1
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Mishra S, Vilas-Varela M, Lieske LA, Ortiz R, Fatayer S, Rončević I, Albrecht F, Frederiksen T, Peña D, Gross L. Bistability between π-diradical open-shell and closed-shell states in indeno[1,2-a]fluorene. Nat Chem 2024; 16:755-761. [PMID: 38332330 PMCID: PMC11087267 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Indenofluorenes are non-benzenoid conjugated hydrocarbons that have received great interest owing to their unusual electronic structure and potential applications in nonlinear optics and photovoltaics. Here we report the generation of unsubstituted indeno[1,2-a]fluorene on various surfaces by the cleavage of two C-H bonds in 7,12-dihydroindeno[1,2-a]fluorene through voltage pulses applied by the tip of a combined scanning tunnelling microscope and atomic force microscope. On bilayer NaCl on Au(111), indeno[1,2-a]fluorene is in the neutral charge state, but it exhibits charge bistability between neutral and anionic states on the lower-workfunction surfaces of bilayer NaCl on Ag(111) and Cu(111). In the neutral state, indeno[1,2-a]fluorene exhibits one of two ground states: an open-shell π-diradical state, predicted to be a triplet by density functional and multireference many-body perturbation theory calculations, or a closed-shell state with a para-quinodimethane moiety in the as-indacene core. We observe switching between open- and closed-shell states of a single molecule by changing its adsorption site on NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CiQUS) and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Ortiz
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Shadi Fatayer
- Applied Physics Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Igor Rončević
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CiQUS) and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Leo Gross
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
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2
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Yamada TK, Nemoto R, Ishii H, Nishino F, Chang YH, Wang CH, Krüger P, Horie M. Designing 2D stripe winding network through crown-ether intermediate Ullmann coupling on Cu(111) surface. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:718-730. [PMID: 38533801 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00586k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis typically yields the most thermodynamically stable ordered arrangement, a principle also governing surface synthesis on an atomically level two-dimensional (2D) surface, fostering the creation of structured 2D formations. The linear connection arising from energetically stable chemical bonding precludes the generation of a 2D random network comprised of one-dimensional (1D) convoluted stripes through on-surface synthesis. Nonetheless, we underscored that on-surface synthesis possesses the capability not solely to fashion a 2D ordered linear network but also to fabricate a winding 2D network employing a precursor with a soft ring and intermediate state bonding within the Ullmann reaction. Here, on-surface synthesis was exhibited on Cu(111) employing a 2D self-assembled monolayer array of 4,4',5,5'-tetrabromodibenzo[18]crown-6 ether (BrCR) precursors. These precursors were purposefully structured, with a crown ether ring at the core and Br atoms positioned at the head and tail ends, facilitating preferential connections along the elongated axis to foster a 1D stripe configuration. We illustrate how adjustments in the quantities of the intermediate state, serving as a primary linkage, can yield a labyrinthine, convoluted winding 2D network of stripes. The progression of growth, underlying mechanisms, and electronic structures were scrutinized using an ultrahigh vacuum low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) setup combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This experimental evidence opens a novel functionality in leveraging on-surface synthesis for the formation of a 2D random network. This discovery holds promise as a pioneering constituent in the construction of a ring host supramolecule, augmenting its capability to ensnare guest atoms, molecules, or ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyo Kazu Yamada
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
- Molecular Chirality Research Centre, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nemoto
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Haruki Ishii
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Fumi Nishino
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Yu-Hsin Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Peter Krüger
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
- Molecular Chirality Research Centre, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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3
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Yang K, Li Z, Huang Y, Zeng Z. bay/ ortho-Octa-substituted Perylene: A Versatile Building Block toward Novel Polycyclic (Hetero)Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:763-775. [PMID: 38386871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusPolycyclic (hetero)aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have emerged as a focal point in current interdisciplinary research, spanning the realms of chemistry, physics, and materials science. Possessing distinctive optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, these π-functional materials exhibit significant potential across diverse applications, including molecular electronic devices, organic spintronics, and biomedical functions, among others. Despite the extensive documentation of various PAHs over the decades, the efficient and precise synthesis of π-extended PAHs remains a formidable challenge, hindering their broader application. This challenge is primarily attributed to the intricate and often elusive nature of their synthesis, compounded by issues related to low solubility and unfavored stability.The development of π-building blocks that can be facilely and modularly transformed into diverse π-frameworks constitutes a potent strategy for the creation of novel PAH materials. For instance, based on the classic perylene diimide (PDI) unit, researchers such as Würthner, Wang, and Nuckolls have successfully synthesized a plethora of structurally diverse PAHs, as well as numerous other π-functional materials. However, until now the availability of such versatile building blocks is still severely limited, especially for those simultaneously having a facile preparation process, adequate solubilizing groups, favored material stability, and critically, rich possibilities for structural extension spaces.In this Account, we present an overview of our invention of a highly versatile bay-/ortho-octa-substituted perylene building block, designated as Per-4Br, for the construction of a series of novel PAH scaffolds with tailor-made structures and rich optoelectronic and magnetic properties. First, starting with a brief discussion of current challenges associated with the bottom-up synthesis of π-extended PAHs, we rationalize the key features of Per-4Br that enable facile access to new PAH molecules including its ease of large-scale preparation, favored material stability and solubility, and multiple flexible reaction sites, with a comparison to the PDI motif. Then, we showcase our rational design and sophisticated synthesis of a body of neutral or charged, closed- or open-shell, curved, or planar PAHs via controlled annulative π-extensions in different directions such as peripheral, diagonal, or multiple dimensions of the Per-4Br skeleton. In this part, the fundamental structure-property relationships between molecular conformations, electronic structures, and self-assembly behaviors of these PAHs and their unique physiochemical properties such as unusual open-shell ground states, global aromaticity, state-associated/stimuli-responsive magnetic activity, and charge transport characteristics will be emphatically elaborated. Finally, we offer our perspective on the continued advancement of π-functional materials based on Per-4Br, which, we posit, may stimulate heightened research interest in the versatile structural motifs typified by Per-4Br, consequently catalyzing further progress in the realm of organic π-functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zuhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yulin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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4
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Di Giovannantonio M, Qiu Z, Pignedoli CA, Asako S, Ruffieux P, Müllen K, Narita A, Fasel R. On-surface cyclization of vinyl groups on poly-para-phenylene involving an unusual pentagon to hexagon transformation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1910. [PMID: 38429274 PMCID: PMC10907692 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
On-surface synthesis relies on carefully designed molecular precursors that are thermally activated to afford desired, covalently coupled architectures. Here, we study the intramolecular reactions of vinyl groups in a poly-para-phenylene-based model system and provide a comprehensive description of the reaction steps taking place on the Au(111) surface under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. We find that vinyl groups successfully cyclize with the phenylene rings in the ortho positions, forming a dimethyl-dihydroindenofluorene as the repeating unit, which can be further dehydrogenated to a dimethylene-dihydroindenofluorene structure. Interestingly, the obtained polymer can be transformed cleanly into thermodynamically stable polybenzo[k]tetraphene at higher temperature, involving a previously elusive pentagon-to-hexagon transformation via ring opening and rearrangement on a metal surface. Our insights into the reaction cascade unveil fundamental chemical processes involving vinyl groups on surfaces. Because the formation of specific products is highly temperature-dependent, this innovative approach offers a valuable tool for fabricating complex, low-dimensional nanostructures with high precision and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia - CNR (ISM-CNR), 00133, Roma, Italy.
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, P.R. China
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sobi Asako
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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5
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Pavlak I, Matasović L, Buchanan EA, Michl J, Rončević I. Electronic Structure of Metalloporphenes, Antiaromatic Analogues of Graphene. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3992-4000. [PMID: 38294407 PMCID: PMC10870706 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Zinc porphene is a two-dimensional material made of fully fused zinc porphyrins in a tetragonal lattice. It has a fully conjugated π-system, making it similar to graphene. Zinc porphene has recently been synthesized, and a combination of rough conductivity measurements and infrared and Raman spectroscopies all suggested that it is a semiconductor (Magnera, T.F. et al. Porphene and Porphite as Porphyrin Analogs of Graphene and Graphite, Nat. Commun.2023, 14, 6308). This is in contrast with all previous predictions of its electronic structure, which indicated metallic conductivity. We show that the gap-opening in zinc porphene is caused by a Peierls distortion of its unit cell from square to rectangular, thus giving the first account of its electronic structure in agreement with the experiment. Accounting for this distortion requires proper treatment of electron delocalization, which can be done using hybrid functionals with a substantial amount of exact exchange. Such a functional, PBE38, is then applied to predict the properties of many first transition row metalloporphenes, some of which have already been prepared. We find that changing the metal strongly affects the electronic structure of metalloporphenes, resulting in a rich variety of both metallic conductors and semiconductors, which may be of great interest to molecular electronics and spintronics. Properties of these materials are mostly governed by the extent of the Peierls distortion and the number of electrons in their π-system, analogous to changes in aromaticity observed in cyclic conjugated molecules upon oxidation or reduction. These results give an account of how the concept of antiaromaticity can be extended to periodic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Pavlak
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Lujo Matasović
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Eric A. Buchanan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Josef Michl
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Rončević
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 16610, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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6
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Jacobse P, Daugherty MC, Čerņevičs K, Wang Z, McCurdy RD, Yazyev OV, Fischer FR, Crommie MF. Five-Membered Rings Create Off-Zero Modes in Nanographene. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24901-24909. [PMID: 38051766 PMCID: PMC10753889 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The low-energy electronic structure of nanographenes can be tuned through zero-energy π-electron states, typically referred to as zero-modes. Customizable electronic and magnetic structures have been engineered by coupling zero-modes through exchange and hybridization interactions. Manipulation of the energy of such states, however, has not yet received significant attention. We find that attaching a five-membered ring to a zigzag edge hosting a zero-mode perturbs the energy of that mode and turns it into an off-zero mode: a localized state with a distinctive electron-accepting character. Whereas the end states of typical 7-atom-wide armchair graphene nanoribbons (7-AGNRs) lose their electrons when physisorbed on Au(111) (due to its high work function), converting them into off-zero modes by introducing cyclopentadienyl five-membered rings allows them to retain their single-electron occupation. This approach enables the magnetic properties of 7-AGNR end states to be explored using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on a gold substrate. We find a gradual decrease of the magnetic coupling between off-zero mode end states as a function of GNR length, and evolution from a more closed-shell to a more open-shell ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter
H. Jacobse
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael C. Daugherty
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristia̅ns Čerņevičs
- Institute
of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryan D. McCurdy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Oleg V. Yazyev
- Institute
of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix R. Fischer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Bakar
Institute
of Digital Materials for the Planet, Division of Computing, Data Science,
and Society, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F. Crommie
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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7
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Cao N, Björk J, Corral-Rascon E, Chen Z, Ruben M, Senge MO, Barth JV, Riss A. The role of aromaticity in the cyclization and polymerization of alkyne-substituted porphyrins on Au(111). Nat Chem 2023; 15:1765-1772. [PMID: 37723257 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Aromaticity is an established and widely used concept for the prediction of the reactivity of organic molecules. However, its role remains largely unexplored in on-surface chemistry, where the interaction with the substrate can alter the electronic and geometric structure of the adsorbates. Here we investigate how aromaticity affects the reactivity of alkyne-substituted porphyrin molecules in cyclization and coupling reactions on a Au(111) surface. We examine and quantify the regioselectivity in the reactions by scanning tunnelling microscopy and bond-resolved atomic force microscopy at the single-molecule level. Our experiments show a substantially lower reactivity of carbon atoms that are stabilized by the aromatic diaza[18]annulene pathway of free-base porphyrins. The results are corroborated by density functional theory calculations, which show a direct correlation between aromaticity and thermodynamic stability of the reaction products. These insights are helpful to understand, and in turn design, reactions with aromatic species in on-surface chemistry and heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cao
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Zhi Chen
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Centre Européen de Science Quantique, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (UMR 7006), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Focus Group-Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
| | - Alexander Riss
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
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8
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Zuzak R, Quiroga S, Engelund M, Pérez D, Peña D, Godlewski S, Melle-Franco M. Sequential On-Surface Cyclodehydrogenation in a Nonplanar Nanographene. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10442-10449. [PMID: 37962022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has emerged as an attractive method for the atomically precise synthesis of new molecular nanostructures, being complementary to the widespread approach based on solution chemistry. It has been particularly successful in the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons and nanographenes. In both cases, the target compound is often generated through cyclodehydrogenation reactions, leading to planarization and the formation of hexagonal rings. To improve the flexibility and tunability of molecular units, however, the incorporation of other, nonbenzenoid, subunits is highly desirable. In this letter, we thoroughly analyze sequential cyclodehydrogenation reactions with a custom-designed molecular precursor. We demonstrate the step-by-step formation of hexagonal and pentagonal rings from the nonplanar precursor within fjord and cove regions, respectively. Computer models comprehensively support the experimental observations, revealing that both reactions imply an initial hydrogen abstraction and a final [1,2] hydrogen shift, but the formation of a pentagonal ring proceeds through a radical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sabela Quiroga
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mads Engelund
- Espeem S.A.R.L., L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO─Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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9
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Qin T, Guo D, Xiong J, Li X, Hu L, Yang W, Chen Z, Wu Y, Ding H, Hu J, Xu Q, Wang T, Zhu J. Synthesis of a Porous [14]Annulene Graphene Nanoribbon and a Porous [30]Annulene Graphene Nanosheet on Metal Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306368. [PMID: 37401637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The electrical and mechanical properties of graphene-based materials can be tuned by the introduction of nanopores, which are sensitively related to the size, morphology, density, and location of nanopores. The synthesis of low-dimensional graphene nanostructures containing well-defined nonplanar nanopores has been challenging due to the intrinsic steric hindrance. Herein, we report the selective synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) containing periodic nonplanar [14]annulene pores on Ag(111) and two-dimensional (2D) porous graphene nanosheet containing periodic nonplanar [30]annulene pores on Au(111), starting from a same precursor. The formation of distinct products on the two substrates originates from the different thermodynamics and kinetics of coupling reactions. The reaction mechanisms were confirmed by a series of control experiments, and the appropriate thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for optimizing the reaction pathways were proposed. In addition, the combined scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the electronic structures of porous graphene structures, demonstrating the impact of nonplanar pores on the π-conjugation of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Qin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Dezhou Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Xiong
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Lei Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Weishan Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Zijie Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Yulun Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
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10
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Wu F, Barragán A, Gallardo A, Yang L, Biswas K, Écija D, Mendieta-Moreno JI, Urgel JI, Ma J, Feng X. Structural Expansion of Cyclohepta[def]fluorene towards Azulene-Embedded Non-Benzenoid Nanographenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301739. [PMID: 37339368 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-benzenoid non-alternant nanographenes (NGs) have attracted increasing attention on account of their distinct electronic and structural features in comparison to their isomeric benzenoid counterparts. In this work, we present a series of unprecedented azulene-embedded NGs on Au(111) during the attempted synthesis of cyclohepta[def]fluorene-based high-spin non-Kekulé structure. Comprehensive scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) evidence the structures and conformations of these unexpected products. The dynamics of the precursor bearing 9-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)anthracene and dihydro-dibenzo-cyclohepta[def]fluorene units and its reaction products on the surface are analyzed by density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our study sheds light on the fundamental understanding of precursor design for the fabrication of π-extended non-benzenoid NGs on a metal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fupeng Wu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ana Barragán
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gallardo
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lin Yang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kalyan Biswas
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús I Mendieta-Moreno
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José I Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ji Ma
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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11
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Niu W, Fu Y, Serra G, Liu K, Droste J, Lee Y, Ling Z, Xu F, Cojal González JD, Lucotti A, Rabe JP, Ryan Hansen M, Pisula W, Blom PWM, Palma CA, Tommasini M, Mai Y, Ma J, Feng X. Bottom-up Solution Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons with Precisely Engineered Nanopores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305737. [PMID: 37335764 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of nanopores into graphene nanostructures has been demonstrated as an efficient tool in tuning their band gaps and electronic structures. However, precisely embedding the uniform nanopores into graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) at the atomic level remains underdeveloped especially for in-solution synthesis due to the lack of efficient synthetic strategies. Herein we report the first case of solution-synthesized porous GNR (pGNR) with a fully conjugated backbone via the efficient Scholl reaction of tailor-made polyphenylene precursor (P1) bearing pre-installed hexagonal nanopores. The resultant pGNR features periodic subnanometer pores with a uniform diameter of 0.6 nm and an adjacent-pores-distance of 1.7 nm. To solidify our design strategy, two porous model compounds (1 a, 1 b) containing the same pore size as the shortcuts of pGNR, are successfully synthesized. The chemical structure and photophysical properties of pGNR are investigated by various spectroscopic analyses. Notably, the embedded periodic nanopores largely reduce the π-conjugation degree and alleviate the inter-ribbon π-π interactions, compared to the nonporous GNRs with similar widths, affording pGNR with a notably enlarged band gap and enhanced liquid-phase processability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Niu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Fu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianluca Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Kun Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörn Droste
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yeonju Lee
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof-, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhitian Ling
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fugui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - José D Cojal González
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof-, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Jürgen P Rabe
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof-, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paul W M Blom
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carlos-Andres Palma
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof-, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ji Ma
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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12
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Abdelsalam H, Sakr MA, Saroka VA, Abd-Elkader OH, Zhang Q. Nanoporous graphene quantum dots constructed from nanoribbon superlattices with controllable pore morphology and size for wastewater treatment. SURFACES AND INTERFACES 2023; 40:103109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2023.103109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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13
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Kang F, Sun L, Gao W, Sun Q, Xu W. On-Surface Synthesis of a Carbon Nanoribbon Composed of 4-5-6-8-Membered Rings. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8717-8722. [PMID: 37125847 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
From the structure point of view, there are a number of ways of tiling a carbon sheet with different polygons, resulting in prospects of tailoring electronic structures of low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials. However, up to now, the experimental fabrication of such structures embedded with periodic nonhexagon carbon polygons, especially ones with more than three kinds, is still very challenging, leaving their potential properties unexplored. Here we report the bottom-up synthesis of a nanoribbon composed of 4-5-6-8-membered rings via lateral fusion of polyfluorene chains on Au(111). Scanning probe microscopy unequivocally determines both the geometric structure and the electronic properties of such a nanoribbon, revealing its semiconducting property with a bandgap of ∼1.4 eV on Au(111). We expect that this work could be helpful for designing and synthesizing complicated carbon nanoribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faming Kang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Luye Sun
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Wenze Gao
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
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14
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Jiménez-Martín A, Villalobos F, Mallada B, Edalatmanesh S, Matěj A, Cuerva JM, Jelínek P, Campaña AG, de la Torre B. On-surface synthesis of non-benzenoid conjugated polymers by selective atomic rearrangement of ethynylarenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1403-1412. [PMID: 36794197 PMCID: PMC9906656 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04722e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a new on-surface synthetic strategy to precisely introduce five-membered units into conjugated polymers from specifically designed precursor molecules that give rise to low-bandgap fulvalene-bridged bisanthene polymers. The selective formation of non-benzenoid units is finely controlled by the annealing parameters, which govern the initiation of atomic rearrangements that efficiently transform previously formed diethynyl bridges into fulvalene moieties. The atomically precise structures and electronic properties have been unmistakably characterized by STM, nc-AFM, and STS and the results are supported by DFT theoretical calculations. Interestingly, the fulvalene-bridged bisanthene polymers exhibit experimental narrow frontier electronic gaps of 1.2 eV on Au(111) with fully conjugated units. This on-surface synthetic strategy can potentially be extended to other conjugated polymers to tune their optoelectronic properties by integrating five-membered rings at precise sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Jiménez-Martín
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague Brehova 7 Prague 1 115 19 Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
| | - Federico Villalobos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Unidad de Excelencia de Química UEQ, C. U. Fuentenueva Granada 18071 Spain
| | - Benjamin Mallada
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,J. Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
| | - Shayan Edalatmanesh
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,J. Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
| | - Adam Matěj
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,J. Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Unidad de Excelencia de Química UEQ, C. U. FuentenuevaGranada 18071Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Unidad de Excelencia de Química UEQ, C. U. FuentenuevaGranada 18071Spain
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
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15
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Rascon EC, Riss A, Matěj A, Wiengarten A, Mutombo P, Soler D, Jelinek P, Auwärter W. On-Surface Synthesis of Square-Type Porphyrin Tetramers with Central Antiaromatic Cyclooctatetraene Moiety. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:967-977. [PMID: 36580274 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two-dimensionally extended polycyclic heteroatomic molecules keeps attracting considerable attention. In particular, frameworks bearing planar cyclooctatetraenes (COT) moieties can display intriguing properties, including antiaromaticity. Here, we present an on-surface chemistry route to square-type porphyrin tetramers with a central COT ring, coexisting with other oligomers. This approach employing temperature-induced dehydrogenative porphyrin homocoupling in an ultrahigh vacuum environment provides access to surface-supported, unsubstituted porphyrin tetramers that are not easily achievable by conventional synthesis means. Specifically, monomeric free-base (2H-P) and Zn-metalated (Zn-P) porphines (P) were employed to form square-type free-base and Zn-functionalized tetramers on Ag(100). An atomic-level characterization by bond-resolved atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy is provided, identifying the molecular structures. Complemented by density functional theory modeling, the electronic structure is elucidated, indeed revealing antiaromaticity induced by the COT moiety. The present study thus gives access, and insights, to a porphyrin oligomer, representing both a model system for directly fused porphyrins and a potential building block for conjugated, extended two-dimensional porphyrin sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Corral Rascon
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Riss
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University in Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alissa Wiengarten
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Diego Soler
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelinek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University in Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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16
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de Oteyza DG, Frederiksen T. Carbon-based nanostructures as a versatile platform for tunable π-magnetism. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:443001. [PMID: 35977474 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8a7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emergence ofπ-magnetism in open-shell nanographenes has been theoretically predicted decades ago but their experimental characterization was elusive due to the strong chemical reactivity that makes their synthesis and stabilization difficult. In recent years, on-surface synthesis under vacuum conditions has provided unprecedented opportunities for atomically precise engineering of nanographenes, which in combination with scanning probe techniques have led to a substantial progress in our capabilities to realize localized electron spin states and to control electron spin interactions at the atomic scale. Here we review the essential concepts and the remarkable advances in the last few years, and outline the versatility of carbon-basedπ-magnetic materials as an interesting platform for applications in spintronics and quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas G de Oteyza
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-PA, E-33940 El Entrego, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)-UPV/EHU, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)-UPV/EHU, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
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17
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Yin R, Wang J, Qiu ZL, Meng J, Xu H, Wang Z, Liang Y, Zhao XJ, Ma C, Tan YZ, Li Q, Wang B. Step-Assisted On-Surface Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons Embedded with Periodic Divacancies. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14798-14808. [PMID: 35926228 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bottom-up approach through on-surface synthesis of porous graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) presents a controllable manner for implanting periodic nanostructures to tune the electronic properties of GNRs in addition to bandgap engineering by width and edge configurations. However, owing to the existing steric hindrance in small pores like divacancies, it is still difficult to embed periodic divacancies with a nonplanar configuration into GNRs. Here, we demonstrate the on-surface synthesis of atomically precise eight-carbon-wide armchair GNRs embedded with periodic divacancies (DV8-aGNRs) by utilizing the monatomic step edges on the Au(111) surface. From a single molecular precursor correspondingly following a trans- and cis-coupling, the DV8-aGNR and another porous nanographene are respectively formed at step edges and on terraces at 720 and 570 K. Combining scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and first-principles calculations, we determine the out-of-plane conformation, wide bandgap (∼3.36 eV), and wiggly shaped frontier orbitals of the DV8-aGNR. Nudged elastic band calculations further quantitatively reveal that the additional steric hindrance effect in the cyclodehydrogenative reactions has a higher barrier of 1.3 eV than that in the planar porous nanographene, which also unveils the important role played by the monatomic Au step and adatoms in reducing the energy barriers and enhancing the thermodynamic preference of the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation. Our results provide the first case of GNRs containing periodic pores as small as divacancies with a nonplanar configuration and demonstrate the strategy by utilizing the chemical heterogeneity of a substrate to promote the formation of novel carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoting Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Qiu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhengya Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yifan Liang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xin-Jing Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Chuanxu Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Qunxiang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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18
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Gong Z, Xiang Q, Li K, Xu Z, Hu J, Ni Y, Sato S, Sun Z. Pentagon‐Containing
Doublet Graphene Fragments with
Edge‐Dependent
Spin/Charge Distribution. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongcheng Gong
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry Integrated Molecular Structure Analysis Laboratory, Social Cooperation Program, The University of Tokyo
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
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19
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Biswas K, Urbani M, Sánchez-Grande A, Soler-Polo D, Lauwaet K, Matěj A, Mutombo P, Veis L, Brabec J, Pernal K, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Écija D, Jelínek P, Torres T, Urgel JI. Interplay between π-Conjugation and Exchange Magnetism in One-Dimensional Porphyrinoid Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12725-12731. [PMID: 35817408 PMCID: PMC9305978 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel polymeric materials with porphyrinoid compounds as key components of the repeating units attracts widespread interest from several scientific fields in view of their extraordinary variety of functional properties with potential applications in a wide range of highly significant technologies. The vast majority of such polymers present a closed-shell ground state, and, only recently, as the result of improved synthetic strategies, the engineering of open-shell porphyrinoid polymers with spin delocalization along the conjugation length has been achieved. Here, we present a combined strategy toward the fabrication of one-dimensional porphyrinoid-based polymers homocoupled via surface-catalyzed [3 + 3] cycloaromatization of isopropyl substituents on Au(111). Scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy describe the thermal-activated intra- and intermolecular oxidative ring closure reactions as well as the controlled tip-induced hydrogen dissociation from the porphyrinoid units. In addition, scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements, complemented by computational investigations, reveal the open-shell character, that is, the antiferromagnetic singlet ground state (S = 0) of the formed polymers, characterized by singlet-triplet inelastic excitations observed between spins of adjacent porphyrinoid units. Our approach sheds light on the crucial relevance of the π-conjugation in the correlations between spins, while expanding the on-surface synthesis toolbox and opening avenues toward the synthesis of innovative functional nanomaterials with prospects in carbon-based spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Biswas
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Maxence Urbani
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Diego Soler-Polo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Praha 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Praha 162 00, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Praha 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Veis
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 182 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Brabec
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 182 00, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Pernal
- Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz 90-924, Poland
| | - José M Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.,Departamento de Física de La Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Praha 162 00, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Tomás Torres
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - José I Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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20
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Liu Z, Fu S, Liu X, Narita A, Samorì P, Bonn M, Wang HI. Small Size, Big Impact: Recent Progress in Bottom-Up Synthesized Nanographenes for Optoelectronic and Energy Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106055. [PMID: 35218329 PMCID: PMC9259728 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up synthesized graphene nanostructures, including 0D graphene quantum dots and 1D graphene nanoribbons, have recently emerged as promising candidates for efficient, green optoelectronic, and energy storage applications. The versatility in their molecular structures offers a large and novel library of nanographenes with excellent and adjustable optical, electronic, and catalytic properties. In this minireview, recent progress on the fundamental understanding of the properties of different graphene nanostructures, and their state-of-the-art applications in optoelectronics and energy storage are summarized. The properties of pristine nanographenes, including high emissivity and intriguing blinking effect in graphene quantum dots, superior charge transport properties in graphene nanoribbons, and edge-specific electrochemistry in various graphene nanostructures, are highlighted. Furthermore, it is shown that emerging nanographene-2D material-based van der Waals heterostructures provide an exciting opportunity for efficient green optoelectronics with tunable characteristics. Finally, challenges and opportunities of the field are highlighted by offering guidelines for future combined efforts in the synthesis, assembly, spectroscopic, and electrical studies as well as (nano)fabrication to boost the progress toward advanced device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Liu
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 70068 allée Gaspard MongeStrasbourg67000France
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University1919‐1 Tancha, Onna‐sonKunigamiOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 70068 allée Gaspard MongeStrasbourg67000France
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
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21
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Huang T, Zhang J, Luo T, Ni Y, Li B, Xie S, Zeng Z. Perylene‐Based Linear Nonalternant Nanoribbons with Bright Emission and Ambipolar Redox Behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200855. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
| | - Yulin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei 230039 P. R. China
| | - Teng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 P. R. China
| | - Sheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
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22
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Wang T, Berdonces-Layunta A, Friedrich N, Vilas-Varela M, Calupitan JP, Pascual JI, Peña D, Casanova D, Corso M, de Oteyza DG. Aza-Triangulene: On-Surface Synthesis and Electronic and Magnetic Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4522-4529. [PMID: 35254059 PMCID: PMC8931755 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Nitrogen
heteroatom doping into a triangulene molecule allows tuning
its magnetic state. However, the synthesis of the nitrogen-doped triangulene
(aza-triangulene) has been challenging. Herein, we report the successful
synthesis of aza-triangulene on the Au(111) and Ag(111) surfaces,
along with their characterizations by scanning tunneling microscopy
and spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory (DFT)
calculations. Aza-triangulenes were obtained by reducing ketone-substituted
precursors. Exposure to atomic hydrogen followed by thermal annealing
and, when necessary, manipulations with the scanning probe afforded
the target product. We demonstrate that on Au(111), aza-triangulene
donates an electron to the substrate and exhibits an open-shell triplet
ground state. This is derived from the different Kondo resonances
of the final aza-triangulene product and a series of intermediates
on Au(111). Experimentally mapped molecular orbitals match with DFT-calculated
counterparts for a positively charged aza-triangulene. In contrast,
aza-triangulene on Ag(111) receives an extra electron from the substrate
and displays a closed-shell character. Our study reveals the electronic
properties of aza-triangulene on different metal surfaces and offers
an approach for the fabrication of new hydrocarbon structures, including
reactive open-shell molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berdonces-Layunta
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Jose Ignacio Pascual
- CIC NanoGUNE BRTA, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dimas G. de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-PA; 33940 El Entrego, Spain
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23
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Huang T, Zhang J, Luo T, Ni Y, Li B, Xie S, Zeng Z. Perylene‐Based Linear Nonalternant Nanoribbons with Bright Emission and Ambipolar Redox Behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Wang
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yulin Huang
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Tingting Huang
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Anhui Jianzhu University School of Materials and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Teng Luo
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yong Ni
- National University of Singapore Department of Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Bo Li
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Sheng Xie
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zebing Zeng
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics,College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China 410082 Changsha CHINA
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24
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Di Giovannantonio M, Fasel R. On‐surface synthesis and atomic scale characterization of unprotected indenofluorene polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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25
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Mishra S, Fatayer S, Fernández S, Kaiser K, Peña D, Gross L. Nonbenzenoid High-Spin Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Generated by Atom Manipulation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3264-3271. [PMID: 35130690 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the on-surface synthesis of a nonbenzenoid triradical through dehydrogenation of truxene (C27H18) on coinage metal and insulator surfaces. Voltage pulses applied via the tip of a combined scanning tunneling microscope/atomic force microscope were used to cleave individual C-H bonds in truxene. The resultant final product truxene-5,10,15-triyl (1) was characterized at the single-molecule scale using a combination of atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Our analyses show that 1 retains its open-shell quartet ground state, predicted by density functional theory, on a two monolayer-thick NaCl layer on a Cu(111) surface. We image the frontier orbital densities of 1 and confirm that they correspond to spin-split singly occupied molecular orbitals. Through our synthetic strategy, we also isolate two reactive intermediates toward the synthesis of 1, derivatives of fluorenyl radical and indeno[1,2-a]fluorene, with predicted open-shell doublet and triplet ground states, respectively. Our results should have bearings on the synthesis of nonbenzenoid high-spin polycyclic frameworks with magnetism beyond Lieb's theorem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saleta Fernández
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Leo Gross
- IBM Research-Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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26
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Ajayakumar MR, Di Giovannantonio M, Pignedoli CA, Yang L, Ruffieux P, Ma J, Fasel R, Feng X. On‐surface synthesis of porous graphene nanoribbons containing nonplanar [14]annulene pores. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Ajayakumar
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universitat Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Carlo A. Pignedoli
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Lin Yang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universitat Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universitat Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Roman Fasel
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universitat Dresden Dresden Germany
- Department of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Halle Germany
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27
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Márquez IR, Ruíz del Árbol N, Urgel JI, Villalobos F, Fasel R, López MF, Cuerva JM, Martín-Gago JA, Campaña AG, Sánchez-Sánchez C. On-Surface Thermal Stability of a Graphenic Structure Incorporating a Tropone Moiety. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030488. [PMID: 35159831 PMCID: PMC8837919 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis, complementary to wet chemistry, has been demonstrated to be a valid approach for the synthesis of tailored graphenic nanostructures with atomic precision. Among the different existing strategies used to tune the optoelectronic and magnetic properties of these nanostructures, the introduction of non-hexagonal rings inducing out-of-plane distortions is a promising pathway that has been scarcely explored on surfaces. Here, we demonstrate that non-hexagonal rings, in the form of tropone (cycloheptatrienone) moieties, are thermally transformed into phenyl or cyclopentadienone moieties upon an unprecedented surface-mediated retro–Buchner-type reaction involving a decarbonylation or an intramolecular rearrangement of the CO unit, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene R. Márquez
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Unidad de Excelencia de Química UEQ, C. U. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.R.M.); (F.V.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Nerea Ruíz del Árbol
- ESISNA Group, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.d.Á.); (M.F.L.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - José I. Urgel
- Nanotech@surfaces Group, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; (J.I.U.); (R.F.)
| | - Federico Villalobos
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Unidad de Excelencia de Química UEQ, C. U. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.R.M.); (F.V.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Roman Fasel
- Nanotech@surfaces Group, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; (J.I.U.); (R.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - María F. López
- ESISNA Group, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.d.Á.); (M.F.L.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Unidad de Excelencia de Química UEQ, C. U. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.R.M.); (F.V.); (J.M.C.)
| | - José A. Martín-Gago
- ESISNA Group, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.d.Á.); (M.F.L.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Unidad de Excelencia de Química UEQ, C. U. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.R.M.); (F.V.); (J.M.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.C.); (C.S.-S.)
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Sánchez
- ESISNA Group, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.d.Á.); (M.F.L.); (J.A.M.-G.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.C.); (C.S.-S.)
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28
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Biswas K, Yang L, Ma J, Sánchez-Grande A, Chen Q, Lauwaet K, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Écija D, Jelínek P, Feng X, Urgel JI. Defect-Induced π-Magnetism into Non-Benzenoid Nanographenes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:224. [PMID: 35055243 PMCID: PMC8780648 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of nanographenes (NGs) with open-shell ground states have recently attained increasing attention in view of their interesting physicochemical properties and great prospects in manifold applications as suitable materials within the rising field of carbon-based magnetism. A potential route to induce magnetism in NGs is the introduction of structural defects, for instance non-benzenoid rings, in their honeycomb lattice. Here, we report the on-surface synthesis of three open-shell non-benzenoid NGs (A1, A2 and A3) on the Au(111) surface. A1 and A2 contain two five- and one seven-membered rings within their benzenoid backbone, while A3 incorporates one five-membered ring. Their structures and electronic properties have been investigated by means of scanning tunneling microscopy, noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy complemented with theoretical calculations. Our results provide access to open-shell NGs with a combination of non-benzenoid topologies previously precluded by conventional synthetic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Biswas
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Lin Yang
- Center for Advancing Electronics, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (L.Y.); (X.F.)
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (L.Y.); (X.F.)
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Qifan Chen
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253 Praha, Czech Republic;
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
| | - José M. Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253 Praha, Czech Republic;
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (L.Y.); (X.F.)
| | - José I. Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.B.); (A.S.-G.); (K.L.); (R.M.)
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29
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Zhong Q, Ihle A, Ahles S, Wegner HA, Schirmeisen A, Ebeling D. Constructing covalent organic nanoarchitectures molecule by molecule via scanning probe manipulation. Nat Chem 2021; 13:1133-1139. [PMID: 34475530 PMCID: PMC8550974 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Constructing low-dimensional covalent assemblies with tailored size and connectivity is challenging yet often key for applications in molecular electronics where optical and electronic properties of the quantum materials are highly structure dependent. We present a versatile approach for building such structures block by block on bilayer sodium chloride (NaCl) films on Cu(111) with the tip of an atomic force microscope, while tracking the structural changes with single-bond resolution. Covalent homo-dimers in cis and trans configurations and homo-/hetero-trimers were selectively synthesized by a sequence of dehalogenation, translational manipulation and intermolecular coupling of halogenated precursors. Further demonstrations of structural build-up include complex bonding motifs, like carbon–iodine–carbon bonds and fused carbon pentagons. This work paves the way for synthesizing elusive covalent nanoarchitectures, studying structural modifications and revealing pathways of intermolecular reactions. ![]()
Tailoring the size and connectivity of organic nanostructures is challenging but is often key in molecular electronics for tuning the properties of the quantum materials. Now an approach has been developed for building low-dimensional covalent architectures block by block on a surface by highly selective tip-induced intermolecular reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigang Zhong
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany. .,Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Ihle
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ahles
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hermann A Wegner
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andre Schirmeisen
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany. .,Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Daniel Ebeling
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany. .,Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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30
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Martín-Fuentes C, Urgel JI, Edalatmanesh S, Rodríguez-Sánchez E, Santos J, Mutombo P, Biswas K, Lauwaet K, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Jelínek P, Martín N, Écija D. Cumulene-like bridged indeno[1,2-b]fluorene π-conjugated polymers synthesized on metal surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7545-7548. [PMID: 34240088 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02058g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the plethora of polycyclic structures that have emerged in recent years, indenofluorenes comprise a unique class of compounds due to their potential in organic electronic systems such as OLEDs, OFETs, and OPVCs. However, the synthesis of fully conjugated indenofluorenes without bulky groups on the apical carbons under standard chemistry conditions is not easily accessible. In this regard, on-surface synthesis has appeared as a newly developing field of research, which exploits the use of well-defined solid surfaces as confinement templates to initiate and develop chemical reactions. Here, we demonstrate the successful fabrication of indeno[1,2-b]fluorene π-conjugated polymers linked via cumulene-like connections on well-defined metallic surfaces under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The structure and electronic properties of the formed polymers have been precisely characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy, noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy, complemented by computational investigations.
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31
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Urgel JI, Bock J, Di Giovannantonio M, Ruffieux P, Pignedoli CA, Kivala M, Fasel R. On-surface synthesis of π-conjugated ladder-type polymers comprising nonbenzenoid moieties. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23437-23441. [PMID: 34276968 PMCID: PMC8251514 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03253d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
On-surface synthesis provides a powerful approach toward the atomically precise fabrication of π-conjugated ladder polymers (CLPs). We report herein the surface-assisted synthesis of nonbenzenoid CLPs from cyclopenta-annulated anthracene monomers on Au(111) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Successive thermal annealing steps reveal the dehalogenative homocoupling to yield an intermediate 1D polymer and the subsequent cyclodehydrogenation to form the fully conjugated ladder polymer. Notably, neighbouring monomers may fuse in two different ways, resulting in six- and five-membered rings, respectively. The structure and electronic properties of the reaction products have been investigated via low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, complemented by density-functional theory calculations. Our results provide perspectives for the on-surface synthesis of nonbenzenoid CLPs with the potential to be used for organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- José I Urgel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Julian Bock
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Milan Kivala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern 3012 Bern Switzerland
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32
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Han D, Zhu J. Surface-assisted fabrication of low-dimensional carbon-based nanoarchitectures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:343001. [PMID: 34111858 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0a1b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis, as an alternative to traditional in-solution synthesis, has become an emerging research field and attracted extensive attention over the past decade due to its ability to fabricate nanoarchitectures with exotic properties. Compared to wet chemistry, the on-surface synthesis conducted on atomically flat solid surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum exhibits unprecedented characteristics and advantages, opening novel reaction pathways for chemical synthesis. Various low-dimensional nanostructures have been fabricated on solid surfaces (mostly metal surfaces) based on this newly developed approach. This paper reviews the classic and latest works regarding carbon-based low-dimensional nanostructures since the arrival of on-surface synthesis era. These nanostructures are categorized into zero-, one- and two-dimensional classes and each class is composed of numerous sub-nanostructures. For certain specific nanostructures, comprehensive reports are given, including precursor design, substrate choice, synthetic strategies and so forth. We hope that our review will shed light on the fabrication of some significant nanostructures in this young and promising scientific area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, People's Republic of China
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33
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Konishi A, Horii K, Iwasa H, Okada Y, Kishi R, Nakano M, Yasuda M. Characterization of Benzo[a]naphtho[2,3-f]pentalene: Interrelation between Open-shell and Antiaromatic Characters Governed by Mode of the Quinoidal Subunit and Molecular Symmetry. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1553-1561. [PMID: 33861497 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The singlet open-shell character and antiaromaticity are intriguing features in π-conjugated carbocycles. These two exhibit similar chemical and physical properties. However, they rarely coexist in the same molecule. Understanding the interrelation between the open-shell and antiaromatic characteristics in the same molecule is crucial to control the electronic properties. Herein we describe the synthesis and characterization of a new member of diareno[a,f]pentalene, benzo[a]naphtho[2,3-f]pentalene 6. Unlike its isomer 5 with a closed-shell ground state, 6 exhibits an appreciable open-shell character and a moderate antiaromatic feature. The behaviors of the open-shell index (y0 ) against the difference of the proton chemical signal (Δδ(H1 )) between pentalenide dianions/neutral pentalenes for our reported pentalenes 1, 4, 5, and 6 give a thought-provoking conclusion about the interrelation between open-shell and antiaromatic characteristics in this series. The mode of the incorporated quinoidal moiety and the formal molecular symmetry are critical to balance these two characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koki Horii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruna Iwasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yui Okada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (QIQB-OTRI), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (QIQB-OTRI), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.,Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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34
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Abdelsalam H, Saroka VA, Atta MM, Osman W, Zhang Q. Tunable electro-optical properties of doped chiral graphene nanoribbons. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Qiu Z, Narita A, Müllen K. Spiers Memorial Lecture. Carbon nanostructures by macromolecular design - from branched polyphenylenes to nanographenes and graphene nanoribbons. Faraday Discuss 2021; 227:8-45. [PMID: 33290471 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are unique connectors between the domains of 1D-conjugated polymers and 2D-graphenes. They can be synthesized with high precision by oxidative flattening processes from dendritic or branched 3D-polyphenylene precursors. Their size, shape and edge type enable not only accurate control of classical (opto)electronic properties, but also access to unprecedented high-spin structures and exotic quantum states. NGs and GNRs serve as active components of devices such as field-effect transistors and as ideal objects for nanoscience. This field of research includes their synthesis after the deposition of suitable monomers on surfaces. An additional advantage of this novel concept is in situ monitoring of the reactions by scanning tunnelling microscopy and electronic characterization of the products by scanning tunnelling spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, Germany.
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36
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Zuzak R, Stoica O, Blieck R, Echavarren AM, Godlewski S. On-Surface Synthesis and Intermolecular Cycloadditions of Indacenoditetracenes, Antiaromatic Analogues of Undecacene. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1548-1554. [PMID: 33346643 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The formation of s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']ditetracene and as-indaceno[2,3-b:6,7-b']ditetracene containing indenofluorene cores from a common precursor has been achieved by a dehydrogenative surface-assisted cyclization on Au(111) and confirmed by bond-resolved non-contact atomic force microscopy. On-surface generated as-indaceno[2,3-b:6,7-b']ditetracenes undergo fusion, which leads to T-shaped adducts by an intermolecular cycloaddition. The same type of cycloaddition, which has no parallel in solution chemistry, has been observed between as-indaceno[2,3-b:6,7-b']ditetracene and pentacene or octacene. These examples of surface-assisted cycloaddition provide perspectives for the rational design and synthesis of molecular nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Otilia Stoica
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rémi Blieck
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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37
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Sánchez-Grande A, Urgel JI, Veis L, Edalatmanesh S, Santos J, Lauwaet K, Mutombo P, Gallego JM, Brabec J, Beran P, Nachtigallová D, Miranda R, Martín N, Jelínek P, Écija D. Unravelling the Open-Shell Character of Peripentacene on Au(111). J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:330-336. [PMID: 33352044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a family of organic compounds comprising two or more fused aromatic rings which feature manifold applications in modern technology. Among these species, those presenting an open-shell magnetic ground state are of particular interest for organic electronic, spintronic, and non-linear optics and energy storage devices. Within PAHs, special attention has been devoted in recent years to the synthesis and study of the acene and fused acene (periacene) families, steered by their decreasing HOMO-LUMO gap with length and predicted open-shell character above some size. However, an experimental fingerprint of such magnetic ground state has remained elusive. Here, we report on the in-depth electronic characterization of isolated peripentacene molecules on a Au(111) surface. Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy, complemented by computational investigations, reveals an antiferromagnetic singlet ground state, characterized by singlet-triplet inelastic excitations with an experimental effective exchange coupling (Jeff) of 40.5 meV. Our results deepen the fundamental understanding of organic compounds with magnetic ground states, featuring perspectives in carbon-based spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sánchez-Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José I Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Libor Veis
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Shayan Edalatmanesh
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253 Praha, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - José Santos
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - José M Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jiri Brabec
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Beran
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, 160 00 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253 Praha, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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38
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Zuzak R, Brandimarte P, Olszowski P, Izydorczyk I, Markoulides M, Such B, Kolmer M, Szymonski M, Garcia-Lekue A, Sánchez-Portal D, Gourdon A, Godlewski S. On-Surface Synthesis of Chlorinated Narrow Graphene Nanoribbon Organometallic Hybrids. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10290-10297. [PMID: 33226814 PMCID: PMC7751011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and their derivatives attract growing attention due to their excellent electronic and magnetic properties as well as the fine-tuning of such properties that can be obtained by heteroatom substitution and/or edge morphology modification. Here, we introduce graphene nanoribbon derivatives-organometallic hybrids with gold atoms incorporated between the carbon skeleton and side Cl atoms. We show that narrow chlorinated 5-AGNROHs (armchair graphene nanoribbon organometallic hybrids) can be fabricated by on-surface polymerization with omission of the cyclodehydrogenation reaction by a proper choice of tailored molecular precursors. Finally, we describe a route to exchange chlorine atoms connected through gold atoms to the carbon skeleton by hydrogen atom treatment. This is achieved directly on the surface, resulting in perfect unsubstituted hydrogen-terminated GNRs. This will be beneficial in the molecule on-surface processing when the preparation of final unsubstituted hydrocarbon structure is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Pedro Brandimarte
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Piotr Olszowski
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Irena Izydorczyk
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marios Markoulides
- CEMES-CNRS
(UPR 8011), BP 94347, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Bartosz Such
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Kolmer
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Szymonski
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - André Gourdon
- CEMES-CNRS
(UPR 8011), BP 94347, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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39
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Sánchez‐Grande A, Urgel JI, Cahlík A, Santos J, Edalatmanesh S, Rodríguez‐Sánchez E, Lauwaet K, Mutombo P, Nachtigallová D, Nieman R, Lischka H, de la Torre B, Miranda R, Gröning O, Martín N, Jelínek P, Écija D. Diradical Organic One-Dimensional Polymers Synthesized on a Metallic Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17594-17599. [PMID: 32592432 PMCID: PMC7540677 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and characterization of atomically precise one-dimensional diradical peripentacene polymers on a Au(111) surface. By means of high-resolution scanning probe microscopy complemented by theoretical simulations, we provide evidence of their magnetic properties, which arise from the presence of two unpaired spins at their termini. Additionally, we probe a transition of their magnetic properties related to the length of the polymer. Peripentacene dimers exhibit an antiferromagnetic (S=0) singlet ground state. They are characterized by singlet-triplet spin-flip inelastic excitations with an effective exchange coupling (Jeff ) of 2.5 meV, whereas trimers and longer peripentacene polymers reveal a paramagnetic nature and feature Kondo fingerprints at each terminus due to the unpaired spin. Our work provides access to the precise fabrication of polymers featuring diradical character which are potentially useful in carbon-based optoelectronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José I. Urgel
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Aleš Cahlík
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science16253PrahaCzech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsPalacký University Olomouc77146OlomoucCzech Republic
| | - José Santos
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid28040MadridSpain
| | - Shayan Edalatmanesh
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science16253PrahaCzech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsPalacký University Olomouc77146OlomoucCzech Republic
| | | | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science16253PrahaCzech Republic
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsPalacký University Olomouc77146OlomoucCzech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science16000PrahaCzech Republic
| | - Reed Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409USA
| | - Hans Lischka
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science16253PrahaCzech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsPalacký University Olomouc77146OlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia CondensadaUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
| | - Oliver Gröning
- EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology8600DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Nazario Martín
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid28040MadridSpain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science16253PrahaCzech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsPalacký University Olomouc77146OlomoucCzech Republic
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA NanoscienceC/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
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40
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de la Torre B, Matěj A, Sánchez-Grande A, Cirera B, Mallada B, Rodríguez-Sánchez E, Santos J, Mendieta-Moreno JI, Edalatmanesh S, Lauwaet K, Otyepka M, Medveď M, Buendía Á, Miranda R, Martín N, Jelínek P, Écija D. Tailoring π-conjugation and vibrational modes to steer on-surface synthesis of pentalene-bridged ladder polymers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4567. [PMID: 32917869 PMCID: PMC7486926 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of synthetic strategies to engineer π-conjugated polymers is of paramount importance in modern chemistry and materials science. Here we introduce a synthetic protocol based on the search for specific vibrational modes through an appropriate tailoring of the π-conjugation of the precursors, in order to increase the attempt frequency of a chemical reaction. First, we design a 1D π-conjugated polymer on Au(111), which is based on bisanthene monomers linked by cumulene bridges that tune specific vibrational modes. In a second step, upon further annealing, such vibrational modes steer the twofold cyclization reaction between adjacent bisanthene moieties, which gives rise to a long pentalene-bridged conjugated ladder polymer featuring a low bandgap. In addition, high resolution atomic force microscopy allows us to identify by atomistic insights the resonance form of the polymer, thus confirming the validity of the Glidewell and Lloyd´s rules for aromaticity. This on-surface synthetic strategy may stimulate exploiting previously precluded reactions towards π-conjugated polymers with specific structures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno de la Torre
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Matěj
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Cirera
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamin Mallada
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - José Santos
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús I Mendieta-Moreno
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Shayan Edalatmanesh
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Medveď
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Álvaro Buendía
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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41
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Stolz S, Di Giovannantonio M, Urgel JI, Sun Q, Kinikar A, Borin Barin G, Bommert M, Fasel R, Widmer R. Reversible Dehalogenation in On‐Surface Aryl–Aryl Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Stolz
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Physics École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Laboratory of Nanostructures at Surfaces 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - José I. Urgel
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Qiang Sun
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Amogh Kinikar
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Borin Barin
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Max Bommert
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Roland Widmer
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
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42
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Stolz S, Di Giovannantonio M, Urgel JI, Sun Q, Kinikar A, Borin Barin G, Bommert M, Fasel R, Widmer R. Reversible Dehalogenation in On-Surface Aryl-Aryl Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14106-14110. [PMID: 32338418 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the emerging field of on-surface synthesis, dehalogenative aryl-aryl coupling is unarguably the most prominent tool for the fabrication of covalently bonded carbon-based nanomaterials. Despite its importance, the reaction kinetics are still poorly understood. Here we present a comprehensive temperature-programmed x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of reaction kinetics and energetics in the prototypical on-surface dehalogenative polymerization of 4,4''-dibromo-p-terphenyl into poly(para-phenylene) on two coinage metal surfaces, Cu(111) and Au(111). We find clear evidence for reversible dehalogenation on Au(111), which is inhibited on Cu(111) owing to the formation of organometallic intermediates. The incorporation of reversible dehalogenation in the reaction rate equations leads to excellent agreement with experimental data and allows extracting the relevant energy barriers. Our findings deepen the mechanistic understanding and call for its reassessment for surface-confined aryl-aryl coupling on the most frequently used metal substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Stolz
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratory of Nanostructures at Surfaces, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - José I Urgel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Qiang Sun
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Amogh Kinikar
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Borin Barin
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Max Bommert
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Widmer
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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43
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Sánchez‐Grande A, Urgel JI, Cahlík A, Santos J, Edalatmanesh S, Rodríguez‐Sánchez E, Lauwaet K, Mutombo P, Nachtigallová D, Nieman R, Lischka H, Torre B, Miranda R, Gröning O, Martín N, Jelínek P, Écija D. Diradical Organic One‐Dimensional Polymers Synthesized on a Metallic Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sánchez‐Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José I. Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Aleš Cahlík
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science 16253 Praha Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc 77146 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - José Santos
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Shayan Edalatmanesh
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science 16253 Praha Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc 77146 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | | | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science 16253 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc 77146 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science 16000 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Reed Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech University Lubbock TX 79409 USA
| | - Hans Lischka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech University Lubbock TX 79409 USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Bruno Torre
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science 16253 Praha Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc 77146 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Oliver Gröning
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Nazario Martín
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science 16253 Praha Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc 77146 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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44
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Di Giovannantonio M, Chen Q, Urgel JI, Ruffieux P, Pignedoli CA, Müllen K, Narita A, Fasel R. On-Surface Synthesis of Oligo(indenoindene). J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12925-12929. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - José I. Urgel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Carlo A. Pignedoli
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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45
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Lohr TG, Urgel JI, Eimre K, Liu J, Di Giovannantonio M, Mishra S, Berger R, Ruffieux P, Pignedoli CA, Fasel R, Feng X. On-Surface Synthesis of Non-Benzenoid Nanographenes by Oxidative Ring-Closure and Ring-Rearrangement Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13565-13572. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten G. Lohr
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - José I. Urgel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristjan Eimre
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shantanu Mishra
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Carlo A. Pignedoli
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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46
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Jacobse PH, McCurdy RD, Jiang J, Rizzo DJ, Veber G, Butler P, Zuzak R, Louie SG, Fischer FR, Crommie MF. Bottom-up Assembly of Nanoporous Graphene with Emergent Electronic States. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13507-13514. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Jacobse
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryan D. McCurdy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel J. Rizzo
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gregory Veber
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Paul Butler
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rafał Zuzak
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Center for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, PL 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Steven G. Louie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Felix R. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F. Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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47
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Du Q, Pu W, Sun Z, Yu P. On-Surface Synthesis of All-cis Standing Phenanthrene Polymers upon Selective C-H Bond Activation. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5022-5028. [PMID: 32510950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has emerged as a powerful approach to the atomically precise fabrication of molecular architectures with potential applications in nanotechnology. However, it is challenging to synthesize molecular structures that can protrude from the surface such as polymer chains forming by the molecules with upright conformations, since most of the on-surface reaction products, particularly the conjugated structures, prefer to adsorb parallel on the surface to maximize the molecule-substrate interaction. Here, we show an up-standing phenanthrene polymer chain with an all-cis configuration obtained by on-surface synthesis upon highly selective C-H activation. Using bond-resolved nc-AFM imaging, the reaction route of polymers from an in-plane to an all-cis upright conformation is fully characterized, and the reaction mechanism is further revealed in combination with first principles calculations. Our results on this selective dehydrogenation induced upright-oriented polymer chains that will enrich the toolbox for the on-surface synthesis of novel molecular structures and may provide new insights on designing optimized precursors for preparing three-dimensional molecular frameworks through on-surface synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Du
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwen Pu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoru Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
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48
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Yuan B, Li C, Zhao Y, Gröning O, Zhou X, Zhang P, Guan D, Li Y, Zheng H, Liu C, Mai Y, Liu P, Ji W, Jia J, Wang S. Resolving Quinoid Structure in Poly(para-phenylene) Chains. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10034-10041. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingkai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Oliver Gröning
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Xieyu Zhou
- Department of Physics, Renmin University, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - DanDan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Canhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peinian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Physics, Renmin University, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jinfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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49
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Xu X, Müllen K, Narita A. Syntheses and Characterizations of Functional Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Graphene Nanoribbons. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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50
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Fan Q, Martin-Jimenez D, Ebeling D, Krug CK, Brechmann L, Kohlmeyer C, Hilt G, Hieringer W, Schirmeisen A, Gottfried JM. Nanoribbons with Nonalternant Topology from Fusion of Polyazulene: Carbon Allotropes beyond Graphene. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17713-17720. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qitang Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | | | | | - Claudio K. Krug
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Lea Brechmann
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Corinna Kohlmeyer
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, Oldenburg 26111, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hilt
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, Oldenburg 26111, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hieringer
- Theoretical Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | | | - J. Michael Gottfried
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, Marburg 35032, Germany
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