1
|
Zhang J, Yang Y, Li K, Li J. Application of graphene oxide in tumor targeting and tumor therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2551-2576. [PMID: 37768314 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2265171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), as a kind of two-dimensional sp2 carbon nanomaterials, has attracted great attention in many fields in the past decade. Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, GO is showing great promise in the field of biomedicine. For GO, all the atoms on its surface are exposed to the surface with ultra-high specific surface area, and a variety of groups on the surface, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl and epoxy groups, can effectively bind/load various biomolecules. Due to the availability of these groups, GO also possesses excellent hydrophilicity and biocompatibility for the modification of the desired biocompatible molecules or polymers on the surface of GO. The nano-network structure and hydrophobicity of GO enable it to load a large number of hydrophobic drugs containing benzene rings and it has been widely used as a multi-functional nano-carrier for chemotherapeutic drug or gene delivery. This review article will give an in-depth overview of the synthesis methods of GO, the advantages and disadvantages of GO used in nano-drug delivery system, the research progress of GO as a stimulus-responsive nano-drug carrier, and the application of these intelligent systems in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yibo Yang
- College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chougan M, Lamastra FR, Bolli E, Caschera D, Kaciulis S, Mazzuca C, Montesperelli G, Ghaffar SH, Al-Kheetan MJ, Bianco A. Extra-Low Dosage Graphene Oxide Cementitious Nanocomposites: A Nano- to Macroscale Approach. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123278. [PMID: 34947625 PMCID: PMC8706347 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The impact of extra-low dosage (0.01% by weight of cement) Graphene Oxide (GO) on the properties of fresh and hardened nanocomposites was assessed. The use of a minimum amount of 2-D nanofiller would minimize costs and sustainability issues, therefore encouraging the market uptake of nanoengineered cement-based materials. GO was characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. GO consisted of stacked sheets up to 600 nm × 800 nm wide and 2 nm thick, oxygen content 31 at%. The impact of GO on the fresh admixtures was evaluated by rheology, flowability, and workability measurements. GO-modified samples were characterized by density measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, and compression and bending tests. Permeability was investigated using the boiling-water saturation technique, salt ponding test, and Initial Surface Absorption Test (ISAT). At 28 days, GO-nanocomposite exhibited increased density (+14%), improved compressive and flexural strength (+29% and +13%, respectively), and decreased permeability compared to the control sample. The strengthening effect dominated over the adverse effects associated with the worsening of the fresh properties; reduced permeability was mainly attributed to the refining of the pore network induced by the presence of GO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Chougan
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Impresa “Mario Lucertini”, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata” and Consorzio INSTM Unità di Ricerca “Roma Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico, 00133 Roma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.M.); (A.B.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middlesex, UK;
| | - Francesca Romana Lamastra
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Impresa “Mario Lucertini”, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata” and Consorzio INSTM Unità di Ricerca “Roma Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico, 00133 Roma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.M.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-7259-4495; Fax: +39-06-7259-4328
| | - Eleonora Bolli
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISMN-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015 Roma, Italy; (E.B.); (D.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Daniela Caschera
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISMN-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015 Roma, Italy; (E.B.); (D.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Saulius Kaciulis
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISMN-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015 Roma, Italy; (E.B.); (D.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Claudia Mazzuca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy;
| | - Giampiero Montesperelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Impresa “Mario Lucertini”, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata” and Consorzio INSTM Unità di Ricerca “Roma Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico, 00133 Roma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Seyed Hamidreza Ghaffar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middlesex, UK;
| | - Mazen J. Al-Kheetan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Mutah University, Mutah, P.O. Box 7, Karak 61710, Jordan;
| | - Alessandra Bianco
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Impresa “Mario Lucertini”, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata” and Consorzio INSTM Unità di Ricerca “Roma Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico, 00133 Roma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.M.); (A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee BH, Valimukhametova A, Ryan C, Paz T, Grote F, Naumov AV. Electric field quenching of graphene oxide photoluminescence. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:465203. [PMID: 32756025 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abac7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of graphene, there has been an interest in utilizing this material and its derivative, graphene oxide (GO) for novel applications in nanodevices such as bio and gas sensors, solid-state supercapacitors and solar cells. Although GO exhibits lower conductivity and structural stability, it possesses an energy band gap that enables fluorescence emission in the visible/near infrared leading to a plethora of optoelectronic applications. In order to allow fine-tuning of its optical properties in the device geometry, new physical techniques are required that, unlike existing chemical approaches, yield substantial alteration of GO structure. Such a desired new technique is one that is electronically controlled and leads to reversible changes in GO optoelectronic properties. In this work, we for the first time investigate the methods to controllably alter the optical response of GO with the electric field and provide theoretical modeling of the electric field-induced changes. Field-dependent GO emission is studied in bulk GO/polyvinylpyrrolidone films with up to 6% reversible decrease under 1.6 V µm-1 electric fields. On an individual flake level, a more substantial over 50% quenching is achieved for select GO flakes in a polymeric matrix between interdigitated microelectrodes subject to two orders of magnitude higher fields. This effect is modeled on a single exciton level by utilizing Wentzel, Kremer, and Brillouin approximation for electron escape from the exciton potential well. In an aqueous suspension at low fields, GO flakes exhibit electrophoretic migration, indicating a degree of charge separation and a possibility of manipulating GO materials on a single-flake level to assemble electric field-controlled microelectronics. As a result of this work, we suggest the potential of varying the optical and electronic properties of GO via the electric field for the advancement and control over its optoelectronic device applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bong Han Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang C, Wang Z, Li J, Sun Z, Zhang Y, Li L, Moon KS, Wong C. RGO-templated lignin-derived porous carbon materials for renewable high-performance supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
5
|
Nishina Y, Eigler S. Chemical and electrochemical synthesis of graphene oxide - a generalized view. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12731-12740. [PMID: 32524106 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02164d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a water soluble carbon material in general, suitable for applications in electronics, the environment, and biomedicine. GO is produced by oxidation of abundantly available graphite, turning black graphite into water-dispersible single layers of functionalized graphene-related materials. Therefore, oxidation gives chemicals access to the complete surface area of GO. These fundamentals have led to a rich chemistry of GO. Here, we review the progress made in controlling the synthesis of GO, introduce the current structural models used to explain the phenomena and present versatile strategies to functionalize the surface of GO. Finally, an outlook is given for future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nishina
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan. and Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nishihara H, Matsuura K, Ohwada M, Yamamoto M, Matsuo Y, Maruyama J, Hayasaka Y, Yamaguchi S, Kamiya K, Konaka H, Inoue M, Tani F. Synthesis of Ordered Carbonaceous Framework with Microporosity from Porphyrin with Ethynyl Groups. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotomo Nishihara
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kenta Matsuura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mao Ohwada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamamoto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Matsuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Jun Maruyama
- Research Division of Environmental Technology, Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hayasaka
- The Electron Microscopy Centre, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shingi Yamaguchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Kamiya
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hisashi Konaka
- Application & Software Development Department, X-ray Instrument Division, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Masataka Inoue
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Fumito Tani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zheng P, Zhang X, Duan Y, Yan M, Chapman R, Jiang Y, Li H. Oxidation of graphene with variable defects: alternately symmetrical escape and self-restructuring of carbon rings. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:10140-10148. [PMID: 32352100 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10613h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Variable defects such as vacancies and grain boundaries are unavoidable in the synthesis of graphene, but play a central role in the activation of oxidation. Here, we apply reactive molecular dynamics simulations to reveal the underpinning mechanisms of oxidation in graphene with or without defects at the atomic scale. There exist four oxidation modes generating CO2 or CO in different stages, beginning from a single-atom vacancy, and proceeding until the ordered structure broken down into carbon oxide chains. The oxidation process of the graphene sheets experiences four typical stages, in which alternately symmetrical escape phenomenon is observed. Importantly, disordered rings can self-restructure during the oxidation of grain boundaries. Of all defects, the oxidation of vacancy has the lowest energy barrier and is therefore the easiest point of nucleation. This study demonstrates the crucial role of defects in determining the oxidation kinetics, and provides theoretical guidance for the oxidation prevention of graphene and the production of functionalized graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiru Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prasad C, Liu Q, Tang H, Yuvaraja G, Long J, Rammohan A, Zyryanov GV. An overview of graphene oxide supported semiconductors based photocatalysts: Properties, synthesis and photocatalytic applications. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
9
|
Wang Z, Yao Q, Hu Y, Li C, Hußmann M, Weintrub B, Kirchhof JN, Bolotin K, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Eigler S. Influence of SiO 2 or h-BN substrate on the room-temperature electronic transport in chemically derived single layer graphene. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38011-38016. [PMID: 35541787 PMCID: PMC9075750 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09197a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The substrate effect on the electronic transport of graphene with a density of defects of about 0.5% (0.5%G) is studied. Devices composed of monolayer 0.5%G, partially deposited on SiO2 and h-BN were used for transport measurements. We find that the 0.5%G on h-BN exhibits ambipolar transfer behaviours under ambient conditions, in comparison to unipolar p-type characters on SiO2 for the same flake. While intrinsic defects in graphene cause scattering, the use of h-BN as a substrate reduces p-doping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Wang
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Qirong Yao
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Yalei Hu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Chuan Li
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Hußmann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ben Weintrub
- Institute of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jan N Kirchhof
- Institute of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Kirill Bolotin
- Institute of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Structural Characterization of Graphene Oxide: Surface Functional Groups and Fractionated Oxidative Debris. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9081180. [PMID: 31426617 PMCID: PMC6724119 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is the structural analysis of graphene oxide (GO) and by means of a new structural model to answer the questions arising from the Lerf–Klinowski and the Lee structural models. Surface functional groups of GO layers and the oxidative debris (OD) stacked on them were investigated after OD was extracted. Analysis was performed successfully using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SSNMR), standardized Boehm potentiometric titration analysis, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The analysis showed that graphene oxide layers, as well as oxidative debris contain different functional groups such as phenolic –OH, ketone, lactone, carboxyl, quinone and epoxy. Based on these results, a new structural model for GO layers is proposed, which covers all spectroscopic data and explains the presence of the other oxygen functionalities besides carboxyl, phenolic –OH and epoxy groups.
Collapse
|
11
|
Aryal N, Wan L, Overgaard MH, Stoot AC, Chen Y, Tremblay PL, Zhang T. Increased carbon dioxide reduction to acetate in a microbial electrosynthesis reactor with a reduced graphene oxide-coated copper foam composite cathode. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 128:83-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
12
|
Mei Q, Liu B, Han G, Liu R, Han M, Zhang Z. Graphene Oxide: From Tunable Structures to Diverse Luminescence Behaviors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900855. [PMID: 31380218 PMCID: PMC6662067 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the first discovery of luminescent graphene oxide (GO), exponentially increasing investigations on the tunable structures and surfaces for modulating its optical properties have struggled to expand applications in imaging, sensing, biomedical diagnostics, and so on. Here, the latest works on reconstructing or modifying the structures and surfaces of GO to achieve diverse luminescence are systematically reviewed, including fluorescence, electroluminescence, and chemiluminescence. Moreover, the fundamental difficulties of the investigations and applications of luminescent GO nanomaterials are clarified to inspire more constructive thoughts for expanding their application boundaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Mei
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiAnhui230009China
| | - Bianhua Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceInstitute of Intelligent MachinesHefeiAnhui230031China
| | - Guangmei Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceInstitute of Intelligent MachinesHefeiAnhui230031China
| | - Renyong Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceInstitute of Intelligent MachinesHefeiAnhui230031China
| | - Ming‐Yong Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceInstitute of Intelligent MachinesHefeiAnhui230031China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceInstitute of Intelligent MachinesHefeiAnhui230031China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gies V, Lopinski G, Augustine J, Cheung T, Kodra O, Zou S. The impact of processing on the cytotoxicity of graphene oxide. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:817-826. [PMID: 36132263 PMCID: PMC9473239 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In-house prepared graphene oxide (GO) was processed via base washing, sonication, cleaning and combinations of these processing techniques to evaluate the impact on the flake morphology, composition and cytotoxicity of the material. The flakes of unprocessed GO were relatively planar, but upon base washing, the flakes became textured exhibiting many folds and creases observed by AFM. In addition to the pronounced effect on the topography, base washing increased the C/O ratio and increased the cytotoxicity of GO on all four cell lines studied determined via the WST-8 assay. Sonicating the unprocessed and base washed samples resulted in smaller flakes with a similar topography; the base washed flakes lost the texture previously observed upon sonication. The sonicated samples were more toxic than the unprocessed sample, attributed to the smaller flake size, but were interestingly less toxic than the base washed, unsonicated sample despite the base washed unsonicated sample having a larger flake size. This unexpected finding was confirmed by a second analyst using the same, and a different source of GO and resulted in the conclusion that the morphology of GO greatly impacts the cytotoxicity. Cleaning the GO reduced the amount of nitrogen and sulfur impurities in the sample but had no significant impact on the cytotoxicity of the material. It was observed that nutrient depletion via nanomaterial adsorption was not the route of cytotoxicity for the GO samples studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Gies
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada 100 Sussex Drive Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Gregory Lopinski
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada 100 Sussex Drive Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Jerry Augustine
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada 100 Sussex Drive Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Timothy Cheung
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada 100 Sussex Drive Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Oltion Kodra
- Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, National Research Council Canada M-12 Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Shan Zou
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada 100 Sussex Drive Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Han L, Sun Y, Li S, Cheng C, Halbig CE, Feicht P, Hübner JL, Strasser P, Eigler S. In-Plane Carbon Lattice-Defect Regulating Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide Production over Nitrogen-Doped Graphene. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3 14105 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chong Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3 14105 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian E. Halbig
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3 14105 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Feicht
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3 14105 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Liane Hübner
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Strasser
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3 14105 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen J, Chen W, Song D, Lai B, Sheng Y, Yan L. The solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of mildly oxidized graphene oxide and its application as a novel conductive surfactant. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00529c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A solvent-free mechanochemical synthetic mildly oxidized graphene oxide (MOGO) can act as an electrically conductive surfactant for dispersing nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Chen
- Ashine Advanced Carbon Material (Changzhou) Co., Ltd
- Changzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wufeng Chen
- Ashine Advanced Carbon Material (Changzhou) Co., Ltd
- Changzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Dongcheng Song
- Ashine Advanced Carbon Material (Changzhou) Co., Ltd
- Changzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Lai
- Ashine Advanced Carbon Material (Changzhou) Co., Ltd
- Changzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Sheng
- Ashine Advanced Carbon Material (Changzhou) Co., Ltd
- Changzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Macedo LJA, Iost RM, Hassan A, Balasubramanian K, Crespilho FN. Bioelectronics and Interfaces Using Monolayer Graphene. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucyano J. A. Macedo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry; University of São Paulo; São Carlos SP 13560-970 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M. Iost
- Department of Chemistry School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof (SALSA) and IRIS Adlershof; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin 10099 Germany
| | - Ayaz Hassan
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry; University of São Paulo; São Carlos SP 13560-970 Brazil
| | - Kannan Balasubramanian
- Department of Chemistry School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof (SALSA) and IRIS Adlershof; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin 10099 Germany
| | - Frank N. Crespilho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry; University of São Paulo; São Carlos SP 13560-970 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cheng SJ, Chiu HY, Kumar PV, Hsieh KY, Yang JW, Lin YR, Shen YC, Chen GY. Simultaneous drug delivery and cellular imaging using graphene oxide. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:813-819. [PMID: 29417098 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm01192j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), a derivative of graphene, and its related nanomaterials have attracted much attention in recent years due to the excellent biocompatibility and large surface area of GO with abundant oxygen functional groups, which further enable it to serve as a nano-bio interface. Herein, we demonstrate the induction of blue fluorescence in GO suspensions via a mild thermal annealing procedure. Additionally, this procedure preserves the oxygen functional groups on the graphene plane which enables the conjugation of cancer drugs without obvious cytotoxicity. Consequently, we demonstrate the capability of GO to simultaneously play the dual-role of a: (i) cellular imaging agent and (ii) drug delivery agent in CT26 cancer cells without the need for additional fluorescent protein labeling. Our method offers a simple, controllable strategy to tune and enhance the fluorescence property of GO, which shows potential for biomedical applications and fundamental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jen Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou Q, Xue H, Zhang Y, Lv Y, Li H, Liu S, Shen Y, Zhang Y. Metal-Free All-Carbon Nanohybrid for Ultrasensitive Photoelectrochemical Immunosensing of alpha-Fetoprotein. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1385-1391. [PMID: 29972020 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
C60 can accept up to six electrons reversibly and show exceptional light absorption over the entire UV-vis spectrum, making it a potential photoactive probe for photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioassay. However, few successful works have been reported to apply fullerenes in PEC biosensing, partially because of the low electronic conductivity and poor interfacial interactions with targeted biomolecules. Herein, we report the addressing of these two obstacles by coupling high conductive graphite flake (Gr), graphene oxide (GO) with sufficient oxygen-containing functional groups, and an alkylated C60 (AC60) into a metal-free all-carbon nanohybrid (AC60-Gr-GO) via harnessing delicate noncovalent interactions among them through a facile mechanical grinding. It was revealed that the as-obtained AC60-Gr-GO nanohybrid not only showed conspicuous enhancement of photocurrent up to 35 times but also offered rich anchors for bioconjugation. With detection of alpha-fetoprotein as an example, the AC60-Gr-GO based PEC immunosensor demonstrated a broad linear detection range (1 pg·mL-1 to 100 ng·mL-1) and a detection limit as low as 0.54 pg·mL-1, superior/competitive to PEC immunosensors for AFP in previous reports. By a proper reinforcement in conductivity and biointerface engineering, this work may provide a new way to use fullerenes as photoactive materials in more general PEC biosensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Huaijia Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yuye Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yanqin Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Hongguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication & Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang JW, Yang ZF, Chen P, Tian YM, Sun WB. A Dy2
Dimer Embedded in One Salen-type Ligand with Different Local Symmetries Behaves as Zero-field Single-Molecule Magnet. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Material Science; Heilongjiang University; 74 Xuefu Road 150080 Harbin P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Material Science; Heilongjiang University; 74 Xuefu Road 150080 Harbin P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Material Science; Heilongjiang University; 74 Xuefu Road 150080 Harbin P. R. China
| | - Yong-Mei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Material Science; Heilongjiang University; 74 Xuefu Road 150080 Harbin P. R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Material Science; Heilongjiang University; 74 Xuefu Road 150080 Harbin P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ghanbari N, Ghafuri H, Zand HRE. Graphene Oxide‐Supported Hypervalent Organoiodine (III): Recyclable Reagent for Selective and Metal‐Free Oxidation of Alcohols. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201703145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Ghanbari
- Organic chemistryDepartment of Chemistry of Iran University of Science and TechnologyIran university of science and technologyCatalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory Tehran Iran. 16846-13114
| | - Hossein Ghafuri
- Organic chemistryDepartment of Chemistry of Iran University of Science and TechnologyIran university of science and technologyCatalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory Tehran Iran. 16846-13114
| | - Hamid Reza Esmaili Zand
- Organic chemistryDepartment of Chemistry of Iran University of Science and TechnologyIran university of science and technologyCatalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory Tehran Iran. 16846-13114
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang C, Wu J, Jiang W, Liu R, Li Z, Luan Y. Amphiphilic prodrug-decorated graphene oxide as a multi-functional drug delivery system for efficient cancer therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 89:15-24. [PMID: 29752084 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has shown great potential in drug delivery. However, the aqueous stability, non-specific drug release and slow release rate are major problems of the GO-based drug delivery system. Herein, we for the first time integrate the dispersant, stabilizing agent and active targeting carrier into a novel drug delivery system based on GO/PP-SS-DOX nanohybrids. The redox-sensitive PP-SS-DOX prodrug was obtained by conjugating mPEG-PLGA (PP) with doxorubicin (DOX) via disulfide bond. PEG-FA provided active targeting property for the constructed drug delivery system, GO/PP-SS-DOX/PEG-FA. In this demonstrated system, PP-SS-DOX markedly increases the stability in physiological solutions of GO and guarantees the DOX release in the reductive environment (cancerous cells). And PEG-FA helps target to cancerous tissues and induces FR-mediated endocytosis. In vitro drug release exhibited the obvious reductive sensitivity and the cumulative release amount was up to 90%, while 40% in previous reports within 72 h. The in vitro cytotoxicity of targeting nanohybrids was significantly cytotoxic than that of non-targeting nanohybrids. In vivo results displayed that the as-prepared targeting nanohybrids showed efficacious antitumor effect while it had nearly no systemic adverse toxicity on B16 tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, the in vitro and in vivo results indicate that our constructed GO/PP-SS-DOX/PEG-FA drug delivery system is a promising carrier in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China
| | - Jilian Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China
| | - Ruiling Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- Key Lab of Colloid & Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 250100, PR China
| | - Yuxia Luan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cheng C, Zhang J, Li S, Xia Y, Nie C, Shi Z, Cuellar-Camacho JL, Ma N, Haag R. A Water-Processable and Bioactive Multivalent Graphene Nanoink for Highly Flexible Bioelectronic Films and Nanofibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30. [PMID: 29226490 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The capabilities of conductive nanomaterials to be produced in liquid form with well-defined chemical, physical, and biological properties are highly important for the construction of next-generation flexible bioelectronic devices. Although functional graphene nanomaterials can serve as attractive liquid nanoink platforms for the fabrication of bioelectronics, scalable synthesis of graphene nanoink with an integration of high colloidal stability, water processability, electrochemical activity, and especially bioactivity remains a major challenge. Here, a facile and scalable synthesis of supramolecular-functionalized multivalent graphene nanoink (mGN-ink) via [2+1] nitrene cycloaddition is reported. The mGN-ink unambiguously displays a well-defined and flat 2D morphology and shows good water processability and bioactivity. The uniquely chemical, physical, and biological properties of mGN-ink endow the constructed bioelectronic films and nanofibers with high flexibility and durability, suitable conductivity and electrochemical activity, and most importantly, good cellular compatibility and a highly efficient control of stem-cell spreading and orientation. Overall, for the first time, a water-processable and bioactive mGN-ink is developed for the design of flexible and electrochemically active bioelectronic composites and devices, which not only presents manifold possibilities for electronic-cellular applications but also establishes a new pathway for adapting macroscopic usages of graphene nanomaterials in bionic, biomedical, electronic, and even energy fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jianguang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chuanxiong Nie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqiang Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jose Luis Cuellar-Camacho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hong YL, Lee J, Ku BC, Kang K, Lee S, Ryu S, Kim YK. The influence of oxidative debris on the fragmentation and laser desorption/ionization process of graphene oxide derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of oxidative debris on laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) analysis by using graphene oxide as a matrix was investigated to reveal its role in LDI process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lim Hong
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Korea
| | - Jieon Lee
- Predictive Toxicology Department
- Korea Institute of Toxicology
- Daejeon
- Korea
| | - Bon-Cheol Ku
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin
- South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- Department of Nanochemistry
- Gachon University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwoo Ryu
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering
- University of Suwon
- Korea
| | - Young-Kwan Kim
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Optical Band Gap Alteration of Graphene Oxide via Ozone Treatment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6411. [PMID: 28743864 PMCID: PMC5527010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a graphene derivative that emits fluorescence, which makes GO an attractive material for optoelectronics and biotechnology. In this work, we utilize ozone treatment to controllably tune the band gap of GO, which can significantly enhance its applications. Ozone treatment in aqueous GO suspensions yields the addition/rearrangement of oxygen-containing functional groups suggested by the increase in vibrational transitions of C-O and C=O moieties. Concomitantly it leads to an initial increase in GO fluorescence intensity and significant (100 nm) blue shifts in emission maxima. Based on the model of GO fluorescence originating from sp2 graphitic islands confined by oxygenated addends, we propose that ozone-induced functionalization decreases the size of graphitic islands affecting the GO band gap and emission energies. TEM analyses of GO flakes confirm the size decrease of ordered sp2 domains with ozone treatment, whereas semi-empirical PM3 calculations on model addend-confined graphitic clusters predict the inverse dependence of the band gap energies on sp2 cluster size. This model explains ozone-induced increase in emission energies yielding fluorescence blue shifts and helps develop an understanding of the origins of GO fluorescence emission. Furthermore, ozone treatment provides a versatile approach to controllably alter GO band gap for optoelectronics and bio-sensing applications.
Collapse
|
25
|
Clemente Z, Castro VLSS, Franqui LS, Silva CA, Martinez DST. Nanotoxicity of graphene oxide: Assessing the influence of oxidation debris in the presence of humic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:118-128. [PMID: 28363143 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the toxicological effects of graphene oxide (GO) through tests with Danio rerio (zebrafish) embryos, considering the influence of the base washing treatment and the interaction with natural organic matter (i.e., humic acid, HA). A commercial sample of GO was refluxed with NaOH to remove oxidation debris (OD) byproducts, which resulted in a base washed GO sample (bw-GO). This process decreased the total oxygenated groups in bw-GO and its stability in water compared to GO. When tested in the presence of HA, both GO and bw-GO stabilities were enhanced in water. Although the embryo exposure showed no acute toxicity or malformation, the larvae exposed to GO showed a reduction in their overall length and acetylcholinesterase activity. In the presence of HA, GO also inhibited acid phosphatase activity. Our findings indicate a mitigation of material toxicity after OD removal. The difference in the biological effects may be related to the materials' bioavailability and biophysicochemical interactions. This study reports for the first time the critical influence of OD on the GO material biological reactivity and HA interaction, providing new data for nanomaterial environmental risk assessment and sustainable nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Clemente
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Environment), Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil; Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vera Lúcia S S Castro
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Environment), Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | - Lidiane S Franqui
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane A Silva
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani T Martinez
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vecera P, Eigler S, Koleśnik-Gray M, Krstić V, Vierck A, Maultzsch J, Schäfer RA, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Degree of functionalisation dependence of individual Raman intensities in covalent graphene derivatives. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45165. [PMID: 28345640 PMCID: PMC5366877 DOI: 10.1038/srep45165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent functionalisation of graphene is a continuously progressing field of research. The optical properties of such derivatives attract particular attention. In virtually all optical responses, however, an enhancement in peak intensity with increase of sp3 carbon content, and a vanishing of the peak position shift in monolayer compared to few-layer systems, is observed. The understanding of these seemingly connected phenomena is lacking. Here we demonstrate, using Raman spectroscopy and in situ electrostatic doping techniques, that the intensity is directly modulated by an additional contribution from photoluminescent π-conjugated domains surrounded by sp3 carbon regions in graphene monolayers. The findings are further underpinned by a model which correlates the individual Raman mode intensities to the degree of functionalisation. We also show that the position shift in the spectra of solvent-based and powdered functionalised graphene derivatives originates predominantly from the presence of edge-to-edge and edge-to-basal plane interactions and is by large functionalisation independent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Vecera
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Koleśnik-Gray
- Chair for Applied Physics, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vojislav Krstić
- Chair for Applied Physics, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Asmus Vierck
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Building EW 5-4, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina Maultzsch
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Building EW 5-4, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ricarda A Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chaban VV, Prezhdo OV. Microwave reduction of graphene oxide rationalized by reactive molecular dynamics. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:4024-4033. [PMID: 28272607 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining graphene (GRA) in industrial quantities is among the most urgent goals in today's nanotechnology. Elegant methods involve the oxidation of graphite with its subsequent solvent-assisted exfoliation. The reduction of graphene oxide (GO) is challenging leading to a highly-disordered oxygen-rich material. A particularly successful microwave-induced reduction of GO was reported recently (Science, 2016, 353, 1413-1416). We mimic the experiment by reactive molecular dynamics and establish the molecular mechanisms of reduction and their time scales as functions of temperature. We show that the rapid removal of oxygen groups achieved by microwave heating leaves GRA sheets intact. The epoxy groups are most stable within GO. They can rearrange into the carbonyl groups upon quick heating. It is important to avoid creating holes upon graphite oxidation. They cannot be healed easily and undermine GRA thermal stability and electronic properties. The edge oxygen groups cannot be removed by irradiation, but their effect is marginal on the properties of μm GRA sheets. We demonstrate that different oxygen groups are removed from GO at drastically different temperatures. Therefore, it is possible to obtain separate fractions, e.g. carbonyl-, hydroxyl- and carboxyl-free partially reduced GO. Our results guide the improvement of the GO reduction methods and can be tested directly by experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly V Chaban
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 12247-014, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Eng AYS, Sofer Z, Sedmidubský D, Pumera M. Synthesis of Carboxylated-Graphenes by the Kolbe-Schmitt Process. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1789-1797. [PMID: 28094511 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide is an oxidized form of graphene containing a large variety of oxygen groups. Although past models have suggested carboxylic acids to be present in significant amounts, recent evidence has shown otherwise. Toward the production of carboxyl-graphene, a synthetic method is presented herein based on the Kolbe-Schmitt process. A modified procedure of heating graphite oxide in the presence of a KOH/CaO mixture results in up to 11 atom % of carboxylic groups. The graphite oxide starting material and reaction temperature were investigated as two important factors, where a crumpled morphology of graphite oxide flakes and a lower 220 °C temperature preferentially led to greater carboxyl functionalization. Successful carboxylation caused a band gap opening of ∼2.5 eV in the smallest carboxyl-graphene particles, which also demonstrated a yellow fluorescence under UV light unseen in its counterpart produced at 500 °C. These results are in good agreement with theoretical calculations showing band gap opening and spin polarization of impurity states. This demonstrates the current synthetic process as yet another approach toward tuning the physical properties of graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Yong Sheng Eng
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmidubský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hasan MT, Senger BJ, Mulford P, Ryan C, Doan H, Gryczynski Z, Naumov AV. Modifying optical properties of reduced/graphene oxide with controlled ozone and thermal treatment in aqueous suspensions. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:065705. [PMID: 28050974 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa5232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene possesses a number of advantageous properties, however, does not exhibit optical emission, which limits its use in optoelectronics. Unlike graphene, its functional derivative, graphene oxide (GO) exhibits fluorescence emission throughout the visible. Here, we focus on controlled methods for tuning the optical properties of GO. We introduce ozone treatment of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) in order to controllably transform it from non-emissive graphene-like material into GO with a specific fluorescence emission response. Solution-based treatment of RGO for 5-45 min with ∼1.2 g l-1 ozone/oxygen gas mixture yields a drastic color change, bleaching of the absorption in the visible and the stepwise increase in fluorescence intensity and lifetime. This is attributed to the introduction of oxygen-containing functional groups to RGO graphitic platform as detected by the infrared spectroscopy. A reverse process: controllable quenching of this fluorescence is achieved by the thermal treatment of GO in aqueous suspension up to 90 °C. This methodology allows for the wide range alteration of GO optical properties starting from the dark-colored non-emissive RGO material up to nearly transparent highly ozone-oxidized GO showing substantial fluorescence emission. The size of the GO flakes is concomitantly altered by oxidation-induced scission. Semi-empirical PM3 theoretical calculations on HyperChem models are utilized to explore the origins of optical response from GO. Two models are considered, attributing the induced emission either to the localized states produced by oxygen-containing addends or the islands of graphitic carbon enclosed by such addends. Band gap values calculated from the models are in the agreement with experimentally observed transition peak maxima. The controllable variation of GO optical properties in aqueous suspension by ozone and thermal treatments shown in this work provides a route to tune its optical response for particular optoelectronics or biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Tanvir Hasan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, TCU Sid Richardson Building, TCU Box 298840, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Butz B, Dolle C, Halbig CE, Spiecker E, Eigler S. Nahezu vollständig intaktes und sauberes oxo-funktionalisiertes Graphen - Synthese und elektronenstrahlinduzierte Reduktion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Butz
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanostrukturforschung & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Cauerstraße 6 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Christian Dolle
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanostrukturforschung & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Cauerstraße 6 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Christian E. Halbig
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie und Zentralinstitut für Neue Materialien und Prozesstechnik (ZMP); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Dr.-Mack Straße 81 90762 Fürth Deutschland
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanostrukturforschung & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Cauerstraße 6 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie und Zentralinstitut für Neue Materialien und Prozesstechnik (ZMP); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Dr.-Mack Straße 81 90762 Fürth Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Kemivägen 10 41258 Göteborg Schweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Butz B, Dolle C, Halbig CE, Spiecker E, Eigler S. Highly Intact and Pure Oxo-Functionalized Graphene: Synthesis and Electron-Beam-Induced Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15771-15774. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Butz
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanostrukturforschung & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Cauerstrasse 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian Dolle
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanostrukturforschung & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Cauerstrasse 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian E. Halbig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Central Institute of Materials and Processes (ZMP); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Dr.-Mack Strasse 81 90762 Fürth Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanostrukturforschung & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Cauerstrasse 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Central Institute of Materials and Processes (ZMP); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Dr.-Mack Strasse 81 90762 Fürth Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Kemivägen 10 41258 Göteborg Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tran TMH, Ambrosi A, Pumera M. Phenols as probes of chemical composition of graphene oxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:30515-30519. [PMID: 27782254 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05569a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) can be conveniently used as a starting material for the preparation of selective and sensitive electrochemical sensing systems. The amount of oxygen groups present on the material can be precisely tuned by reduction methodologies which allow the selection of the optimal C/O ratio for specific analytes. An electrochemical reduction procedure is used in this work to alter the oxygen content of the GO starting material and investigate the effects on the electrochemical detection of phenolic compounds selected with different hydroxyl groups: phenol, catechol, hydroquinone and phloroglucinol. Cyclic voltammetry has been used to measure the alteration of the oxidation signal upon tuning the oxygen content of the graphene based electrode material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Mai Huong Tran
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Adriano Ambrosi
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|