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Nelly Noah Metomo FN, Tayi F, Younes E, Amadine O, Zahouily M. Production of sheep wool keratin hydrolysate and evaluation of its effectiveness in promoting maize cultivation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121648. [PMID: 39018864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to produce keratin hydrolysate from sheep wool by alkaline hydrolysis and to assess its effectiveness in improving maize plant growth under greenhouse conditions. A hybrid response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design (RSM-BBD) was used to model and optimize the hydrolysis process. The synergistic effects between three critical independent variables including temperature, hydrolysis time, and concentration of KOH on the hydrolysis rate were statistically investigated and optimized. Under optimized conditions, a hydrolysis rate of 95.08% was achieved. The produced hydrolysate consists of water-soluble peptides, free amino acids and potassium ions, making it suitable to be used as a valuable agricultural input material for crop production. Amino acid analysis revealed high levels of proline and phenylalanine, which are responsible for water conditioning and the preservation of abiotic stress as readily available. The efficacy of the produced hydrolysate was assessed in the cultivation of maize as a crop model under greenhouse conditions. Results revealed that the application of the hydrolysate positively influenced the morphological traits of the maize crop such as plant height and leaf surface area. The magnitude of the response to the hydrolysate application depended on its concentration with the most positive effects observed at a dose 2 for the leaf's chlorophyll content, fresh shoot biomass and dry shoot biomass. The application of the hydrolysate improved fresh and dry shoot biomass by 32.5 and 34.4% compared to the control and contributed to the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency by the studied crop. The hydrolysate proved to be beneficial in improving overall plant growth and can be suitable and effective agricultural input for maize cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Nadine Nelly Noah Metomo
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis & Valorization of Natural Resources, URAC 24, Faculty of Science and Technology Mohammedia, University of Hassan II Casablanca, Morocco; Natural Resources Valorization Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Fatima Tayi
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis & Valorization of Natural Resources, URAC 24, Faculty of Science and Technology Mohammedia, University of Hassan II Casablanca, Morocco; Natural Resources Valorization Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Essamlali Younes
- Natural Resources Valorization Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Othmane Amadine
- Natural Resources Valorization Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Zahouily
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis & Valorization of Natural Resources, URAC 24, Faculty of Science and Technology Mohammedia, University of Hassan II Casablanca, Morocco; Natural Resources Valorization Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
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Banasaz S, Ferraro V. Keratin from Animal By-Products: Structure, Characterization, Extraction and Application-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1999. [PMID: 39065316 PMCID: PMC11280741 DOI: 10.3390/polym16141999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Keratin is a structural fibrous protein and the core constituent of animal by-products from livestock such as wool, feathers, hooves, horns, and pig bristles. This natural polymer is also the main component of human hair and is present at an important percentage in human and animal skin. Significant amounts of keratin-rich animal tissues are discarded worldwide each year, ca. 12 M tons, and the share used for keratin extraction and added-value applications is still very low. An important stream of new potential raw materials, represented by animal by-products and human hair, is thus being lost, while a large-scale valorization could contribute to a circular bioeconomy and to the reduction in the environmental fingerprint of those tissues. Fortunately, scientific research has made much important progress in the last 10-15 years in the better understanding of the complex keratin architecture and its variability among different animal tissues, in the development of tailored extraction processes, and in the screening of new potential applications. Hence, this review aims at a discussion of the recent findings in the characterization of keratin and keratin-rich animal by-product structures, as well as in keratin recovery by conventional and emerging techniques and advances in valorization in several fields.
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López-de-Dicastillo C, Gómez-Estaca J, López-Carballo G, Gavara R, Hernández-Muñoz P. Agro-Industrial Protein Waste and Co-Products Valorization for the Development of Bioplastics: Thermoprocessing and Characterization of Feather Keratin/Gliadin Blends. Molecules 2023; 28:7350. [PMID: 37959768 PMCID: PMC10647550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers based on plant and animal proteins are interesting alternatives in the development of films with future prospects as food packaging. Considering that in recent years there has been an increasing interest in the valorization of agro-industrial residues and by-products and that the blending of polymers can lead to materials with improved properties, in this work, keratin-rich feather fibers and gliadins were blended at different ratios in order to develop sustainable and biodegradable films. Control gliadin G100, feather F100 films, and their blends at 3:1 (G75F25), 2:2 (G50F50), and 1:3 (G25F75) ratios were successfully developed through thermoprocessing. The physical properties were differentiated as a function of the concentration of both polymeric matrices. Although gliadins showed higher hydrophilicity as confirmed by their highest swelling degree, films with high gliadin ratios exhibited lower water vapor permeability values at low and medium relative humidities. On the other hand, the feather fiber-based films displayed the highest Young's modulus values and provided an oxygen barrier to the blends, principally at the highest relative humidity. In conclusion, the blend of these protein-based polymers at different ratio resulted in interesting composites whose physical properties could be adjusted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol López-de-Dicastillo
- Packaging Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (G.L.-C.); (R.G.)
| | - Joaquín Gómez-Estaca
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Calle José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Gracia López-Carballo
- Packaging Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (G.L.-C.); (R.G.)
| | - Rafael Gavara
- Packaging Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (G.L.-C.); (R.G.)
| | - Pilar Hernández-Muñoz
- Packaging Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (G.L.-C.); (R.G.)
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4
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Borrelli M, Witt J, Roth M, Reichl S, Bradenbrink P, Schoppe M, Schrader S, Geerling G. Keratin films for ocular surface reconstruction: Wound healing in an in-vivo model. Exp Eye Res 2023; 227:109356. [PMID: 36563893 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The most commonly used tissue substitute for ocular surface reconstruction is human amniotic membrane (AM). Because of its low biomechanical strength and intransparency there is a need to search for alternatives of consistent quality. This study, further explored the biocompatibility of Keratin Film (KF) and its ability to sustain corneal epithelial wound healing. In three equal groups of 5 New Zeeland white rabbits a 4 mm superficial keratectomy was created in the right eye. Five eyes received a KF, five a human AM graft and the remaining five no implant. All eyes were treated with ofloxacin and dexamethasone eye drops and followed up for 10 days. Corneal fluorescein staining, vascularization, and transparency were assessed using slit lamp biomicroscopy according to a standardized grading score during and at the end of follow-up. The corneal-scleral-button was excised and processed for histology. After 10 days all eyes which had received a KF showed complete epithelial healing and no signs of neovascularization. In the AM group 1 eye showed a persistent epithelial defect at day 10 and 2 eyes showed neovascularization at day 7 resolving at day 10. Transparency improved progressively both in the KF group as well as in the AM group towards the end of the follow. Histology showed a multilayer epithelium firmly adherent to the KF with no evidence of keratocyte migration or inflammatory reaction in the corneal stroma. In this study on rabbit eyes KF better supported corneal epithelial wound healing than amniotic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borrelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - J Witt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - S Reichl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P Bradenbrink
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - M Schoppe
- Department of Pathology, University of Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - S Schrader
- Department of Ophthalmology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - G Geerling
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duesseldorf, Germany
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Dąbrowska M, Sommer A, Sinkiewicz I, Taraszkiewicz A, Staroszczyk H. An optimal designed experiment for the alkaline hydrolysis of feather keratin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:24145-24154. [PMID: 34822081 PMCID: PMC8979873 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Feathers, burdensome waste from the poultry industry, can be a cheap source of keratin, a protein with excellent physicochemical, biological, and mechanical properties. Acid and alkaline hydrolyses are usually adopted for isolation of keratin from its natural resources. This study aimed at assessing the statistically significant effect of input variables in the alkaline hydrolysis of keratin from chicken feathers on the process yield and on the molecular weight of peptides obtained. The effect of the volume ratio of 1M NaOH to the feathers' mass, the hydrolysis time, and the shaking speed of the reaction mixture on the process yield were analyzed. The use of statistical analysis at the design step of experiment allowed reducing the trial number from 27 to 9. Among the input variables analyzed, only the volume ratio of 1M NaOH to the feathers' mass had a significant effect on the process yield, while none of them significantly affected the molecular weight of the peptides obtained. All hydrolysates were dominated by two peptides' fractions, with molecular weights of ca. 130 and 250 kDa, and mixture of many peptides of weight close to 10 kDa and smaller. Alkaline hydrolysis of feather keratin yielded protein hydrolysates soluble over a wide pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Dąbrowska
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Sommer
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Izabela Sinkiewicz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Antoni Taraszkiewicz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hanna Staroszczyk
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Morinval A, Averous L. Systems Based on Biobased Thermoplastics: From Bioresources to Biodegradable Packaging Applications. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.2012802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Morinval
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
| | - Luc Averous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
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Goda DA, Bassiouny AR, Abdel Monem NM, Soliman NA, Abdel-Fattah YR. Feather protein lysate optimization and feather meal formation using YNDH protease with keratinolytic activity afterward enzyme partial purification and characterization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14543. [PMID: 34267231 PMCID: PMC8282803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Incubation parameters used for the creation of a protein lysate from enzymatically degraded waste feathers using crude keratinase produced by the Laceyella sacchari strain YNDH were optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM); amino acids quantification was also estimated. The optimization elevated the total protein to 2089.5 µg/ml through the application of the following optimal conditions: a time of 20.2 h, a feather concentration (conc.) of 3 g%, a keratinase activity of 24.5 U/100 ml, a pH of 10, and a cultivation temperature of 50 °C. The produced Feather Protein Lysate (FPL) was found to be enriched with essential and rare amino acids. Additionally, this YNDH enzyme group was partially purified, and some of its characteristics were studied. Crude enzymes were first concentrated with an Amicon Ultra 10-k centrifugal filter, and then concentrated proteins were applied to a "Q FF" strong anion column chromatography. The partially purified enzyme has an estimated molecular masses ranging from 6 to 10 kDa. The maximum enzyme activity was observed at 70 °C and for a pH of 10.4. Most characteristics of this protease/keratinase group were found to be nearly the same when the activity was measured with both casein and keratin-azure as substrates, suggesting that these three protein bands work together in order to degrade the keratin macromolecule. Interestingly, the keratinolytic activity of this group was not inhibited by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), or iron-caused activation, indicating the presence of a mixed serine-metallo enzyme type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A Goda
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Burg El-Arab City, Universities and Research Institutes Zone, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad R Bassiouny
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nihad M Abdel Monem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Soliman
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Burg El-Arab City, Universities and Research Institutes Zone, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Yasser R Abdel-Fattah
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Burg El-Arab City, Universities and Research Institutes Zone, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
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8
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Nnolim NE, Udenigwe CC, Okoh AI, Nwodo UU. Microbial Keratinase: Next Generation Green Catalyst and Prospective Applications. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:580164. [PMID: 33391200 PMCID: PMC7775373 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.580164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for novel renewable products over synthetics hallmarked this decade and those of the recent past. Most economies that are prospecting on biodiversity for improved bio-economy favor renewable resources over synthetics for the potential opportunity they hold. However, this field is still nascent as the bulk of the available resources are non-renewable based. Microbial metabolites, emphasis on secondary metabolites, are viable alternatives; nonetheless, vast microbial resources remain under-exploited; thus, the need for a continuum in the search for new products or bio-modifying existing products for novel functions through an efficient approach. Environmental distress syndrome has been identified as a factor that influences the emergence of genetic diversity in prokaryotes. Still, the process of how the change comes about is poorly understood. The emergence of new traits may present a high prospect for the industrially viable organism. Microbial enzymes have prominence in the bio-economic space, and proteases account for about sixty percent of all enzyme market. Microbial keratinases are versatile proteases which are continuously gaining momentum in biotechnology owing to their effective bio-conversion of recalcitrant keratin-rich wastes and sustainable implementation of cleaner production. Keratinase-assisted biodegradation of keratinous materials has revitalized the prospects for the utilization of cost-effective agro-industrial wastes, as readily available substrates, for the production of high-value products including amino acids and bioactive peptides. This review presented an overview of keratin structural complexity, the potential mechanism of keratin biodegradation, and the environmental impact of keratinous wastes. Equally, it discussed microbial keratinase; vis-à-vis sources, production, and functional properties with considerable emphasis on the ecological implication of microbial producers and catalytic tendency improvement strategies. Keratinase applications and prospective high-end use, including animal hide processing, detergent formulation, cosmetics, livestock feed, and organic fertilizer production, were also articulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonso E. Nnolim
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony I. Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Uchechukwu U. Nwodo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Li W, Wu Y, Wu J, Ni Q. Preparation, characterization of poly(acrylic acid)-g-feather protein-g-poly(methyl acrylate) and application in improving adhesion of protein to PLA fibers for sizing. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Alahyaribeik S, Ullah A. Methods of keratin extraction from poultry feathers and their effects on antioxidant activity of extracted keratin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:449-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mi X, Chang Y, Xu H, Yang Y. Valorization of keratin from food wastes via crosslinking using non-toxic oligosaccharide derivatives. Food Chem 2019; 300:125181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Submicron amino acid particles reinforced 100% keratin biomedical films with enhanced wet properties via interfacial strengthening. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 177:33-40. [PMID: 30708309 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Keratin films with wet stability and strength suitable for biomedical applications were developed via reinforcement with submicron cysteine particles for improved interfaces. Keratin products regenerated from wool or human hair were widely investigated as wound dressing and tissue engineering scaffolds for their satisfactory biomedical properties. However, regenerated keratin scaffolds usually did not have good mechanical properties, and also could not stand humid or wet biological environment due to poor moisture stability. Reinforcements for keratin materials were usually polysaccharides or synthetic polymers, and thus usually had non-ideal interfacial properties due to limited compatibility. In this research, submicron cystine particles were employed to reinforce keratin films for their high compatibility with keratin and bio-safety. Transition of primary and secondary structures of keratin due to matrix-reinforcement interaction was analyzed. The keratin films showed unprecedented pliancy, good tensile properties under humid conditions and biocompatibility, and thus had good potential for biomedical engineering applications.
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Garrido T, Peñalba M, de la Caba K, Guerrero P. A more efficient process to develop protein films derived from agro-industrial by-products. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Mokrejš P, Huťťa M, Pavlačková J, Egner P. Preparation of Keratin Hydrolysate from Chicken Feathers and Its Application in Cosmetics. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286371 DOI: 10.3791/56254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin hydrolysates (KHs) are established standard components in hair cosmetics. Understanding the moisturizing effects of KH is advantageous for skin-care cosmetics. The goals of the protocol are: (1) to process chicken feathers into KH by alkaline-enzymatic hydrolysis and purify it by dialysis, and (2) to test if adding KH into an ointment base (OB) increases hydration of the skin and improves skin barrier function by diminishing transepidermal water loss (TEWL). During alkaline-enzymatic hydrolysis feathers are first incubated at a higher temperature in an alkaline environment and then, under mild conditions, hydrolyzed with proteolytic enzyme. The solution of KH is dialyzed, vacuum dried, and milled to a fine powder. Cosmetic formulations comprising from oil in water emulsion (O/W) containing 2, 4, and 6 weight% of KH (based on the weight of the OB) are prepared. Testing the moisturizing properties of KH is carried out on 10 men and 10 women at time intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 24, and 48 h. Tested formulations are spread at degreased volar forearm sites. The skin hydration of stratum corneum (SC) is assessed by measuring capacitance of the skin, which is one of the most world-wide used and simple methods. TEWL is based on measuring the quantity of water transported per a defined area and period of time from the skin. Both methods are fully non-invasive. KH makes for an excellent occlusive; depending on the addition of KH into OB, it brings about a 30% reduction in TEWL after application. KH also functions as a humectant, as it binds water from the lower layers of the epidermis to the SC; at the optimum KH addition in the OB, up to 19% rise in hydration in men and 22% rise in women occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Mokrejš
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín;
| | - Matouš Huťťa
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín
| | - Jana Pavlačková
- Department of Fat, Tenside and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín
| | - Pavlína Egner
- Department of Fat, Tenside and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín
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Dong YZ, Chang WS, Chen PT. Characterization and overexpression of a novel keratinase from Bacillus polyfermenticus B4 in recombinant Bacillus subtilis. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-017-0177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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16
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Sahoo DK, Thatoi HN, Mitra B, Mondal KC, Das Mohapatra PK. Advances in Microbial Keratinase and Its Potential Applications. Microb Biotechnol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6847-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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He M, Zhang B, Dou Y, Yin G, Cui Y. Blend modification of feather keratin-based films using sodium alginate. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
| | - Buning Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering; Guangzhou 510225 People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Dou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering; Guangzhou 510225 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingde Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510550, People's Republic of China
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18
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Verma A, Singh H, Anwar S, Chattopadhyay A, Tiwari KK, Kaur S, Dhilon GS. Microbial keratinases: industrial enzymes with waste management potential. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:476-491. [PMID: 27291252 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1185388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are ubiquitous enzymes that occur in various biological systems ranging from microorganisms to higher organisms. Microbial proteases are largely utilized in various established industrial processes. Despite their numerous industrial applications, they are not efficient in hydrolysis of recalcitrant, protein-rich keratinous wastes which result in environmental pollution and health hazards. This paved the way for the search of keratinolytic microorganisms having the ability to hydrolyze "hard to degrade" keratinous wastes. This new class of proteases is known as "keratinases". Due to their specificity, keratinases have an advantage over normal proteases and have replaced them in many industrial applications, such as nematicidal agents, nitrogenous fertilizer production from keratinous waste, animal feed and biofuel production. Keratinases have also replaced the normal proteases in the leather industry and detergent additive application due to their better performance. They have also been proved efficient in prion protein degradation. Above all, one of the major hurdles of enzyme industrial applications (cost effective production) can be achieved by using keratinous waste biomass, such as chicken feathers and hairs as fermentation substrate. Use of these low cost waste materials serves dual purposes: to reduce the fermentation cost for enzyme production as well as reducing the environmental waste load. The advent of keratinases has given new direction for waste management with industrial applications giving rise to green technology for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Verma
- a CBSH, SD Agricultural University , Gujarat , India
| | - Hukum Singh
- b Climate Change and Forest Influences Division , Forest Research Institute, ICFRE , Dehradun , India
| | - Shahbaz Anwar
- c Department of Microbiology , GBPUAT , Pantnagar , India
| | | | | | - Surinder Kaur
- e Department of Biological Sciences , University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge , AB , Canada.,f Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agrifood Canada , Lethbridge , AB , Canada
| | - Gurpreet Singh Dhilon
- g Department of Food, Agricultural, and Nutritional Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , Canada
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Li Y, Wang Y, Ye J, Yuan J, Xiao Y. Fabrication of poly(ε-caprolactone)/keratin nanofibrous mats as a potential scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 68:177-183. [PMID: 27524010 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The natural abundance of cell adhesion sequences, RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) and LDV (Leu-Asp-Val) in the keratins make them suitable as biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Herein, keratins were coelectrospun with poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL) at the ratio of 9/1, 8/2, and 7/3 to afford nanofibrous mats. The resulting mats were surface-characterized by ATR-FTIR, SEM, WCA, and XPS. Cell attachment data showed that NIH 3T3 cells adhered more to the PCL/keratin nanofibrous mats than the pristine PCL mats. The MTT assay revealed that the PCL/keratin mats had improved cell viability. The blood clotting time test (APTT, PT, and TT) indicated the PCL/keratin mats exerted good blood compatibility. These mats would be a good candidate as a scaffold for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingjie Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yinghong Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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20
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Reddy N. Non-food industrial applications of poultry feathers. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 45:91-107. [PMID: 26092473 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Poultry feathers are one of the unique coproducts that have versatile applications ranging from composites, fibers, tissue engineering scaffolds, nano and micro particles, electronic devices and many others. Despite their low cost, abundant availability, wide applicability and unique properties, non-food industrial applications of feather keratin are very limited. Poor-thermoplasticity, difficulty in dissolving keratin and limited knowledge on the processability and properties of products developed are some of the limitations for the large scale use of feather/keratin. Nevertheless, increasing interests in using renewable and sustainable raw materials and need to decrease dependence on non-renewable petroleum resources make feathers an attractive raw material for bioproducts. This review provides an overview of the products developed from poultry feathers and their limitations and advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Reddy
- Center for Emerging Technologies, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra Post, Ramanagara District, Bengaluru 562112, India.
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21
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Padma Latha P, Bhatt M, Jain SL. Sustainable catalysis using magnetic chicken feathers decorated with Pd(0) for Suzuki-cross coupling reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Yuan J, Shen J. Differences in cytocompatibility between collagen, gelatin and keratin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 59:30-34. [PMID: 26652345 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Keratins are cysteine-rich intermediate filament proteins found in the cytoskeleton of the epithelial cells and in the matrix of hair, feathers, wool, nails and horns. The natural abundance of cell adhesion sequences, RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) and LDV (Leu-Asp-Val), makes them suitable for tissue engineering applications. The purpose of our study is to evaluate their cytocompatibility as compared to well-known collagen and gelatin proteins. Herein, collagen, gelatin and keratin were blended with poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and electrospun to afford nanofibrous mats, respectively. These PHBV/protein composite mats were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The cytocompatibility was evaluated with cell adhesion, cell viability and cell proliferation. The data from MTT and BrDU revealed that collagen had significantly superior cytocompatibility as compared to gelatin and keratin. Gelatin showed a better cytocompatibility than keratin without statistical significance difference. Finally, we gave the reasons to account for the above conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
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Preparation of keratin and chemically modified keratin hydrogels and their evaluation as cell substrate with drug releasing ability. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:111-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Park M, Shin HK, Panthi G, Rabbani MM, Alam AM, Choi J, Chung HJ, Hong ST, Kim HY. Novel preparation and characterization of human hair-based nanofibers using electrospinning process. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 76:45-8. [PMID: 25709023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human hair-based biocomposite nanofibers (NFs) have been fabricated by an electrospinning technique. Aqueous keratin extracted from human hair was successfully blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The focus here is on transforming into keratin/PVA nanofibrous membranes and insoluble property of electrospun NFs. The resulting hair-based NFs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Toward the potential use of these NFs after cross-linking with various weight fractions of glyoxal, its physicochemical properties, such as morphology, mechanical strength, crystallinity, and chemical structure were investigated. Keratin/PVA ratio of 2/1 NFs with 6 wt%-glyoxal showed good uniformity in fiber morphology and suitable mechanical properties, and excellent antibacterial activity providing a potential application of hair-based NFs in biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Park
- Department of Organic Materials & Fiber Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea.
| | - Hye Kyoung Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Incheon 402-751, South Korea
| | - Gopal Panthi
- Department of Organic Materials & Fiber Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | | | - Al-Mahmnur Alam
- Department of BIN Fusion technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Jawun Choi
- Department of BIN Fusion technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Hea-Jong Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Seong-Tshool Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Hak-Yong Kim
- Department of BIN Fusion technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea.
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25
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Borrelli M, Joepen N, Reichl S, Finis D, Schoppe M, Geerling G, Schrader S. Keratin films for ocular surface reconstruction: Evaluation of biocompatibility in an in-vivo model. Biomaterials 2015; 42:112-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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26
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Poole AJ, Church JS. The effects of physical and chemical treatments on Na2S produced feather keratin films. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 73:99-108. [PMID: 25445691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The industrial utilisation of feather keratin as a biopolymer has proven difficult due to the lack of a viable extraction technique and the poor mechanical properties of the regenerated products. Here, pure keratin films were produced from chicken feathers using sodium sulphide as sole extraction reagent in a scheme that allows films to be formed without residual chemicals. In a comparison to other films, those produced using Na2S extraction were found to be superior to other regenerated protein films and were similar to un-oriented commercial polymers. However, there was considerable variation in tensile properties between twenty repetitions of extracting and casting films which was attributed to variations in chain entanglement caused by the drying conditions. Chemical and physical treatments including crosslinking, dehydration and addition of nano-particles were investigated as means to enhance these properties. Significant increases were achieved by soaking films in isopropyl alcohol or weak acid (13 to 50% increases) or by formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde crosslinking (24 to 40% increases). The wide range of values across the pure keratin films indicates that the best route to further strength improvement may be from optimising self-assembly via controlling drying conditions, rather than from chemical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Poole
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, PO Box 21, Belmont 3216, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jeffrey S Church
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, PO Box 21, Belmont 3216, VIC, Australia
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27
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Thatai P, Sapra B. Transungual delivery: deliberations and creeds. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 36:398-411. [PMID: 24888698 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although considered as trifling illness, nail diseases have a reasonably high occurrence and a noteworthy impact on the patients' quality of life. Furthermore, there is a need to improve the topical treatment for nail diseases to avoid drug interactions and to reduce side effects associated with oral therapy. Topical drug delivery to the nails has established amplified consideration lately. Strategies (such as chemical enhancers, formulation strategies, physical and mechanical methods) are being investigated in order to improve drug permeability across the nail plate. The rationale of this review is to present contemporary information on the structure of human nail along with its comparison with animal hooves. Precincts of nail permeability have been briefly discussed with respect to factors like permeant's molecular size, hydrophilicity, charge and the nature of the vehicle. These factors affect drug uptake and permeation through the nail. Formulations like nail lacquers which mimic cosmetic varnish and colloidal carriers along with nail substitutes that can be utilized for transungual delivery have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thatai
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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28
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Song NB, Lee JH, Al Mijan M, Song KB. Development of a chicken feather protein film containing clove oil and its application in smoked salmon packaging. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Gao L, Hu H, Sui X, Chen C, Chen Q. One for two: conversion of waste chicken feathers to carbon microspheres and (NH4)HCO3. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:6500-6507. [PMID: 24766379 DOI: 10.1021/es5006708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of 1 g of waste chicken feathers (quills and barbs) in supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) system at 600 °C for 3 h leads to the formation of 0.25 g well-shaped carbon microspheres with diameters of 1-5 μm and 0.26 g ammonium bicarbonate ((NH4)HCO3). The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopic, FT-IR spectrum, X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS), and N2 adsorption/desorption measurements. The obtained carbon microspheres displayed great superhydrophobicity as fabric coatings materials, with the water contact angle of up to 165.2±2.5°. The strategy is simple, efficient, does not require any toxic chemicals or catalysts, and generates two valuable materials at the same time. Moreover, other nitrogen-containing materials (such as nylon and amino acids) can also be converted to carbon microspheres and (NH4)HCO3 in the sc-CO2 system. This provides a simple strategy to extract the nitrogen content from natural and man-made waste materials and generate (NH4)HCO3 as fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Jinzhai Rd 96, Hefei 86-551-63601495, China
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30
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Zhou LT, Yang G, Yang XX, Cao ZJ, Zhou MH. Preparation of regenerated keratin sponge from waste feathers by a simple method and its potential use for oil adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:5730-5736. [PMID: 24442963 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, pigeon feathers, a kind of totally waste by-product from the poultry industry, were utilized to fabricate a highly porous keratin sponge in a very simple way by freeze-drying treatment of the dissolved keratin solution, and applied for the first time as an oil adsorbent. An improved method was proposed to dissolve the feather keratin using the inexpensive sodium disulfite as the reducing reagent for sulfitolysis reaction, with a much lower concentration of all involving reaction regents. Moreover, the regenerated keratin sponges obtained a high oil adsorption capacity of above 30 g/g for both liquid paraffin and soybean oil, as well as a good oil holding ability, suggesting that this keratin sponge might be a potential for use as oil adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Tao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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31
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Feng Y, Borrelli M, Reichl S, Schrader S, Geerling G. Review of alternative carrier materials for ocular surface reconstruction. Curr Eye Res 2014; 39:541-52. [PMID: 24405104 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.853803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe ocular surface disorders can result in deficiency of limbal stem cells that is potentially associated with chronic inflammation, impaired vision and even blindness. Advanced stem cells deficiency requires reconstruction of the OS with autologous or allogeneic limbal stem cells. To address such deficiency, a limbal tissue biopsy is taken and limbal cells are expanded on a carrier, which then can be used for OS reconstruction. Human amniotic membrane - currently the most common carrier for transplantation of limbal epithelial stem cells - has the downsides of carrying the risk of disease transmission, limited transparency, variable and unstable quality and low mechanical strength. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of the established carrier materials for limbal stem cell transplantation, as well as discussing emerging alternatives, including carriers based on collagen, fibrin, siloxane hydrogel contact lenses, poly(ε-caprolactone), gelatin-chitosan, silk fibroin, human anterior lens capsule, keratin, poly(lactide-co-glycolide), polymethacrylate, hydroxyethylmethacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) for their potential use in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany and
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32
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Biotechnological applications and prospective market of microbial keratinases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:9931-40. [PMID: 24121933 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Keratinases are well-recognized enzymes with the unique ability to attack highly cross-linked, recalcitrant structural proteins such as keratin. Their potential in environmental clean-up of huge amount of feather waste has been well established since long. Today, they have gained importance in various other biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications. However, commercial availability of keratinases is still limited. Hence, to attract entrepreneurs, investors and enzyme industries it is utmost important to explicitly present the market potential of keratinases through detailed account of its application sectors. Here, the application areas have been divided into three parts: the first one is dealing with the area of exclusive applications, the second emphasizes protease dominated sectors where keratinases would prove better substitutes, and the third deals with upcoming newer areas which still await practical documentation. An account of benefits of keratinase usage, existing market size, and available commercial sources and products has also been presented.
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Preparation and characterization of keratin-based biocomposite hydrogels prepared by electron beam irradiation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:5051-7. [PMID: 24094223 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The biocompatible and highly porous keratin-based hydrogels were prepared using electron beam irradiation (EBI). The conditions for keratin-based hydrogel formation were investigated depending on several conditions, including the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), concentration of keratin solution, EBI dose, and poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) additives. The pure keratin (human hair and wool) aqueous solution was not gelled by EBI, while the aqueous keratin solutions blended with PVA were gelled at an EBI dose of more than 90 kGy. Furthermore, in the presence of PEI, the aqueous keratin solution blended with PVA could be gelled at a considerably lower EBI dose, even at 10 kGy. This finding suggests that the PEI additives significantly influence the rate of gelation and that PEIs function as an accelerator during gelation. The resulting keratin-based hydrogels were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gel fraction, degree of swelling, gel strength, and kinetics of swelling analyses.
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Manivasagan P, Sivakumar K, Gnanam S, Venkatesan J, Kim SK. Production, Biochemical Characterization and Detergents Application of Keratinase from the Marine Actinobacterium Actinoalloteichus sp. MA-32. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-013-1519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Song NB, Jo WS, Song HY, Chung KS, Won M, Song KB. Effects of plasticizers and nano-clay content on the physical properties of chicken feather protein composite films. Food Hydrocoll 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Purification and characterization of a keratinolytic serine protease from Purpureocillium lilacinum LPS # 876. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Biothermoplastics from hydrolyzed and citric acid Crosslinked chicken feathers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:1203-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Yin XC, Li FY, He YF, Wang Y, Wang RM. Study on effective extraction of chicken feather keratins and their films for controlling drug release. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:528-536. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm00158j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Borrelli M, Reichl S, Feng Y, Schargus M, Schrader S, Geerling G. In vitro characterization and ex vivo surgical evaluation of human hair keratin films in ocular surface reconstruction after sterilization processing. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:221-230. [PMID: 23015265 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The disadvantages of human amniotic membrane (hAM), used for ocular surface reconstruction, necessitate the development of standardized alternatives. Keratin-derived-films (KF) have been indicated as transferable substrate for cell cultivation and tissue engineering. The impact of different sterilization procedures on KF and surgical feasibility were investigated. Human hair KF were prepared and sterilized; optical, biomechanical properties, in vitro cell seeding efficiency and proliferation of human corneal epithelial cells were studied and compared with hAM. Surgical feasibility was tested on enucleated porcine eye. Sterilized KF showed higher light transmission and significantly higher E-modulus than hAM; cell-seeding-efficiency and proliferation rate were not affected. Although KF could be surgically handled, suture placement was more difficult compared to hAM. Plasma treatment seems the best sterilization method for KF; it does not affect cell biology or optical and biomechanical properties. However material modifications are requested before KF may represent a feasible alternative for ocular surface reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Borrelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duesseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.
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40
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Polyurethane-Keratin Membranes: Structural Changes by Isocyanate and pH, and the Repercussion on Cr(VI) Removal. INT J POLYM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/892547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin has the capacity to interact with metal ions. In order to take advantage of this potential, a novel membrane with polyurethane and keratin has been developed and studied for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. Physicochemical and morphological properties of these hybrid membranes were studied, varying synthesis parameters such as the type of isocyanate and pH in keratin solution. The effects of using diphenyl-methane-diisocyanate or toluene-diisocyanate and modifying the pH in keratin solutions were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamical mechanical analysis. Results show that pH has a strong influence on morphology and on Cr(VI) removal efficiency. When pH in keratin solution is low (2.5), the protein separates from water, and a more closed cell in the membrane is obtained affecting its mechanical properties. The removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was also assessed at different pH values of chromium solutions. These results show that when pH of the Cr solution is acidic (at 1.5), the Cr(VI) removal percentages increase significantly, reaching up to a 58%. Thus this paper demonstrates the successful combination of synthetic and natural polymers depending on the process parameters to be applied in the critical purpose of remediation of Cr(VI) contamination.
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Khosa MA, Wu J, Ullah A. Chemical modification, characterization, and application of chicken feathers as novel biosorbents. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43787f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Yuan J, Geng J, Xing Z, Shim KJ, Han I, Kim JC, Kang IK, Shen J. Novel wound dressing based on nanofibrous PHBV-keratin mats. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012. [PMID: 23208930 DOI: 10.1002/term.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Keratin is an important protein used for wound healing and tissue recovery. In this study, keratin was first extracted from raw materials and chemically modified to obtain stable keratin (m-keratin). The raw and m-keratin were examined by Raman spectroscopy. The molecular weight of the m-keratin was analysed by SDS-PAGE. The m-keratin was then blended with poly(hydroxybutylate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and electrospun to afford nanofibrous mats. These mats were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). From the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) data, it was found that introduction of keratin enhanced cell proliferation. From wound-healing test and histological examination results, it was shown that the composite mats accelerated wound recovery remarkably as compared to the PHBV control. It was concluded that PHBV-keratin may be a good candidate as a wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Geng
- Department of Polymer Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Zhicai Xing
- Department of Polymer Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Shim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Insook Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung-Chul Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Inn-Kyu Kang
- Department of Polymer Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, People's Republic of China
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Fazilat H, Akhlaghi S, Shiri ME, Sharif A. Predicting thermal degradation kinetics of nylon6/feather keratin blends using artificial intelligence techniques. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Morphology, nanomechanical and thermodynamic surface characteristics of nylon 6/feather keratin blend films: an atomic force microscopy investigation. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Keratinase production and biodegradation of whole chicken feather keratin by a newly isolated bacterium under submerged fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:1040-51. [PMID: 22246728 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A new feather-degrading bacterium PKD 5 was isolated from feather dumping soil and identified as Bacillus weihenstephanensis based on morphological and physiochemical characteristics as well as 16S rRNA gene analysis. Extracellular keratinase was produced during submerged aerobic cultivation in a medium containing chicken feather as sole carbon and energy source and supplemented with salt solutions (NaCl 5.0, MgSO₄ 1.0, K₂HPO₄ 1.0, (NH₄)₂SO₄, 2.0 g/l). The optimal conditions for keratinase production include initial pH of 7.0, inoculum size of 2% (v/v), and cultivation at 40 °C. The maximum keratinase production and keratinolytic activity of PKD 5 was achieved after 7 days of fermentation under shaking condition (120 rpm). The enzyme has found application in developing cost-effective feather by-products for feeds and fertilizers. The manuscript first time describes B. weihenstephanensis PKD 5-mediated keratinase production under submerged fermentation and whole chicken feather biodegradation.
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Martelli SM, Laurindo JB. Chicken Feather Keratin Films Plasticized with Polyethylene Glycol. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2011.557809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ullah A, Vasanthan T, Bressler D, Elias AL, Wu J. Bioplastics from Feather Quill. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3826-32. [DOI: 10.1021/bm201112n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ullah
- Department of Agricultural,
Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Thavaratnam Vasanthan
- Department of Agricultural,
Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - David Bressler
- Department of Agricultural,
Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Anastasia L. Elias
- Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural,
Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
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Cao ZJ, Lu D, Luo LS, Deng YX, Bian YG, Zhang XQ, Zhou MH. Composition analysis and application of degradation products of whole feathers through a large scale of fermentation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 19:2690-2696. [PMID: 22293907 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Feathers are one of the most abundant bioresources. They are discarded as waste in most cases and could cause environmental pollution. On the other hand, keratin constituted by amino acids is the main component of feathers. In this article, we reported on biorefined feathers and integrants and application of degraded products. MATERIALS AND METHODS The fermentation of whole chicken feathers with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DHHJ in a scale-up of a 5-L bioreactor was investigated in this article. The fermentation process was controlled at 0.08 MPa pressure, 2.5 L/min airflow, and 300 rpm as 100% oxygen saturation level, 40°C, and pH 7.8. RESULTS Feathers were almost completely degraded in the tested fermentation reaction with the following conditions: 80 g of whole feathers in 3 L fermentation broth for 72 h, seed age of 16 h, 100 mL inoculation amount, and 50% oxygen saturation level. The degraded products contain 397.1 mg/L soluble protein that has mass weight ranging from 10 to 160 kD, 336.9 mg/L amino acids, and many kinds of metal ions. The fermentation broth was evaluated as leaf fertilizer and found to increase plant growth to 82% or 66% for two- or fourfold dilutions, respectively. In addition, in a hair care assay, the broth showed a hair protective function by increasing weight, flexibility, and strength of the treated hair. CONCLUSIONS The whole feathers were degraded completely by S. maltophilia DHHJ. The degraded product includes many factors to life, such as peptides, amino acids, and mineral elements. It could be applied as leaf fertilizer and hair care product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Jun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Donghua University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, China
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Akhlaghi S, Sharif A, Kalaee M, Manafi M. Miscibility and thermal behavior of poly(vinyl chloride)/feather keratin blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Jin E, Reddy N, Zhu Z, Yang Y. Graft polymerization of native chicken feathers for thermoplastic applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1729-1738. [PMID: 21302951 DOI: 10.1021/jf1039519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Inexpensive and biodegradable thermoplastics were developed through graft polymerization of native chicken feather with methyl acrylate as a potential substitute for petroleum products. Poultry feathers are available in large quantities at a low price. However, natural chicken feathers have poor thermoplasticity, cannot be used to develop thermoplastic products, have very limited industrial applications, and are often considered as solid wastes. In this research, the effects of graft polymerization conditions, such as molar ratio of NaHSO(3) to K(2)S(2)O(8), initiator and monomer concentrations, pH, temperature and time of polymerization, on grafting parameters, that is, the conversion of monomer to polymer, grafting percentage, and grafting efficiency were evaluated. Methyl acrylate was found to be successfully grafted onto functional groups on the surfaces of the chicken feathers, and optimal graft polymerization conditions were also obtained. The feather-g-poly(methyl acrylate) developed showed good thermoplasticity, and feather films had substantially higher tensile properties than soy protein isolate and starch acetate films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles and Garments, Jiangnan University , Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China
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