1
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Huster D, Maiti S, Herrmann A. Phospholipid Membranes as Chemically and Functionally Tunable Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312898. [PMID: 38456771 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The sheet-like lipid bilayer is the fundamental structural component of all cell membranes. Its building blocks are phospholipids and cholesterol. Their amphiphilic structure spontaneously leads to the formation of a bilayer in aqueous environment. Lipids are not just structural elements. Individual lipid species, the lipid membrane structure, and lipid dynamics influence and regulate membrane protein function. An exciting field is emerging where the membrane-associated material properties of different bilayer systems are used in designing innovative solutions for widespread applications across various fields, such as the food industry, cosmetics, nano- and biomedicine, drug storage and delivery, biotechnology, nano- and biosensors, and computing. Here, the authors summarize what is known about how lipids determine the properties and functions of biological membranes and how this has been or can be translated into innovative applications. Based on recent progress in the understanding of membrane structure, dynamics, and physical properties, a perspective is provided on how membrane-controlled regulation of protein functions can extend current applications and even offer new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Huster
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16/18, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sudipta Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, 400 005, India
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, SupraFAB, Altensteinstr. 23a, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Lee Y, Fracassi A, Devaraj NK. Control of giant vesicle assemblies by stimuli-responsive lipids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3930-3933. [PMID: 38497420 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00322e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
We describe a bottom-up synthesis of giant vesicles (GVs) utilizing an artificial stimuli-responsive diazobenzene lipid building block. Controlled by light, the GVs can exhibit dynamic behaviors, including reversible formation, the generation of highly multilamellar assemblies, and vesicle capturing and releasing events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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3
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Qutbuddin Y, Guinart A, Gavrilović S, Al Nahas K, Feringa BL, Schwille P. Light-Activated Synthetic Rotary Motors in Lipid Membranes Induce Shape Changes Through Membrane Expansion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311176. [PMID: 38215457 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Membranes are the key structures to separate and spatially organize cellular systems. Their rich dynamics and transformations during the cell cycle are orchestrated by specific membrane-targeted molecular machineries, many of which operate through energy dissipation. Likewise, man-made light-activated molecular rotary motors have previously shown drastic effects on cellular systems, but their physical roles on and within lipid membranes remain largely unexplored. Here, the impact of rotary motors on well-defined biological membranes is systematically investigated. Notably, dramatic mechanical transformations are observed in these systems upon motor irradiation, indicative of motor-induced membrane expansion. The influence of several factors on this phenomenon is systematically explored, such as motor concentration and membrane composition., Membrane fluidity is found to play a crucial role in motor-induced deformations, while only minor contributions from local heating and singlet oxygen generation are observed. Most remarkably, the membrane area expansion under the influence of the motors continues as long as irradiation is maintained, and the system stays out-of-equilibrium. Overall, this research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of molecular motors interacting with biological membranes, elucidating the multifaceted factors that govern membrane responses and shape transitions in the presence of these remarkable molecular machines, thereby supporting their future applications in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Qutbuddin
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ainoa Guinart
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Svetozar Gavrilović
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kareem Al Nahas
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Schwille
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
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4
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Jamecna D, Höglinger D. The use of click chemistry in sphingolipid research. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261388. [PMID: 38488070 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid dysregulation is involved in a range of rare and fatal diseases as well as common pathologies including cancer, infectious diseases or neurodegeneration. Gaining insights into how sphingolipids are involved in these diseases would contribute much to our understanding of human physiology, as well as the pathology mechanisms. However, scientific progress is hampered by a lack of suitable tools that can be used in intact systems. To overcome this, efforts have turned to engineering modified lipids with small clickable tags and to harnessing the power of click chemistry to localize and follow these minimally modified lipid probes in cells. We hope to inspire the readers of this Review to consider applying existing click chemistry tools for their own aspects of sphingolipid research. To this end, we focus here on different biological applications of clickable lipids, mainly to follow metabolic conversions, their visualization by confocal or superresolution microscopy or the identification of their protein interaction partners. Finally, we describe recent approaches employing organelle-targeted and clickable lipid probes to accurately follow intracellular sphingolipid transport with organellar precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Jamecna
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Doris Höglinger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Morstein J, Amatuni A, Shuster A, Kuttenlochner W, Ko T, Abegg D, Groll M, Adibekian A, Renata H, Trauner DH. Optical Control of Proteasomal Protein Degradation with a Photoswitchable Lipopeptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314791. [PMID: 38109686 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Photolipids have emerged as attractive tools for the optical control of lipid functions. They often contain an azobenzene photoswitch that imparts a cis double-bond upon irradiation. Herein, we present the application of photoswitching to a lipidated natural product, the potent proteasome inhibitor cepafungin I. Several azobenzene-containing lipids were attached to the cyclopeptide core, yielding photoswitchable derivatives. Most notably, PhotoCep4 exhibited a 10-fold higher cellular potency in its light-induced cis-form, matching the potency of natural cepafungin I. The length of the photolipid tail and distal positioning of the azobenzene photoswitch with respect to the macrocycle is critical for this activity. In a proteome-wide experiment, light-triggered PhotoCep4 modulation showed high overlap with constitutively active cepafungin I. The mode of action was studied using crystallography and revealed an identical binding of the cyclopeptide in comparison to cepafungin I, suggesting that differences in their cellular activity originate from switching the tail structure. The photopharmacological approach described herein could be applicable to many other natural products as lipid conjugation is common and often necessary for potent activity. Such lipids are often introduced late in synthetic routes, enabling facile chemical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Morstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA-94158, USA
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY-10003, USA
| | - Alexander Amatuni
- Skaggs Doctoral Program in the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA-92037, USA
| | - Anton Shuster
- Skaggs Doctoral Program in the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA-92037, USA
| | - Wolfgang Kuttenlochner
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Protein Assemblies, Chair of Biochemistry, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Tongil Ko
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY-10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA-19104, USA
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Michael Groll
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Protein Assemblies, Chair of Biochemistry, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, TX-77005, USA
| | - Dirk H Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY-10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA-19104, USA
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6
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Bassetto CAZ, Pfeffermann J, Yadav R, Strassgschwandtner S, Glasnov T, Bezanilla F, Pohl P. Photolipid excitation triggers depolarizing optocapacitive currents and action potentials. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1139. [PMID: 38326372 PMCID: PMC10850502 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Optically-induced changes in membrane capacitance may regulate neuronal activity without requiring genetic modifications. Previously, they mainly relied on sudden temperature jumps due to light absorption by membrane-associated nanomaterials or water. Yet, nanomaterial targeting or the required high infrared light intensities obstruct broad applicability. Now, we propose a very versatile approach: photolipids (azobenzene-containing diacylglycerols) mediate light-triggered cellular de- or hyperpolarization. As planar bilayer experiments show, the respective currents emerge from millisecond-timescale changes in bilayer capacitance. UV light changes photolipid conformation, which awards embedding plasma membranes with increased capacitance and evokes depolarizing currents. They open voltage-gated sodium channels in cells, generating action potentials. Blue light reduces the area per photolipid, decreasing membrane capacitance and eliciting hyperpolarization. If present, mechanosensitive channels respond to the increased mechanical membrane tension, generating large depolarizing currents that elicit action potentials. Membrane self-insertion of administered photolipids and focused illumination allows cell excitation with high spatiotemporal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Z Bassetto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Juergen Pfeffermann
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Rohit Yadav
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Toma Glasnov
- Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria
| | - Francisco Bezanilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Peter Pohl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020, Linz, Austria.
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7
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Krok E, Franquelim HG, Chattopadhyay M, Orlikowska-Rzeznik H, Schwille P, Piatkowski L. Nanoscale structural response of biomimetic cell membranes to controlled dehydration. NANOSCALE 2023; 16:72-84. [PMID: 38062887 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03078d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Although cell membranes exist in excess of water under physiological conditions, there are a number of biochemical processes, such as adsorption of biomacromolecules or membrane fusion events, that require partial or even complete transient dehydration of lipid membranes. Even though the dehydration process is crucial for understanding all fusion events, still little is known about the structural adaptation of lipid membranes when their interfacial hydration layer is perturbed. Here, we present the study of the nanoscale structural reorganization of phase-separated, supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) under a wide range of hydration conditions. Model lipid membranes were characterised using a combination of fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy and, crucially, without applying any chemical or physical modifications that have previously been considered essential for maintaining the membrane integrity upon dehydration. We revealed that decreasing the hydration state of the membrane leads to an enhanced mixing of lipids characteristic of the liquid-disordered (Ld) phase with those forming the liquid-ordered (Lo) phase. This is associated with a 2-fold decrease in the hydrophobic mismatch between the Ld and Lo lipid phases and a 3-fold decrease in the line tension for the fully desiccated membrane. Importantly, the observed changes in the hydrophobic mismatch, line tension, and lipid miscibility are fully reversible upon subsequent rehydration of the membrane. These findings provide a deeper insight into the fundamental processes, such as cell-cell fusion, that require partial dehydration at the interface of two membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Krok
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Institute of Physics, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Henri G Franquelim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Leipzig University, Research and Transfer Center for Bioactive Matter, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madhurima Chattopadhyay
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Institute of Physics, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Hanna Orlikowska-Rzeznik
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Institute of Physics, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lukasz Piatkowski
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Institute of Physics, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
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8
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Lee Y, Fracassi A, Devaraj NK. Light-Driven Membrane Assembly, Shape-Shifting, and Tissue Formation in Chemically Responsive Synthetic Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25815-25823. [PMID: 37963186 PMCID: PMC10690792 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Living systems create remarkable complexity from a limited repertoire of biological building blocks by controlling assembly dynamics at the molecular, cellular, and multicellular level. An open question is whether simplified synthetic cells can gain similar complex functionality by being driven away from equilibrium. Here, we describe a dynamic synthetic cell system assembled using artificial lipids that are responsive to both light and chemical stimuli. Irradiation of disordered aggregates of lipids leads to the spontaneous emergence of giant cell-like vesicles, which revert to aggregates when illumination is turned off. Under irradiation, the synthetic cell membranes can interact with chemical building blocks, remodeling their composition and forming new structures that prevent the membranes from undergoing retrograde aggregation processes. The remodeled light-responsive synthetic cells reversibly alter their shape under irradiation, transitioning from spheres to rodlike shapes, mimicking energy-dependent functions normally restricted to living materials. In the presence of noncovalently interacting multivalent polymers, light-driven shape changes can be used to trigger vesicle cross-linking, leading to the formation of functional synthetic tissues. By controlling light and chemical inputs, the stepwise, one-pot transformation of lipid aggregates to multivesicular synthetic tissues is feasible. Our results suggest a rationale for why even early protocells may have required and evolved simple mechanisms to harness environmental energy sources to coordinate hierarchical assembly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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9
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Socrier L, Steinem C. Photo-Lipids: Light-Sensitive Nano-Switches to Control Membrane Properties. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300203. [PMID: 37395458 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes are described as a complex mixture of lipids and proteins organized according to thermodynamic principles. This chemical and spatial complexity can lead to specialized functional membrane domains enriched with specific lipids and proteins. The interaction between lipids and proteins restricts their lateral diffusion and range of motion, thus altering their function. One approach to investigating these membrane properties is to use chemically accessible probes. In particular, photo-lipids, which contain a light-sensitive azobenzene moiety that changes its configuration from trans- to cis- upon light irradiation, have recently gained popularity for modifying membrane properties. These azobenzene-derived lipids serve as nanotools for manipulating lipid membranes in vitro and in vivo. Here, we will discuss the use of these compounds in artificial and biological membranes as well as their application in drug delivery. We will focus mainly on changes in the membrane's physical properties as well as lipid membrane domains in phase-separated liquid-ordered/liquid-disordered bilayers driven by light, and how these changes in membrane physical properties alter transmembrane protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Socrier
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Steinem
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Bassetto CAZ, Pfeffermann J, Yadav R, Strassgschwandtner S, Glasnov T, Bezanilla F, Pohl P. Photolipid excitation triggers depolarizing optocapacitive currents and action potentials. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.11.552849. [PMID: 37645959 PMCID: PMC10462005 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.11.552849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Optically-induced changes in membrane capacitance may regulate neuronal activity without requiring genetic modifications. Previously, they mainly relied on sudden temperature jumps due to light absorption by membrane-associated nanomaterials or water. Yet, nanomaterial targeting or the required high infrared light intensities obstruct broad applicability. Now, we propose a very versatile approach: photolipids (azobenzene-containing diacylglycerols) mediate light-triggered cellular de- or hyperpolarization. As planar bilayer experiments show, the respective currents emerge from millisecond-timescale changes in bilayer capacitance. UV light changes photolipid conformation, which awards embedding plasma membranes with increased capacitance and evokes depolarizing currents. They open voltage-gated sodium channels in cells, generating action potentials. Blue light reduces the area per photolipid, decreasing membrane capacitance and eliciting hyperpolarization. If present, mechanosensitive channels respond to the increased mechanical membrane tension, generating large depolarizing currents that elicit action potentials. Membrane self-insertion of administered photolipids and focused illumination allows cell excitation with high spatiotemporal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Z. Bassetto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Juergen Pfeffermann
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Rohit Yadav
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | | | - Toma Glasnov
- Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria
| | - Francisco Bezanilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Peter Pohl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
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11
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Shimokawa N, Hamada T. Physical Concept to Explain the Regulation of Lipid Membrane Phase Separation under Isothermal Conditions. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051105. [PMID: 37240749 DOI: 10.3390/life13051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lateral phase separation within lipid bilayer membranes has attracted considerable attention in the fields of biophysics and cell biology. Living cells organize laterally segregated compartments, such as raft domains in an ordered phase, and regulate their dynamic structures under isothermal conditions to promote cellular functions. Model membrane systems with minimum components are powerful tools for investigating the basic phenomena of membrane phase separation. With the use of such model systems, several physicochemical characteristics of phase separation have been revealed. This review focuses on the isothermal triggering of membrane phase separation from a physical point of view. We consider the free energy of the membrane that describes lateral phase separation and explain the experimental results of model membranes to regulate domain formation under isothermal conditions. Three possible regulation factors are discussed: electrostatic interactions, chemical reactions and membrane tension. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of membrane lateral organization within living cells that function under isothermal conditions and could be useful for the development of artificial cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Shimokawa
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hamada
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan
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12
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Structural diversity of photoswitchable sphingolipids for optodynamic control of lipid microdomains. Biophys J 2023:S0006-3495(23)00135-2. [PMID: 36869591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a structurally diverse class of lipids predominantly found in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. These lipids can laterally segregate with other rigid lipids and cholesterol into liquid-ordered domains that act as organizing centers within biomembranes. Owing the vital role of sphingolipids for lipid segregation, controlling their lateral organization is of utmost significance. Hence, we made use of the light-induced trans-cis isomerization of azobenzene-modified acyl chains to develop a set of photoswitchable sphingolipids with different headgroups (hydroxyl, galactosyl, phosphocholine) and backbones (sphingosine, phytosphingosine, tetrahydropyran-blocked sphingosine) that are able to shuttle between liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered regions of model membranes upon irradiation with UV-A (λ = 365 nm) and blue (λ = 470 nm) light, respectively. Using combined high-speed atomic force microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and force spectroscopy, we investigated how these active sphingolipids laterally remodel supported bilayers upon photoisomerization, notably in terms of domain area changes, height mismatch, line tension, and membrane piercing. Hereby, we show that the sphingosine-based (Azo-β-Gal-Cer, Azo-SM, Azo-Cer) and phytosphingosine-based (Azo-α-Gal-PhCer, Azo-PhCer) photoswitchable lipids promote a reduction in liquid-ordered microdomain area when in the UV-adapted cis-isoform. In contrast, azo-sphingolipids having tetrahydropyran groups that block H-bonding at the sphingosine backbone (lipids named Azo-THP-SM, Azo-THP-Cer) induce an increase in the liquid-ordered domain area when in cis, accompanied by a major rise in height mismatch and line tension. These changes were fully reversible upon blue light-triggered isomerization of the various lipids back to trans, pinpointing the role of interfacial interactions for the formation of stable liquid-ordered domains.
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13
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Socrier L, Ahadi S, Bosse M, Montag C, Werz DB, Steinem C. Optical Manipulation of Gb 3 Enriched Lipid Domains: Impact of Isomerization on Gb 3 -Shiga Toxin B Interaction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202766. [PMID: 36279320 PMCID: PMC10099549 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a complex assembly of proteins and lipids that can self-assemble in submicroscopic domains commonly termed "lipid rafts", which are implicated in membrane signaling and trafficking. Recently, photo-sensitive lipids were introduced to study membrane domain organization, and photo-isomerization was shown to trigger the mixing and de-mixing of liquid-ordered (lo ) domains in artificial phase-separated membranes. Here, we synthesized globotriaosylceramide (Gb3 ) glycosphingolipids that harbor an azobenzene moiety at different positions of the fatty acid to investigate light-induced membrane domain reorganization, and that serve as specific receptors for the protein Shiga toxin (STx). Using phase-separated supported lipid bilayers on mica surfaces doped with four different photo-Gb3 molecules, we found by fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy that liquid disordered (ld ) domains were formed within lo domains upon trans-cis photo-isomerization. The fraction and size of these ld domains were largest for Gb3 molecules with the azobenzene group at the end of the fatty acid. We further investigated the impact of domain reorganization on the interaction of the B-subunits of STx with the photo-Gb3 . Fluorescence and atomic force micrographs clearly demonstrated that STxB binds to the lo phase if Gb3 is in the trans-configuration, whereas two STxB populations are formed if the photo-Gb3 is switched to the cis-configuration highlighting the idea of manipulating lipid-protein interactions with a light stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Socrier
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Somayeh Ahadi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mathias Bosse
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cindy Montag
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Steinem
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Wegner T, Laskar R, Glorius F. Lipid mimetics: A versatile toolbox for lipid biology and beyond. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 71:102209. [PMID: 36122522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Being the principal component of biological membranes lipids are essential building blocks of life. Given their huge biological importance, the investigation of lipids, their properties, interactions and metabolic pathways is of prime importance for the fundamental understanding of living cells and organisms as well as the emergence of diseases. Different strategies have been applied to investigate lipid-mediated biological processes, one of them being the use of lipid mimetics. They structurally resemble their natural counterparts but are equipped with functionality that can be used to probe or manipulate lipid-mediated biological processes and biomembranes. Lipid mimetics therefore constitute an indispensable toolbox for lipid biology and membrane research but also beyond for potential applications in medicine or synthetic biology. Herein, we highlight recent advances in the development and application of lipid-mimicking compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ranjini Laskar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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15
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Shendrikov VP, Alekseeva AS, Kot EF, Mineev KS, Tretiakova DS, Ece A, Boldyrev IA. Indane Based Molecular Motors: UV-Switching Increases Number of Isomers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196716. [PMID: 36235252 PMCID: PMC9570826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe azophenylindane based molecular motors (aphin-switches) which have two different rotamers of trans-configuration and four different rotamers of cis-configuration. The behaviors of these motors were investigated both experimentally and computationally. The conversion of aphin-switch does not yield single isomer but a mixture of these. Although the trans to cis conversion leads to the increase of the system entropy some of the cis-rotamers can directly convert to each other while others should convert via trans-configuration. The motion of aphin-switches resembles the work of a mixing machine with indane group serving as a base and phenol group serving as a beater. The aphin-switches presented herein may provide a basis for promising applications in advanced biological systems or particularly in cases where on demand disordering of molecular packing has value, such as lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy P. Shendrikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic, Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-7, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Higher Chemical College, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna S. Alekseeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic, Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-7, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Erik F. Kot
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic, Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-7, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin S. Mineev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic, Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-7, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria S. Tretiakova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic, Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-7, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Abdulilah Ece
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Ivan A. Boldyrev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic, Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-7, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-330-66-10
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16
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Pritzl SD, Morstein J, Kahler S, Konrad DB, Trauner D, Lohmüller T. Postsynthetic Photocontrol of Giant Liposomes via Fusion-Based Photolipid Doping. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11941-11949. [PMID: 36130117 PMCID: PMC9536078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on photolipid doping of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) via vesicle fusion with small unilamellar photolipid vesicles (pSUVs), which enables retroactive optical control of the membrane properties. We observe that vesicle fusion is light-dependent, if the phospholipids are neutral. Charge-mediated fusion involving anionic and cationic lipid molecules augments the overall fusion performance and doping efficiency, even in the absence of light exposure. Using phosphatidylcholine analogs with one or two azobenzene photoswitches (azo-PC and dazo-PC) affects domain formation, bending stiffness, and shape of the resulting vesicles in response to irradiation. Moreover, we show that optical membrane control can be extended to long wavelengths using red-absorbing photolipids (red-azo-PC). Combined, our findings present an attractive and practical method for the precise delivery of photolipids, which offers new prospects for the optical control of membrane function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie D. Pritzl
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, Silver Center, New York 10003, United States
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Sophia Kahler
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, Silver Center, New York 10003, United States
| | - David B. Konrad
- Department
of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, Silver Center, New York 10003, United States
| | - Theobald Lohmüller
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), 80539 Munich, Germany
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17
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Wang F, Kong H, Meng X, Tian X, Wang C, Xu L, Zhang X, Wang L, Xie R. A light-initiated chemical reporter strategy for spatiotemporal labeling of biomolecules. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:539-545. [PMID: 35656482 PMCID: PMC9092362 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00072e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of optochemical approaches has had a diverse impact over a broad range of biological research due to spatiotemporal regulation. Herein, we integrate this feature into the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy, which enables visible light-controlled spatiotemporal labeling of cell-surface glycans, lipids, and proteins. The metabolic precursors were first incorporated into live cells, and next the bioorthogonal reaction converted the azide/alkyne into a photo-active functional group, which allowed for subsequent photo-click reaction. We demonstrated this strategy by specifically labeling sialome, mucin-type O-glycome, phospholipids and newly-synthesized membrane proteins, respectively. The sequential photoirradiation-orthogonal reporter tagging (SPORT) should facilitate the probing of biomolecules in complex biological systems with high spatiotemporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Changjiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated, Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing 210008 China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower, Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210008 China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated, Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing 210008 China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower, Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210008 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated, Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing 210008 China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower, Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210008 China
| | - Ran Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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18
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Optical Switches for Lipid Membranes: Computed Molecular Projection Area as a Switch Selection Criterion. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids6020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Optical switches in lipid membranes are an emerging tool to tune the properties of the bilayer or membrane protein integrated therein. Here, we use simple geometry and physics considerations to deduce structural criteria to design efficient photoactivated switches for lipid membranes. We compare how the area of projection on the bilayer of various classes of photoswitches changes upon the trans/cis or open/closed transition and show that azobenzene and stilbene should distort the bilayer structure the most. We also conclude that planar-elongated molecules, in which atoms of isomerizable double bond have no additional substituents, while substituents of the fragments adjacent to the double bond prevent formation of the planar molecule in cis configuration, are to be the best photoswitches for lipid membranes.
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19
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Photopharmacological control of cell signaling with photoswitchable lipids. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 63:102202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Saitov A, Kalutsky MA, Galimzyanov TR, Glasnov T, Horner A, Akimov SA, Pohl P. Determinants of Lipid Domain Size. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073502. [PMID: 35408861 PMCID: PMC8998648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid domains less than 200 nm in size may form a scaffold, enabling the concerted function of plasma membrane proteins. The size-regulating mechanism is under debate. We tested the hypotheses that large values of spontaneous monolayer curvature are incompatible with micrometer-sized domains. Here, we used the transition of photoswitchable lipids from their cylindrical conformation to a conical conformation to increase the negative curvature of a bilayer-forming lipid mixture. In contrast to the hypothesis, pre-existing micrometer-sized domains did not dissipate in our planar bilayers, as indicated by fluorescence images and domain mobility measurements. Elasticity theory supports the observation by predicting the zero free energy gain for splitting large domains into smaller ones. It also indicates an alternative size-determining mechanism: The cone-shaped photolipids reduce the line tension associated with lipid deformations at the phase boundary and thus slow down the kinetics of domain fusion. The competing influence of two approaching domains on the deformation of the intervening lipids is responsible for the kinetic fusion trap. Our experiments indicate that the resulting local energy barrier may restrict the domain size in a dynamic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saitov
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Maksim A. Kalutsky
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/5 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (T.R.G.); (S.A.A.)
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Quantum Technologies, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur R. Galimzyanov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/5 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (T.R.G.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Toma Glasnov
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Andreas Horner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Sergey A. Akimov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/5 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (T.R.G.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Peter Pohl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.S.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Yang X, Li M, Qin X, Tan S, Du L, Ma C, Li M. Photophosphatidylserine Guides Natural Killer Cell Photoimmunotherapy via Tim-3. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3863-3874. [PMID: 35226805 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, in addition to their cytotoxicity function, harbor prominent cytokine production capabilities and contribute to regulating autoimmune responses. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing protein-3 (Tim-3) is one of the inhibitory receptors on NK cells and a promising immune checkpoint target. We recently found that phosphatidylserine (PS) binding to Tim-3 can suppress NK cell activation. Therefore, based on the therapeutic potential of Tim-3 in NK-cell-mediated diseases, we developed a photoswitchable ligand of Tim-3, termed photophosphatidylserine (phoPS), that mimics the effects of PS. Upon 365 or 455 nm light irradiation, the isomer of phoPS cyclically conversed the cis/trans configuration, resulting in an active/inactive Tim-3 ligand, thus modulating the function of NK cells in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrated that reversible phoPS enabled optical control of acute hepatitis. Together, phoPS may be an appealing tool for autoimmune diseases and cytokine storms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingye Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Mengzhen Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaojun Qin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Siyu Tan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lupei Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Helmholtz International Lab, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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22
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Pritzl SD, Konrad DB, Ober MF, Richter AF, Frank JA, Nickel B, Trauner D, Lohmüller T. Optical Membrane Control with Red Light Enabled by Red-Shifted Photolipids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:385-393. [PMID: 34969246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitchable phospholipids, or "photolipids", that harbor an azobenzene group in their lipid tails are versatile tools to manipulate and control lipid bilayer properties with light. So far, the limited ultraviolet-A/blue spectral range in which the photoisomerization of regular azobenzene operates has been a major obstacle for biophysical or photopharmaceutical applications. Here, we report on the synthesis of nano- and micrometer-sized liposomes from tetra-ortho-chloro azobenzene-substituted phosphatidylcholine (termed red-azo-PC) that undergoes photoisomerization on irradiation with tissue-penetrating red light (≥630 nm). Photoswitching strongly affects the fluidity and mechanical properties of lipid membranes, although small-angle X-ray scattering and dynamic light scattering measurements reveal only a minor influence on the overall bilayer thickness and area expansion. By controlling the photostationary state and the photoswitching efficiency of red-azo-PC for specific wavelengths, we demonstrate that shape transitions such as budding or pearling and the division of cell-sized vesicles can be achieved. These results emphasize the applicability of red-azo-PC as a nanophotonic tool in synthetic biology and for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie D Pritzl
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - David B Konrad
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina F Ober
- Faculty of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Alexander F Richter
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - James A Frank
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Vollum Institute, Oregon, Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Bert Nickel
- Faculty of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, Silver Center, 100 Washington Square East, Room 712, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Theobald Lohmüller
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität (LMU), Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
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23
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Abstract
Glycerolipids, sphingolipids, and sterols are the three major classes of membrane lipids. Both glycerolipids and sphingolipids are comprised of combinations of polar headgroups and fatty acid tails. The fatty acid tail can be chemically modified with an azobenzene photoswitch giving rise to photoswitchable lipids. This approach has yielded a number of photopharmacological tools that allow for the control various of aspects of lipid assembly, metabolism, and physiology with light.
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24
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Bryan AM, You JK, Li G, Kim J, Singh A, Morstein J, Trauner D, Pereira de Sá N, Normile TG, Farnoud AM, London E, Del Poeta M. Cholesterol and sphingomyelin are critical for Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans by macrophages. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101411. [PMID: 34793834 PMCID: PMC8661020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in lymphopenic patients. Pulmonary macrophages comprise the first line of host defense upon inhalation of fungal spores by aiding in clearance but can also potentially serve as a niche for their dissemination. Given that macrophages play a key role in the outcome of a cryptococcal infection, it is crucial to understand factors that mediate phagocytosis of C. neoformans. Since lipid rafts (high-order plasma membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin [SM]) have been implicated in facilitating phagocytosis, we evaluated whether these ordered domains govern macrophages' ability to phagocytose C. neoformans. We found that cholesterol or SM depletion resulted in significantly deficient immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated phagocytosis of fungus. Moreover, repletion of macrophage cells with a raft-promoting sterol (7-dehydrocholesterol) rescued this phagocytic deficiency, whereas a raft-inhibiting sterol (coprostanol) significantly decreased IgG-mediated phagocytosis of C. neoformans. Using a photoswitchable SM (AzoSM), we observed that the raft-promoting conformation (trans-AzoSM) resulted in efficient phagocytosis, whereas the raft-inhibiting conformation (cis-AzoSM) significantly but reversibly blunted phagocytosis. We observed that the effect on phagocytosis may be facilitated by Fcγ receptor (FcγR) function, whereby IgG immune complexes crosslink to FcγRIII, resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of FcR γ-subunit (FcRγ), an important accessory protein in the FcγR signaling cascade. Correspondingly, cholesterol or SM depletion resulted in decreased FcRγ phosphorylation. Repletion with 7-dehydrocholesterol restored phosphorylation, whereas repletion with coprostanol showed FcRγ phosphorylation comparable to unstimulated cells. Together, these data suggest that lipid rafts are critical for facilitating FcγRIII-mediated phagocytosis of C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle M Bryan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jeehyun Karen You
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - JiHyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nívea Pereira de Sá
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Tyler G Normile
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Amir M Farnoud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA.
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25
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Royes J, Bjørnestad VA, Brun G, Narayanan T, Lund R, Tribet C. Transition kinetics of mixed lipid:photosurfactant assemblies studied by time-resolved small angle X-ray scattering. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:830-841. [PMID: 34887060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Photoswitchable surfactants are used in the design of many light-responsive colloids and/or self-assemblies. Photo-isomerization enables to control molecular equilibrium, and triggers transient reorganizations with possibly out-of-equilibrium intermediate states that have been overlooked. Here, we address this question by an in depth structural investigation of intermediate lipid-surfactant assemblies that occur during fast isothermal photo-triggered transition in lipid:surfactant mixtures. EXPERIMENTS The structural parameters of mixed assemblies of azobenzene-containing cationic surfactant (AzoTMA) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) lipids were studied by light scattering and time-resolved small angle X-ray scattering. Structural and compositional information about the assemblies and unimers in bulk were determined at the photostationary states, as well as at intermediate kinetic states formed during UV or blue light illumination. FINDINGS DOPC:AzoTMA systems form mixed assemblies representative of phospholipid:cationic surfactant mixtures, that evolve from spheroid, to rod-like micelles, and vesicles with increasing DOPC fraction. Transient assemblies detected during the photo-triggered kinetics are similar to the ones found in stationary states. But changes of AzoTMA unimers in bulk can be considerably faster than mass reorganizations of the mixed assemblies, suggesting that out-of-equilibrium conditions are transiently reached. Mass reorganization of the surfactant-enriched assemblies is much faster than in the lipid enriched ones, providing insight into the role of lipids in a slow reorganization of the assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Royes
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - V A Bjørnestad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo N-0315, Norway
| | - G Brun
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - T Narayanan
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38043, France
| | - R Lund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo N-0315, Norway
| | - C Tribet
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
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26
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Tei R, Morstein J, Shemet A, Trauner D, Baskin JM. Optical Control of Phosphatidic Acid Signaling. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1205-1215. [PMID: 34345670 PMCID: PMC8323247 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acids (PAs) are glycerophospholipids that regulate key cell signaling pathways governing cell growth and proliferation, including the mTOR and Hippo pathways. Their acyl chains vary in tail length and degree of saturation, leading to marked differences in the signaling functions of different PA species. For example, in mTOR signaling, saturated forms of PA are inhibitory, whereas unsaturated forms are activating. To enable rapid control over PA signaling, we describe here the development of photoswitchable analogues of PA, termed AzoPA and dAzoPA, that contain azobenzene groups in one or both lipid tails, respectively. These photolipids enable optical control of their tail structure and can be reversibly switched between a straight trans form and a relatively bent cis form. We found that cis-dAzoPA selectively activates mTOR signaling, mimicking the bioactivity of unsaturated forms of PA. Further, in the context of Hippo signaling, whose growth-suppressing activity is blocked by PA, we found that the cis forms of both AzoPA and dAzoPA selectively inhibit this pathway. Collectively, these photoswitchable PA analogues enable optical control of mTOR and Hippo signaling, and we envision future applications of these probes to dissect the pleiotropic effects of physiological and pathological PA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reika Tei
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and
Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Andrej Shemet
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Baskin
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and
Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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27
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Morstein J, Kol M, Novak AJE, Feng S, Khayyo S, Hinnah K, Li-Purcell N, Pan G, Williams BM, Riezman H, Atilla-Gokcumen GE, Holthuis JCM, Trauner D. Short Photoswitchable Ceramides Enable Optical Control of Apoptosis. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:452-456. [PMID: 33586946 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report short ceramide analogs that can be activated with light and further functionalized using azide-alkyne click chemistry. These molecules, termed scaCers, exhibit increased cell permeability compared to their long-chain analogs as demonstrated using mass spectrometry and imaging. Notably, scaCers enable optical control of apoptosis, which is not observed with long-chain variants. Additionally, they function as photoswitchable substrates for sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2), exhibiting inverted light-dependence compared to their extended analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Matthijs Kol
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Alexander J. E. Novak
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Suihan Feng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shadi Khayyo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Konstantin Hinnah
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Nasi Li-Purcell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Grace Pan
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G. Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, United States
| | | | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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28
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Gao L, Meiring JCM, Kraus Y, Wranik M, Weinert T, Pritzl SD, Bingham R, Ntouliou E, Jansen KI, Olieric N, Standfuss J, Kapitein LC, Lohmüller T, Ahlfeld J, Akhmanova A, Steinmetz MO, Thorn-Seshold O. A Robust, GFP-Orthogonal Photoswitchable Inhibitor Scaffold Extends Optical Control over the Microtubule Cytoskeleton. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:228-241.e6. [PMID: 33275880 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Optically controlled chemical reagents, termed "photopharmaceuticals," are powerful tools for precise spatiotemporal control of proteins particularly when genetic methods, such as knockouts or optogenetics are not viable options. However, current photopharmaceutical scaffolds, such as azobenzenes are intolerant of GFP/YFP imaging and are metabolically labile, posing severe limitations for biological use. We rationally designed a photoswitchable "SBT" scaffold to overcome these problems, then derivatized it to create exceptionally metabolically robust and fully GFP/YFP-orthogonal "SBTub" photopharmaceutical tubulin inhibitors. Lead compound SBTub3 allows temporally reversible, cell-precise, and even subcellularly precise photomodulation of microtubule dynamics, organization, and microtubule-dependent processes. By overcoming the previous limitations of microtubule photopharmaceuticals, SBTubs offer powerful applications in cell biology, and their robustness and druglikeness are favorable for intracellular biological control in in vivo applications. We furthermore expect that the robustness and imaging orthogonality of the SBT scaffold will inspire other derivatizations directed at extending the photocontrol of a range of other biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Joyce C M Meiring
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Kraus
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Maximilian Wranik
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Weinert
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D Pritzl
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Rebekkah Bingham
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Evangelia Ntouliou
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Klara I Jansen
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584, Netherlands
| | - Natacha Olieric
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Standfuss
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584, Netherlands
| | - Theobald Lohmüller
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Julia Ahlfeld
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584, Netherlands
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen 5232, Switzerland; Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Thorn-Seshold
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich 81377, Germany.
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29
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Morstein J, Impastato AC, Trauner D. Photoswitchable Lipids. Chembiochem 2020; 22:73-83. [PMID: 32790211 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Photoswitchable lipids are emerging tools for the precise manipulation and study of lipid function. They can modulate many aspects of membrane biophysics, including permeability, fluidity, lipid mobility and domain formation. They are also very useful in lipid physiology and enable optical control of a wide array of lipid receptors, such as ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, and enzymes that translocate to membranes. Enzymes involved in lipid metabolism often process them in a light-dependent fashion. Photoswitchable lipids complement other functionalized lipids widely used in lipid chemical biology, including isotope-labeled lipids (lipidomics), fluorescent lipids (imaging), bifunctional lipids (lipid-protein crosslinking), photocaged lipids (photopharmacology), and other labeled variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003-6699, USA
| | - Anna C Impastato
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003-6699, USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003-6699, USA
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30
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Klaja O, Frank JA, Trauner D, Bondar AN. Potential energy function for a photo-switchable lipid molecule. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:2336-2351. [PMID: 32749723 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Photo-switchable lipids are synthetic lipid molecules used in photo-pharmacology to alter membrane lateral pressure and thus control opening and closing of mechanosensitive ion channels. The molecular picture of how photo-switchable lipids interact with membranes or ion channels is poorly understood. To facilitate all-atom simulations that could provide a molecular picture of membranes with photo-switchable lipids, we derived force field parameters for atomistic computations of the azobenzene-based fatty acid FAAzo-4. We implemented a Phyton-based algorithm to make the optimization of atomic partial charges more efficient. Overall, the parameters we derived give good description of the equilibrium structure, torsional properties, and non-bonded interactions for the photo-switchable lipid in its trans and cis intermediate states, and crystal lattice parameters for trans-FAAzo-4. These parameters can be extended to all-atom descriptions of various photo-switchable lipids that have an azobenzene moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Klaja
- Department of Physics, Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Group, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - James A Frank
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ana-Nicoleta Bondar
- Department of Physics, Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Group, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Hinnah K, Willems S, Morstein J, Heering J, Hartrampf FWW, Broichhagen J, Leippe P, Merk D, Trauner D. Photohormones Enable Optical Control of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ). J Med Chem 2020; 63:10908-10920. [PMID: 32886507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Photopharmacology aims at the optical control of protein activity using synthetic photoswitches. This approach has been recently expanded to nuclear hormone receptors with the introduction of "photohormones" for the retinoic acid receptor, farnesoid X receptor, and estrogen receptor. Herein, we report the development and profiling of photoswitchable agonists for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Based on known PPARγ ligands (MDG548, GW1929, and rosiglitazone), we have designed and synthesized azobenzene derivatives, termed AzoGW1929 and AzoRosi, which were confirmed to be active in cell-based assays. Subsequent computer-aided optimization of AzoRosi resulted in the photohormone AzoRosi-4, which bound and activated PPARγ preferentially in its light-activated cis-configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Hinnah
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Sabine Willems
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Jan Heering
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Felix W W Hartrampf
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Leippe
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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32
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Gaur P, Galkin M, Hauke S, Redkin R, Barnes C, Shvadchak VV, Yushchenko DA. Reversible spatial and temporal control of lipid signaling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10646-10649. [PMID: 32857092 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04146g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we introduce versatile molecular tools that enable specific delivery and visualization of photoswitchable lipids at cellular membranes, namely at the plasma membrane and internal membranes. These molecules were prepared by tethering ortho-nitrobenzyl-based fluorescent cages with a signaling lipid bearing an azobenzene photoswitch. They permit two sequential photocontrolled reactions, which are uncaging of a lipid analogue and then its repeated activation and deactivation. We used these molecules to activate GPR40 receptor transiently expressed in HeLa cells and demonstrated downstream modulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Gaur
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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33
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Flores J, White BM, Brea RJ, Baskin JM, Devaraj NK. Lipids: chemical tools for their synthesis, modification, and analysis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4602-4614. [PMID: 32691785 PMCID: PMC7380508 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00154f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipids remain one of the most enigmatic classes of biological molecules. Whereas lipids are well known to form basic units of membrane structure and energy storage, deciphering the exact roles and biological interactions of distinct lipid species has proven elusive. How these building blocks are synthesized, trafficked, and stored are also questions that require closer inspection. This tutorial review covers recent advances on the preparation, derivatization, and analysis of lipids. In particular, we describe several chemical approaches that form part of a powerful toolbox for controlling and characterizing lipid structure. We believe these tools will be helpful in numerous applications, including the study of lipid-protein interactions and the development of novel drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Flores
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Brittany M White
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Jeremy M Baskin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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34
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Morstein J, Dacheux MA, Norman DD, Shemet A, Donthamsetti PC, Citir M, Frank JA, Schultz C, Isacoff EY, Parrill AL, Tigyi GJ, Trauner D. Optical Control of Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10612-10616. [PMID: 32469525 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid that acts as an extracellular signaling molecule and activates the family of lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPA1-6). These G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are broadly expressed and are particularly important in development as well as in the nervous, cardiovascular, reproductive, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary systems. Here, we report on a photoswitchable analogue of LPA, termed AzoLPA, which contains an azobenzene photoswitch embedded in the acyl chain. AzoLPA enables optical control of LPA receptor activation, shown through its ability to rapidly control LPA-evoked increases in intracellular Ca2+ levels. AzoLPA shows greater activation of LPA receptors in its light-induced cis-form than its dark-adapted (or 460 nm light-induced) trans-form. AzoLPA enabled the optical control of neurite retraction through its activation of the LPA2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Mélanie A Dacheux
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee 39163, United States
| | - Derek D Norman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee 39163, United States
| | - Andrej Shemet
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Prashant C Donthamsetti
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mevlut Citir
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - James A Frank
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Carsten Schultz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg 69117, Germany.,Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry Department, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Ehud Y Isacoff
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Abby L Parrill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Gabor J Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee 39163, United States
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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35
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DiFrancesco ML, Lodola F, Colombo E, Maragliano L, Bramini M, Paternò GM, Baldelli P, Serra MD, Lunelli L, Marchioretto M, Grasselli G, Cimò S, Colella L, Fazzi D, Ortica F, Vurro V, Eleftheriou CG, Shmal D, Maya-Vetencourt JF, Bertarelli C, Lanzani G, Benfenati F. Neuronal firing modulation by a membrane-targeted photoswitch. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:296-306. [PMID: 32015505 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical technologies allowing modulation of neuronal activity at high spatio-temporal resolution are becoming paramount in neuroscience. In this respect, azobenzene-based photoswitches are promising nanoscale tools for neuronal photostimulation. Here we engineered a light-sensitive azobenzene compound (Ziapin2) that stably partitions into the plasma membrane and causes its thinning through trans-dimerization in the dark, resulting in an increased membrane capacitance at steady state. We demonstrated that in neurons loaded with the compound, millisecond pulses of visible light induce a transient hyperpolarization followed by a delayed depolarization that triggers action potential firing. These effects are persistent and can be evoked in vivo up to 7 days, proving the potential of Ziapin2 for the modulation of membrane capacitance in the millisecond timescale, without directly affecting ion channels or local temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Lorenzo DiFrancesco
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Lodola
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Colombo
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Maragliano
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mattia Bramini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Mattia Bramini, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Pietro Baldelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mauro Dalla Serra
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Trento, Italy
- Laboratory of Biomarker Studies and Structure Analysis for Health, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lunelli
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Trento, Italy
- Laboratory of Biomarker Studies and Structure Analysis for Health, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Marta Marchioretto
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Trento, Italy
- Laboratory of Biomarker Studies and Structure Analysis for Health, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Giorgio Grasselli
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Cimò
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Colella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Department of Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fausto Ortica
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vito Vurro
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Cyril Giles Eleftheriou
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Cyril Giles Eleftheriou, Departments of Ophtalmology and Neurology, Burke Medical Research Institute, Weil Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Dmytro Shmal
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - José Fernando Maya-Vetencourt
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- José Fernando Maya-Vetencourt, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Bertarelli
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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36
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Urban P, Pritzl SD, Ober MF, Dirscherl CF, Pernpeintner C, Konrad DB, Frank JA, Trauner D, Nickel B, Lohmueller T. A Lipid Photoswitch Controls Fluidity in Supported Bilayer Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2629-2634. [PMID: 32069411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Supported lipid bilayer (SLB) membranes are key elements to mimic membrane interfaces on a planar surface. Here, we demonstrate that azobenzene photolipids (azo-PC) form fluid, homogeneous SLBs. Diffusion properties of azo-PC within SLBs were probed by fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. At ambient conditions, we find that the trans-to-cis isomerization causes an increase of the diffusion constant by a factor of two. Simultaneous excitation with two wavelengths and variable intensities furthermore allows to adjust the diffusion constant D continuously. X-ray reflectometry and small-angle scattering measurements reveal that membrane photoisomerization results in a bilayer thickness reduction of ∼0.4 nm (or 10%). While thermally induced back-switching is not observed, we find that the trans bilayer fluidity is increasing with higher temperatures. This change in diffusion constant is accompanied by a red-shift in the absorption spectra. Based on these results, we suggest that the reduced diffusivity of trans-azo-PC is controlled by intermolecular interactions that also give rise to H-aggregate formation in bilayer membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Urban
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie D Pritzl
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina F Ober
- Faculty of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Christina F Dirscherl
- Faculty of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Pernpeintner
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - David B Konrad
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - James A Frank
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, Silver Center, 100 Washington Square East, Room 712, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Bert Nickel
- Faculty of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Theobald Lohmueller
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
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37
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Saitov A, Akimov SA, Galimzyanov TR, Glasnov T, Pohl P. Ordered Lipid Domains Assemble via Concerted Recruitment of Constituents from Both Membrane Leaflets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:108102. [PMID: 32216409 PMCID: PMC7115998 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.108102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipid rafts serve as anchoring platforms for membrane proteins. Thus far they escaped direct observation by light microscopy due to their small size. Here we used differently colored dyes as reporters for the registration of both ordered and disordered lipids from the two leaves of a freestanding bilayer. Photoswitchable lipids dissolved or reformed the domains. Measurements of domain mobility indicated the presence of 120 nm wide ordered and 40 nm wide disordered domains. These sizes are in line with the predicted roles of line tension and membrane undulation as driving forces for alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saitov
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, Linz 4020, Austria
| | - Sergey A Akimov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/5 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Timur R Galimzyanov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/5 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Toma Glasnov
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstr. 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Pohl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, Linz 4020, Austria
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38
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Hartrampf N, Seki T, Baumann A, Watson P, Vepřek NA, Hetzler BE, Hoffmann‐Röder A, Tsuji M, Trauner D. Optical Control of Cytokine Production Using Photoswitchable Galactosylceramides. Chemistry 2020; 26:4476-4479. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hartrampf
- Department of ChemistryNew York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Toshiyuki Seki
- The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research CenterAffiliate of the Rockefeller University 455 First Avenue, 7th Floor New York NY 10016 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Jikei University School of Medicine 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku Tokyo 105 Japan
| | - Andreas Baumann
- Department of ChemistryNew York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Philip Watson
- Department of ChemistryNew York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Nynke A. Vepřek
- Department of ChemistryNew York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13 81377 München Germany
| | - Belinda E. Hetzler
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13 81377 München Germany
| | - Anja Hoffmann‐Röder
- Department of ChemistryNew York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research CenterAffiliate of the Rockefeller University 455 First Avenue, 7th Floor New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of ChemistryNew York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13 81377 München Germany
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39
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Two-Photon Excitation of Azobenzene Photoswitches for Synthetic Optogenetics. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10030805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic optogenetics is an emerging optical technique that enables users to photocontrol molecules, proteins, and cells in vitro and in vivo. This is achieved by use of synthetic chromophores—denoted photoswitches—that undergo light-dependent changes (e.g., isomerization), which are meticulously designed to interact with unique cellular targets, notably proteins. Following light illumination, the changes adopted by photoswitches are harnessed to affect the function of nearby proteins. In most instances, photoswitches absorb visible light, wavelengths of poor tissue penetration, and excessive scatter. These shortcomings impede their use in vivo. To overcome these challenges, photoswitches of red-shifted absorbance have been developed. Notably, this shift in absorbance also increases their compatibility with two-photon excitation (2PE) methods. Here, we provide an overview of recent efforts devoted towards optimizing azobenzene-based photoswitches for 2PE and their current applications.
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40
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Li R, Muraoka T, Kinbara K. Thermo-driven self-assembly of a PEG-containing amphiphile in a bilayer membrane. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25758-25762. [PMID: 35518572 PMCID: PMC9055338 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03920a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of lipid molecules in a plasma membrane, namely lipid raft formation, is involved in various dynamic functions of cells. Inspired by the raft formation observed in the cells, here we studied thermally induced self-assembly of a synthetic amphiphile, bola-AkDPA, in a bilayer membrane. The synthetic amphiphile consists of a hydrophobic unit including fluorescent aromatic and aliphatic components and hydrophilic tetraethylene glycol chains attached at both ends of the hydrophobic unit. In a polar solvent, bola-AkDPA formed aggregates to show excimer emission. In a lipid bilayer membrane, bola-AkDPA showed intensified excimer emission upon increase of its concentration or elevation of the temperature; bola-type amphiphiles containing oligoethylene glycol chains likely tend to form self-assemblies in a bilayer membrane triggered by thermal stimuli. A synthetic multi-block amphiphile containing oligoethylene glycol chains formed a self-assembly in a bilayer membrane triggered by thermal stimuli.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Muraoka
- Department of Life Science and Technology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Kazushi Kinbara
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology
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41
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Donthamsetti PC, Broichhagen J, Vyklicky V, Stanley C, Fu Z, Visel M, Levitz JL, Javitch JA, Trauner D, Isacoff EY. Genetically Targeted Optical Control of an Endogenous G Protein-Coupled Receptor. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11522-11530. [PMID: 31291105 PMCID: PMC7271769 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins that play important roles in biology. However, our understanding of their function in complex living systems is limited because we lack tools that can target individual receptors with sufficient precision. State-of-the-art approaches, including DREADDs, optoXRs, and PORTL gated-receptors, control GPCR signaling with molecular, cell type, and temporal specificity. Nonetheless, these tools are based on engineered non-native proteins that may (i) express at nonphysiological levels, (ii) localize and turnover incorrectly, and/or (iii) fail to interact with endogenous partners. Alternatively, membrane-anchored ligands (t-toxins, DARTs) target endogenous receptors with molecular and cell type specificity but cannot be turned on and off. In this study, we used a combination of chemistry, biology, and light to control endogenous metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2), a Family C GPCR, in primary cortical neurons. mGluR2 was rapidly, reversibly, and selectively activated with photoswitchable glutamate tethered to a genetically targeted-plasma membrane anchor (membrane anchored Photoswitchable Orthogonal Remotely Tethered Ligand; maPORTL). Photoactivation was tuned by adjusting the length of the PORTL as well as the expression level and geometry of the membrane anchor. Our findings provide a template for controlling endogenous GPCRs with cell type specificity and high spatiotemporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant C. Donthamsetti
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vojtech Vyklicky
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cherise Stanley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhu Fu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Meike Visel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joshua L. Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10024, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry & Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Ehud Y. Isacoff
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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42
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Optical control of sphingosine-1-phosphate formation and function. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:623-631. [PMID: 31036923 PMCID: PMC7428055 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays important roles as a signaling lipid in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. S1P signals via a family of G protein-coupled receptors (S1P1–5) and intracellular targets. Here, we report on photoswitchable analogs of S1P and its precursor sphingosine, respectively termed PhotoS1P and PhotoSph. PhotoS1P enables optical control of S1P1–3, shown through electrophysiology and Ca2+ mobilization assays. We evaluated PhotoS1Pin vivo, where it reversibly controlled S1P3-dependent pain hypersensitivity in mice. The hypersensitivity induced by PhotoS1P is comparable to that induced by S1P. PhotoS1P is uniquely suited for the study of S1P biology in cultured cells and in vivo because it exhibits prolonged metabolic stability compared to the rapidly metabolized S1P. Using lipid mass spectrometry analysis, we constructed a metabolic map of PhotoS1P and PhotoSph. The formation of these photoswitchable lipids was found to be light-dependent, providing a novel approach to optically probe sphingolipid biology.
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43
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Morstein J, Awale M, Reymond JL, Trauner D. Mapping the Azolog Space Enables the Optical Control of New Biological Targets. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:607-618. [PMID: 31041380 PMCID: PMC6487453 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Photopharmacology relies on molecules that change their biological activity upon irradiation. Many of these are derived from known drugs by replacing their core with an isosteric azobenzene photoswitch (azologization). The question is how many of the known bioactive ligands could be addressed in such a way. Here, we systematically assess the space of molecules amenable to azologization from databases of bioactive molecules (DrugBank, PDB, CHEMBL) and the Cambridge Structural Database. Shape similarity scoring functions (3DAPfp) and analyses of dihedral angles are employed to quantify the structural homology between a bioactive molecule and the cis or trans isomer of its corresponding azolog ("azoster") and assess which isomer is likely to be active. Our analysis suggests that a very large number of bioactive ligands (>40 000) is amenable to azologization and that many new biological targets could be addressed with photopharmacology. N-Aryl benzamides, 1,2-diarylethanes, and benzyl phenyl ethers are particularly suited for this approach, while benzylanilines and sulfonamides appear to be less well-matched. On the basis of our analysis, the majority of azosters are expected to be active in their trans form. The broad applicability of our approach is demonstrated with photoswitches that target a nuclear hormone receptor (RAR) and a lipid processing enzyme (LTA4 hydrolase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Morstein
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003-6699, United States
| | - Mahendra Awale
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center for Competence in Research
NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center for Competence in Research
NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003-6699, United States
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44
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Rustler K, Maleeva G, Bregestovski P, König B. Azologization of serotonin 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:780-788. [PMID: 30992726 PMCID: PMC6444460 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor (5-HT3R) plays a unique role within the seven classes of the serotonin receptor family, as it represents the only ionotropic receptor, while the other six members are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The 5-HT3 receptor is related to chemo-/radiotherapy provoked emesis and dysfunction leads to neurodevelopmental disorders and psychopathologies. Since the development of the first serotonin receptor antagonist in the early 1990s, the range of highly selective and potent drugs expanded based on various chemical structures. Nevertheless, on-off-targeting of a pharmacophore’s activity with high spatiotemporal resolution as provided by photopharmacology remains an unsolved challenge bearing additionally the opportunity for detailed receptor examination. In the presented work, we summarize the synthesis, photochromic properties and in vitro characterization of azobenzene-based photochromic derivatives of published 5-HT3R antagonists. Despite reported proof of principle of direct azologization, only one of the investigated derivatives showed antagonistic activity lacking isomer specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Rustler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Galyna Maleeva
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Piotr Bregestovski
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, 13005 Marseille, France.,Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.,Institute of Neurosciences, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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45
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Strauss MA, Wegner HA. Influence of an Ammonium Tag on the Switching Dynamics of Azobenzenes in Polar Solvents. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A. Strauss
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
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46
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Pianowski ZL. Recent Implementations of Molecular Photoswitches into Smart Materials and Biological Systems. Chemistry 2019; 25:5128-5144. [PMID: 30614091 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Light is a nearly ideal stimulus for molecular systems. It delivers information encoded in the form of wavelengths and their intensities with high precision in space and time. Light is a mild trigger that does not permanently contaminate targeted samples. Its energy can be reversibly transformed into molecular motion, polarity, or flexibility changes. This leads to sophisticated functions at the supramolecular and macroscopic levels, from light-triggered nanomaterials to photocontrol over biological systems. New methods and molecular adapters of light are reported almost daily. Recently reported applications of photoresponsive systems, particularly azobenzenes, spiropyrans, diarylethenes, and indigoids, for smart materials and photocontrol of biological setups are described herein with the aim to demonstrate that the 21st century has become the Age of Enlightenment-"Le siècle des Lumières"-in molecular sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew L Pianowski
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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47
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Kol M, Williams B, Toombs-Ruane H, Franquelim HG, Korneev S, Schroeer C, Schwille P, Trauner D, Holthuis JC, Frank JA. Optical manipulation of sphingolipid biosynthesis using photoswitchable ceramides. eLife 2019; 8:43230. [PMID: 30720434 PMCID: PMC6386522 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are central intermediates of sphingolipid metabolism that also function as potent messengers in stress signaling and apoptosis. Progress in understanding how ceramides execute their biological roles is hampered by a lack of methods to manipulate their cellular levels and metabolic fate with appropriate spatiotemporal precision. Here, we report on clickable, azobenzene-containing ceramides, caCers, as photoswitchable metabolic substrates to exert optical control over sphingolipid production in cells. Combining atomic force microscopy on model bilayers with metabolic tracing studies in cells, we demonstrate that light-induced alterations in the lateral packing of caCers lead to marked differences in their metabolic conversion by sphingomyelin synthase and glucosylceramide synthase. These changes in metabolic rates are instant and reversible over several cycles of photoswitching. Our findings disclose new opportunities to probe the causal roles of ceramides and their metabolic derivatives in a wide array of sphingolipid-dependent cellular processes with the spatiotemporal precision of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Kol
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ben Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henry Toombs-Ruane
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henri G Franquelim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sergei Korneev
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christian Schroeer
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Joost Cm Holthuis
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - James A Frank
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
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48
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Gaur P, Kucherak OA, Ermakova YG, Shvadchak VV, Yushchenko DA. Nitrobenzyl-based fluorescent photocages for spatial and temporal control of signalling lipids in cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12288-12291. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05602e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a set of fluorescent cages prepared by tethering fluorescent dyes to a photolabile group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Gaur
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences
- 16610 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Oleksandr A. Kucherak
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences
- 16610 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Yulia G. Ermakova
- Cell Biology & Biophysics Unit
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)
- 69117 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Volodymyr V. Shvadchak
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences
- 16610 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Dmytro A. Yushchenko
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences
- 16610 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
- Group of Bioconjugation Chemistry
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49
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Reise F, Warias JE, Chatterjee K, Krekiehn NR, Magnussen O, Murphy BM, Lindhorst TK. Photoswitchable Glycolipid Mimetics: Synthesis and Photochromic Properties of Glycoazobenzene Amphiphiles. Chemistry 2018; 24:17497-17505. [PMID: 30257037 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glycolipids as constituents of cell membranes play an important role in cell membrane functioning. To enable the structural modification of membranes on demand, embedding of photosensitive glycolipid mimetics was envisioned and novel amphiphilic glycolipid mimetics comprising a photoswitchable azobenzene unit were synthesized. In this study, the photochromic properties of these glycolipid mimetics were analyzed by means of UV/Vis spectroscopy and reversible photoswitching. The glycolipids were based on a racemic glycerolipid derivative to be comparable in DPPC (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) phospholipid membrane monolayers. Carbohydrate head groups were altered between a β-glucoside and a β-lactosyl unit, as well as acyl chain lengths between C12 and C16, resulting in altered photoswitching. Langmuir isotherms showed that photoswitching of Langmuir films comprising the synthetic photosensitive glycoamphiphiles was successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Reise
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonas E Warias
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 11-19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 11-19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolai R Krekiehn
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 11-19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 11-19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bridget M Murphy
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 11-19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thisbe K Lindhorst
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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50
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Urban P, Pritzl SD, Konrad DB, Frank JA, Pernpeintner C, Roeske CR, Trauner D, Lohmüller T. Light-Controlled Lipid Interaction and Membrane Organization in Photolipid Bilayer Vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13368-13374. [PMID: 30346771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlling lateral interactions between lipid molecules in a bilayer membrane to guide membrane organization and domain formation is a key factor for studying and emulating membrane functionality in synthetic biological systems. Here, we demonstrate an approach to reversibly control lipid organization, domain formation, and membrane stiffness of phospholipid bilayer membranes using the photoswitchable phospholipid azo-PC. azo-PC contains an azobenzene group in the sn2 acyl chain that undergoes reversible photoisomerization on illumination with UV-A and visible light. We demonstrate that the concentration of the photolipid molecules and also the assembly and disassembly of photolipids into lipid domains can be monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy because of a blue shift induced by photolipid aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Urban
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstraße 54 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| | - Stefanie D Pritzl
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstraße 54 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| | - David B Konrad
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstraße 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - James A Frank
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstraße 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Carla Pernpeintner
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstraße 54 , 80799 Munich , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| | - Christian R Roeske
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstraße 54 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstraße 5-13 , 81377 Munich , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , Silver Center, 100 Washington Square East, Room 712 , New York 10003 , United States
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| | - Theobald Lohmüller
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstraße 54 , 80799 Munich , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
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