1
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Yuan Y, Flynn S, Li X, Liu H, Wang J, Li Y. Wide Bandgap Polymer Donors Based on Succinimide-Substituted Thiophene for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400275. [PMID: 38830087 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The advent of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) has greatly improved the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, to compete with other solar cell technologies, there is a pressing need for accelerated research and development of improved NFAs as well as their compatible wide bandgap polymer donors. In this study, a novel electron-withdrawing building block, succinimide-substituted thiophene (TS), is utilized for the first time to synthesize three wide bandgap polymer donors: PBDT-TS-C5, PBDT-TSBT-C12, and PBDTF-TSBT-C16. These polymers exhibit complementary bandgaps for efficient sunlight harvesting and suitable frontier energy levels for exciton dissociation when paired with the extensively studied NFA, Y6. Among these donors, PBDTF-TSBT-C16 demonstrates the highest hole mobility and a relatively low highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, attributed to the incorporation of thiophene spacers and electron-withdrawing fluorine substituents. OSC devices based on the blend of PBDTF-TSBT-C16:Y6 achieve the highest power conversion efficiency of 13.21%, with a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 26.83 mA cm-2, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.80 V, and a fill factor of 0.62. Notably, the Voc × Jsc product reaches 21.46 mW cm-2, demonstrating the potential of TS as an electron acceptor building block for the development of high-performance wide bandgap polymer donors in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Scott Flynn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Jinshui District, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Jinshui District, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Jinshui District, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Yuning Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
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2
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Alam S, Sim S, Li MQ, Chang BJ, Lee J. Recent Progress in Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells: Photoabsorbent Materials and Design Strategies. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:493. [PMID: 38675304 PMCID: PMC11051828 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The increasing energy demands of the global community can be met with solar energy. Solution-processed organic solar cells have seen great progress in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) have made enormous progress in recent years and have been considered one of the most promising solar cell technologies for applications in building-integrated windows, agricultural greenhouses, and wearable energy resources. Therefore, through the synergistic efforts of transparent electrodes, engineering in near-infrared photoabsorbent materials, and device engineering, high-performance ST-OSCs have developed, and PCE and average visible transmittance reach over 10% and 40%, respectively. In this review, we present the recent progress in photoabsorbent material engineering and strategies for enhancing the performance of ST-OSCs to help researchers gain a better understanding of structure-property-performance relationships. To conclude, new design concepts in material engineering and outlook are proposed to facilitate the further development of high-performance ST-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabaz Alam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.A.); (S.S.); (M.Q.L.)
| | - Suhui Sim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.A.); (S.S.); (M.Q.L.)
| | - Meng Qiang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.A.); (S.S.); (M.Q.L.)
| | - Bong-Jun Chang
- Interface Materials and Chemical Engineering Research Center, Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.A.); (S.S.); (M.Q.L.)
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3
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Zhang H, Mao R, Yuan L, Wang Y, Liu W, Wang J, Tai H, Jiang Y. Near-Infrared Organic Photodetectors with Spectral Response over 1200 nm Adopting a Thieno[3,4- c]thiadiazole-Based Acceptor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9088-9097. [PMID: 38319245 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The nonclassical ten-pi-electron 5,5-fused thieno[3,4-c]thiadiazole (TTD) unit is an excellent building block for constructing sub-silicon-band gap organic semiconductors. However, no small molecule acceptor (SMA) materials based on TTD have been reported despite the fact that high-sensitivity near-infrared organic photodetectors (OPDs) are generally achieved by using SMAs. In this work, we report a TTD-based narrow band gap (0.95 eV) SMA material TTD(DTC-2FIC)2 with strong near-infrared absorption. Employing PTB7-Th as a donor, OPDs based on TTD(DTC-2FIC)2 exhibit an optimized responsivity of 0.095 (±0.007) A W-1 at 1100 nm and sustain a decent responsivity of 0.074 (±0.008) A W-1 at 1200 nm. Moreover, a good specific detectivity over 1 × 1011 Jones is achieved at a wavelength of 1200 nm. Detailed characterizations imply that the performance of TTD(DTC-2FIC)2-based OPDs may be substantially improved by choosing lower-mixing donors with shallower energy levels. This work demonstrates that SMAs incorporating TTD as the core unit hold promise for constructing high-sensitivity sub-silicon-band gap OPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Rui Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Liu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
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4
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Abousamra WH, Thomas D, Yang D, Islam SM, Winstead C, Kim YG. Synthesis and Characterization of the Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymer PBDB-T Implementing Group IV Element Germanium. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2429. [PMID: 37299228 PMCID: PMC10255165 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we synthesized and characterized a novel two-dimensional (2D) conjugated electron donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymer (PBDB-T-Ge), wherein the substituent of triethyl germanium was added to the electron donor unit of the polymer. The Turbo-Grignard reaction was used to implement the group IV element into the polymer, resulting in a yield of 86%. This corresponding polymer, PBDB-T-Ge, exhibited a down-shift in the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level to -5.45 eV while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level was -3.64 eV. The peaks in UV-Vis absorption and the PL emission of PBDB-T-Ge were observed at 484 nm and 615 nm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Young-Gi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA
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5
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Bi P, Wang J, Cui Y, Zhang J, Zhang T, Chen Z, Qiao J, Dai J, Zhang S, Hao X, Wei Z, Hou J. Enhancing Photon Utilization Efficiency for High-Performance Organic Photovoltaic Cells via Regulating Phase-Transition Kinetics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210865. [PMID: 36715105 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Efficient photon utilization is key to achieving high-performance organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. In this study, a multiscale fibril network morphology in a PBQx-TCl:PBDB-TF:eC9-2Cl-based system is constructed by regulating donor and acceptor phase-transition kinetics. The distinctive phase-transition process and crystal size are systematically investigated. PBQx-TCl and eC9-2Cl form fibril structures with diameters of ≈25 nm in ternary films. Additionally, fine fibrils assembled by PBDB-TF are uniformly distributed over the fibril networks of PBQx-TCl and eC9-2Cl. The ideal multiscale fibril network morphology enables the ternary system to achieve superior charge transfer and transport processes compared to binary systems; these improvements promote enhanced photon utilization efficiency. Finally, a high power conversion efficiency of 19.51% in a single-junction OPV cell is achieved. The external quantum efficiency of the optimized ternary cell exceeds 85% over a wide range of 500-800 nm. A tandem OPV cell is also fabricated to increase solar photon absorption. The tandem cell has an excellent PCE of more than 20%. This study provides guidance for constructing an ideal multiscale fibril network morphology and improving the photon utilization efficiency of OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbo Dai
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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6
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Wang T, Chen ZH, Qiao JW, Qin W, Liu JQ, Wang XZ, Pu YJ, Yin H, Hao XT. Correlating Charge Transfer Dynamics with Interfacial Trap States in High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12109-12118. [PMID: 36813758 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The charge transfer between the donor and acceptor determines the photogenerated carrier density in organic solar cells. However, a fundamental understanding regarding the charge transfer at donor/acceptor interfaces with high-density traps has not been fully addressed. Herein, a general correlation between trap densities and charge transfer dynamics is established by adopting a series of high-efficiency organic photovoltaic blends. It is found that the electron transfer rates are reduced with increased trap densities, while the hole transfer rates are independent of trap states. The local charges captured by traps can induce potential barrier formation around recombination centers, leading to the suppression of electron transfer. For the hole transfer process, the thermal energy provides a sufficient driving force, which ensures an efficient transfer rate. As a result, a 17.18% efficiency is obtained for PM6:BTP-eC9-based devices with the lowest interfacial trap densities. This work highlights the importance of interfacial traps in charge transfer processes and proposes an underlying insight into the charge transfer mechanism at nonideal interfaces in organic heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Wei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xing-Zhu Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Wang X, Tan X, Luo G, Huang J, Chen G. Weak Electron-Deficient Building Block Containing O–B ← N Bonds for Polymer Donors. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Xueyan Tan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Genggeng Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
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8
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Bertrandie J, Han J, De Castro CSP, Yengel E, Gorenflot J, Anthopoulos T, Laquai F, Sharma A, Baran D. The Energy Level Conundrum of Organic Semiconductors in Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202575. [PMID: 35789000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The frontier molecular energy levels of organic semiconductors are decisive for their fundamental function and efficiency in optoelectronics. However, the precise determination of these energy levels and their variation when using different techniques makes it hard to compare and establish design rules. In this work, the energy levels of 33 organic semiconductors via cyclic voltammetry (CV), density functional theory, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and low-energy inverse photoelectron spectroscopy are determined. Solar cells are fabricated to obtain key device parameters and relate them to the significant differences in the energy levels and offsets obtained from different methods. In contrast to CV, the photovoltaic gap measured using photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) correlates well with the experimental device VOC . It is demonstrated that high-performing systems such as PM6:Y6 and WF3F:Y6, which are previously reported to have negligible ionization energy (IE) offsets (ΔIE), possess sizable ΔIE of ≈0.5 eV, determined by PES. Using various D-A blends, it is demonstrated that ΔIE plays a key role in charge generation. In contrast to earlier reports, it is shown that a vanishing ΔIE is detrimental to device performance. Overall, these findings establish a solid base for reliably evaluating material energetics and interpreting property-performance relationships in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Bertrandie
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianhua Han
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine S P De Castro
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yengel
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Julien Gorenflot
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Anthopoulos
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Frederic Laquai
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anirudh Sharma
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Derya Baran
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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9
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Zhang G, Lin FR, Qi F, Heumüller T, Distler A, Egelhaaf HJ, Li N, Chow PCY, Brabec CJ, Jen AKY, Yip HL. Renewed Prospects for Organic Photovoltaics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14180-14274. [PMID: 35929847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have progressed steadily through three stages of photoactive materials development: (i) use of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullerene-based acceptors (FAs) for optimizing bulk heterojunctions; (ii) development of new donors to better match with FAs; (iii) development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). The development and application of NFAs with an A-D-A configuration (where A = acceptor and D = donor) has enabled devices to have efficient charge generation and small energy losses (Eloss < 0.6 eV), resulting in substantially higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) than FA-based devices. The discovery of Y6-type acceptors (Y6 = 2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-e]-thieno[2″,3″:4',5']thieno-[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo-[3,2-g]thieno-[2',3':4,5]thieno-[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile) with an A-DA' D-A configuration has further propelled the PCEs to go beyond 15% due to smaller Eloss values (∼0.5 eV) and higher external quantum efficiencies. Subsequently, the PCEs of Y6-series single-junction devices have increased to >19% and may soon approach 20%. This review provides an update of recent progress of OPV in the following aspects: developments of novel NFAs and donors, understanding of the structure-property relationships and underlying mechanisms of state-of-the-art OPVs, and tasks underpinning the commercialization of OPVs, such as device stability, module development, potential applications, and high-throughput manufacturing. Finally, an outlook and prospects section summarizes the remaining challenges for the further development of OPV technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guichuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas Heumüller
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Distler
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Philip C Y Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Zhu J, Liu Y, Huang S, Wen S, Bao X, Cai M, Li J. Impact of backbone linkage positions on the molecular aggregation behavior of polymer photovoltaic materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17462-17470. [PMID: 35670087 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is imperative to advance the structural design of conjugated materials to achieve a practical impact on the performance of photovoltaic devices. However, the effect of the linkage positions (meta-, para-) of the backbone on the molecular packing has been relatively little explored. In this study, we have synthesized two wide-bandgap polymer photovoltaic materials from identical monomers with different linkage positions, using dibenzo[c,h][2,6]-naphthyridine-5,11-(6H,12H)-dione (DBND) as the building block. This study shows that the para-connected polymer exhibits an unexpected 0.2 eV higher ionization potential and a resultant higher open-circuit voltage than the meta-connected counterpart. We found that different linkage positions result in different intermolecular binding energies and molecular aggregation conformations, leading to different HOMO energy levels and photovoltaic performances. Specifically, theoretical calculations and 2D-NMR indicate that P(p-DBND-f-2T) performs a segregated stacking of f-2T and DBND units, while P(m-DBND-f-2T) films form π-overlaps between f-2T and DBND. These results show that linkage position adjustment on the polymeric backbone exerts a profound influence on the molecular aggregation of the materials. Also, the effect of isomerism on the polymer backbone is crucial in designing polymer structures for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China. .,Research and Development Center of Aluminum-ion Battery, College of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shuguang Wen
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xichang Bao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Mian Cai
- Research and Development Center of Aluminum-ion Battery, College of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Jingwen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
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11
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Yuan Y, Kumar P, Ngai JHL, Gao X, Li X, Liu H, Wang J, Li Y. Wide Bandgap Polymer Donor with Acrylate Side Chains for Non-Fullerene Acceptor-based Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200325. [PMID: 35524946 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors inherently have a low dielectric constant and hence high exciton binding energy, which is largely responsible for the rather low power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells as well as the requirements to achieve delicate bulk-heterojunction nanophase separation in the active layer. In this study, we use methyl acrylate as a weakly electron-withdrawing side chain for the electron rich thiophene to prepare a new building block, methyl thiophene-3-acrylate (TA), with increased polarity. A wide bandgap polymer PBDT-TA synthesized using TA and a benzodithiophene (BDT) monomer shows increased dielectric constant and reduced exciton binding energy compared to the analogous polymer PBDT-TC, which is made of BDT and methyl thiophene-3-carboxylate (TC). An organic solar cell device based on PBDT-TA:ITIC also achieves a higher power conversion efficiency of 10.47% than that of the PBDT-TC:ITIC based solar cell (9.68%). This work demonstrates the effectiveness of using acrylate side chains to increase the dielectric constant, reduce the exciton binding energy, and enhance the solar cell efficiency of polymer semiconductors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jenner H L Ngai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xiguang Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Yuning Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
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12
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End-capped group modification on cyclopentadithiophene based non-fullerene small molecule acceptors for efficient organic solar cells; a DFT approach. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 113:108162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Liu Z, Mao Q, Wang J, Wu F, Zhou D, Cheng Y, Huang S, Huang B, Yang C, Chen L. Exploiting Novel Unfused-Ring Acceptor for Efficient Organic Solar Cells with Record Open-Circuit Voltage and Fill Factor. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102563. [PMID: 34964305 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unfused-ring acceptors (UFAs) show bright application prospects in organic solar cells (OSCs) thanks to their easy synthesis, low cost, and good device performance. The selection of central-core building block and suitable side chain are the key factors to achieve high-performance UFAs. Current tremendous endeavors for the development of UFAs mainly concentrate on obtaining higher short-circuit current density (Jsc ), albeit accompanied by low open-circuit voltage (Voc ) and modest fill factor (FF). Herein, two novel A-D-A'-D-A type UFAs (BTCD-IC and BTCD-2FIC), which have the same new electron-withdrawing central-core dithieno[3',2':3,4;2'',3'':5,6]-benzo[1,2-c][1,2,5]thiadia-zole (DTBT) and cyclopentadithiophene unit (CPDT, substituted by 2-butyl-1-octyl alkyl chain) coupling with different terminals, were designed and synthesized. Two UFAs showed strong and broad light absorption in the wavelength range of 300-850 nm owing to the strong intramolecular charge transfer effect favorable by DTBT core. Compared with BTCD-IC, BTCD-2FIC with F-containing terminal group exhibited higher molar extinction coefficient, lower energy level, higher charge mobility, stronger crystallinity, more ordered molecular stacking, and better film morphology. As a result, when blended with donor polymer PBDB-T (poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene)-co-(1,3-di(5-thiophene-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']-dithiophene-4,8-dione)]), the BTCD-2FIC-based OSC achieved a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.32 %, with a high Voc of 0.85 V, a Jsc of 18.24 mA cm-2 , and a FF of 73 %, than BTCD-IC-based OSC (PCE=8.96 %). Impressively, the simultaneously enhanced Voc and FF values of the PBDB-T:BTCD-2FIC device were the highest values of the A-D-A'-D-A-type UFAs. The results demonstrate the application of electron-withdrawing DTBT central-core unit in efficient UFAs provides meaningful molecular design guidance for high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoji Liu
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Qilong Mao
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Feiyan Wu
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Cheng
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Shaorong Huang
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- School of Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Ke Jia Road, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Lie Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
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14
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Abstract
The thin-film organic solar cells (OSCs) are currently one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies to effectively harvest the solar energy due to their attractive features of mechanical flexibility, light weight, low-cost manufacturing, and solution-processed large-scale fabrication, etc. However, the relative insufficient light absorption, short exciton diffusion distance, and low carrier mobility of the OSCs determine the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices are relatively lower than their inorganic photovoltaic counterparts. To conquer the challenges, the two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, which have excellent photoelectric properties, tunable energy band structure, and solvent compatibility etc., exhibit the great potential to enhance the performance of the OSCs. In this review, we summarize the most recent successful applications of the 2D materials, including graphene, black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenides, and g-C3N4, etc., adapted in the charge transporting layer, the active layer, and the electrode of the OSCs, respectively, for boosting the PCE and stability of the devices. The strengths and weaknesses of the 2D materials in the application of OSCs are also reviewed in details. Additionally, the challenges, commercialization potentials, and prospects for the further development of 2D materials-based OSCs are outlined in the end.
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15
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Nho HW, Park WW, Lee B, Kim S, Yang C, Kwon OH. Intrachain photophysics of a donor-acceptor copolymer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:1982-1992. [PMID: 34897314 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04093f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
By taking advantage of bulk-heterojunction structures formed by blending conjugated donor polymers and non-fullerene acceptors, organic photovoltaic devices have recently attained promising power conversion efficiencies of above 18%. For optimizing organic photovoltaic devices, it is essential to understand the elementary processes that constitute light harvesters. Utilising femtosecond-resolved spectroscopic techniques that can access the timescales of locally excited (LE) state and charge-transfer (CT)/-separated (CS) states, herein we explored their photophysics in single chains of the top-notch performance donor-acceptor polymer, PM6, which has been widely used as a donor in state-of-the-art non-fullerene organic photovoltaic devices, in a single LE state per chain regime. Our observations revealed the ultrafast formation of a CT state and its equilibrium with the parent LE state. From the chain-length dependence of their lifetimes, the equilibrated states were found to idle until they reach a chain folding. At the chain folding, the CT state transforms into an interchain CT state that bifurcates into forming a CS state or annihilation within a picosecond. The observation of prevalent nonexponential behaviour in the relaxation of the transient species is attributed to the wide chain-length distribution that determines the emergence of the chain foldings in a single chain, thus, the lifetime of a LE and equilibrated CT states. Our findings indicate that the abundance of chain folding, where the generation of the "reactive" CS state is initiated from the interchain CT state, is essential for maximising charge carriers in organic photovoltaic devices based on PM6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Won Nho
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Room 415, Advanced Material Research Building (103), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Woo Park
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Room 415, Advanced Material Research Building (103), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byongkyu Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Room 701-4, 2nd Engineering Building (104), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seoyoung Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Room 701-4, 2nd Engineering Building (104), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Room 701-4, 2nd Engineering Building (104), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Oh-Hoon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Room 415, Advanced Material Research Building (103), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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16
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Huang B, Cheng Y, Jin H, Liu J, Huang X, Cui Y, Liao X, Yang C, Ma Z, Chen L. Alkylsilyl Fused Ring-Based Polymer Donor for Non-Fullerene Solar Cells with Record Open Circuit Voltage and Energy Loss. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104451. [PMID: 34643026 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The energy loss (Eloss ), especially the nonradiative recombination loss and energetic disorder, needs to be minimized to improve the device performance with a small voltage (VOC ) loss. Urbach energy (EU ) of organic photovoltaic materials is related to energetic disorder, which can predict the Eloss of the corresponding device. Herein, a polymer donor (PBDS-TCl) with Si and Cl functional atoms for organic solar cells (OSCs) is synthesized. It can be found that the VOC and Eloss can be well manipulated by regulation of the energy level of the polymer donor and EU , which is dominated by the morphology. A low energetic disorder with an EU of 23.7 meV, a low driving force of 0.08 eV, and a low Eloss of 0.41 eV are achieved for the PBDS-TCl:Y6-based OSCs. Consequently, an impressive open circuit voltage (VOC ) of 0.92 V is obtained. To the best of knowledge, the VOC value and Eloss are both the record values for the Y6-based device. These results demonstrate that fine-tuning the polymer donor by functional atom modification on the side chain is a promising way to reduce EU and energy loss, as well as obtain small driving force and high VOC for highly efficient OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Ke Jia Avenue, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yujun Cheng
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Hui Jin
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jiabin Liu
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Xuexiang Huang
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Cui
- Institute of Advanced Scientific Research (iASR), Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xunfan Liao
- Institute of Advanced Scientific Research (iASR), Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lie Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
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17
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Zhou X, Wu H, Lin B, Naveed HB, Xin J, Bi Z, Zhou K, Ma Y, Tang Z, Zhao C, Zheng Q, Ma Z, Ma W. Different Morphology Dependence for Efficient Indoor Organic Photovoltaics: The Role of the Leakage Current and Recombination Losses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44604-44614. [PMID: 34499484 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient indoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have attracted strong attention for their application in indoor electronic devices. However, the route to optimal photoactive film morphology toward high-performance indoor devices has remained obscure. The leakage current dominated by morphology exerts distinguishing influence on the performance under different illuminations. We have demonstrated that morphology reoptimization plays an important role in indoor OPVs, and their optimal structural features are different from what we laid out for outdoor devices. For indoor OPVs, in order to facilitate low leakage current, it is essential to enhance the crystallinity, phase separation, and domain purity, as well as keeping small surface roughness of the active layer. Furthermore, considering the reduced bimolecular recombination at low light intensity, we have shown that PM6:M36-based indoor devices can work effectively with a large ratio of the donor and acceptor. Our work correlating structure-performance relation and the route to optimal morphology outlines the control over device leakage current and recombination losses boosting the progress of efficient indoor OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hafiz Bilal Naveed
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qingdong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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18
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Yamanaka K, Saito M, Mikie T, Osaka I. Effect of Ester Side Chains on Photovoltaic Performance in Thiophene-Thiazolothiazole Copolymers. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Masahiko Saito
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Mikie
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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19
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Keshtov ML, Konstantinov IO, Kuklin SA, Khokhlov AR, Ostapov IE, Xie Z, Komarov PV, Alekseev VG, Dahiya H, Sharma GD. High‐Performance Fullerene Free Polymer Solar Cells Based on New Thiazole ‐Functionalized Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene D‐A Copolymer Donors. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukhamed. L. Keshtov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Igor O. Konstantinov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Sergei A. Kuklin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei R. Khokhlov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Physics of Polymers and Crystals Faculty of Physics M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory 1 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Ilya E. Ostapov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Physics of Polymers and Crystals Faculty of Physics M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory 1 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun China
| | - Pavel V. Komarov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- Tver State University Sadovyi per. 35 Tver 170002 Russia
| | | | - Hemraj Dahiya
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology, Jamdoli Jaipur (Raj.) 302031 India
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology, Jamdoli Jaipur (Raj.) 302031 India
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20
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Liu F, Zhou L, Liu W, Zhou Z, Yue Q, Zheng W, Sun R, Liu W, Xu S, Fan H, Feng L, Yi Y, Zhang W, Zhu X. Organic Solar Cells with 18% Efficiency Enabled by an Alloy Acceptor: A Two-in-One Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100830. [PMID: 34048104 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The trade-off between the open-circuit voltage (Voc ) and short-circuit current density (Jsc ) has become the core of current organic photovoltaic research, and realizing the minimum energy offsets that can guarantee effective charge generation is strongly desired for high-performance systems. Herein, a high-performance ternary solar cell with a power conversion efficiency of over 18% using a large-bandgap polymer donor, PM6, and a small-bandgap alloy acceptor containing two structurally similar nonfullerene acceptors (Y6 and AQx-3) is reported. This system can take full advantage of solar irradiation and forms a favorable morphology. By varying the ratio of the two acceptors, delicate regulation of the energy levels of the alloy acceptor is achieved, thereby affecting the charge dynamics in the devices. The optimal ternary device exhibits more efficient hole transfer and exciton separation than the PM6:AQx-3-based system and reduced energy loss compared with the PM6:Y6-based system, contributing to better performance. Such a "two-in-one" alloy strategy, which synergizes two highly compatible acceptors, provides a promising path for boosting the photovoltaic performance of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wenrui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zichun Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qihui Yue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ri Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Wuyue Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haijun Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Liheng Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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21
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He B, Chen Y, Chen J, Chen S, Xiao M, Chen G, Dai C. Wide-bandgap donor polymers based on a dicyanodivinyl indacenodithiophene unit for non-fullerene polymer solar cells. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21397-21404. [PMID: 35478821 PMCID: PMC9034166 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03233j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide-bandgap polymer donor with improved efficiency plays an important role in improving the photovoltaic performance of polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this study, two novel wide-bandgap polymer donors, PBDT and PBDT-S, were designed and synthesized based on a dicyanodivinyl indacenodithiophene (IDT-CN) moiety, in which benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) building blocks and IDT-CN are used as electron-sufficient and -deficient units, respectively. In our study, the PBDT and PBDT-S polymer donors exhibited similar frontier-molecular-orbital energy levels and optical properties, and both copolymers showed good miscibility with the widely used narrow-bandgap small molecular acceptor Y6. Non-fullerene polymer solar cells (NF-PSCs) based on PBDT:Y6 exhibited an impressive power conversion efficiency of 10.04% with an open circuit voltage of 0.88 V, a short-circuit current density of 22.16 mA cm-2 and a fill factor of 51.31%, where the NF-PSCs based on PBDT-S:Y6 exhibited a moderate power conversion efficiency of 6.90%. The enhanced photovoltaic performance, realized by virtue of the improved short-circuit current density, can be attributed to the slightly enhanced electron mobility, higher exciton dissociation rates, more efficient charge collection and better nanoscale phase separation of the PBDT-based device. The results of this work indicate that the IDT-CN unit is a promising building block for constructing donor polymers for high-performance organic photovoltaic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baitian He
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Guangdong Engineering Technology Developing Center of High-Performance CCL Meizhou 514015 P. R. China
| | - Yulin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Guangdong Engineering Technology Developing Center of High-Performance CCL Meizhou 514015 P. R. China
| | - Jinglong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application (Ministry of Education), Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Songxi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Guangdong Engineering Technology Developing Center of High-Performance CCL Meizhou 514015 P. R. China
| | - Manjun Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application (Ministry of Education), Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Guiting Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Guangdong Engineering Technology Developing Center of High-Performance CCL Meizhou 514015 P. R. China
| | - Chuanbo Dai
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Guangdong Engineering Technology Developing Center of High-Performance CCL Meizhou 514015 P. R. China
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22
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He K, Kumar P, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Li X, Liu H, Wang J, Li Y. A Wide Bandgap Polymer Donor Composed of Benzodithiophene and Oxime-Substituted Thiophene for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26441-26450. [PMID: 34034487 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxime-substituted thiophene (TO) is used as an acceptor (A) unit to copolymerize with the benzodithiophene (BDT) donor (D) unit to form a novel D-A polymer donor, PBDTTO, which has a low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (EHOMO) of -5.60 eV and a wide bandgap of 2.03 eV, forming complementary absorption and matching energy levels with the narrow bandgap nonfullerene acceptors. Organic solar cells using PBDTTO and Y6 as the donor and acceptor, respectively, exhibited a JSC of 27.03 mA cm-2, a VOC of 0.83 V, and a fill factor of 0.59, reaching a high power conversion efficiency of 13.29%. The unencapsulated devices show good long-term stability in ambient air. Compared with the acceptor monomers used in other high-performance BDT-based D-A polymer donors, which are synthesized tediously in low yields, the TO acceptor monomer can be conveniently synthesized in only two steps with a high overall yield of 70%. These results demonstrate that TO unit can be used as a promising acceptor unit for developing BDT-based D-A polymer donors at low cost while maintaining high photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang He
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002A, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002A, China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002A, China
| | - Yuning Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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23
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Zhan J, Wang L, Zhang M, Zhu L, Hao T, Zhou G, Zhou Z, Chen J, Zhong W, Qiu C, Leng S, Zou Y, Shi Z, Zhu H, Feng W, Zhang M, Li Y, Zhang Y, Liu F. Manipulating Crystallization Kinetics of Conjugated Polymers in Nonfullerene Photovoltaic Blends toward Refined Morphologies and Higher Performances. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Zhan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Guanqing Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zichun Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shifeng Leng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yecheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo, Shandong 256401, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Shi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo, Shandong 256401, P. R. China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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24
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Wang X, Huang D, Han J, Hu L, Xiao C, Li Z, Yang R. Backbone Engineering with Asymmetric Core to Finely Tune Phase Separation for High-Performance All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:11108-11116. [PMID: 33635071 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain high-performance all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs), it is crucial to exploit the available strategy for molecular design and to further understand key structure-property relationship that can rationally control the blend nanomorphology and influence the physical process. In this work, we design two small molecule donors FBD-S1 and TBD-S2 with identical electron-withdrawing units but various asymmetric central cores, which exhibit differing phase separation in Y6-based blend films. It is found that TBD-S2 with increased phase separation between donor and acceptor can lead to more favorable interpenetrating networks, effective exciton dissociation, and enhanced and more balanced charge transport. Importantly, a remarkable PCE of 13.1% is obtained for TBD-S2:Y6 based ASM-OSCs, which is an attractive photovoltaic performance for ASM-OSCs. This result demonstrates that the central core modification at the atomic level for small molecule donors can delicately control the phase separation and optimize photophysical processes, and refines device performance, which facilitate development in the ASM-OSC research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunchang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Da Huang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jianhua Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Liwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Cong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Zhiya Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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25
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Karuthedath S, Gorenflot J, Firdaus Y, Chaturvedi N, De Castro CSP, Harrison GT, Khan JI, Markina A, Balawi AH, Peña TAD, Liu W, Liang RZ, Sharma A, Paleti SHK, Zhang W, Lin Y, Alarousu E, Lopatin S, Anjum DH, Beaujuge PM, De Wolf S, McCulloch I, Anthopoulos TD, Baran D, Andrienko D, Laquai F. Intrinsic efficiency limits in low-bandgap non-fullerene acceptor organic solar cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:378-384. [PMID: 33106652 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) both the electron affinity (EA) and ionization energy (IE) offsets at the donor-acceptor interface should equally control exciton dissociation. Here, we demonstrate that in low-bandgap non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) BHJs ultrafast donor-to-acceptor energy transfer precedes hole transfer from the acceptor to the donor and thus renders the EA offset virtually unimportant. Moreover, sizeable bulk IE offsets of about 0.5 eV are needed for efficient charge transfer and high internal quantum efficiencies, since energy level bending at the donor-NFA interface caused by the acceptors' quadrupole moments prevents efficient exciton-to-charge-transfer state conversion at low IE offsets. The same bending, however, is the origin of the barrier-less charge transfer state to free charge conversion. Our results provide a comprehensive picture of the photophysics of NFA-based blends, and show that sizeable bulk IE offsets are essential to design efficient BHJ OSCs based on low-bandgap NFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safakath Karuthedath
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Julien Gorenflot
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuliar Firdaus
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Neha Chaturvedi
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine S P De Castro
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - George T Harrison
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jafar I Khan
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed H Balawi
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ru-Ze Liang
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anirudh Sharma
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sri H K Paleti
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Weimin Zhang
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuanbao Lin
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Erkki Alarousu
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sergei Lopatin
- Imaging and Characterization Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalaver H Anjum
- Imaging and Characterization Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre M Beaujuge
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Iain McCulloch
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Derya Baran
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Frédéric Laquai
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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26
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Bai Y, Xue LW, Wang HQ, Zhang ZG. Research Advances on Benzotriazole-based Organic Photovoltaic Materials. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21050193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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27
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Liang J, Pan M, Chai G, Peng Z, Zhang J, Luo S, Han Q, Chen Y, Shang A, Bai F, Xu Y, Yu H, Lai JYL, Chen Q, Zhang M, Ade H, Yan H. Random Polymerization Strategy Leads to a Family of Donor Polymers Enabling Well-Controlled Morphology and Multiple Cases of High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003500. [PMID: 33185952 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing high-performance donor polymers is important for nonfullerene organic solar cells (NF-OSCs), as state-of-the-art nonfullerene acceptors can only perform well if they are coupled with a matching donor with suitable energy levels. However, there are very limited choices of donor polymers for NF-OSCs, and the most commonly used ones are polymers named PM6 and PM7, which suffer from several problems. First, the performance of these polymers (particularly PM7) relies on precise control of their molecular weights. Also, their optimal morphology is extremely sensitive to any structural modification. In this work, a family of donor polymers is developed based on a random polymerization strategy. These polymers can achieve well-controlled morphology and high-performance with a variety of chemical structures and molecular weights. The polymer donors are D-A1-D-A2-type random copolymers in which the D and A1 units are monomers originating from PM6 or PM7, while the A2 unit comprises an electron-deficient core flanked by two thiophene rings with branched alkyl chains. Consequently, multiple cases of highly efficient NF-OSCs are achieved with efficiencies between 16.0% and 17.1%. As the electron-deficient cores can be changed to many other structural units, the strategy can easily expand the choices of high-performance donor polymers for NF-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaen Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Mingao Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Gaoda Chai
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Siwei Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Qi Han
- eFlexPV Limited, Jinxiu Science Park, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yuzhong Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Ao Shang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Fujin Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- HKUST Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, SAR, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Joshua Yuk Lin Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Qing Chen
- HKUST Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, SAR, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
- eFlexPV Limited, Jinxiu Science Park, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9, Yuexing 1st RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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28
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Qiu D, Adil MA, Lu K, Wei Z. The Crystallinity Control of Polymer Donor Materials for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. Front Chem 2020; 8:603134. [PMID: 33330397 PMCID: PMC7732501 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.603134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) can be regarded as one of the most promising energy generation technologies for large-scale applications. Despite their several well-known drawbacks, the devices where polymers are employed as the donor are still leading the OSC universe in terms of performance. Such performance generally depends upon various critical factors such as the crystallinity of the material, the crystallization process during the film formation, and also the final film morphology. Despite a few reviews on the structure of the polymer donor materials and device performance, not enough attention has been paid toward the crystallinity problem. Herein, the structure and crystallinity of the representative polymer donor materials and the corresponding device properties have been briefly reviewed. Furthermore, several typical methods for controlling the crystallinity of materials have been summarized and illustrated as well. Moreover, the obstacles lying in the way of successful commercialization of such polymer solar cells have been systematically discussed. The in-depth interpretation of the crystallinity of the polymer donors in this article may stimulate novel ideas in material design and device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Qiu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Adil
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Hinrichsen TF, Chan CCS, Ma C, Paleček D, Gillett A, Chen S, Zou X, Zhang G, Yip HL, Wong KS, Friend RH, Yan H, Rao A, Chow PCY. Long-lived and disorder-free charge transfer states enable endothermic charge separation in efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5617. [PMID: 33154367 PMCID: PMC7645751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptors can show high charge generation yields despite near-zero donor–acceptor energy offsets to drive charge separation and overcome the mutual Coulomb attraction between electron and hole. Here, we use time-resolved optical spectroscopy to show that free charges in these systems are generated by thermally activated dissociation of interfacial charge-transfer states that occurs over hundreds of picoseconds at room temperature, three orders of magnitude slower than comparable fullerene-based systems. Upon free electron–hole encounters at later times, both charge-transfer states and emissive excitons are regenerated, thus setting up an equilibrium between excitons, charge-transfer states and free charges. Our results suggest that the formation of long-lived and disorder-free charge-transfer states in these systems enables them to operate closely to quasi-thermodynamic conditions with no requirement for energy offsets to drive interfacial charge separation and achieve suppressed non-radiative recombination. Designing efficient organic solar cells is limited by the energy required to overcome the mutual Coulomb attraction between electron and hole. Here, the authors reveal long-lived and disorder-free charge-transfer states enable efficient endothermic charge separation in non-fullerene systems with marginal energy offset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ture F Hinrichsen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Christopher C S Chan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,, Hong Kong, China
| | - David Paleček
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Alexander Gillett
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Shangshang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinhui Zou
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guichuan Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,, Hong Kong, China
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Philip C Y Chow
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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30
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Zhao H, Naveed HB, Lin B, Zhou X, Yuan J, Zhou K, Wu H, Guo R, Scheel MA, Chumakov A, Roth SV, Tang Z, Müller-Buschbaum P, Ma W. Hot Hydrocarbon-Solvent Slot-Die Coating Enables High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Temperature-Dependent Aggregation Behavior. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002302. [PMID: 32812287 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have made rapid progress in terms of their development as a sustainable energy source. However, record-breaking devices have not shown compatibility with large-scale production via solution processing in particular due to the use of halogenated environment-threatening solvents. Here, slot-die fabrication with processing involving hydrocarbon-based solvents is used to realize highly efficient and environmentally friendly OSCs. Highly compatible slot-die coating with roll-to-roll processing using halogenated (chlorobenzene (CB)) and hydrocarbon solvents (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (TMB) and ortho-xylene (o-XY)) is used to fabricate photoactive films. Controlled solution and substrate temperatures enable similar aggregation states in the solution and similar kinetics processes during film formation. The optimized blend film nanostructures for different solvents in the highly efficient PM6:Y6 blend is adopted to show a similar morphology, which results in device efficiencies of 15.2%, 15.4%, and 15.6% for CB, TMB, and o-XY solvents. This approach is successfully extended to other donor-acceptor combinations to demonstrate the excellent universality of this method. The results combine a method to optimize the aggregation state and film formation kinetics with the fabrication of OSCs with environmentally friendly solvents by slot-die coating, which is a critical finding for the future development of OSCs in terms of their scalable production and high-performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hafiz Bilal Naveed
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Renjun Guo
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Manuel A Scheel
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Andrei Chumakov
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, 22 603, Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, 22 603, Germany
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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31
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Wang R, Zhang C, Li Q, Zhang Z, Wang X, Xiao M. Charge Separation from an Intra-Moiety Intermediate State in the High-Performance PM6:Y6 Organic Photovoltaic Blend. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12751-12759. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qian Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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32
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Han H, Bai FJ, Wei R, Yu H, Guo YK, Yan H, Zhao DH. High Open-circuit Voltage and Low Voltage Loss in All-polymer Solar Cell with a Poly(coronenediimide-vinylene) Acceptor. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Li G, Xu C, Luo Z, Ning W, Liu X, Gong S, Zou Y, Zhang F, Yang C. Novel Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Organic PhotovoltaicCells: Different End-Capping Groups Leading to a Big Difference of Power Conversion Efficiencies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:13068-13076. [PMID: 32106672 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Novel cores for high performance nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) remain to be developed. In this work, two new n-type nitrogen-containing organic heterocyclic NFAs, namely, BDTN-BF and BDTN-Th, were designed and synthesized based on a new seven fused-ring core (BDTN) with two different end-capping groups. As a result, BDTN-BF possessed similar absorption spectra in solution and solid state to BDTN-Th, but a slightly higher maximum molar extinction coefficient. Manufacturing the polymer solar cells with PM6 as the donor, the photovoltaic performance of BDTN-BF and BDTN-Th was investigated. The PM6:BDTN-BF-based device achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.54% with a high Jsc of 20.20 mA cm-2, a fill factor (FF) of 61.46%, and a large Voc of 0.93 V, and the energy loss (Eloss) was calculated to be 0.48 eV. Comparatively, the PM6:BDTN-Th-based device achieved the maximum PCE value of only 3.53% because of inadequate Jsc and FF. The higher Jsc and FF for the PM6:BDTN-BF-based device was mainly due to the effective electron transfer from PM6 to BDTN-BF, more balanced μh/μe, higher electron mobility of the neat film, better charge collection and dissociation efficiency, and more favorable morphology. These results demonstrate that the acceptors with nearly identical absorption spectra could result in a significant difference in photovoltaic performance, which stress the importance of end-capping units. Furthermore, few NFA-based devices achieve large Voc and high Jsc simultaneously as one based on PM6:BDTN-BF, indicating that nitrogen hybridization of NFAs may be an efficient strategy to realize high and balanced Voc and Jsc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chunyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhenghui Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Weimin Ning
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shaolong Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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34
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Lee SM, Kumari T, Lee B, Cho Y, Lee J, Oh J, Jeong M, Jung S, Yang C. Horizontal-, Vertical-, and Cross-Conjugated Small Molecules: Conjugated Pathway-Performance Correlations along Operation Mechanisms in Ternary Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905309. [PMID: 31922652 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A family of the SM-axis series based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene and 3-ethylrhodanine (RD) units with structurally different π-conjugation systems are synthesized as a means to understand the structure-property relationship of conjugated pathways in ternary non-fullerene organic solar cells (NF-OSCs) as a third component. The optical and electrochemical properties of the SM-axis are highly sensitive both to the functionalized direction and to the number of RD groups. Enhanced power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 11% in ternary devices are obtained by incorporating optimal SM-X and SM-Y contents from PBDB-T:ITIC binary NF-OSCs, while a slightly lower PCE is observed with the addition of SM-XY. The results of in-depth studies using various characterization techniques demonstrate that working mechanisms of SM-axis-based ternary NF-OSCs are distinctly different from one another: an energy-transfer mechanism with an alloy-like model for SM-X, a charge transfer with the same model for SM-Y, and an energy transfer without such a structure for SM-XY. As extension of the scope, a SM-X-based ternary NF-OSC in the PM6:IT4F system also shows a greatly enhanced PCE of over 13%. The findings provide insights into the effects of conjugated pathways of organic semiconductors on mechanisms of ternary NF-OSCs, advancing the understanding for synthetic chemists, materials engineers, and device physicists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Myeon Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tanya Kumari
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byongkyu Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Oh
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Jeong
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Jung
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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35
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An C, Zheng Z, Hou J. Recent progress in wide bandgap conjugated polymer donors for high-performance nonfullerene organic photovoltaics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4750-4760. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01038c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This feature article summarizes our recent achievements in the development of wide bandgap polymer donors as high-performance organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunbin An
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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36
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He B, Yin Q, Xie B, Zhang J, Xie R, Hu Z, Peng X, Huang F, Cao Y. Influence of the –CN substitution position on the performance of dicyanodistyrylbenzene-based polymer solar cells. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01781j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed four novel copolymers based on DCB units with differently positioned –CN groups and investigated their effects on the film morphology and performance of non-fullerene polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baitian He
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Qingwu Yin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Boming Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Ruihao Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Peng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
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37
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Yu Y, Meng B, Jäkle F, Liu J, Wang L. Molecular Acceptors Based on a Triarylborane Core Unit for Organic Solar Cells. Chemistry 2019; 26:873-880. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Bin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University–Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
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38
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Recent advances in molecular design of functional conjugated polymers for high-performance polymer solar cells. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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39
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Wang X, Han J, Jiang H, Liu Z, Li Y, Yang C, Yu D, Bao X, Yang R. Regulation of Molecular Packing and Blend Morphology by Finely Tuning Molecular Conformation for High-Performance Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:44501-44512. [PMID: 31674175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric thienobenzodithiophene (TBD) structure is first systematically compared with the benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) and dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (DTBDT) units in donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers and applied as the central core in small molecule acceptors (SMAs). Specific polymers including PBDT-BZ, PTBD-BZ, and PDTBDT-BZ with different macromolecular conformations are synthesized and then matched with four elaborately designed acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) SMAs with structures comparable to their donor counterparts. The resulting polymer solar cell performance trends are dramatically different from each other and highly material-dependent, and the active layer morphology is largely governed by polymer conformation. Because of its more linear backbone, the PTBD-BZ film has higher crystallinity and more ordered and denser π-π stacking than those of the PBDT-BZ and PDTBDT-BZ films. Thus, PTBD-BZ shows excellent compatibility with and strong independence on the SMAs with varied structures, and PTBD-BZ-based cells deliver high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10-12.5%, whereas low PCE is obtained by cells based on PDTBDT-BZ because of its zigzag conformation. Overall, this study reveals control of molecular conformation as a useful approach to modulate the photovoltaic properties of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunchang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , Shandong , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , Beijing , China
| | - Jianhua Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , Shandong , China
| | - Huanxiang Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , Shandong , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , Beijing , China
| | - Zhilin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , Shandong , China
| | - Yonghai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , Shandong , China
| | - Chunming Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Donghong Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience , Aalborg University , Aalborg East DK-9220 , North Jutland Region , Denmark
| | - Xichang Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , Shandong , China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , Shandong , China
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40
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Zhao H, Zhang L, Naveed HB, Lin B, Zhao B, Zhou K, Gao C, Zhang C, Wang C, Ma W. Processing-Friendly Slot-Die-Cast Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with Optimized Morphology. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:42392-42402. [PMID: 31638367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of spin-coated organic solar cells (OSCs) have increased rapidly in recent years. However, spin-coating shows poor reproducibility for large-scale production. Slot-die coating, a lab-scale version of roll-to-roll fabrication, has been considered as the most suitable technique for the production of future large-area commercial devices. For this, the highly efficient slot-die-fabricated devices are required to approach the performance of spin-cast OSCs. We present here, a nonfullerene OSC device utilizing the PBDB-T/i-IEICO-4F blend, fabricated by slot-die coating without post-treatment in the ambient conditions. The device showed an impressive PCE of 12.5%, which is one of the highest reported performance for slot-die-coated OSC devices. Compared to the spin-coated and blade-coated films with optimized thermal annealing time, the films fabricated by slot-die coating (without any treatment) exhibit not only the highest degree of crystallinity and face-on orientation but also the smallest domain size and the purest phase toward enhanced and balanced carrier mobilities. An enhanced excited-state charge generation has been attributed to transient charge kinetics using ultrafast spectroscopic signatures. The optimized slot-die-coated devices exhibit excellent tolerance for the increased thickness of the photoactive layer, attributing to favorable molecular packing. We used slot-die coating as a simple fabrication technique, which is capable of yielding highly efficient OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Hafiz Bilal Naveed
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals , Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals , Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Cankun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
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Tang Y, Sun H, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Su M, Zhou X, Wu X, Sun W, Zhang X, Liu B, Chen W, Liao Q, Woo HY, Guo X. A New Wide Bandgap Donor Polymer for Efficient Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with a Large Open-Circuit Voltage. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901773. [PMID: 31728295 PMCID: PMC6839623 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in nonfullerene small molecule acceptors (NF-SMAs) that leads to a consistent increase of power conversion efficiency (PCE) of nonfullerene organic solar cells (NF-OSCs). To achieve better compatibility with high-performance NF-SMAs, the direction of molecular design for donor polymers is toward wide bandgap (WBG), tailored properties, and preferentially ecofriendly processability for device fabrication. Here, a weak acceptor unit, methyl 2,5-dibromo-4-fluorothiophene-3-carboxylate (FE-T), is synthesized and copolymerized with benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) to afford a series of nonhalogenated solvent processable WBG polymers P1-P3 with a distinct side chain on FE-T. The incorporation of FE-T leads to polymers with a deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of -5.60-5.70 eV, a complementary absorption to NF-SMAs, and a planar molecular conformation. When combined with the narrow bandgap acceptor ITIC-Th, the solar cell based on P1 with the shortest methyl chain on FE-T achieves a PCE of 11.39% with a large V oc of 1.01 V and a J sc of 17.89 mA cm-2. Moreover, a PCE of 12.11% is attained for ternary cells based on WBG P1, narrow bandgap PTB7-Th, and acceptor IEICO-4F. These results demonstrate that the new FE-T is a highly promising acceptor unit to construct WBG polymers for efficient NF-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Huiliang Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul136‐713South Korea
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Guangye Zhang
- eFlexPV Limited (China)Room 228, Block 11, Jin Xiu Da Di, No. 121 Hu Di Pai Song Yuan Sha Community, Guanhu Street, Longhua DistrictShenzhenGuangdong518000China
| | - Mengyao Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Weipeng Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Xianhe Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Qiaogan Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul136‐713South Korea
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
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Yin H, Ma LK, Wang Y, Huang J, Yu H, Zhang J, Chow PCY, Ma W, So SK, Yan H. Donor Polymer Can Assist Electron Transport in Bulk Heterojunction Blends with Small Energetic Offsets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903998. [PMID: 31532874 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional organic solar cell (OSC) systems have significant energy offsets between the donor and acceptor both at the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels. Because of this, in a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) system, electrons typically transport in acceptors, whereas holes typically transport in donors. It is not favorable for electrons to hop back and forth between the donor and acceptor because the hopping is energetically disfavored. In such conventional OSC systems, the addition of donor polymer to acceptor films should typically reduce the electron mobility. In this study, a surprisingly large increase (up to 30×) in electron mobility is observed in an OSC blend when introducing a polymer donor into small molecular acceptor. By ruling out morphology reasons, it is shown that the donor polymer can assist the electron transport by providing "bridges" or a "shortcut" for electron transport across the domains of small molecular acceptors. This can happen because, for these systems, the LUMO offset is small. The study shows the benefits of donor-assisted electron transport in BHJ systems with small energetic offsets. This finding could be also applied to other fields to tune the optimized charge transport property of organic materials or slush blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Lik-Kuen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jiachen Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Philip C Y Chow
- Department of Chemistry, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shu Kong So
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Zhang X, Tang Y, Yang K, Chen P, Guo X. Additive‐Free Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhe Zhang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China
| | - Yumin Tang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Material Science and Engineering Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Material Science and Engineering Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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Naveed HB, Zhou K, Ma W. Interfacial and Bulk Nanostructures Control Loss of Charges in Organic Solar Cells. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2904-2915. [PMID: 31577121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged as one promising sustainable energy resource since the introduction of state-of-the-art bulk heterojunction (BHJ) device structure in early 1990s. Impressively developed molecular design methodologies in the past decade have led researchers toward utilizing more suitable pairs of low (p-type) and high (n-type) electron affinity organic semiconducting materials. Among other attributes, versatile absorption capabilities of these materials highlight their favorable utilization in a single layer BHJ structure. Interaction of these verstile organic materials may lead to explicit interfaces, phase distributions, and crystalline nanostructures. Structural characterization techniques involving soft and hard X-rays have enabled us to measure these morphology parameters quantitatively including their string correlation with photovoltaic (PV) parameters. Favorable processing techniques have been adopted to realize auspicious interfacial areas and charge percolations in bulk toward efficient short circuit current (JSC) and fill factor (FF) values. Collaborative efforts in the fields of chemical structure design of materials, device characterization, and engineering have pushed the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of OSCs to 16%. However, the single layer BHJ structure still requires further optimizations for the extension of their PCEs toward the theoretical limit. Maximum utilization of solar energy by organic blend films is the key to match their potential with inorganic/perovskite solar cells. Having comparable JSC and FF values in organic versus inorganic photovoltaic devices, open circuit voltage (VOC) is the only PV parameter limiting the development of OSCs in comparison to their inorganic competitors. This is due to unfavorable competition between rates of charge generation and recombination. Loss of charges during these generation and recombination processes account for the energy loss of the device, ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 V in state-of-the-art OSCs. Highly efficient (14-16%) single layer BHJ devices usually suffer from high energy loss with VOC limited to 0.9 V. Comparatively, devices with reported VOC > 0.9 V suffer from poor JSC and FF values due to unfavorable interfacial ordering and bulk crystalline nanostructures. First part of the Account will address the charge losses during their transfer (interfacial losses) and influential role of interfacial nanostructures in controlling them toward efficient JSC and VOC values. Later, we will discuss losses during exciton diffusion and free charge transport (bulk losses) toward limited charge extraction. We will debate about the role of donor/acceptor nanostructures in correlation with influential photophysics studies to control these losses in small molecule (SM) acceptor based devices. We search for exaggerated crystalline phases of SM acceptor in competition with polymer donor to realize balanced and more efficient charge percolations. These improved diffusion and transport bulk nanostructures will suppress nonradiative (NR) pathways and bulk charge losses toward simultaneous enhancement of FF and VOC values. Favorable interfacial and bulk morphology will drive efficient diffusion, transfer, transport, and extraction of charges in organic blend films. This Account will guide chemists and engineers to optimize chemical structure design and blend film nanostructures toward suppressed energy loss of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Bilal Naveed
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
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Zhu L, Tu Z, Yi Y, Wei Z. Achieving Small Exciton Binding Energies in Small Molecule Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells: Effect of Molecular Packing. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4888-4894. [PMID: 31402673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Because of strong exciton binding energy (Eb), an exciton dissociation process and extra energy losses are present in organic solar cells relative to inorganic and perovskite solar cells. Here, we calculated the Eb of a series of small molecule acceptors in solid crystals by a self-consistent quantum mechanics/embedded charge approach. The results show that the Eb values are substantially reduced from the gas phase to solid state because of electronic polarization (mainly from the induction effect of charges). Moreover, in contrast to little changes in the gas phase, the Eb in the solid state can vary significantly, indicating an important molecular packing effect. Remarkably, an extremely weak Eb of 0.04 eV is achieved in a three-dimensional packing crystal, which is comparable to the Eb of organo-lead trihalide perovskites. This work underlines the importance of three-dimensional molecular packing for achieving small Eb and will be helpful in reducing energy losses in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zeyi Tu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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Ahn J, Oh S, Lee H, Lee S, Song CE, Lee HK, Lee SK, So WW, Moon SJ, Lim E, Shin WS, Lee JC. Simple and Versatile Non-Fullerene Acceptor Based on Benzothiadiazole and Rhodanine for Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30098-30107. [PMID: 31357856 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Most non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are designed in a complex planar molecular conformation containing fused aromatic rings in high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs). To obtain the final molecules, however, numerous synthetic steps are necessary. In this work, a novel simple-structured NFA containing alkoxy-substituted benzothiadiazole and a rhodanine end group (BTDT2R) is designed and synthesized. We also investigate the photovoltaic properties of BTDT2R-based OSCs employing representative polymer donors (wide band gap and high-crystalline P3HT, medium band gap and semicrystalline PPDT2FBT, and narrow band gap and low-crystalline PTB7-Th) to compare the performance capabilities of fullerene acceptor-based OSCs, which are well matched with various polymer donors. OSCs based on P3HT:BTDT2R, PPDT2FBT:BTDT2R, and PTB7-Th:BTDT2R achieved efficiency as high as 5.09, 6.90, and 8.19%, respectively. Importantly, photoactive films incorporating different forms of optical and molecular ordering characteristics exhibit favorable morphologies by means of solvent vapor annealing. This work suggests that the new n-type organic semiconductor developed here is highly promising as a universal NFA that can be paired with various polymer donors with different optical and crystalline properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sora Oh
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Chang Eun Song
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang Kyu Lee
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang-Jin Moon
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Lim
- Department of Chemistry , Kyonggi University , 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro , Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16227 , Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
- KU-KRICT Collaborative Research Center & Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics & Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry , Korea University , 2511 Sejong-ro , Sejong 30019 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Lee
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
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Hong L, Yao H, Yu R, Xu Y, Gao B, Ge Z, Hou J. Investigating the Trade-Off between Device Performance and Energy Loss in Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29124-29131. [PMID: 31331162 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The large energy loss (Eloss) in organic solar cells (OSCs) relative to those of silicon or inorganic/organic hybrid perovskite solar cells is one of the major factors limiting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs. Recently, OSCs based on nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have achieved high PCEs at decreased Eloss values. Therefore, the present study investigates the relationship between Eloss and the device performance of NFA-based OSCs. Here, we select two polymer donors (PBDB-T and its fluorinated derivative PBDB-TF) and blend each polymer donor with each of three NFAs (indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene and 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (IEIC) and its respective fluorinated and chlorinated derivatives IE-4F and IE-4Cl), which provide varied energy-level alignments. The six blends exhibit similar morphologies and charge transport properties but varied Eloss values in OSCs. The results indicate that the charge generation and PCE of the OSCs increase with the increasing Eloss. Accordingly, the PBDB-T:IE-4Cl-based device yields the highest PCE of 11.1% with an Eloss of 0.64 eV, while the PBDB-TF:IEIC-based device provides a significantly decreased PCE of 3.8% with a diminished Eloss of 0.52 eV. These results demonstrate the great importance of finely tuning the energy-level alignments of these types of donor/acceptor systems to achieve the best device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hong
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Runnan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Bowei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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Che Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Liu CH, Izquierdo R, Xiao SS, Perepichka DF. Understanding the Photovoltaic Behavior of A–D–A Molecular Semiconductors through a Permutation of End Groups. J Org Chem 2019; 85:52-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Che
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Département d’Informatique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Yali Yang
- 1-Material Inc., Dorval, Quebec H9P 1K2, Canada
| | - Cheng-Hao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Ricardo Izquierdo
- Electrical Engineering Department, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, Québec H3C 3K1, Canada
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Energy level gamut-a wide-angle lens to look at photoelectronic properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole-benzothiadiazole-based small molecules. J Mol Model 2019; 25:224. [PMID: 31309358 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Demands in the field of molecular design for optimized bandgap and proper energy levels to obtain high efficiencies are growing progressively in organic electronics. In the present work, we designed a series of molecules based on diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and benzothiadiazoles (BT). We also studied the efeect of the presence and position of the nitrogen atom as an effective heteroatom. Finally, we optimized the energy levels of the designed structures to find the most favorable donor properties along with fullerene and non-fullerene (NF) acceptors in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell systems. To shed new light on the electronic characteristics of the designed structures, we developed a correction gamut of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels. The gamut is a span that predicts the occurrence of practical HOMO or LUMO with high probability from density functional theory computations in the gas phase. The model was validated using experimental energy level values of a similar structure as reference material. The results obtained by the new pathway of combining the idea of energy level gamuts with the modified Scharber model for NF BHJ suggested that the designed structures can afford power conversion efficiencies (PCE) for NF-BHJ of 8.5-10.5%. Graphical abstract Improved approach for predicting power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of designed molecules.
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Zhu R, Wang Z, Gao Y, Zheng Z, Guo F, Gao S, Lu K, Zhao L, Zhang Y. Chain Engineering of Benzodifuran‐Based Wide‐Bandgap Polymers for Efficient Non‐Fullerene Polymer Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900227. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Zhu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yueyue Gao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Fengyun Guo
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Shiyong Gao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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