterocycle, the number of donors, and their position relative to the acceptor. Although the DMAC derivatives show negligible delayed emission because of their large singlet-triplet excited state energy difference, ΔEST, PXZ-based molecules, especially PXZ-OBO with an experimental ΔEST of 0.25 eV, demonstrate delayed emission in blend mCP films at room temperature, which suggests triplet exciton harvesting occurs in these samples, potentially by thermally activated delayed fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey Bagnich
- Soft Matter Optoelectronics, Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research (BIMF) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Eduard Spuling
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Hundemer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zahid Hassan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Köhler
- Soft Matter Optoelectronics, Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research (BIMF) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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44
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Ikeda N, Oda S, Matsumoto R, Yoshioka M, Fukushima D, Yoshiura K, Yasuda N, Hatakeyama T. Solution-Processable Pure Green Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter Based on the Multiple Resonance Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004072. [PMID: 32864797 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials based on the multiple resonance (MR) effect are applied in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), combining high color purity and efficiency. However, they are not fabricated via solution-processing, which is an economical approach toward the mass production of OLED displays. Here, a solution-processable MR-TADF material (OAB-ABP-1), with an extended π-skeleton and bulky substituents, is designed. OAB-ABP-1 is synthesized from commercially available starting materials via a four-step process involving one-shot double borylation. OAB-ABP-1 presents attractive photophysical properties, a narrow emission band, a high photoluminescence quantum yield, a small energy gap between S1 and T1 , and low activation energy for reverse intersystem crossing. These properties are attributed to the alternating localization of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals induced by the boron, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms. Furthermore, to facilitate charge recombination, two novel semiconducting polymers with similar ionization potentials to that of OAB-ABP-1 are synthesized for use as interlayer and emissive layer materials. A solution-processed OLED device is fabricated using OAB-ABP-1 and the aforementioned polymers; it exhibits pure green electroluminescence with a small full-width at half-maximum and a high external quantum efficiency with minimum efficiency roll-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Susumu Oda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Ryuji Matsumoto
- Advanced Material Development Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 6 Kitahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-3294, Japan
| | - Mayu Yoshioka
- Advanced Material Development Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 6 Kitahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-3294, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fukushima
- Advanced Material Development Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 6 Kitahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-3294, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshiura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
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45
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Synthesis, characterization, and tunable semiconducting properties of aza-BODIPY derived polycyclic aromatic dyes. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Zhou Z, Fu L, Hu Y, Wang X, Wei Z, Narita A, Müllen K, Petrukhina MA. Compressing Double [7]Helicene by Successive Charging with Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15923-15927. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Lin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yunbin Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University 932 Lushan S Rd Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Akimutsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
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47
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Zhou Z, Fu L, Hu Y, Wang X, Wei Z, Narita A, Müllen K, Petrukhina MA. Compressing Double [7]Helicene by Successive Charging with Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Lin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yunbin Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University 932 Lushan S Rd Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Akimutsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
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49
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Scholz AS, Massoth JG, Bursch M, Mewes JM, Hetzke T, Wolf B, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Grimme S, Wagner M. BNB-Doped Phenalenyls: Modular Synthesis, Optoelectronic Properties, and One-Electron Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11072-11083. [PMID: 32464052 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A highly modular synthesis of BNB- and BOB-doped phenalenyls is presented. Treatment of the 1,8-naphthalenediyl-bridged boronic acid anhydride 1 with LiAlH4/Me3SiCl afforded the corresponding 1,8-naphthalenediyl-supported diborane(6) 2, which served as the starting material for all subsequent transformations. Upon addition of MesMgBr/Me3SiCl, 2 was readily converted to the tetraorganyl diborane(6) 5. The further heteroatoms were finally introduced through the reaction of 2 with (Me3Si)2NR' or 5 with H2NR' or H2O (R' = H, Me, p-Tol). A helically twisted, fully BNB-embedded PAH 11 was prepared by combining 2 with a dibrominated m-terphenylamine, followed by a Grignard-mediated double ring-closure reaction. All compounds devoid of B-H bonds show favorable optoelectronic properties, such as luminescence and reversible reduction behavior. In the case of the BNB-phenalenyl 7 (BMes, NMe), the radical-anion salt K[7•] was generated through chemical reduction with K metal and characterized by EPR spectroscopy. K[7•] is not long-term stable in a THF/c-hexane solution, but abstracts an H atom with formation of the diamagnetic BNB-doped 1H-phenalene K[7H].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Scholz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julian G Massoth
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Bursch
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan-M Mewes
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thilo Hetzke
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolf
- Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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50
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Iqbal SA, Pahl J, Yuan K, Ingleson MJ. Intramolecular (directed) electrophilic C-H borylation. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4564-4591. [PMID: 32495755 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00763f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The intramolecular C-H borylation of (hetero)arenes and alkenes using electrophilic boranes is a powerful transition metal free methodology for forming C-B bonds. These C-H borylation reactions are preceded by intermolecular bond (both dative and covalent) formation, with examples proceeding via initial C-B and N-B bond formation dominating this field thus both are discussed in depth herein. Less prevalent intramolecular electrophilic C-H borylation reactions that proceed by intermolecular O-B, S-B and P-B bond formation are also summarised. Mechanistic studies are presented that reveal two mechanisms for C-H borylation, (i) electrophilic aromatic substitution (prevalent with B-X electrophiles); (ii) σ-bond metathesis mediated (prevalent with B-H and B-R electrophiles). To date, intramolecular electrophilic C-H borylation is utilised mainly for accessing boron containing conjugated organic materials, however recent developments, summarized herein alongside early studies, have highlighted the applicability of this methodology for forming synthetically versatile organo-boronate esters and boron containing bioactives. The multitude of synthetic procedures reported for intramolecular electrophilic C-H borylation contain many common features and this enables key requirements for successful C-H borylation and the factors effecting regioselectivity and substrate scope to be identified, discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Iqbal
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - J Pahl
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - K Yuan
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - M J Ingleson
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
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