1
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Dabringhaus P, Molino A, Gilliard RJ. Carbodiphosphorane-Activated Distibene and Dibismuthene Dications. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:27186-27195. [PMID: 39298432 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c10834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Low-valent antimony and bismuth have emerged as novel platforms for achieving reversible small-molecule activation at main-group metals. Although various examples of oxidative addition reactions at monomeric Sb(I) and Bi(I) have been reported, the chemistry of the heavy group 15 Sb(I)═Sb(I)/Bi(I)═Bi(I) double bonds toward small molecules remains largely unexplored. In this study, we present a straightforward synthesis of distibene and dibismuthene dications coordinated with a neutral carbodiphosphorane (CDP) ligand. The nonbonding interactions between the occupied p-orbital at the CDP ligand and the π-bonding orbital of the Sb═Sb/Bi═Bi bonds yield compounds with exceptionally small HOMO-LUMO gaps. In addition, the reduction of steric hindrance compared to known neutral derivatives stabilized with bulky aryl groups allows for better accessibility of the double bonds. This high reactivity is demonstrated in the oxidative addition of distibene to diphenyldisulfide as well as in [2+2] cycloadditions to alkynes. Additionally, the Sb═Sb bond reversibly adds to 2,3-dimethylbutadiene in a [4+2] cycloaddition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dabringhaus
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Kooij B, Chen DW, Fadaei-Tirani F, Severin K. Metal-Mediated Synthesis of a Mixed Arduengo-Fischer Carbodicarbene Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407945. [PMID: 38856098 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Carbodicarbenes are strong C-donor ligands, which have found numerous applications in organometallic and main group element chemistry. Herein, we report a structurally distinct carbodicarbene ligand, which is formed by dinitrogenative coupling of a Fischer carbene complex with an N-heterocyclic diazoolefin. The resulting carbonyl complex serves as a stable source for the mixed Arduengo-Fischer carbodicarbene ligand. Facile ligand transfer reactions were demonstrated to occur with gold(I), copper(I), palladium(II), and rhodium(I) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan Kooij
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Damien W Chen
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Koike T, Yu JK, Hansmann MM. Ph 3PCN 2: A stable reagent for carbon-atom transfer. Science 2024; 385:305-311. [PMID: 39024456 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Precise modification of a chemical site in a molecule at the single-atom level is one of the most elegant yet difficult transformations in chemistry. A reagent specifically designed for chemoselective introduction of monoatomic carbon is a particularly formidable challenge. Here, we report a straightforward, azide-free synthesis of a crystalline and isolable diazophosphorus ylide, Ph3PCN2, a stable compound with a carbon atom bonded to two chemically labile groups, triphenylphosphine (PPh3) and dinitrogen (N2). Without any additives, the diazophosphorus ylide serves as a highly selective transfer reagent for fragments, including Ph3PC, to deliver phosphorus ylide-terminated heterocumulenes and CN2 to produce multisubstituted pyrazoles. Ultimately, even exclusive carbon-atom transfer is possible. In reactions with aldehydes and acyclic and cyclic ketones (R2C=O), the carbon-atom substitution forms a vinylidene (R2C=C:) en route to alkynes or butatrienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Koike
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jhen-Kuei Yu
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Max M Hansmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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4
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Lei B, Cao F, Chen M, Wang X, Mo Z. Bisgermylene-Stabilized Stannylone: Catalytic Reduction of Nitrous Oxide and Nitro Compounds via Element-Ligand Cooperativity. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17817-17826. [PMID: 38780163 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis, structural characterization, and catalytic application of a bis(germylene)-stabilized stannylone (2). The reduction of digermylated stannylene (1) with 2.2 equiv of potassium graphite (KC8) leads to the formation of stannylone 2 as a green solid in 78% yield. Computational studies showed that stannylone 2 possesses a formal Sn(0) center and a delocalized 3-c-2-e π-bond in the Ge2Sn core, which arises from back-donation of the p-type lone pair electrons on the Sn atom to the vacant orbitals of the Ge atoms. Stannylone 2 can serve as an efficient precatalyst for the selective reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitroarenes (ArNO2) with the formation of dinitrogen (N2) and hydrazines (ArNH-NHAr), respectively. Exposure of 2 with N2O (1 atm) resulted in the insertion of two oxygen atoms into the Ge-Ge and Ge-Sn bonds, yielding the germyl(oxyl)stannylene (3). Moreover, the stoichiometric reaction of 2 with 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene afforded an amido(oxyl)stannylene (4) through the complete scission of the N-O bonds of the nitroarene. Stannylenes 3 and 4 serve as catalytically active species for the catalytic reduction of nitrous oxide and nitroarenes, respectively. Mechanistic studies reveal that the cooperation of the low-valent Ge and Sn centers allows for multiple electron transfers to cleave the N-O bonds of N2O and ArNO2. This approach presents a new strategy for catalyzing the deoxygenation of N2O and ArNO2 using a zerovalent tin compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Lei
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fanshu Cao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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5
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Tho Nguyen M, Gusev DG, Dmitrienko A, Pilkington M, Nikonov GI. Reversible Coupling of Germylone with Isocyanates. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400613. [PMID: 38379193 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The germylone dimNHCGe (5, dimNHC=diimino N-heterocyclic carbene) undergoes a [2+2] cycloaddition with isocyanates RNCO (R=4-tolyl or 3,5-xylyl) to furnish novel alkyl carboxamido germylenes 7 (R=4-tolyl) and 8 (R=3,5-xylyl), featuring a C-C bond between the former carbene carbon and the isocyanate moiety. Heating a mixture of 8 with 4-tolyl isocyanate to 100 °C results in isocyanate metathesis, demonstrating reversible C-C bond formation on the reduced germanium compound. DFT calculations suggest that this process occurs via the reductive dissociation of isocyanate from 8 that regenerates the parent Ge(0) compound 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3 A1, Canada
| | - Dmitry G Gusev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario N2 L 3 C5, Canada
| | - Anton Dmitrienko
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3 A1, Canada
| | - Melanie Pilkington
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3 A1, Canada
| | - Georgii I Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3 A1, Canada
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6
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Deng CL, Obi AD, Tra BYE, Sarkar SK, Dickie DA, Gilliard RJ. Air- and photo-stable luminescent carbodicarbene-azaboraacenium ions. Nat Chem 2024; 16:437-445. [PMID: 38052948 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Substitution of a C=C bond by an isoelectronic B-N bond is a well-established strategy to alter the electronic structure and stability of acenes. BN-substituted acenes that possess narrow energy gaps have attractive optoelectronic properties. However, they are susceptible to air and/or light. Here we present the design, synthesis and molecular structures of fully π-conjugated cationic BN-doped acenes stabilized by carbodicarbene ligands. They are luminescent in the solution and solid states and show high air and moisture stability. Compared with their neutral BN-substituted counterparts as well as the parent all-carbon acenes, these species display improved quantum yields and small optical gaps. The electronic structures of the azabora-anthracene and azabora-tetracene cations resemble higher-order acenes while possessing high photo-oxidative resistance. Investigations using density functional theory suggest that the stability and photo-physics of these conjugated systems may be ascribed to their cationic nature and the electronic properties of the carbodicarbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Akachukwu D Obi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bi Youan E Tra
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Yu CH, Au-Yeung KC, Liu R, Lee CH, Jiang D, Semagne Aweke B, Wu CH, Wang YJ, Wang TH, Voon Kong K, Yap GPA, Chen WC, Frenking G, Zhao L, Ong TG. Diversification of the Carbodicarbene Class by Embedding an Anionic Component in its Scaffold. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302886. [PMID: 37730960 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbodicarbene (CDC) has become an emerging ligand in many fields due to its strong σ-donating ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Yu
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
| | - Ka-Chun Au-Yeung
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
- Corporate R&D Center, LCY Chemical Corporation, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Ruiqin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Hsien Lee
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
| | - Dandan Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bamlaku Semagne Aweke
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Chia-Hung Wu
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Yu-Jou Wang
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Ting-Hsuan Wang
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
| | - Kien Voon Kong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Wen-Ching Chen
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
| | - Gernot Frenking
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lili Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiow-Gan Ong
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C
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8
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Segizbayev M, Tho Nguyen M, Gusev DG, Dmitrienko A, Pilkington M, van der Est A, Nikonov GI. A Guanidine-Supported π-Complex of Germanium Amenable to Intramolecular C-C Cleavage in Arene and Ge Atom Transfer. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301981. [PMID: 37732936 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The germylone dimNHCGe (dimNHC=diimino N-heterocyclic carbene) reacts with azides N3 R (R=SiMe3 or p-tolyl) to furnish the first examples of germanium π-complexes, i. e. guanidine-ligated compounds (dimNHI-SiMe3 )Ge (NHI=N-heterocyclic imine, R=SiMe3 ) and (dimNHI-Tol)Ge (R=p-tolyl). DFT calculations suggest that these species are formed by a Staudinger type replacement of dinitrogen in the azide by a nucleophilic germylone, leading to a transient carbene adduct of iminogermylidene. Heating a solution of compound (dimNHI-SiMe3 )Ge to 70 °C results in extrusion of the iminogermylidene that further aggregates to produce the known [Me3 SiNGe]4 tetramer, whereas the imidazolylidene fragment transforms into an unusual heptatriene species that can be considered as a product of carbene insertion into the C-C bond of a pendant Ar substituent at the imidazolylidene nitrogen of the dimNHC. Reaction of (dimNHI-SiMe3 )Ge with tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone results in the net transfer of a germanium atom and formation of the free diimino-guanidine ligand. This ligand also forms when (dimNHI-SiMe3 )Ge is treated with azide N3 (p-Tol), with the germanium product being [(p-Tol)NGe]n.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medet Segizbayev
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Dmitry G Gusev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario N2 L 3 C5, Canada
| | - Anton Dmitrienko
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Melanie Pilkington
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Art van der Est
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Georgii I Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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9
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Aweke BS, Yu CH, Shen JS, Wang S, Yap GPA, Chen WC, Ong TG. Binuclear Macrocyclic Silver(I) Complex of a Bis(carbone) Pincer Ligand: Synthesis and Application as a Carbone-Transfer Agent. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:12664-12673. [PMID: 37523291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
A facile synthesis of a binuclear AgI complex 2 of a bis(carbone) ligand L and its application as a carbone-transfer agent for the generation of other transition-metal complexes of AuI (3), NiII (4), and PdII (5) is presented. Complex 2 was synthesized through multiple synthetic routes under mild reaction conditions using the tetracationic [LH4][OTf·Cl]2 precursor salt, the dicationic [LH2][OTf]2 ylide salt, and the free ligand L. The first two synthesis routes require no prior isolation of the air-, moisture-, and temperature-sensitive free ligand L, thus affording complex 2 with high yield and purity. Multinuclear NMR techniques, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the identity of complex 2 as a binuclear AgI complex of L with a molecular formula of [L2Ag2][OTf]2 and a 16-membered-ring metallomacrocyclic structure. During the transmetalation reaction with AuI, the binuclear nature of complex 2 remains intact to give analogous complex 3 ([L2Au2][OTf]2). However, the dimeric structure was disrupted upon the carbone-transfer reaction with NiII and PdII, yielding mononuclear C-N-C pincer-type complexes 4 ([LNiCl][OTf]) and 5 ([LPdCl][OTf]), respectively. These results demonstrated the versatile use of complex 2 as a carbone-transfer agent to other transition metals regardless of the type or size of the metals or the geometry they prefer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamlaku Semagne Aweke
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Yu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Shian Shen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Wen-Ching Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tiow-Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, National Taiwan University 10617 Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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10
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Authesserre U, Swamy VSVSN, Saffon-Merceron N, Baceiredo A, Kato T, Maerten E. New Insight into the Reactivity of S,S-Bis-ylide. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083295. [PMID: 37110528 PMCID: PMC10142965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work focuses on the reactivity of S,S-bis-ylide 2, which presents a strong nucleophilic character, as evidenced by reactions with methyl iodide and CO2, affording C-methylated salts 3 and betaine 4, respectively. The derivatization of betaine 4 affords the corresponding ester derivative 6, which is fully characterized by using NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, an original reaction with phosphenium ions leads to the formation of a transient push-pull phosphino(sulfonio)carbene 8, which rearranges to give stabilized sulfonium ylide derivative 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Authesserre
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - V S V S N Swamy
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, ICT UAR2599 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Eddy Maerten
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
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11
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Wang Y, Robinson GH. Counterintuitive Chemistry: Carbene Stabilization of Zero-Oxidation State Main Group Species. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5592-5612. [PMID: 36876997 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbenes have evolved from transient laboratory curiosities to a robust, diverse, and surprisingly impactful ligand class. A variety of different carbenes have significantly contributed to the development of low-oxidation state main group chemistry. This Perspective focuses upon advances in the chemistry of carbene complexes containing main group element cores in the formal oxidation state of zero, including their diverse synthetic strategies, unusual bonding and structural motifs, and utility in transition metal coordination chemistry and activation of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Gregory H Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
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12
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Philipp MSM, Bertermann R, Radius U. Activation of Ge-H and Sn-H Bonds with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and a Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202493. [PMID: 36177710 PMCID: PMC10100474 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A study of the reactivity of several N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and the cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene 1-(2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidin-2-ylidene (cAACMe ) with the group 14 hydrides GeH2 Mes2 and SnH2 Me2 (Me=CH3 , Mes=1,3,5-(CH3 )3 C6 H2 ) is presented. The reaction of GeH2 Mes2 with cAACMe led to the insertion of cAACMe into one Ge-H bond to give cAACMe H-GeHMes2 (1). If 1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene (Me2 ImMe ) was used as the carbene, NHC-mediated dehydrogenative coupling occurred, which led to the NHC-stabilized germylene Me2 ImMe ⋅GeMes2 (2). The reaction of SnH2 Me2 with cAACMe also afforded the insertion product cAACMe H-SnHMe2 (3), and reaction of two equivalents Me2 ImMe with SnH2 Me2 gave the NHC-stabilized stannylene Me2 ImMe ⋅SnMe2 (4). If the sterically more demanding NHCs Me2 ImMe , 1,3-di-isopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene (iPr2 ImMe ) and 1,3-bis-(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)-imidazolin-2-ylidene (Dipp2 Im) were employed, selective formation of cyclic oligomers (SnMe2 )n (5; n=5-8) in high yield was observed. These cyclic oligomers were also obtained from the controlled decomposition of cAACMe H-SnHMe2 (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. M. Philipp
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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13
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Dolai R, Kumar R, Elvers BJ, Pal PK, Joseph B, Sikari R, Nayak MK, Maiti A, Singh T, Chrysochos N, Jayaraman A, Krummenacher I, Mondal J, Priyakumar UD, Braunschweig H, Yildiz CB, Schulzke C, Jana A. Carbodicarbenes and Striking Redox Transitions of their Conjugate Acids: Influence of NHC versus CAAC as Donor Substituents. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202888. [PMID: 36129127 PMCID: PMC10100033 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new type of carbodicarbene (CDC) comprising two different classes of carbenes is reported; NHC and CAAC as donor substituents and compare the molecular structure and coordination to Au(I)Cl to those of NHC-only and CAAC-only analogues. The conjugate acids of these three CDCs exhibit notable redox properties. Their reactions with [NO][SbF6 ] were investigated. The reduction of the conjugate acid of CAAC-only based CDC with KC8 results in the formation of hydrogen abstracted/eliminated products, which proceed through a neutral radical intermediate, detected by EPR spectroscopy. In contrast, the reduction of conjugate acids of NHC-only and NHC/CAAC based CDCs led to intermolecular reductive (reversible) carbon-carbon sigma bond formation. The resulting relatively elongated carbon-carbon sigma bonds were found to be readily oxidized. They were, thus, demonstrated to be potent reducing agents, underlining their potential utility as organic electron donors and n-dopants in organic semiconductor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramapada Dolai
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Benedict J. Elvers
- Institut für BiochemieUniversität GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pal
- International Institute of Information Technology GachibowliHyderabad500032India
| | - Benson Joseph
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Rina Sikari
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Nayak
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Avijit Maiti
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Tejender Singh
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Arumugam Jayaraman
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jagannath Mondal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
| | - U. Deva Priyakumar
- International Institute of Information Technology GachibowliHyderabad500032India
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Cem B. Yildiz
- Department of Aromatic and Medicinal PlantsAksaray UniversityAksaray68100Turkey
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für BiochemieUniversität GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad GopanpallyHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia
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14
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Chu W, Zhou T, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. CAAC-IPr*: easily accessible, highly sterically-hindered cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13467-13470. [PMID: 36382995 PMCID: PMC9737351 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05668b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
IPr* (IPr* = 1,3-bis(2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) has emerged as a powerful highly hindered and sterically-flexible ligand platform for transition-metal catalysis. CAACs (CAAC = cyclic (al-kyl)(amino)carbenes) have gained major attention as strongly electron-rich carbon analogues of NHCs (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) with broad applications in both industry and academia. Herein, we report a merger of CAAC ligands with highly-hindered IPr*. The efficient synthesis, electronic characterization and application in model Cu-catalyzed hydroboration of alkynes is described. The ligands are strongly electron-rich, bulky and flexible around the N-Ar wingtip. The availability of various IPr* and CAAC templates offers a significant potential to expand the existing arsenal of NHC ligands to electron-rich bulky architectures with critical applications in metal stabilization and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
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15
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Warring LS, Walley JE, Dickie DA, Tiznado W, Pan S, Gilliard RJ. Lewis Superacidic Heavy Pnictaalkene Cations: Comparative Assessment of Carbodicarbene-Stibenium and Carbodicarbene-Bismuthenium Ions. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18640-18652. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Levi S. Warring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jacob E. Walley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 270, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Sudip Pan
- Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße, Marburg 35032, Germany
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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16
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Zhou T, Gao P, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Well-Defined, Air- and Moisture-Stable Palladium-Imidazo[1,5- a]pyridin-3-ylidene Complexes: A Versatile Catalyst Platform for Cross-Coupling Reactions by L-Shaped NHC Ligands. Catal Sci Technol 2022; 12:6581-6589. [PMID: 38045636 PMCID: PMC10691866 DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01136k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development of [(NHC)Pd(cinnamyl)Cl] complexes of ImPy (ImPy = imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene) as a versatile class of precatalysts for cross-coupling reactions. These precatalysts feature fast activation to monoligated Pd(0) with 1:1 Pd to ligand ratio in a rigid imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene template. Steric matching of the C5-substituent and N2-wingtip in the catalytic pocket of the catalyst framework led to the discovery of ImPyMesDipp as a highly reactive imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene ligand for Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of nitroarenes by challenging C-NO2 activation. Kinetic studies demonstrate fast activation and high reactivity of this class of well-defined ImPy-Pd catalysts. Structural studies provide full characteristics of this new class of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene ligands. Computational studies establish electronic properties of sterically-restricted imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene ligands. Finally, a scalable synthesis of C5-substituted imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene ligands through Ni-catalyzed Kumada cross-coupling is disclosed. The method obviates chromatographic purification at any of the steps, resulting in a facile and modular access to ImPy ligands. We anticipate that well-defined [Pd-ImPy] complexes will find broad utility in organic synthesis and catalysis for activation of unreactive bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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17
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Aweke BS, Yu CH, Zhi M, Chen WC, Yap GPA, Zhao L, Ong TG. A Bis-(carbone) Pincer Ligand and Its Coordinative Behavior toward Multi-Metallic Configurations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201884. [PMID: 35293113 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbones are divalent carbon(0) species that contain two lone pairs of electrons. Herein, we have prepared the first known stable and isolable free bis-(carbone) pincer framework with a well-defined solid-state structure. This bis-(carbone) ligand is an effective scaffold for forming monometallic (Ni and Pd) and trinuclear heterometallic complexes with Au-Pd-Au, Au-Ni-Au, and Cu-Ni-Cu configurations. Sophisticated quantum-theoretical analyses found that the metal-metal interactions are too weak to play a significant role in upholding these multi-metallic configurations; rather, the four lone pairs of electrons within the bis-(carbone) framework are the main contributors to the stability of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamlaku Semagne Aweke
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.,Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Han Yu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Minna Zhi
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Ching Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiow-Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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18
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Zhang J, Li T, Li X, Lv A, Li X, Wang Z, Wang R, Ma Y, Fang R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Thiazol-2-ylidenes as N-Heterocyclic carbene ligands with enhanced electrophilicity for transition metal catalysis. Commun Chem 2022; 5:60. [PMID: 36697942 PMCID: PMC9814509 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as a dominant direction in ligand development in transition metal catalysis. In particular, strong σ-donation in combination with tunable steric environment make NHCs to be among the most common ligands used for C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation. Herein, we report the study on steric and electronic properties of thiazol-2-ylidenes. We demonstrate that the thiazole heterocycle and enhanced π-electrophilicity result in a class of highly active carbene ligands for electrophilic cyclization reactions to form valuable oxazoline heterocycles. The evaluation of steric, electron-donating and π-accepting properties as well as structural characterization and coordination chemistry is presented. This mode of catalysis can be applied to late-stage drug functionalization to furnish attractive building blocks for medicinal chemistry. Considering the key role of N-heterocyclic ligands, we anticipate that N-aryl thiazol-2-ylidenes will be of broad interest as ligands in modern chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Tao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Anqi Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ruihong Wang
- Institute of Frontier Science and Technology Transfer, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yangmin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ran Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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19
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Liu T, Fang S, Wang R, Ma Y, Fang R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Application of Indazolin-3-ylidenes in Catalysis: Steric Tuning of Nonclassical Formally Normal N-Heterocyclic Carbenes with Dual Electronic Character for Catalysis. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Ruihong Wang
- Institute of Frontier Science and Technology Transfer, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yangmin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Ran Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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20
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Aweke BS, Yu C, Zhi M, Chen W, Yap GPA, Zhao L, Ong T. A
Bis
‐(carbone) Pincer Ligand and Its Coordinative Behavior toward Multi‐Metallic Configurations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bamlaku Semagne Aweke
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan, ROC
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST) Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng‐Han Yu
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, ROC
| | - Minna Zhi
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Wen‐Ching Chen
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, ROC
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware Newark, DE USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Tiow‐Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
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21
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Sarkar P, Das S, Pati SK. Recent Advances in Group 14 and 15 Lewis Acids for Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200148. [PMID: 35320614 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) which rely on the cooperative action of Lewis acids and Lewis bases, played a prominent role in the advancement of main-group catalysis. While the early days of FLP chemistry witnessed the dominance of boranes, there is a growing body of reports on alternative Lewis acids derived from groups 14 and 15. This short review focuses on the discovery of such non-boron candidates reported since 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Sarkar
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Theoretical Sciences Unit, INDIA
| | - Shubhajit Das
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, New Chemstry Unit, INDIA
| | - Swapan K Pati
- JNCASR, Theoretical Sciences Unit and New Chemistry Unit, Jakkur Campus, 560064, Bangalore, INDIA
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22
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Deb R, Balakrishna P, Majumdar M. Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Pn(I) (Pn=N, P, As, Sb, Bi) Cations. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101133. [PMID: 34786856 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Group 15 Pn(I) cations (Pn=N, P, As, Sb and Bi), which are isoelectronic with the donor-stabilized carbones, have emerged recently. Despite the presence of two lone pair of electrons, the Pn(I) cations are weakly nucleophilic due to their inherent positive charge. Strongly electron-donating supporting ligands including zwitterionic forms have been used to enhance their Lewis basicity. Furthermore, the chelating effect of cyclic ligand systems proved effective in increasing their nucleophilicity. The strategies involved in successfully isolating the fleeting Sb(I) and Bi(I) cations as the recent most achievements in this field have been discussed. The syntheses, structure, bonding situations and reactivity of the Pn(I) cations are discussed. An outlook on the periodic trends and future applications of these electronically unique electron-rich cationic moieties have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - P Balakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
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23
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Chan YC, Bai Y, Chen WC, Chen HY, Li CY, Wu YY, Tseng MC, Yap GPA, Zhao L, Chen HY, Ong TG. Synergistic Catalysis by Brønsted Acid/Carbodicarbene Mimicking Frustrated Lewis Pair-Like Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19949-19956. [PMID: 34128303 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbodicarbene (CDC), unique carbenic entities bearing two lone pairs of electrons are well-known for their strong Lewis basicity. We demonstrate herein, upon introducing a weak Brønsted acid benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as a co-modulator, CDC is remolded into a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP)-like reactivity. DFT calculation and experimental evidence show BnOH loosely interacting with the binding pocket of CDC via H-bonding and π-π stacking. Four distinct reactions in nature were deployed to demonstrate the viability of proof-of-concept as synergistic FLP/Modulator (CDC/BnOH), demonstrating enhanced catalytic reactivity in cyclotrimerization of isocyanate, polymerization process for L-lactide (LA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and dehydrosilylation of alcohols. Importantly, the catalytic reactivity of carbodicarbene is uniquely distinct from conventional NHC which relies on only single chemical feature of nucleophilicity. This finding also provides a new spin in diversifying FLP reactivity with co-modulator or co-catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuna Bai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Ching Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsing-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chen-Yu Li
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-Yann Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Chun Tseng
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hsuan-Ying Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medicinal Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tiow-Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Chemistry, National (Taiwan) University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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24
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Chan Y, Bai Y, Chen W, Chen H, Li C, Wu Y, Tseng M, Yap GPA, Zhao L, Chen H, Ong T. Synergistic Catalysis by Brønsted Acid/Carbodicarbene Mimicking Frustrated Lewis Pair‐Like Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Chen Chan
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan, R.O.C
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST) Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuna Bai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Wen‐Ching Chen
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsing‐Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chen‐Yu Li
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying‐Yann Wu
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei‐Chun Tseng
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware Newark DE USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Hsuan‐Ying Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medicinal Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tiow‐Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Chemistry National (Taiwan) University Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
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25
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Munz D, Meyer K. Charge frustration in ligand design and functional group transfer. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:422-439. [PMID: 37118028 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecules with different resonance structures of similar importance, such as heterocumulenes and mesoionics, are prominent in many applications of chemistry, including 'click chemistry', photochemistry, switching and sensing. In coordination chemistry, similar chameleonic/schizophrenic entities are referred to as ambidentate/ambiphilic or cooperative ligands. Examples of these had remained, for a long time, limited to a handful of archetypal compounds that were mere curiosities. In this Review, we describe ambiphilicity - or, rather, 'charge frustration' - as a general guiding principle for ligand design and functional group transfer. We first give a historical account of organic zwitterions and discuss their electronic structures and applications. Our discussion then focuses on zwitterionic ligands and their metal complexes, such as those of ylidic and redox-active ligands. Finally, we present new approaches to single-atom transfer using cumulated small molecules and outline emerging areas, such as bond activation and stable donor-acceptor ligand systems for reversible 1e- chemistry or switching.
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26
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Borthakur B, Ghosh B, Phukan AK. The flourishing chemistry of carbene stabilized compounds of group 13 and 14 elements. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Münzer JE, Sieg GH, Vehlies R, Fuzon PA, Xie X, Neumüller B, Kuzu I. Cationic group 1 carbodiphosphorane complexes. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Jing Y, Liu J, Ye Z, Su J, Liu Y, Ke Z. The cooperative role of innocent ligand in N-heterocyclic carbene manganese catalyzed carbon dioxide hydrogenation. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01211h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The concept of Lewis acidic π* cooperation was proposed for innocent CO ligand in NHC–Mn catalyzed CO2 hydrogenation by systematic DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Jing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zongren Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Su
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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29
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Au-Yeung KC, Xiao D, Shih WC, Yang HW, Wen YS, Yap GPA, Chen WC, Zhao L, Ong TG. Carbodicarbene: geminal-Bimetallic Coordination in Selective Manner. Chemistry 2020; 26:17350-17355. [PMID: 32537790 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of Pd(OAc)2 with free carbodicarbene (CDC) generates a Pd acetate trinuclear complex 1 via intramolecular C(sp3 )-H bond activation at one of the CDC methyl side arms. The solid structure of 1 reveals the capability of CDC to facilitate a double dative bond with two palladium centers in geminal fashion. This is attributed to the chelating mode of CDC, which can frustrate π-conjugation within the CDC framework. Such effect maybe also amplified by ligand-ligand interaction. The formation of other gem-bimetallic Pd-Pd, Pd-Au, and Ni-Au provides further structural evidence for this proof-of-concept in selective installation. Structural analysis is supported by computational calculations based on state-of-the-art energy decomposition analysis (EDA) in conjunction with natural orbitals for chemical valence (NOCV) method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dengmengfei Xiao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Chih Shih
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Wen Yang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Sheng Wen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, USA
| | | | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Tiow-Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Ambre R, Wang TH, Xian A, Chen YS, Liang YF, Jurca T, Zhao L, Ong TG. Directing Group-Promoted Inert C-O Bond Activation Using Versatile Boronic Acid as a Coupling Agent. Chemistry 2020; 26:17021-17026. [PMID: 32926475 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A simple Ni(cod)2 and carbene mediated strategy facilitates the efficient catalytic cross-coupling of methoxyarenes with a variety of organoboron reagents. Directing groups facilitate the activation of inert C-O bonds in under-utilized aryl methyl ethers enabling their adaptation for C-C cross-coupling reactions as less toxic surrogates to the ubiquitous haloarenes. The method reported enables C-C cross-coupling with readily available and economical arylboronic acid reagents, which is unprecedented, and compares well with other organoboron reagents with similarly high reactivity. Extension to directing group assisted chemo-selective C-O bond cleavage, and further application towards the synthesis of novel bifunctionalized biaryls is reported. Key to the success of this protocol is the use of directing groups proximal to the reaction center to facilitate the activation of the inert C-OMe bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Ambre
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan) (ROC
| | - Ting-Hsuan Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan) (ROC
| | - Anmei Xian
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for, Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Shiuan Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan) (ROC
| | - Yu-Fu Liang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan) (ROC
| | - Titel Jurca
- Department of Chemistry and the Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformations Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for, Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Tiow-Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan) (ROC.,Department of Chemistry, National (Taiwan) University, Taipei, Taiwan) (ROC
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31
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Liu SK, Chen WC, Yap GPA, Ong TG. Synthesis of Carbophosphinocarbene and Their Donating Ability: Expansion of the Carbone Class. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-kai Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-chu, Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-chu,Taiwan
| | | | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Tiow-Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-chu, Taiwan
- The Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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32
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Zhao L, Chai C, Petz W, Frenking G. Carbones and Carbon Atom as Ligands in Transition Metal Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214943. [PMID: 33114580 PMCID: PMC7663554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes experimental and theoretical studies of transition metal complexes with two types of novel metal-carbon bonds. One type features complexes with carbones CL2 as ligands, where the carbon(0) atom has two electron lone pairs which engage in double (σ and π) donation to the metal atom [M]⇇CL2. The second part of this review reports complexes which have a neutral carbon atom C as ligand. Carbido complexes with naked carbon atoms may be considered as endpoint of the series [M]-CR3 → [M]-CR2 → [M]-CR → [M]-C. This review includes some work on uranium and cerium complexes, but it does not present a complete coverage of actinide and lanthanide complexes with carbone or carbide ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (L.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Chaoqun Chai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (L.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Wolfgang Petz
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (W.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (L.Z.); (C.C.)
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (W.P.); (G.F.)
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33
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Walley JE, Dickie DA, Gilliard RJ. Crystallographic study of a heteroleptic chloroberyllium borohydride carbodicarbene complex. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2020-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Interest in beryllium, the lightest member of group 2 elements, has grown substantially within the synthetic community. Herein, we report the synthesis and crystal structure of a heteroleptic haloberyllium borohydride bis(1-isopropyl-3-methyl-benzimidazol-2-ylidene)methane ‘carbodicarbene’ (CDC) complex [(CDC)BeCl(BH4)]. Crystallographic data: Triclinic space group P1̅, a = 8.8695(14), b = 12.394(2), c = 16.844(3) Å, α = 102.395(4), β = 96.456(4), γ = 99.164(4)°, wR2 (all data) = 0.2706 for 6720 unique data and 357 refined parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E. Walley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , 409 McCormick Rd, PO Box 400319 , Charlottesville, VA , USA
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , 409 McCormick Rd, PO Box 400319 , Charlottesville, VA , USA
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , 409 McCormick Rd, PO Box 400319 , Charlottesville, VA , USA
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34
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Chan SC, Ang ZZ, Gupta P, Ganguly R, Li Y, Ye S, England J. Carbodicarbene Ligand Redox Noninnocence in Highly Oxidized Chromium and Cobalt Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:4118-4128. [PMID: 32101411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbodicarbenes (CDCs) possess two lone pairs of electrons on their central carbone C atom (Ccarbone). Coordination to a transition metal via a σ bond leaves one pair of electrons with appropriate symmetry for π donation to the metal. However, the high energy of the latter also renders the CDC ligand potentially redox-active. Herein, we explore these alternatives in the redox series [Cr(L)2]n+ and [Co(L)2]n+ (n = 2-5), where L is a tridentate ligand comprised of a central CDC and two flanking pyridine donors. To this end, all members of both redox series were synthesized and their electronic structures were investigated by using a combination of 1H NMR, Evans' NMR, IR, UV-vis, and EPR spectroscopies, SQUID magnetometry, X-ray crystallography, and density functional theory studies. Whereas [CoII(L)2]2+ is a straightforward low-spin (S = 1/2) cobalt(II) complex, the corresponding chromium complex was found to feature an electronic structure that is intermediate between the two limiting resonance forms [CrIII(L•-)(L)]2+ and [CrII(L)2]2+. In the case of the tri-, tetra-, and pentacationic complexes, the qualitatively identical electronic structures [MIII(L)2]3+, [MIII(L•+)(L)]4+, and [MIII(L•+)2]5+ were observed for both metals. Thus, the metal ions retain a 3+ oxidation state throughout, and the higher redox states contain oxidized ligands. The majority of the unpaired spin on the cation radical ligands was calculated to be localized in π-symmetry orbitals on the coordinated Ccarbone atoms. Analogous behavior was previously reported for the corresponding iron redox series and, as such, redox noninnocence in oxidized CDC and, more broadly, carbone complexes is likely widely accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Chung Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhi Zhong Ang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Puneet Gupta
- Max-Plank-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr D-45470, Germany
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Shengfa Ye
- Max-Plank-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr D-45470, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jason England
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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35
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Mondal B, Ye S. Hidden ligand noninnocence: A combined spectroscopic and computational perspective. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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36
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Gimferrer M, Salvador P, Poater A. Computational Monitoring of Oxidation States in Olefin Metathesis. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martí Gimferrer
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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37
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Manar KK, Porwal VK, Kamte RS, Adhikari M, Thakur SK, Bawari D, Choudhury AR, Singh S. Reactions of a BICAAC with hydroboranes: propensity for Lewis adduct formation and carbene insertion into the B-H bond. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17472-17478. [PMID: 31714564 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03382c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of a bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (BICAAC) towards different boranes has been examined in the present work. The reactions with boranes BX3·SMe2 (X = H, Cl, Br), BF3·OEt2 and BCl3 yield Lewis adducts [BICAAC·BH3] (1), [BICAAC·BHCl2] (2), [BICAAC·BH2Cl] (3), [BICAAC·BF3] (4), [BICAAC·BCl3] (5) and [BICAAC·BBr3] (6) respectively, whereas more hydridic boranes, 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN) and catecholborane (HBcat), enable the insertion of the carbene carbon into the B-H bond to form [BICAAC(H)-(9-BBN)] (7) and [BICAAC(H)-Bcat] (8). These complexes are the first examples of BICAAC-boron compounds and have been characterized using IR, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, HRMS spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Computational analyses were also performed to gain insight into the mechanism of B-H bond activation and adduct formation. Furthermore, the reactions of the BICAAC with boranes have been compared with the known reactions of CAACs and NHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Manar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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38
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Ullrich S, Kovačević B, Koch B, Harms K, Sundermeyer J. Design of non-ionic carbon superbases: second generation carbodiphosphoranes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9483-9492. [PMID: 32055322 PMCID: PMC6993619 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03565f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A new generation of carbodiphosphoranes (CDPs), incorporating pyrrolidine, tetramethylguanidine, or tris(dimethylamino)phosphazene as substituents is introduced as the most powerful class of non-ionic carbon superbases on the basicity scale to date. The synthetic approach as well as NMR spectroscopic and structural characteristics in the free and protonated form are described. Investigation of basicity in solution and in the gas phase by experimental and theoretical means provides the to our knowledge first reported pK BH + values for CDPs in the literature and suggest them as upper tier superbases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ullrich
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-University Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße , 35032 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Borislav Kovačević
- The Group for Computational Life Sciences , Rudjer Bošković Institute , Bijenička c. 54 , HR-10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Björn Koch
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-University Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße , 35032 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-University Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße , 35032 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-University Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße , 35032 Marburg , Germany .
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39
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Flosdorf K, Jiang D, Zhao L, Neumüller B, Frenking G, Kuzu I. An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Structures and Properties of [CDP
Me
‐Ni(CO)
3
] and [Ni
2
(CO)
4
(µ
2
‐CO)(µ
2
‐CDP
Me
)]. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimon Flosdorf
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, D ‐35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Bernhard Neumüller
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, D ‐35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, D ‐35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Istemi Kuzu
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, D ‐35032 Marburg Germany
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40
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Walley JE, Obi AD, Breiner G, Wang G, Dickie DA, Molino A, Dutton JL, Wilson DJD, Gilliard RJ. Cyclic(alkyl)(amino) Carbene-Promoted Ring Expansion of a Carbodicarbene Beryllacycle. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11118-11126. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E. Walley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Akachukwu D. Obi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Grace Breiner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Guocang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jason L. Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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41
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Ambre R, Yang H, Chen WC, Yap GPA, Jurca T, Ong TG. Nickel Carbodicarbene Catalyzes Kumada Cross-Coupling of Aryl Ethers with Grignard Reagents through C-O Bond Activation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Ambre
- Institute of Chemistry; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nangang, Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsuan Yang
- Institute of Chemistry; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nangang, Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Ching Chen
- Institute of Chemistry; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nangang, Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Delaware; 19716 Delaware USA
| | - Titel Jurca
- Department of Chemistry; University of Central Florida; 4111 Libra Drive, Orlando Florida USA
- Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformations Cluster; University of Central Florida; 4353 Scorpius Street, Orlando Florida USA
| | - Tiow-Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nangang, Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
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Zhao L, Pan S, Holzmann N, Schwerdtfeger P, Frenking G. Chemical Bonding and Bonding Models of Main-Group Compounds. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8781-8845. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Nicole Holzmann
- Scientific Computing Department, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University (Albany), 0632 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
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Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Walley JE, Breiner G, Wang G, Dickie DA, Molino A, Dutton JL, Wilson DJD, Gilliard, Jr. RJ. s-Block carbodicarbene chemistry: C(sp3)–H activation and cyclization mediated by a beryllium center. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1967-1970. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc10022e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of carbodicarbene (CDC)-s-block complexes have been synthesized. Unusual C–H bond activation and cyclization discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E. Walley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
| | - Grace Breiner
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
| | - Guocang Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Jason L. Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2017. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Double dative bond between divalent carbon(0) and uranium. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4997. [PMID: 30479324 PMCID: PMC6258733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dative bonds between p- and d-block atoms are common but species containing a double dative bond, which donate two-electron pairs to the same acceptor, are far less common. The synthesis of complexes between UCl4 and carbodiphosphoranes (CDP), which formally possess double dative bonds Cl4U⇇CDP, is reported in this paper. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that the uranium-carbon distances are in the range of bond lengths for uranium-carbon double bonds. A bonding analysis suggests that the molecules are uranium-carbone complexes featuring divalent carbon(0) ligands rather than uranium-carbene species. The complexes represent rare examples with a double dative bond in f-block chemistry. Our study not only introduces the concept of double dative bonds between carbones and f-block elements but also opens an avenue for the construction of other complexes with double dative bonds, thus providing new opportunities for the applications of f-block compounds.
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Chan SC, Gupta P, Engelmann X, Ang ZZ, Ganguly R, Bill E, Ray K, Ye S, England J. Observation of Carbodicarbene Ligand Redox Noninnocence in Highly Oxidized Iron Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Chung Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Puneet Gupta
- Max-Plank-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Xenia Engelmann
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Zhi Zhong Ang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Plank-Institut für Chemische Energie Konversion; Stiftstraße 34-36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Kallol Ray
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Shengfa Ye
- Max-Plank-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Jason England
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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Chan SC, Gupta P, Engelmann X, Ang ZZ, Ganguly R, Bill E, Ray K, Ye S, England J. Observation of Carbodicarbene Ligand Redox Noninnocence in Highly Oxidized Iron Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15717-15722. [PMID: 30239076 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To probe the possibility that carbodicarbenes (CDCs) are redox active ligands, all four members of the redox series [Fe(1)2 ]n+ (n=2-5) were synthesized, where 1 is a neutral tridentate CDC. Through a combination of spectroscopy and DFT calculations, the electronic structure of the pentacation is shown to be [FeIII (1.+ )2 ]5+ (S= 1 / 2 ). That of [Fe(1)2 ]4+ is more ambiguous, but it has significant contributions from the open-shell singlet [FeIII (1)(1.+ )]4+ (S=0). The observed spin states derive from antiferromagnetic coupling of their constituent low-spin iron(III) centres and cation radical ligands. This marks the first time redox activity has been observed for carbones and expands the diverse chemical behaviour known for these ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Chung Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Puneet Gupta
- Max-Plank-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Xenia Engelmann
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhi Zhong Ang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Plank-Institut für Chemische Energie Konversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Kallol Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shengfa Ye
- Max-Plank-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jason England
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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Binder JF, Swidan A, Macdonald CLB. Synthesis of Heteroleptic Phosphorus(I) Cations by P + Transfer. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:11717-11725. [PMID: 30191717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reported are general synthetic approaches for the syntheses of asymmetrically substituted phosphorus(I) cations by P+ transfer from [dppeP]+ (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane). The first method grants access to acyclic derivatives and is accomplished by the sequential substitution of dppe using first a sterically encumbered ligand which cannot form a stable homoleptic complex, followed by a second equivalent of a less sterically demanding ligand. The second method grants access to cyclic derivatives and utilizes asymmetric hybrid phosphine/N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Interplay between the different ligand types and their stoichiometries relative to those of [dppeP]+ also allows for the isolation of symmetrical derivatives with pendant phosphines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin F Binder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Ala'aeddeen Swidan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Charles L B Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
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Sharutin VV, Sharutina OK, Rybakova AV, Gubanova YO. Synthesis and Structure of Tetraphenylphosphonium Carboxylates. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218080133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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