1
|
Matsuo Y, Gon M, Tanaka K, Seki S, Tanaka T. Synthesis of Aza[ n]helicenes up to n = 19: Hydrogen-Bond-Assisted Solubility and Benzannulation Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17428-17437. [PMID: 38866732 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic challenges toward anomalous structures and electronic states often involve handling problems such as insolubility in common organic solvents and oxidative degradation under aerobic conditions. We designed benzo-annulated aza[n]helicenes, which benefit from both the suppressed elevation of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies and high solubility due to hydrogen bonding with solvent molecules to overcome these challenges. This strategy enabled the synthesis of six new aza[n]helicenes ([n]AHs) of different lengths (n = 9-19) from acyclic precursors via one-pot intramolecular oxidative fusion reactions. The structures of all of the synthesized aza[n]helicenes were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and their electrochemical potentials were measured by cyclic voltammetry. Among the synthesized aza[n]helicenes, [17]AH and [19]AH are the first heterohelicenes with a triple-layered helix. The noncovalent interaction (NCI) plots confirm the existence of an effective π-π interaction between the layers. The absorption and fluorescence spectra red-shifted as the helical lengths increased, without any distinct saturation points. The optical resolutions of N-butylated [9]AH, [11]AH, [13]AH, and [15]AH were accomplished, and their circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) were measured. Thus, the structural, (chir)optical, and electrochemical properties of the aza[n]helicenes were comprehensively analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jolly A, Fecteau CÉ, Johnson PA, Morin JF. Parameters Influencing the Photochemical Cyclodehydrochlorination (CDHC) Reaction. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300677. [PMID: 38335152 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The photochemical cyclodehydrochlorination (CDHC) reaction has recently been used to prepare a wide variety of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). However, the parameters affecting the efficiency of this reaction have been scarcely studied. In this work, we investigated how the reaction conditions influence the outcome of the reaction. The effect of functional groups on the different phenyl rings of the o-terphenyl scaffold was also studied. The reaction kinetics follow the same trend as Hammett's constant when electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups are present on the ring bearing the chlorine. The CDHC reaction can be successfully performed using less energetic 365 nm light in the presence of a triplet sensitizer. Computational results provide insight on the reaction mechanism, notably by identifying its three intermediate structures as well as its limiting step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Jolly
- Département de chimie and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Charles-Émile Fecteau
- Département de chimie and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Paul Andrew Johnson
- Département de chimie and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Département de chimie and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Keck C, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Synthesis of Chiral Pyrene-Based 1,4-Dithiins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319389. [PMID: 38179861 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The 1,4-dithiin motif is known for its reversible redox properties to generate radical cations and diradical dications and thus is interesting for organic electronic applications. However, examples where this motif is embedded into chiral larger fused aromatic compounds are very rare. Here we describe the syntheses of several structurally related pyrene fused dithiins and their spectroscopic investigations with a focus on tuning circular dichroism, with respect to the g values, depending on their connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Keck
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Li Z, Wang MW, Chan J, Liu G, Wang Z, Jiang W. Highly Luminescent Chiral Double π-Helical Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5295-5304. [PMID: 38363710 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Unveiling the mechanism behind chirality propagation and dissymmetry amplification at the molecular level is of significance for the development of chiral systems with comprehensively outstanding chiroptical performances. Herein, we have presented a straightforward Cu-mediated Ullmann homocoupling approach to synthesize perylene diimide-entwined double π-helical nanoribbons encompassing dimer, trimer, and tetramer while producing homochiral or heterochiral linking of chiral centers. A significant dissymmetry amplification was achieved, with absorption dissymmetry factors (|gabs|) increasing from 0.009 to 0.017 and further to 0.019, and luminescence dissymmetry factors (|glum|) rising from 0.007 to 0.013 and eventually to 0.015 for homochiral double π-helical oligomers. The disparity of magnetic transition dipole moment (m) densities in homochiral and heterochiral tetramers by time-dependent density functional theory calculations confirmed that homochiral oligomerization can maximize the total m, which is favorable for achieving ever-increasing g factors. Notably, these double π-helices exhibited exceptional photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPL) ranging from 83 to 95%. The circularly polarized luminescence brightness (BCPL) eventually reached a remarkable 575 M-1 cm-1 for the homochiral tetramer, which is among the highest values reported for chiral small molecules. This kind of linearly extended double π-helices offers a platform for a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism behind chirality propagation and dissymmetry amplification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zuoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiangtao Chan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guogang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiao Y, Sun Z, Wang Z, Fu Y, Zhang F. Synthesis of Nonsymmetric NBN-Embedded [6]- and [7]Helicenes with Amplified Activities. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37991932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Two C1-symmetric heterohelicenes were constructed by nonsymmetrically extending the ortho-fused structures of a C2v-symmetric NBN-embedded phenalene derivative and featured intense luminescence, large Stokes shifts, and successive reversible redox behaviors. Increasing one fused phenyl unit in such a helical structure led to a 10-fold-enhanced dissymmetry factor. Their strong double hydrogen-bond-donating capability makes them distinctly red-shifted in absorption, emission, and CD and CPL spectra upon the addition of fluoride anion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zuobang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bao ST, Jiang H, Jin Z, Nuckolls C. Fusing perylene diimide with helicenes. Chirality 2023; 35:656-672. [PMID: 36941527 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating perylene diimide (PDI) units into helicene structures has become a useful strategy for giving access to non-planar electron acceptors as well as a method of creating molecules with unique and intriguing chiroptical properties. This minireview describes this fusion of PDIs with helicenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Tong Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Haoyu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zexin Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Freixas VM, Rouxel JR, Nam Y, Tretiak S, Govind N, Mukamel S. X-ray and Optical Circular Dichroism as Local and Global Ultrafast Chiral Probes of [12]Helicene Racemization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21012-21019. [PMID: 37704187 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental molecular property that plays a crucial role in biophysics and drug design. Optical circular dichroism (OCD) is a well-established chiral spectroscopic probe in the UV-visible regime. Chirality is most commonly associated with a localized chiral center. However, some compounds such as helicenes (Figure 1) are chiral due to their screwlike global structure. In these highly conjugated systems, some electric and magnetic allowed transitions are distributed across the entire molecule, and OCD thus probes the global molecular chirality. Recent advances in X-ray sources, in particular the control of their polarization and spatial profiles, have enabled X-ray circular dichroism (XCD), which, in contrast to OCD, can exploit the localized and element-specific nature of X-ray electronic transitions. XCD therefore is more sensitive to local structures, and the chirality probed with it can be referred to as local. During the racemization of helicene, between opposite helical structures, the screw handedness can flip locally, making the molecule globally achiral while retaining a local handedness. Here, we use the racemization mechanism of [12]helicene as a model to demonstrate the capabilities of OCD and XCD as time-dependent probes for global and local chiralities, respectively. Our simulations demonstrate that XCD provides an excellent spectroscopic probe for the time-dependent local chirality of molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Freixas
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Jérémy R Rouxel
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yeonsig Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tian X, Shoyama K, Mahlmeister B, Brust F, Stolte M, Würthner F. Naphthalimide-Annulated [ n]Helicenes: Red Circularly Polarized Light Emitters. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9886-9894. [PMID: 37083394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Two [n]heliceno-bis(naphthalimides) 1 and 2 (n = 5 and 6, respectively) where two electron-accepting naphthalimide moieties are attached at both ends of helicene core were synthesized by effective two-step strategy, and their enantiomers could be resolved by chiral stationary-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of enantiopure fractions of 1 and 2 confirmed their helical structure, and together with experimental and calculated circular dichroism (CD) spectra, the absolute configuration was unambiguously assigned. Both 1 and 2 exhibit high molar extinction coefficients for the S0-S1 transition and high fluorescence quantum yields (73% for 1 and 69% for 2), both being outstanding for helicene derivatives. The red circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) emission up to 615 nm for 2 with CPL brightness (BCPL) up to 66.5 M-1 cm-1 demonstrates its potential for applications in chiral optoelectronics. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations unambiguously showed that the large transition magnetic dipole moment |m| of 2 is responsible for its high absorbance dissymmetry (gabs) and luminescence dissymmetry (glum) factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Tian
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Mahlmeister
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Brust
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu X, Muñoz-Mármol R, Vasylevskyi S, Villa A, Folpini G, Scotognella F, Maria Paternò G, Narita A. Synthesis of Bioctacene-Incorporated Nanographene with Near-Infrared Chiroptical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218350. [PMID: 36727244 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a hexabenzoperihexacene (HBPH) with two incorporated octacene substructures, which was unambiguously characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The theoretical isomerization barrier of the (P,P)-/(P,M)-forms was estimated to be 38.4 kcal mol-1 , and resolution was achieved by chiral HPLC. Notably, the enantiomers exhibited opposite circular dichroism responses up to the near-infrared (NIR) region (830 nm) with a high gabs value of 0.017 at 616 nm. Moreover, HBPH demonstrated NIR emission with a maximum at 798 nm and an absolute PLQY of 41 %. The excited-state photophysical properties of HBPH were investigated by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, revealing an intriguing feature that was attributed to the rotational and/or conformational dynamics of HBPH after excitation. These results provide new insight into the design of chiral nanographene with NIR optical properties for potential chiroptical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Mármol
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Engineering Section, Research Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Andrea Villa
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Folpini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Paternò
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li A, Zhang X, Wang S, Wei K, Du P. Synthesis and Physical Properties of a Perylene Diimide-Embedded Chiral Conjugated Macrocycle. Org Lett 2023; 25:1183-1187. [PMID: 36786519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the facile synthesis and properties of a chiral perylene diimide (PDI)-embedded conjugated macrocycle (cyclo[6]paraphenylene-1,7-perylene diimide, [6]CPP-PDI1,7) by Pd-catalyzed Suzuki coupling and a subsequent reductive aromatization reaction in two steps. The PDI-embedded conjugated macrocycle showed a significant redshift (>110 nm for absorption) compared to the PDI molecule. Moreover, efficient resolution of chiral enantiomers with (P)/(M)-[6]CPP-PDI1,7 was achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography, and their chiral properties were investigated by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The realization of [6]CPP-PDI1,7 expands the scope of the precise synthesis of PDI-embedded chiral conjugated macrocycles and explores its unique physical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Along Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shengda Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kang Wei
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yi X, Gao J, Qin H, Zheng L, Zeng W, Chen H. Double [4]Helicene-like Naphthobisbenzothiophene Diimides and Their Thienyl-S,S-dioxidized Derivatives with Attractive Solid-State Fluorescence and High Electron Affinity. Org Lett 2023; 25:972-976. [PMID: 36732283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of double [4]helicene-like naphthobisbenzothiophene diimides and their thienyl-S,S-dioxidized derivatives are synthesized via MoCl5-catalyzed cyclization and m-CPBA-mediated oxidation reactions. The functional five-membered ring diimides show a helicene-like geometry, strong solid-state fluorescence, and deep LUMO of -4.37 eV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Yi
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Junxiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Hanwen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Liping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Weixuan Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Huajie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu Y, Ni Z, Xiao Y, Chen Z, Wang S, Gai L, Zheng YX, Shen Z, Lu H, Guo Z. Helical β-isoindigo-Based Chromophores with B-O-B Bridge: Facile Synthesis and Tunable Near-Infrared Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218023. [PMID: 36583391 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is essential to create organic compounds that exhibit circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in the near-infrared (NIR) range. Helicene-type emitters possess appealing chiroptical features, however, such NIR molecules are scarce due to a paucity of synthetic strategies. Herein, we developed a series of helical β-isoindigo-based B-O-B bridged aza-BODIPY analogs that were synthesized conveniently. The reaction of diimino-β-isoindigo with a heteroaromatic amine produced a restricted ligand cavity, which triggered off the generation of a B-O-B bridge. The B-O-B bridge led to distorted conformations that satisfy the helical requirements, resulting in excellent spectroscopic and chiroptical properties. Tunable CPL with the highest luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum ) of 1.3×10-3 and a CPL brightness (BCPL =11.5 M-1 cm-1 ) in the NIR region was achieved. This synthetic approach is expected to offer a new opportunity to chiral chemistry and increase flexibility for chiroptical tuning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zhigang Ni
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Lizhi Gai
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - You-Xuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hua Lu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li JK, Chen XY, Zhao WL, Guo YL, Zhang Y, Wang XC, Sue ACH, Cao XY, Li M, Chen CF, Wang XY. Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Chiral Nanographene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215367. [PMID: 36428269 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chiral nanographenes with both high fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF ) and large dissymmetry factors (glum ) are essential to the development of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials. However, most studies have been focused on the improvement of glum , whereas how to design highly emissive chiral nanographenes is still unclear. In this work, we propose a new design strategy to achieve chiral nanographenes with high ΦF by helical π-extension of strongly luminescent chromophores while maintaining the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) distribution pattern. Chiral nanographene with perylene as the core and two dibenzo[6]helicene fragments as the wings has been synthesized, which exhibits a record high ΦF of 93 % among the reported chiral nanographenes and excellent CPL brightness (BCPL ) of 32 M-1 cm-1 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Long Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Long Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Chang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xiao X, Cheng Q, Bao ST, Jin Z, Sun S, Jiang H, Steigerwald ML, Nuckolls C. Single-Handed Helicene Nanoribbons via Transfer of Chiral Information. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20214-20220. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Si Tong Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Zexin Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shantao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Haoyu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang W, Shen J. Multiple Heterohelicenes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202069. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Wen Yang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Jian Shen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lin YC, She NZ, Chen CH, Yabushita A, Lin H, Li MH, Chang B, Hsueh TF, Tsai BS, Chen PT, Yang Y, Wei KH. Perylene Diimide-Fused Dithiophenepyrroles with Different End Groups as Acceptors for Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37990-38003. [PMID: 35904802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized four new A-DA'D-A acceptors (where A and D represent acceptor and donor chemical units) incorporating perylene diimide units (A') as their core structures and presenting various modes of halogenation and substitution of the functional groups at their end groups (A). In these acceptors, by fusing dithiophenepyrrole (DTP) moieties (D) to the helical perylene diimide dimer (hPDI) to form fused-hPDI (FhPDI) cores, we could increase the D/A' oscillator strength in the cores and, thus, the intensity of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), thereby enhancing the intensity of the absorption bands. With four different end group units─IC2F, IC2Cl, IO2F, and IO2Cl─tested, each of these acceptor molecules exhibited different optical characteristics. Among all of these systems, the organic photovoltaic device incorporating the polymer PCE10 blended with the acceptor FhPDI-IC2F (1:1.1 wt %) had the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.0%; the optimal PCEs of PCE10:FhPDI-IO2F, PCE10:FhPDI-IO2Cl, and PCE10:FhPDI-IC2Cl (1:1.1 wt %) devices were 5.2, 4.7, and 7.7%, respectively. The relatively high PCE of the PCE10:FhPDI-IC2F device resulted primarily from the higher absorption coefficients of the FhPDI-IC2F acceptor, lower energy loss, and more efficient charge transfer; the FhPDI-IC2F system experienced a lower degree of geminate recombination─as a result of improved delocalization of π-electrons along the acceptor unit─relative to that of the other three acceptors systems. Thus, altering the end groups of multichromophoric PDI units can increase the PCEs of devices incorporating PDI-derived materials and might also be a new pathway for the creation of other valuable fused-ring derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Che Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Zu She
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Atsushi Yabushita
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Heng Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Bin Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fang Hsueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Shiun Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tuan Chen
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kung-Hwa Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jin Z, Cheng Q, Bao ST, Zhang R, Evans AM, Ng F, Xu Y, Steigerwald ML, McDermott AE, Yang Y, Nuckolls C. Iterative Synthesis of Contorted Macromolecular Ladders for Fast-Charging and Long-Life Lithium Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13973-13980. [PMID: 35878396 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report here an iterative synthesis of long helical perylene diimide (hPDI[n]) nanoribbons with a length up to 16 fused benzene rings. These contorted, ladder-type conjugated, and atomically precise nanoribbons show great potential as organic fast-charging and long-lifetime battery cathodes. By tuning the length of the hPDI[n] oligomers, we can simultaneously modulate the electrical conductivity and ionic diffusivity of the material. The length of the ladders adjusts both the conjugation for electron transport and the contortion for lithium-ion transport. The longest oligomer, hPDI[6], when fabricated as the cathode in lithium batteries, features both high electrical conductivity and high ionic diffusivity. This electrode material exhibits a high power density and can be charged in less than 1 min to 66% of its maximum capacity. Remarkably, this material also has exceptional cycling stability and can operate for up to 10,000 charging-discharging cycles without any appreciable capacity decay. The design principles described here chart a clear path for organic battery electrodes that are sustainable, fast-charging, and long lasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Si Tong Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Fay Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yunyao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ann E McDermott
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li J, Li P, Fan M, Zheng X, Guan J, Yin M. Chirality of Perylene Diimides: Design Strategies and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202532. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Pengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Xian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Jun Guan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen F, Melle-Franco M, Mateo-Alonso A. Planar and Helical Dinaphthophenazines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7635-7642. [PMID: 35616330 PMCID: PMC9207929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the synthesis of a series of planar and helical dinaphthophenazines by cyclocondensation reactions between the newly developed 9,10-bis((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)anthracene-1,2-dione and different diamines. Their optoelectronic and electrochemical properties are studied by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and density functional theory calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengkun Chen
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO─Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Duan C, Zhang J, Xiang J, Yang X, Gao X. Azulene-Embedded [n]Helicenes (n=5, 6 and 7). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201494. [PMID: 35191154 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Azulene is a non-benzenoid aromatic building block with unique chemical structure and physicochemical properties. By using the "bottom-up" synthetic strategy, we synthesized three azulene-embedded [n]helicenes ([n]AzHs, n=5, 6 and 7), in which one terminal azulene subunit was fused with n-2 benzene rings. P- and M-enantiomers were observed in the packing diagrams of [5]-, and [6]AzHs. However, P- and M-[7]AzHs could be isolated by recrystallization of the racemic mixture. These [n]AzHs were endowed with new properties through the azulene moiety such as low-lying first electric state (S1 ), small optical energy gap and anti-Kasha emission. [6]-, and [7]AzHs exhibit strong chiroptical responses with high absorption dissymmetry factor (gabs ) maxima of about 0.02, which is among the highest |gabs | values of helicenes in the visible range. These azulene-embedded [n]helicenes contribute to the non-benzenoid helicene library and allow the structure-property relationships to be better understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Duan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Junjun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xike Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Balahoju SA, Maurya YK, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Kondratowicz M, Cybińska J, Stępień M. Helicity Modulation in NIR-Absorbing Porphyrin-Ryleneimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200781. [PMID: 35130373 PMCID: PMC9303407 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral substitution of a π‐extended porphyrin with bulky groups produces a curved chromophore with four helical stereogenic units. The curvature and stereochemistry of such porphyrins can be controlled by varying the substituents, coordinated metal ions, and apical ligands. In particular, when the achiral saddle‐shaped free bases are treated with large metal ions, i.e., CdII or HgII, the resulting complexes convert to chiral propeller‐like configurations. X‐ray diffraction analyses show that apical coordination of a water molecule is sufficient to induce a notable bowl‐like distortion of the cadmium complex, which however retains its chiral structure. For phenyl‐ and tolyl‐substituted derivatives, the conversion is thermodynamically controlled, whereas complexes bearing bulky 4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl groups transform into their chiral forms upon heating. In the latter case, the chiral Hg porphyrin was converted into the corresponding free base and other metal complexes without any loss of configurational purity, ultimately providing access to stable, enantiopure porphyrin propellers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogesh Kumar Maurya
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kondratowicz
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.,(PORT) Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii, ul. Stabłowicka 147, 54-066, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhao F, Zhao J, Wang Y, Liu HT, Shang Q, Wang N, Yin X, Zheng X, Chen P. [5]Helicene-based chiral triarylboranes with large luminescence dissymmetry factors over a 10 -2 level: synthesis and design strategy via isomeric tuning of steric substitutions. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6226-6234. [PMID: 35362491 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00677d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Constructing chiral luminescent systems with both large luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) and high luminous efficiency has been considered a great challenge. We herein describe a highly efficient approach to sterically stabilize the helical configurations of carbo[5]helicenes for improved CPL properties in a series of π-donor and π-acceptor substituted [5]helicenes (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). Enabled by the ortho-installation of methyl groups as well as the steric effects of triarylamine (Ar3N) and triarylborane (Ar3B) handles in meta-substituted [5]helicenes, their optical resolution into enantiomers has been accomplished using preparative chiral HPLC. The molecular chirality of [5]helicenes can be transferred to Ar3B and Ar3N as light emitters, which allowed further investigations of their chiroptics, including optical rotation, circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Remarkably, 4 has been demonstrated to display dramatically enhanced CPL performance with a much larger glum (>1.2 × 10-2) and an increased emission quantum efficiency (ΦS = 0.75) compared with the other analogues, as a result of the isomeric tuning of substitutions with differential steric and electronic effects. These experimentally observed CPL activities were rationalized by TD-DFT computations for the angle (θμ,m) between electric and magnetic transition dipole moments in the excited states. In addition, the conspicuous intramolecular donor-acceptor charge transfer led to thermal responses in the emissions of 2 and 4 over a broad temperature range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Hou-Ting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China
| | | | - Nan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen Y, Zhou R, Liu X, Yang C, Wang T, Shi F, Zhang L. π-Expanded triple [5]helicenes bearing dibenzocoronene monoimide subunits. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4671-4674. [PMID: 35319555 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel π-expanded triple [5]helicenes containing three dibenzocoronene monoimide subunits have been synthesized and characterized. The helicenes exhibit low-energy conformational interconversions, as supported by NMR spectra. The single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals a C1 conformation in the solid state. Furthermore, the helicenes exhibit ambipolar transport characteristics in thin film transistors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Ruihu Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Cao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute Composite Technology Center, Beijing 101300, P. R. China
| | - Fenghui Shi
- AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute Composite Technology Center, Beijing 101300, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li J, Li P, Fan M, Zheng X, Guan J, Yin M. Chirality of Perylene Diimides: Design Strategies and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering 100029 Beijing CHINA
| | - Pengyu Li
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Mingyu Fan
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Xian Zheng
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Jun Guan
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Meizhen Yin
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering No. 15 Bei San Huan Dong Lu 100029 Beijing CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Han SY, Mow RK, Bartholomew AK, Ng F, Steigerwald ML, Roy X, Nuckolls C, Wiscons RA. Broad-band Chiral Absorbance of Visible Light. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5263-5267. [PMID: 35302759 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The amplification of chiral absorbance and emission is a primary figure of merit for the design of chiral chromophores. However, for dyes to be practically relevant in chiroptical applications, they must also absorb and/or emit chiral light over broad wavelength ranges. We investigate the interplay between molecular symmetry and broad-band chiral absorbance in a series of [6]helicenes. We find that an asymmetric [6]helicene containing two distinct chromophores absorbs chiral light across a much wider wavelength range than the symmetric [6]helicenes investigated here. Chemically reducing the helicenes shifts the absorption edge of the ECD spectra into the near-infrared wavelength range while preserving broad chiral absorption, producing a [6]helicene that absorbs a single handedness of light across the entire visible wavelength range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sae Young Han
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Rachael K Mow
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Fay Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ren A Wiscons
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Duan C, Zhang J, Xiang J, Yang X, Gao X. Azulene‐Embedded [
n
]Helicenes (
n
=5, 6 and 7). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Duan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Junjun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Xike Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Balahoju SA, Maurya YK, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Kondratowicz M, Cybińska J, Stępień M. Helicity Modulation in NIR‐Absorbing Porphyrin‐Ryleneimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogesh Kumar Maurya
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Mateusz Kondratowicz
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
- (PORT) Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii ul. Stabłowicka 147 54-066 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zank S, Fernández‐García JM, Stasyuk AJ, Voityuk AA, Krug M, Solà M, Guldi DM, Martín N. Initiating Electron Transfer in Doubly Curved Nanographene Upon Supramolecular Complexation of C
60. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Zank
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jesús M. Fernández‐García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Avd. de la Complutense, S/N 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Anton J. Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Alexander A. Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA) 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Marcel Krug
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Avd. de la Complutense, S/N 28040 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia C/ Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Krompiec S, Kurpanik-Wójcik A, Matussek M, Gołek B, Mieszczanin A, Fijołek A. Diels-Alder Cycloaddition with CO, CO 2, SO 2, or N 2 Extrusion: A Powerful Tool for Material Chemistry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:172. [PMID: 35009318 PMCID: PMC8745824 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phenyl, naphthyl, polyarylphenyl, coronene, and other aromatic and polyaromatic moieties primarily influence the final materials' properties. One of the synthetic tools used to implement (hetero)aromatic moieties into final structures is Diels-Alder cycloaddition (DAC), typically combined with Scholl dehydrocondensation. Substituted 2-pyranones, 1,1-dioxothiophenes, and, especially, 1,3-cyclopentadienones are valuable substrates for [4 + 2] cycloaddition, leading to multisubstituted derivatives of benzene, naphthalene, and other aromatics. Cycloadditions of dienes can be carried out with extrusion of carbon dioxide, carbon oxide, or sulphur dioxide. When pyranones, dioxothiophenes, or cyclopentadienones and DA cycloaddition are aided with acetylenes including masked ones, conjugated or isolated diynes, or polyynes and arynes, aromatic systems are obtained. This review covers the development and the current state of knowledge regarding thermal DA cycloaddition of dienes mentioned above and dienophiles leading to (hetero)aromatics via CO, CO2, or SO2 extrusion. Particular attention was paid to the role that introduced aromatic moieties play in designing molecular structures with expected properties. Undoubtedly, the DAC variants described in this review, combined with other modern synthetic tools, constitute a convenient and efficient way of obtaining functionalized nanomaterials, continually showing the potential to impact materials sciences and new technologies in the nearest future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aneta Kurpanik-Wójcik
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (S.K.); (B.G.); (A.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Marek Matussek
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (S.K.); (B.G.); (A.M.); (A.F.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Schaack C, Evans AM, Ng F, Steigerwald ML, Nuckolls C. High-Performance Organic Electronic Materials by Contorting Perylene Diimides. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:42-51. [PMID: 34937338 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Perylene diimide (PDI) is a workhorse of the organic electronics community. However, the vast majority of designs that include PDI substitute the core with various functional groups to encourage intimate cofacial contacts between largely planar PDIs. Over the past several years, we have observed the counterintuitive result that contorting the planar aromatic core of PDI leads to higher performing photovoltaics, photodetectors, batteries, and other organic electronic devices. In this Perspective, we describe how different modes of contortion can be reliably installed into PDI-based molecules, oligomers, and polymers. We also describe how these different contortions modify the observed optical and electronic properties of PDI. For instance, contorting PDIs into bowls leads to high-efficiency singlet fission materials, while contorting PDIs into helicene-like structures leads to nonlinear amplification of Cotton effects, culminating in the highest g-factors so far observed for organic compounds. Finally, we show how these unique optoelectronic properties give rise to higher performance organic electronic devices. We specifically note how the three-dimensional structure of these contorted aromatic molecules is responsible for the enhancements in performance we observe. Throughout this Perspective, we highlight opportunities for continued study in this rapidly developing organic materials frontier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Schaack
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Mail Code 3130, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Mail Code 3130, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Fay Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Mail Code 3130, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Mail Code 3130, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Mail Code 3130, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sun H, Mu Z, Yang C, Zhang K, Ji X, Zhang T, Ding H, Wang S, Dong L, Zhang J, Zhang Q. Facile Azabenz-Annulations through UV-induced Photocyclization: A Promising Method for Perylenediimide-Based Organic Semiconductors. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101323. [PMID: 34918871 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The derivatization of perylenediimides (PDIs) by bay decoration is essential for the development of PDI-based semiconductors owing to their excellent photoelectric properties. Herein, four bis-azabenz-annulated PDIs (bis-AzaBPDIs) are concisely synthesized in high yields through ultraviolet-induced photocyclization, where the reaction processes including aldimine condensation, cyclization, and oxidative re-aromatization are investigated. The optical characterizations and theoretical simulation reveal that the unique properties of the four bis-AzaBPDIs are comparable to their parent PDI. Organic field effect transistors with compounds 2, 3, or 4 as active layers indicated that all compounds showed unipolar electron transport properties with the mobilities of 1.1×10-3 , 5.8×10-4 , and 8.5×10-6 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively. These results suggest the great potential of bis-AzaBPDIs as organic semiconductors. The easy preparation approach reported in this work would renew research interest in developing bis-AzaBPDI-based optoelectronic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sun
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, 2 Lishui Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou, 221018, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and InformationDisplays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zifeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and InformationDisplays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Canglei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and InformationDisplays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, 2 Lishui Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou, 221018, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Ji
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, 2 Lishui Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou, 221018, P. R. China
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, 2 Lishui Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou, 221018, P. R. China
| | - Huanda Ding
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Shifan Wang
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, 2 Lishui Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou, 221018, P. R. China
| | - Liming Dong
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, 2 Lishui Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou, 221018, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and InformationDisplays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China.,Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sidler E, Malinčík J, Prescimone A, Mayor M. Induced axial chirality by a tight belt: naphthalene chromophores fixed in a 2,5-substituted cofacial para-phenylene-ethynylene framework. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2021; 9:16199-16207. [PMID: 34912562 PMCID: PMC8614465 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc02180j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the design of a synthetically easy accessible axial chirality-inducing framework for a chromophore of choice. The scaffold consists of two basic para-phenylene-ethynylene backbones separated by laterally placed corner units. Substitution with an inherently achiral chromophore at the 2 and 5 positions of the central phenylene excitonically couples the chromophore associated transition and thereby results in chiroptical properties. Using 6-methoxynaphthalene as a model chromophore, we present the synthesis, structural analysis and spectroscopic investigation of the framework. The chiral framework was synthesized in three straightforward synthetic steps and fully characterized. The obtained racemic compounds were resolved using HPLC and assignment of the absolute configuration was performed using the exciton chirality method, crystallography and DFT calculations. This simple yet potent framework might prove useful to enrich the structural diversity of chiral materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Sidler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19 Basel 4056 Switzerland https://www.chemie1.unibas.ch/∼mayor/
| | - Juraj Malinčík
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19 Basel 4056 Switzerland https://www.chemie1.unibas.ch/∼mayor/
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19 Basel 4056 Switzerland https://www.chemie1.unibas.ch/∼mayor/
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19 Basel 4056 Switzerland https://www.chemie1.unibas.ch/∼mayor/
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P. O. Box 3640 Karlsruhe 76021 Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU) Guangzhou 510275 China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Romero DC, Calvo-Gredilla P, García-Calvo J, Diez-Varga A, Cuevas JV, Revilla-Cuesta A, Busto N, Abajo I, Aullón G, Torroba T. Self-Assembly Hydrosoluble Coronenes: A Rich Source of Supramolecular Turn-On Fluorogenic Sensing Materials in Aqueous Media. Org Lett 2021; 23:8727-8732. [PMID: 34751033 PMCID: PMC8609571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Water-soluble coronenes,
that form nanoparticles by self-association,
work as new fluorescent materials by complexation with cucurbit[7]uril,
as well as selective turn-on fluorogenic sensors for nitroaromatic
explosives with remarkable selectivity, by using only water as solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy C Romero
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.,Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Calvo-Gredilla
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.,Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José García-Calvo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.,Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Diez-Varga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.,Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Vicente Cuevas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.,Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Revilla-Cuesta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.,Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Busto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.,Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Abajo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.,Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Aullón
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomás Torroba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.,Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tsurusaki A, Kamikawa K. Multiple Helicenes Featuring Synthetic Approaches and Molecular Structures. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tsurusaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ken Kamikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li JK, Chen XY, Guo YL, Wang XC, Sue ACH, Cao XY, Wang XY. B,N-Embedded Double Hetero[7]helicenes with Strong Chiroptical Responses in the Visible Light Region. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17958-17963. [PMID: 34665638 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of helicene molecules with significant chiroptical responses covering a broad range of the visible spectrum is highly desirable for chiral optoelectronic applications; however, their absorption dissymmetry factors (gabs) have been mostly lower than 0.01. In this work, we report unprecedented B,N-embedded double hetero[7]helicenes with nonbonded B and N atoms, which exhibit excellent chiroptical properties, such as strong chiroptical activities from 300 to 700 nm, record high gabs up to 0.033 in the visible spectral range, and tunable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from red to near-infrared regions (600-800 nm) with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) up to 100%. As revealed by theoretical analyses, the high gabs values are related to the separate molecular orbital distributions owing to the incorporation of nonbonded B and N atoms. The new type of B,N-embedded double heterohelicenes opens up an appealing avenue to the future exploitation of high-performance chiroptical materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xing-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yun-Long Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin-Chang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zank S, Fernández-García JM, Stasyuk A, Voityuk A, Krug M, Solà M, Guldi D, Martin N. Initiating Electron Transfer in Doubly-curved Nanographene Upon Supramolecular Complexation of C 60. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112834. [PMID: 34633126 PMCID: PMC9303211 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The formation of supramolecular complexes between C60 and a molecular nanographene endowed with both positive and negative curvatures is described. The presence of a corannulene moiety and the saddle shape of the molecular nanographene allows the formation of complexes with 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 stoichiometries. The association constants for the three possible supramolecular complexes were determined by 1H NMR titration. Furthermore, the stability of the three complexes was calculated by theoretical methods that also predict the photoinduced electron transfer from the curved nanographene to the electron acceptor C60. Time‐resolved transient absorption measurements on the ns‐time scale showed that the addition of C60 to NG‐1 solutions and photo‐exciting them at 460 nm leads to the solvent‐dependent formation of new species, in particular the formation of the one‐electron reduced form of C60 in benzonitrile was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Zank
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | | | - Anton Stasyuk
- Universitat de Girona, Institut de Química Computacional and Department de Química, SPAIN
| | - Alexander Voityuk
- Institucion Catalana de Investigacion y Estudios Avanzados: Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, ICREA, SPAIN
| | - Marcel Krug
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Miquel Solà
- Universitat de Girona, Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de química, SPAIN
| | - Dirk Guldi
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Nazario Martin
- University Complutense, Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, 28040, Madrid, SPAIN
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nishimura I, Higashino T, Imahori H. Synthesis of thiophene-fused porphyrin dimers as effective π-extended helical chromophores. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9606-9609. [PMID: 34546258 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04215g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized thiophene-fused porphyrin dimers as effective π-extended helical chromophores. The porphyrin dimers exhibit a red-shifted absorption with the edge extending up to 1100 nm, implying strong electronic communication over the two porphyrin moieties through the thiophene-fused structure. Importantly, their racemic inversion barriers can be modulated by the central metal ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Issei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Higashino
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan. .,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ravat P, Saal F. Imide-Functionalized Helical PAHs: A Step towards New Chiral Functional Materials. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1616-5643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAttachment of cyclic imide groups to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) leads to fascinating electronic and luminescence properties, with rylene diimides being a representative example. The close to unity fluorescence quantum yields and electron-acceptor properties render them suitable for application in organic electronics and photovoltaics. Recent reports show that, in line with planar PAHs, the imide functionalization has also endowed helical three-dimensional PAHs with similar beneficial photophysical properties. In this article, we have summarized the state-of-the-art research developments in the field of helicene–imide hybrid functional molecules, with a particular focus on synthesis, (chir)optical and redox properties, and applications in electronics. Additionally, we have highlighted our recent work, introducing a novel family of functional chiral molecules, namely, [n]helicene diimides, as three-dimensional relatives of rylene diimides.
Collapse
|
39
|
Aranda D, Santoro F. Vibronic Spectra of π-Conjugated Systems with a Multitude of Coupled States: A Protocol Based on Linear Vibronic Coupling Models and Quantum Dynamics Tested on Hexahelicene. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:1691-1700. [PMID: 33606542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hexahelicene is a prototype of an extended π-conjugated system with axial chirality. Its absorption (ABS) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra show vibronic features and strong nonadiabatic effects, challenging currently available computational methods. Here, we compute the nonadiabatic ABS and ECD vibronic spectra of hexahelicene in the full energy range, covering ∼2 eV and 14-18 coupled electronic states, including all of the relevant nuclear coordinates. To this end, we exploit a recently proposed protocol that uses time-dependent density functional theory to parameterize linear vibronic coupling models comprising several electronic states. Spectra are computed through quantum dynamical propagations with multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree methods. Our results nicely reproduce the experimental spectra providing an assignment of the main observed bands. On the contrary, we document that the application of the Herzberg-Teller intensity-borrowing theory leads to large artifacts. The proposed approach is of general applicability for rigid systems and represents a viable tool for studying the photophysical properties of π-conjugated systems characterized by a dense manifold of interacting electronic states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aranda
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici (ICCOM-CNR), SS di Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici (ICCOM-CNR), SS di Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Medel MA, Tapia R, Blanco V, Miguel D, Morcillo SP, Campaña AG. Octagon-Embedded Carbohelicene as a Chiral Motif for Circularly Polarized Luminescence Emission of Saddle-Helix Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6094-6100. [PMID: 33337575 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report a new family of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC)-based helical nanographenes incorporating π-extended carbo[5]helicenes bearing an octagonal carbocycle. This family represents a new kind of highly distorted saddle-helix hybrid nanographenes. For the first time, the eight-membered ring becomes a constituent of both a carbo[5]helicene and a HBC and thus, the negative curvature is responsible for twisting both units. This novel chiral motif, namely, oct-[5]helicene results in the largest torsion angle recorded so far for a carbo[5]helicene (θ=79.5°), as it has been suggested by DFT-calculations and confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Consequently, the barriers of isomerization become exceptionally high for a [5]helicene unsubstituted in the fjord region since neither racemization nor decomposition were observed at 200 °C for 1 or 3 during 5 h. Therefore, racemic resolutions allowed subsequent chiroptical studies showing the ECD and CPL responses of this novel family of chiral nanographenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Medel
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Rubén Tapia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Victor Blanco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Delia Miguel
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, UEQ, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sara P Morcillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Araceli G Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Medel MA, Tapia R, Blanco V, Miguel D, Morcillo SP, Campaña AG. Octagon‐Embedded Carbohelicene as a Chiral Motif for Circularly Polarized Luminescence Emission of Saddle‐Helix Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Medel
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ) Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Rubén Tapia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ) Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Victor Blanco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ) Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Delia Miguel
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica Facultad de Farmacia, UEQ Universidad de Granada Granada Spain
| | - Sara P. Morcillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ) Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ) Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada 18071 Granada Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dusold C, Sharapa DI, Hampel F, Hirsch A. π-Extended Diaza[7]helicenes by Hybridization of Naphthalene Diimides and Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:2332-2341. [PMID: 32815577 PMCID: PMC7898888 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of an unprecedented, π-extended hexabenzocorene (HBC)-based diaza[7]helicene is presented. The target compound was synthesized by an ortho-fusion of two naphthalene diimide (NDI) units to a HBC-skeleton. A combination of Diels-Alder and Scholl-type oxidation reactions involving a symmetric di-NDI-tolane precursor were crucial for the very selective formation of the helical superstructure via a hexaphenyl-benzene (HPB) derivative. The formation of the diaza[7]helicene moiety in the final Scholl oxidation is favoured, affording the symmetric π-extended helicene as the major product as a pair of enantiomers. The separation of the enantiomers was successfully accomplished by HPLC involving a chiral stationary phase. The absolute configuration of the enantiomers was assigned by comparison of circular dichroism spectra with quantum mechanical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Dusold
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Dmitry I. Sharapa
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University,2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen XY, Li JK, Wang XY. Recent Advances in the Syntheses of Helicene-Based Molecular Nanocarbons via the Scholl Reaction. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202107063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
45
|
Zhu G, Zhang G. Access to benzo-fused aza[7]helicene via unexpected indolization of alkyne-amine. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00885d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient base-mediated indolization of alkyne-amine for the synthesis of quinolone-fused indole was developed and further applied to synthesize di- and triaza[7]helicenes bearing two and three pentagons, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanxing Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu Y, Aranda D, Santoro F. A computational study of the vibronic effects on the electronic spectra and the photophysics of aza[7]helicene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16551-16563. [PMID: 34338704 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00822f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a computational study on vibronic effects in the spectroscopy, photoinduced processes and decay back to the ground state of aza[7]helicene, a helicene with an unusually high fluorescence quantum yield (QY = 0.39). In a first step, we compute and assign the absorption and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra in its full frequency range from 2.7 to 5.0 eV, accounting for nonadiabatic effects. Then we compute the quantum dynamics of the cascade of ultrafast internal conversions of the highly-excited singlet states to the lowest-energy one S1. Finally we adopt Fermi golden rule rates to compute the QY of the dye, taking into account the competition between the radiative decay and the nonradiative decays to the ground state and to the energy-accessible triplet states. We use time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), including solvent (dichloromethane) effects within the polarizable continuum model, to parameterize a linear vibronic coupling (LVC) model involving the first lowest 12 singlet states and all the normal coordinates. Nonadiabatic spectra and internal conversions dynamics are then computed through wavepacket propagations with the Multilayer (ML) extension of the Multiconfigurational Time Dependent Hartree method (ML-MCTDH). We highlight the molecular vibrations playing a major role in determining the shape of the spectra and analyse the effect of inter-state couplings. At the same time we report a breakdown of perturbative Herzberg-Teller approach. The computed QY is in perfect agreement with experiment and allows us to ascertain that intersystem crossings are the processes limiting the fluorescence from S1. They involve the three lowest triplet states and are made effective by spin-orbit coupling and vibronic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, 264025 Yantai, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Xiao X, Pedersen SK, Aranda D, Yang J, Wiscons RA, Pittelkow M, Steigerwald ML, Santoro F, Schuster NJ, Nuckolls C. Chirality Amplified: Long, Discrete Helicene Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:983-991. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York 10027, United States
| | - Stephan K. Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Daniel Aranda
- Departamente de Quimica Fisica, Universidad de Malaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31, Malaga 29010, Spain
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici (ICCOM-CNR), SS di Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ren A. Wiscons
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael Pittelkow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Fabrizio Santoro
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici (ICCOM-CNR), SS di Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Saal F, Zhang F, Holzapfel M, Stolte M, Michail E, Moos M, Schmiedel A, Krause AM, Lambert C, Würthner F, Ravat P. [n]Helicene Diimides (n = 5, 6, and 7): Through-Bond versus Through-Space Conjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21298-21303. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fridolin Saal
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Evripidis Michail
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana-Maria Krause
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Prince Ravat
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Weiss C, Sharapa DI, Hirsch A. Coronenohelicenes with Dynamic Chirality. Chemistry 2020; 26:14100-14108. [PMID: 32449817 PMCID: PMC7702068 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new type of chiral and dynamic nonplanar aromatics containing a combination of fused perylene-based coronenes and helicenes is reported. Either one or two helicene moieties were fused to the bay regions of an extended perylene core. The target compounds contain either identical or two different helicene building blocks. The combination with two helicene units leads to six different isomers, including two pairs of enantiomers and two meso forms. The experimental determination of the isomerization barriers the corresponding double [5]-helicenes revealed activation energies of Ea =24.81 and 25.38 kcal mol-1 , which is slightly above the barrier of the parent [5]-helicene. Resolution of all possible regio- and stereoisomers allowed for the systematic investigation of the chiroptical properties. They revealed remarkable dissymmetry factors Igabs I of up to 1.2×10-2 , which mirror the synergy between the strong absorbing perylenes and the inherent chirality of helicenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Dmitry I. Sharapa
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kato K, Osuka A. Propeller-Shaped Semi-fused Porphyrin Trimers: Molecular-Symmetry-Dependent Chiroptical Response. Chemistry 2020; 26:10217-10221. [PMID: 32459376 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Triple helicene-like semi-fused trimeric NiII porphyrins were constructed by alkyne trimerization of an ethynyl-substituted porphyrin and subsequent three-fold Grignard addition to the formyl groups and acid-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization. The presence of stereogenic sp3 carbons in the central bridge leads to small inter-porphyrin conjugative interactions as was revealed by electrochemical and optical properties. Two diastereomers with stable chiral conformations were optically resolved, and the separated enantiomers displayed considerably intense circular dichroism. Importantly, the chiroptical response of C3 -symmetric helical isomer (|Δϵ|=830 m-1 cm-1 ) is 1.8 times amplified from that of C1 -symmetric one (|Δϵ|=470 m-1 cm-1 ). The observed amplification has been interpreted in terms of different spatial arrangements of the three porphyrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|