1
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Paul I, Valiyev I, Ghosh A, Schmittel M. Dynamic negative allosteric effect: regulation of catalysis via multicomponent rotor speed. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7085-7088. [PMID: 38896476 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02144d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Nanorotor R1 (420 kHz) was assembled from five components utilizing three orthogonal interactions. Post-modification at the distal position generated the advanced six component rotor R2 (45 kHz). The decrease in R2 speed leads to the inhibition of a three-component reaction by reducing catalyst release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Isa Valiyev
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
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2
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Grinde NA, Kehoe ZR, Vang HG, Mancheski LJ, Bosch E, Southern SA, Bryce DL, Bowling NP. Rapid Access to Encapsulated Molecular Rotors via Coordination-Driven Macrocycle Formation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301745. [PMID: 37308699 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Macrocycle formation that relies upon trans metal coordination of appropriately placed pyridine ligands within an arylene ethynylene construct provides rapid and reliable access to molecular rotators encapsulated within macrocyclic stators. Showing no significant close contacts to the central rotators, X-ray crystallography of AgI -coordinated macrocycles provides plausibility for unobstructed rotation or wobbling of rotators within the central cavity. Solid-state 13 C NMR of PdII -coordinated macrocycles supports the notion of unobstructed movement of simple arenes in the crystal lattice. Solution 1 H NMR studies indicate complete and immediate macrocycle formation upon the introduction of PdII to the pyridyl-based ligand at room temperature. Moreover, the formed macrocycle is stable in solution; a lack of significant changes in the 1 H NMR spectrum upon cooling to -50 °C is consistent with the absence of dynamic behavior. The synthetic route to these macrocycles is expedient and modular, providing access to rather complex constructs in four simple steps involving Sonogashira coupling and deprotection reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah A Grinde
- Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA
| | - Zachary R Kehoe
- Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA
| | - Herh G Vang
- Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA
| | - Lucas J Mancheski
- Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA
| | - Eric Bosch
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Missouri State University, 901 South National Avenue, Springfield, MO, 65897, USA
| | - Scott A Southern
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nathan P Bowling
- Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA
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3
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Kundu S, Mondal D, Rajasekaran VV, Goswami A, Schmittel M. Three-Input Logic AND Gate Drives Sequential Three-Step Catalysis by Parallel Activation of H + and Ag + as a Catalyst Duo. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17007-17011. [PMID: 36264551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Boolean operations with multiple catalysts as output are yet unknown using molecular logic. The issue is solved using a two-component ensemble, composed of a receptor and rotaxane, which acts as a three-input AND gate with a dual catalytic output. Actuation of the ensemble gate by the stoichiometric addition of metal ions (Ag+ and Cd2+) and 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid generated in the (1,1,1) truth table state a catalyst duo that synergistically enabled a three-step reaction, furnishing a dihydroisoquinoline as the output of a three-input logic AND gate operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohom Kundu
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Debabrata Mondal
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Vishnu Verman Rajasekaran
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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4
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Kundu S, Mondal D, Elramadi E, Valiyev I, Schmittel M. Parallel Allosteric Inhibition of Shuttling Motion and Catalysis in a Silver(I)-loaded [2]Rotaxane. Org Lett 2022; 24:6609-6613. [PMID: 36053156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A dynamic silver(I)-loaded [2]rotaxane shuttle (k298 = 135 kHz) was converted allosterically into a conformationally restricted [2]rotaxane due to the creation of a bulky imine in the center of the axle component. Only the dynamic silver(I)-loaded [2]rotaxane was able to catalyze a 6-endo-cyclization reaction, whereas the static one was catalytically quiet. The mechanism of catalyst deactivation was elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohom Kundu
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Debabrata Mondal
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Emad Elramadi
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Isa Valiyev
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Universität Siegen, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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5
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Kundu S, Ghosh A, Paul I, Schmittel M. Multicomponent Pseudorotaxane Quadrilateral as Dual-Way Logic AND Gate with Two Catalytic Outputs. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13039-13043. [PMID: 35834720 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A multicomponent pseudorotaxane quadrilateral was reversibly toggled between three distinct switching states. Switching in the forward conversion was achieved by addition of H+ and K+ ions, and switching in the reverse direction was performed by addition of 18-crown-6 and 1-aza-18-crown-6. In both the forward and backward ways, the inputs operated an AND gate with distinct catalytic outputs. While in the forward direction the logic AND operation starting from a heteroleptic five-component assembly turned "ON" an imine hydrolysis as output (AND-1), in the inverse direction a Michael addition was ignited as the output starting from a seven-component aggregate following the AND gate logic (AND-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohom Kundu
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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6
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Mandal M, Guria UN, Halder S, Karak A, Banik D, Jana K, Kar A, Mahapatra AK. A dual-channel chemodosimetric sensor for discrimination between hypochlorite and nerve-agent mimic DCP: application on human breast cancer cells. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4803-4814. [PMID: 35647766 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00721e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A styryl bridge containing a triphenylamine-thioimidazole hydrazine-based dual-analyte-responsive fluorescent sensor was designed and synthesized for the detection of the nerve gas simulant diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP) and hypochlorite (OCl-) for the first time. Hypochlorite induces oxidative intramolecular cyclization to give a triazole structure, which exhibited blue fluorescence with excellent selectivity and a low detection limit (8.05 × 10-7 M) in solution. Conversely, the probe forms a phosphorylated intermediate with diethyl chlorophosphate, which undergoes further hydrolyzation and presents green fluorescence in a ratiometric mode with a low detection limit (3.56 × 10-8 M). Additionally, the as-designed sensor was utilized to construct a portable kit for real-time monitoring of DCP in a discriminatory, simple and safe manner. Lastly, the probe was also productively employed for in situ imaging of OCl- and DCP in the living cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumi Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711 103, India.
| | - Uday Narayan Guria
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711 103, India.
| | - Satyajit Halder
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P 1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata-700 054, India
| | - Anirban Karak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711 103, India.
| | - Dipanjan Banik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711 103, India.
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P 1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata-700 054, India
| | - Arik Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711 103, India.
| | - Ajit Kumar Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711 103, India.
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7
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Valiyev I, Ghosh A, Paul I, Schmittel M. Concurrent base and silver(I) catalysis pulsed by fuel acid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1728-1731. [PMID: 35024705 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06398g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of a crown-ether receptor and a silver(I)-loaded cyclam derivative (NetState-I) with a fuel acid reversibly afforded the protonated cyclam and the silver(I)-loaded crown ether (NetState-II). While NetState-I was catalytically OFF, a base-catalysed Michael addition and a silver(I)-catalysed oxime cyclisation reaction was pulsed under dissipative conditions in NetState-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Valiyev
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen D-57068, Germany.
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen D-57068, Germany.
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen D-57068, Germany.
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen D-57068, Germany.
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8
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Tong YJ, Yu LD, Li N, Fu Q, Xu K, Wei J, Ye YX, Xu J, Zhu F, Pawliszyn J, Ouyang G. Ratiometric fluorescent probe for the on-site monitoring of coexisted Hg 2+ and F - in sequence. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1183:338967. [PMID: 34627509 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of mercury and fluoride ions (Hg2+ and F-) has aroused wide concerns owing to the high toxicity of Hg2+ and the duplicitous nature of F- to human health. As far as we known, more than 100 million people in poverty-stricken areas are still at high risk of being over-exposed to Hg2+ and F- via drinking water. Simple and cost-effective luminescent methods are highly promising for on-site water monitoring in rural areas. However, the development of multipurpose luminescent probes that are accurate and sensitive remains challenging. Herein, a new strategy for rationally designing a multipurpose ratiometric probe is present. The obtained probe is consisted of two emission units with energy transfer between them, which exhibit high coordination affinities to the two coexisted toxic targets (Hg2+ and F-), respectively. Thus, two distinct routes for efficiently modulating the energy transfer in the probe are present to trigger the responses to the two targets in sequence. By detecting the shift of the emission color with a smartphone, an on-site water monitoring method is successfully established with the detection limits as low as 2.7 nM for Hg2+ and 1.9 μM for F-. The present study can expend the toolbox for water monitoring in rural regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jun Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lu-Dan Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Nan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Qi Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ke Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jiajun Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu-Xin Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jianqiao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Fang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Chemistry College, Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou, 510070, China
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9
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Olivo G, Capocasa G, Del Giudice D, Lanzalunga O, Di Stefano S. New horizons for catalysis disclosed by supramolecular chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7681-7724. [PMID: 34008654 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00175b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The adoption of a supramolecular approach in catalysis promises to address a number of unmet challenges, ranging from activity (unlocking of novel reaction pathways) to selectivity (alteration of the innate selectivity of a reaction, e.g. selective functionalization of C-H bonds) and regulation (switch ON/OFF, sequential catalysis, etc.). Supramolecular tools such as reversible association and recognition, pre-organization of reactants and stabilization of transition states upon binding offer a unique chance to achieve the above goals disclosing new horizons whose potential is being increasingly recognized and used, sometimes reaching the degree of ripeness for practical use. This review summarizes the main developments that have opened such new frontiers, with the aim of providing a guide to researchers approaching the field. We focus on artificial supramolecular catalysts of defined stoichiometry which, under homogeneous conditions, unlock outcomes that are highly difficult if not impossible to attain otherwise, namely unnatural reactivity or selectivity and catalysis regulation. The different strategies recently explored in supramolecular catalysis are concisely presented, and, for each one, a single or very few examples is/are described (mainly last 10 years, with only milestone older works discussed). The subject is divided into four sections in light of the key design principle: (i) nanoconfinement of reactants, (ii) recognition-driven catalysis, (iii) catalysis regulation by molecular machines and (iv) processive catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Olivo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Capocasa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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10
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Merzlyakova E, Wolf S, Lebedkin S, Bayarjargal L, Neumeier BL, Bartenbach D, Holzer C, Klopper W, Winkler B, Kappes M, Feldmann C. 18-Crown-6 Coordinated Metal Halides with Bright Luminescence and Nonlinear Optical Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:798-804. [PMID: 33405904 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The crown-ether coordination compounds ZnX2(18-crown-6), EuX2(18-crown-6) (X: Cl, Br, I), MnI2(18-crown-6), Mn3Cl6(18-crown-6)2, Mn3I6(18-crown-6)2, and Mn2I4(18-crown-6) are obtained by ionic-liquid-based synthesis. Whereas MX2(18-crown-6) (M: Zn, Eu) show conventional structural motives, Mn3Cl6(18-crown-6)2, Mn3I6(18-crown-6)2, and Mn2I4(18-crown-6) exhibit unusual single MnX4 tetrahedra coordinated to the crown-ether complex. Surprisingly, some compounds show outstanding photoluminescence. Thus, rare Zn2+-based luminescence is observed and unexpectedly efficient for ZnI2(18-crown-6) with a quantum yield of 54%. Unprecedented quantum yields are also observed for Mn3I6(18-crown-6)2, EuBr2(18-crown-6), and EuI2(18-crown-6) with values of 98, 72, and 82%, respectively, which can be rationalized based on the specific structural features. Most remarkable, however, is Mn2I4(18-crown-6). Its specific structural features with finite sensitizer-activator couples result in an extremely strong emission with an outstanding quantum yield of 100%. Consistent with its structural features, moreover, anisotropic angle-dependent emission under polarized light and nonlinear optical (NLO) effects occur, including second-harmonic generation (SHG). The title compounds and their optical properties are characterized by single-crystal structure analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, chemical analysis, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and advanced spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Merzlyakova
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (IAC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Silke Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (IAC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lkhamsuren Bayarjargal
- Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhoeferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B Lilli Neumeier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (IAC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Bartenbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (IAC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christof Holzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bjoern Winkler
- Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhoeferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manfred Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (IAC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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11
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Schmittel M, Howlader P. Toward Molecular Cybernetics - the Art of Communicating Chemical Systems. CHEM REC 2020; 21:523-543. [PMID: 33350570 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The emerging field of molecular cybernetics has the potential to widely broaden our perception of chemistry. Chemistry will develop beyond its current focus that is mainly concerned with single transformations, pure compounds, and/or defined mixtures. On this way, chemistry will become autonomous, networked and smart through communicating molecules each of which serves a control engineering purpose, like the set of wheels in the machinery of life. The present personal account describes our latest developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Prodip Howlader
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
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12
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Ghosh A, Schmittel M. Using multiple self-sorting for switching functions in discrete multicomponent systems. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2831-2853. [PMID: 33281986 PMCID: PMC7684700 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over years self-sorting has developed into a powerful tool in supramolecular chemistry, for instance, to promote the error-free formation of intricate multicomponent assemblies. However, in order to use the enormous potential of self-sorting for sophisticated information processing more recent developments have focused on the reversible reconfiguration of multicomponent systems driven by multiple self-sorting protocols. The present mini review will provide an overview over the latest advancements in this field with a focus on reversibly switchable functions in discrete supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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Mittal N, Paul I, Pramanik S, Schmittel M. Remote control of the reversible assembly/disassembly of supramolecular aggregates. Supramol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2020.1711907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Mittal
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Susnata Pramanik
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
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Saha S, Biswas PK, Paul I, Schmittel M. Selective and reversible interconversion of nanosliders commanded by remote control via metal-ion signaling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14733-14736. [PMID: 31750846 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07415e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A multi-device network mainly consisting of two two-component nanosliders was formed by self-sorting of six components. Addition/removal of zinc(ii) ions reversibly reorganized the network by chemical signaling involving the translocation of copper(i) from a relay station followed by the selective disassembly/assembly of one of both multi-component devices. The thus liberated machine parts served to erect a three-component nanoslider alongside the other unchanged two-component nanoslider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
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Ghosh A, Paul I, Schmittel M. Time-Dependent Pulses of Lithium Ions in Cascaded Signaling and Out-of-Equilibrium (Supra)molecular Logic. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18954-18957. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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16
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Paul I, Ghosh A, Bolte M, Schmittel M. Remote Control of the Synthesis of a [2]Rotaxane and its Shuttling via Metal-Ion Translocation. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1355-1360. [PMID: 31763127 PMCID: PMC6863578 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote control in an eight-component network commanded both the synthesis and shuttling of a [2]rotaxane via metal-ion translocation, the latter being easily monitored by distinct colorimetric and fluorimetric signals. Addition of zinc(II) ions to the red colored copper-ion relay station rapidly liberated copper(I) ions and afforded the corresponding zinc complex that was visualized by a bright sky blue fluorescence at 460 nm. In a mixture of all eight components of the network, the liberated copper(I) ions were translocated to a macrocycle that catalyzed formation of a rotaxane by a double-click reaction of acetylenic and diazide compounds. The shuttling frequency in the copper-loaded [2]rotaxane was determined to k 298=30 kHz (ΔH ≠=62.3±0.6 kJ mol-1, ΔS ≠=50.1±5.1 J mol-1 K-1, ΔG ≠ 298=47.4 kJ mol-1). Removal of zinc(II) ions from the mixture reversed the system back generating the metal-free rotaxane. Further alternate addition and removal of Zn2+ reversibly controlled the shuttling mode of the rotaxane in this eight-component network where the ion translocation status was monitored by the naked eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversität SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Str. 2D-57068SiegenGermany
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversität SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Str. 2D-57068SiegenGermany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieGoethe-Universität FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Strasse 7D-60438Frankfurt (Main)Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversität SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Str. 2D-57068SiegenGermany
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Paul I, Samanta D, Gaikwad S, Schmittel M. Selective detection of DABCO using a supramolecular interconversion as fluorescence reporter. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1371-1378. [PMID: 31293687 PMCID: PMC6604717 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative double self-sorting between the three-component rectangle [Cu4(1)2(2)2]4+ and the four-component sandwich complex [Cu2(1)(2)(4)]2+ is triggered by inclusion and release of DABCO (4). The fully reversible and clean switching between two multicomponent supramolecular architectures can be monitored by fluorescence changes at the zinc porphyrin sites. The structural changes are accompanied by a huge spatial contraction/expansion of the zinc porphyrin–zinc porphyrin distances that change from 31.2/38.8 Å to 6.6 Å and back. The supramolecular interconversion was used for the highly selective detection of DABCO in a mixture of other similar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Debabrata Samanta
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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