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Li C, Tao M, Li T, Huang X, Sui H, Fu X. Research Progress of Tamarixetin and its Glycosides. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:689-703. [PMID: 37642001 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230828123425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Tamarixetin and its glycosides are widely distributed in natural plants, and they are also natural flavonoid derivatives of quercetin. Its main pharmacological effects include antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, cardiovascular effects, etc. The pharmacokinetics showed that the distribution of direct absorption differed from that of biosynthesis. At the same time, research shows that tamarixetin is safe to use because it has little self-toxicity. In this paper, 181 articles on tamarixetin published from 1976 to 2023 are obtained from PubMed, China Knowledge Base Database, Wanfang Data, and other electronic databases. Tamarixetin is searched based on keywords, and 121 articles remain. Transformation synthesis, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological action, and structureactivity relationship of tamarixetin were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunbing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Mengxin Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Yinchuan, 75004, China
| | - Xiaofen Huang
- Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Yinchuan, 75004, China
| | - Hong Sui
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xueyan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Yinchuan, 75004, China
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Pasdaran A, Zare M, Hamedi A, Hamedi A. A Review of the Chemistry and Biological Activities of Natural Colorants, Dyes, and Pigments: Challenges, and Opportunities for Food, Cosmetics, and Pharmaceutical Application. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300561. [PMID: 37471105 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Natural pigments are important sources for the screening of bioactive lead compounds. This article reviewed the chemistry and therapeutic potentials of over 570 colored molecules from plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, algae, and marine sources. Moreover, related biological activities, advanced extraction, and identification approaches were reviewed. A variety of biological activities, including cytotoxicity against cancer cells, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, anti-microbial, antiviral, and anti-protozoal activities, have been reported for different pigments. Considering their structural backbone, they were classified as naphthoquinones, carotenoids, flavonoids, xanthones, anthocyanins, benzotropolones, alkaloids, terpenoids, isoprenoids, and non-isoprenoids. Alkaloid pigments were mostly isolated from bacteria and marine sources, while flavonoids were mostly found in plants and mushrooms. Colored quinones and xanthones were mostly extracted from plants and fungi, while colored polyketides and terpenoids are often found in marine sources and fungi. Carotenoids are mostly distributed among bacteria, followed by fungi and plants. The pigments isolated from insects have different structures, but among them, carotenoids and quinone/xanthone are the most important. Considering good manufacturing practices, the current permitted natural colorants are: Carotenoids (canthaxanthin, β-carotene, β-apo-8'-carotenal, annatto, astaxanthin) and their sources, lycopene, anthocyanins, betanin, chlorophyllins, spirulina extract, carmine and cochineal extract, henna, riboflavin, pyrogallol, logwood extract, guaiazulene, turmeric, and soy leghemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student research committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Hamedi
- School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Guo S, Gu D, Liu C, Tang S, Wang Y, Yang Y. High-speed counter-current chromatographic separation and thermodynamic mechanism of an antioxidant from Morus alba leaves. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2023.104617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Yao J, Zhao J, Wen JR, Yang ZJ, Lin YP, Sun L, Lu QY, Fan GJ. Flavonoid-containing supplements for preventing acute respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2022; 70:102865. [PMID: 35940344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of flavonoid-containing supplements in preventing acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of flavonoid-containing supplements on ARTI prevention in the aspects of ARTI incidence, mean ARTI sick days, symptoms, bio-immune markers, and adverse effects were searched in 5 databases. Data were searched from inception to November 26, 2021. Stata 16.0 was used to perform the meta-analysis. RESULTS Twenty RCTs (n = 4521) were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that in the flavonoid-containing supplement group, the ARTI incidence and mean ARTI sick days were significantly decreased compared to those in the control group (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.74-0.89, p < 0.001; WMD = -0.56, 95% CI: -1.04 to -0.08, p = 0.021; respectively). In 8 RCTs, flavonoids were singly used for interventions, ARTI incidence in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to that in the control group (RR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72-1.00, p = 0.047). In ten RCTs, flavonoid-containing mixtures were applied for interventions, and ARTI incidence in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to that in the control group (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71-0.89, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the ARTI incidence and mean ARTI sick days were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to those in the control group in the flavan-3-ols subgroup (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67-0.92, p = 0.002; WMD = -2.75, 95% CI: -4.30 to -1.21, p < 0.001; respectively) and the multiple subclasses subgroup (RR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.63-0.88, p = 0.001; WMD = -0.56, 95% CI: -1.11 to -0.01, p = 0.046; respectively). However, the bio-immune markers including interleukin-6, hypersensitive-c-reactive-protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ did not differ between the flavonoid group and the control group. Moreover, in the flavonoid-containing supplement group, the incidence of adverse reactions did not increase compared to that in the control group (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.78-1.73, p = 0.469). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that flavonoid-containing supplements were efficacious and safe in preventing ARTIs. The most important limitations result from the small number of trials, poor quality of some included RCTs, differences in the composition and types of interventions, principal subclasses of flavonoids, methods of administration, and methodology. Moreover, only a few RCTs conducted independent verification of the flavonoid supplements used in the trial in terms of purity and potency, which may lead to a potential source of bias. Thus, larger and better-designed studies are needed to further verify this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yao
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jun-Ru Wen
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Yang
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yu-Ping Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Qi-Yun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Guan-Jie Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China.
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Yao J, Zhao J, Wang X, Yang Z, Lin Y, Sun L, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Fan G. Flavonoids for viral acute respiratory tract infections: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056919. [PMID: 36123053 PMCID: PMC9486221 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Herbal and 'natural' products are a growing industry in today's society because they reportedly help with numerous diseases and ailments. To date, there are some randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted on patients concerning the efficacy of flavonoids against viral acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) showing inconsistent results. On this basis, we will summarise the available evidence to investigate the efficacy of flavonoids on viral ARTI by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol has been registered. The systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted by Cochrane guidelines and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement. RCTs comparing the flavonoids group with the control group for treating virus-induced ARTI will be included. RCTs published with relative outcomes will be searched through 12 databases. Data were searched from inception to 25 March 2022. Relevant literature search, data extraction and quality assessment will be performed by pairs of reviewers independently, and the third researcher will be involved in a discussion for disagreements. Stata V.16.0 software will be used for statistical analysis. Dichotomous data will use the ORs with 95% CIs. Continuous data will use the weighted mean difference with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity will be tested by χ2-based Cochran Q statistic and I2 statistic. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses will be used to observe the heterogeneity between included studies. The funnel plot, Egger's test and Begg's test will be used to judge the publication bias. A p<0.05 will be considered to indicate a statistically significant result. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY202180107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yao
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhe Wang
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojun Yang
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanjie Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Yao J, Zhang Y, Wang XZ, Zhao J, Yang ZJ, Lin YP, Sun L, Lu QY, Fan GJ. Flavonoids for Treating Viral Acute Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 30 Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Public Health 2022; 10:814669. [PMID: 35252093 PMCID: PMC8888526 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.814669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of flavonoids in treating viral acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were entered into meta-analyses performed separately for each indication. Efficacy analyses were based on changes in disease-specific symptom scores. Safety was analyzed based on the pooled data from all eligible trials, by comparing the incidence of adverse events between flavonoids and the control. RESULTS In this study, thirty RCTs (n = 5,166) were included. In common cold, results showed that the flavonoids group decreased total cold intensity score (CIS), the sum of sum of symptom intensity differences (SSID) of CIS, and duration of inability to work vs. the control group. In influenza, the flavonoids group improved the visual analog scores for symptoms. In COVID-19, the flavonoids group decreased the time taken for alleviation of symptoms, time taken for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR clearance, the RT-PCR positive subjects at day 7, time to achievement of the normal status of symptoms, patients needed oxygen, patients hospitalized and requiring mechanical ventilation, patients in ICU, days of hospitalization, and mortality vs. the control group. In acute non-streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis, the flavonoids group decreased the tonsillitis severity score (TSS) on day 7. In acute rhinosinusitis, the flavonoids group decreased the sinusitis severity score (SSS) on day 7, days off work, and duration of illness. In acute bronchitis, the flavonoids group decreased the bronchitis severity score (BSS) on day 7, days off work, and duration of illness. In bronchial pneumonia, the flavonoids group decreased the time to symptoms disappearance, the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In upper respiratory tract infections, the flavonoids group decreased total CIS on day 7 and increased the improvement rate of symptoms. Furthermore, the results of the incidence of adverse reactions did not differ between the flavonoids and the control group. CONCLUSION Results from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that flavonoids were efficacious and safe in treating viral ARTIs including the common cold, influenza, COVID-19, acute non-streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis, acute rhinosinusitis, acute bronchitis, bronchial pneumonia, and upper respiratory tract infections. However, uncertainty remains because there were few RCTs per type of ARTI and many of the RCTs were small and of low quality with a substantial risk of bias. Given the limitations, we suggest that the conclusions need to be confirmed on a larger scale with more detailed instructions in future studies.Systematic Review Registration: inplasy.com/inplasy-2021-8-0107/, identifier: INPLASY20218010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yao
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Zhe Wang
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Yang
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ping Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yun Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guan-Jie Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Chang CW, Lee JJ, Lu KT. The Effects of Adding Heartwood Extractives from Acacia confusa on the Lightfastness Improvement of Refined Oriental Lacquer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234085. [PMID: 34883589 PMCID: PMC8658934 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a renewable polymeric material, refined oriental lacquer (ROL), used as a wood protective coating, and the Acacia confusa Merr. heartwood extractive, which was added as a natural photostabilizer for improving the lightfastness of ROL, were investigated. The best extract conditions for preparing heartwood extractives and the most suitable amount of addition (0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 phr) were investigated. The lightfastness index including brightness difference (ΔL *), yellowness difference (ΔYI), and color difference (ΔE *), and their applied properties of coating and film were measured. In the manufacture of heartwood extractives, the yield of extractives with acetone solvent was 9.2%, which was higher than that from toluene/ethanol solvent of 2.6%, and also had the most abundant total phenolic contents (535.2 mgGAE/g) and total flavonoid contents (252.3 μgRE/g). According to the SEM inspection and FTIR analysis, the plant gums migration to the surface of films and cracks occurred after UV exposure. The phenomena for photodegradation of ROL films were reduced after the addition of heartwood extractives. Among the different amounts of the heartwood extractives, the 10 phr addition was the best choice; however, the 1 phr heartwood extractive addition already showed noticeable lightfastness improvement. The drying times of ROL were extended and film performances worse with higher additions of heartwood extractives. Among the ROL films with different heartwood extractive additions, the ROL film with 1 phr addition had superior films properties, regarding adhesion and thermal stability, compared with the films of raw oriental lacquer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Chang
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jhen Lee
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tsung Lu
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Fu Y, Liu W, Soladoye OP. Towards innovative food processing of flavonoid compounds: Insights into stability and bioactivity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kumar A, Kaushik P, Incerpi S, Pedersen JZ, Goel S, Prasad AK, Rohil V, Parmar VS, Saso L, Len C. Evaluation of the Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Ellagic Acid and Ellagic Acid Peracetate by EPR Spectrometry. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164800. [PMID: 34443388 PMCID: PMC8399592 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of ellagic acid (EA) and ellagic acid peracetate (EAPA) by measuring their reactions with the radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and galvinoxyl using EPR spectroscopy. We have also evaluated the influence of EA and EAPA on the ROS production in L-6 myoblasts and rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation catalyzed by NADPH. The results obtained clearly indicated that EA has tremendous ability to scavenge free radicals, even at concentration of 1 µM. Interestingly even in the absence of esterase, EAPA, the acetylated product of EA, was also found to be a good scavenger but at a relatively slower rate. Kinetic studies revealed that both EA and EAPA have ability to scavenge free radicals at the concentrations of 1 µM over extended periods of time. In cellular systems, EA and EAPA were found to have similar potentials for the inhibition of ROS production in L-6 myoblasts and NADPH-dependent catalyzed microsomal lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Haryana, 39, RGEC, Sonepat 131 029, India; (A.K.); (P.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, V. P. Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India; (S.G.); (V.R.)
| | - Preeti Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Haryana, 39, RGEC, Sonepat 131 029, India; (A.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Sandra Incerpi
- Department of Sciences, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jens Z. Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca, Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sanjay Goel
- Department of Biochemistry, V. P. Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India; (S.G.); (V.R.)
| | - Ashok K. Prasad
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India; (A.K.P.); (V.S.P.)
| | - Vishwajeet Rohil
- Department of Biochemistry, V. P. Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India; (S.G.); (V.R.)
| | - Virinder S. Parmar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India; (A.K.P.); (V.S.P.)
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Medgar Evers College, The City University of New York, 1638 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, P. le. Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Christophe Len
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR8060, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Comparative Assessment of the Antioxidant Activities among the Extracts of Different Parts of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels in Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3958098. [PMID: 33082823 PMCID: PMC7563039 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3958098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels (wampee) is an outstanding natural plant with medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to compare the cytoprotective effects of four parts of wampee under oxidative stress. The aqueous extracts of leaf, peel, pulp, and seed were tested for the proliferation effects on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells and the protective effects in the hydrogen peroxide-induced HGF model. Furthermore, the total glutathione assay and identification of rutin by high-performance liquid chromatography were carried out to attempt to determine whether the cytoprotective effects were related to the total glutathione (GSH) stability and rutin content. The results showed that all of the extracts had no cytotoxicity to HGF at tested concentrations ranging from 50 to 5000 μg/ml during 24 h, and the leaf, pulp, and seed extracts increased proliferation of HGF at relatively high concentrations. All the extracts except for the seed extract significantly decreased the production of reactive oxygen species, and the peel extracts exhibited the most effective antioxidant effect. The leaf extract had the highest anticytotoxicity and GSH stabilization effect in the HGF challenged with hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the relative content of rutin in peel and leaf extracts was higher than that in pulp and seed. The results of GSH assay and rutin identification suggest that different cellular protective effects among the four parts of wampee are partially related to the GSH stabilization and rutin content. These findings provide a scientific basis for the antioxidant effect-related biological activities of wampee extracts.
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Dai F, Du YT, Zheng YL, Zhou B. Inhibiting NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation by Catechol-Type Diphenylbutadiene via an Intracellular Copper- and Iron-Dependent Pro-Oxidative Role. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10029-10035. [PMID: 32812423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation mediated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays a crucial role in the development of cancer. As part of our continuous efforts placed on investigating anticancer mechanisms of dietary catechols, we further applied catechol-type diphenylbutadiene (3,4-DHB) as a model molecule to probe whether it inhibits inflammation by its pro-oxidative role. Employing lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells as a model of inflammation, we validated that benefiting from its catechol moiety, 3,4-DHB inhibited significantly the LPS-induced formation of NO (11.48 ± 0.39 μM) compared with the only LPS-stimulated group (31.8 ± 1.78 μM) with an inhibitory rate of 64% at 5 μM, expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins, phosphorylation of IkB kinase and IkBα, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Noticeably, its inhibitory activity against the NF-κB-mediated inflammation can be obviously revised by pretreatment of the cells with dithiothreitol (a quencher of both electrophilic o-quinone and ROS), neocuproine (a specific chelating agent for copper ions), and deferoxamine (a specific chelating agent for iron ions). The above results support that depending on intracellular copper and iron ions, 3,4-DHB, a pro-electrophile, can be converted into its corresponding o-quinone electrophile together with the generation of ROS, a pro-oxidative event that mediates its inhibitory activity against NF-κB signaling and inflammation. The copper- and iron-dependent inhibition against inflammation supports that dietary catechols are probably pro-oxidative anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yu-Ting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, Shanxi 034000, China
| | - Ya-Long Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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Rolt A, Cox LS. Structural basis of the anti-ageing effects of polyphenolics: mitigation of oxidative stress. BMC Chem 2020; 14:50. [PMID: 32793891 PMCID: PMC7417423 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing, and particularly the onset of age-related diseases, is associated with tissue dysfunction and macromolecular damage, some of which can be attributed to accumulation of oxidative damage. Polyphenolic natural products such as stilbenoids, flavonoids and chalcones have been shown to be effective at ameliorating several age-related phenotypes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired proteostasis and cellular senescence, both in vitro and in vivo. Here we aim to identify the structural basis underlying the pharmacology of polyphenols towards ROS and related biochemical pathways involved in age-related disease. We compile and describe SAR trends across different polyphenol chemotypes including stilbenoids, flavonoids and chalcones, review their different molecular targets and indications, and identify common structural ground between chemotypes and mechanisms of action. In particular, we focus on the structural requirements for the direct scavenging of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species such as radicals as well as coordination of a broader antioxidant response. We further suggest that it is important to consider multiple (rather than single) biological activities when identifying and developing new medicinal chemistry entities with utility in modulating complex biological properties such as cell ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rolt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU UK
| | - Lynne S Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU UK
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13
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Computational study on the antioxidant property of coumarin-fused coumarins. Food Chem 2020; 304:125446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Chemical, structural and functional properties of whey proteins covalently modified with phytochemical compounds. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Xie Y, Jiang S, Li M, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Qian H, Yao W. Evaluation on the formation of lipid free radicals in the oxidation process of peanut oil. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Flavonoids are not essential nutrients in that their absence from the diet does not produce deficiency conditions in animals and man. However, many have important similarities to pharmacological agents used in the treatment of disease. Their role as dietary components in disease prevention is less clear. Many potentially anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic effects observed in cell cultures will not be of nutritional relevance unless flavonoids gain access to appropriate cellular sites. The bioavailability of flavonoids will depend on numerous factors including molecular structure, the amount consumed, the food matrix, degree of bioconversion in the gut and tissues, the nutrient status of the host and genetic factors. Moreover, extensive and rapid intestinal and hepatic metabolism of flavonoids suggests that the body may treat them as xenobiotic and potentially toxic compounds requiring rapid elimination. Consequently, in addition to potential health benefits, possible adverse effects of flavonoids in the diet also need to be considered when assessing their roles in the prevention of degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Kyle
- Molecular Nutrition Group, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, Scotland, UK
| | - Garry Duthie
- Molecular Nutrition Group, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, Scotland, UK
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17
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Hwang IW, Chung SK. Isolation and Identification of Myricitrin, an Antioxidant Flavonoid, from Daebong Persimmon Peel. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2018; 23:341-346. [PMID: 30675464 PMCID: PMC6342535 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2018.23.4.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidant flavonoid, myricitrin, was isolated and identified from Daebong persimmon peel. The persimmon peel extract was successively fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The ethyl acetate fraction had the strongest antioxidant activities among the solvent fractions and was further fractionated by silica gel and octadecylsilane column chromatography, and preparative high performance liquid chromatography. Three antioxidant compounds were finally isolated, and compound 2 was identified as myricitrin by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. Myricitrin had the strongest antioxidant activities by ferric ion reducing antioxidant power and α,α-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assays. These results suggested that myricitrin was found as a major antioxidant flavonoid responsible for the strong antioxidant activities of Daebong persimmon peels.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Wook Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Shin-Kyo Chung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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18
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Xue Y, Liu Y, Luo Q, Wang H, Chen R, Liu Y, Li Y. Antiradical Activity and Mechanism of Coumarin–Chalcone Hybrids: Theoretical Insights. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8520-8529. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b06787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yunping Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Qingquan Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Han Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Ya Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
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19
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Amić A, Marković Z, Dimitrić Marković JM, Milenković D, Lučić B. The role of guaiacyl moiety in free radical scavenging by 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol: thermodynamics of 3H+/3e− mechanisms. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1506174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Amić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Department of Chemical-Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | | | - Dejan Milenković
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bono Lučić
- NMR Centre, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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20
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Awika JM, Rose DJ, Simsek S. Complementary effects of cereal and pulse polyphenols and dietary fiber on chronic inflammation and gut health. Food Funct 2018. [PMID: 29532826 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo02011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cereal grains and grain pulses are primary staples often consumed together, and contribute a major portion of daily human calorie and protein intake globally. Protective effects of consuming whole grain cereals and grain pulses against various inflammation-related chronic diseases are well documented. However, potential benefits of combined intake of whole cereals and pulses beyond their complementary amino acid nutrition is rarely considered in literature. There is ample evidence that key bioactive components of whole grain cereals and pulses are structurally different and thus may be optimized to provide synergistic/complementary health benefits. Among the most important whole grain bioactive components are polyphenols and dietary fiber, not only because of their demonstrated biological function, but also their major impact on consumer choice of whole grain/pulse products. This review highlights the distinct structural differences between key cereal grain and pulse polyphenols and non-starch polysaccharides (dietary fiber), and the evidence on specific synergistic/complementary benefits of combining the bioactive components from the two commodities. Interactive effects of the polyphenols and fiber on gut microbiota and associated benefits to colon health, and against systemic inflammation, are discussed. Processing technologies that can be used to further enhance the interactive benefits of combined cereal-pulse bioactive compounds are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Awika
- Cereal Quality Laboratory, Soil & Crop Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA. and Nutrition and Food Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Devin J Rose
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Senay Simsek
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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Kumar A, Sharma P, Sharma PK. Exploration of antioxidant activity of newly synthesized azo flavones and its correlation with electrochemical parameters along with the study of their redox behaviour. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934817100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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A synthetic cell permeable antioxidant protects neurons against acute oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11857. [PMID: 28928373 PMCID: PMC5605738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage proteins, lipids, and DNA, which result in cell damage and death. The outcomes can be acute, as seen in stroke, or more chronic as observed in age-related diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. Here we investigate the antioxidant ability of a novel synthetic flavonoid, Proxison (7-decyl-3-hydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-4-chromenone), using a range of in vitro and in vivo approaches. We show that, while it has radical scavenging ability on par with other flavonoids in a cell-free system, Proxison is orders of magnitude more potent than natural flavonoids at protecting neural cells against oxidative stress and is capable of rescuing damaged cells. The unique combination of a lipophilic hydrocarbon tail with a modified polyphenolic head group promotes efficient cellular uptake and moderate mitochondrial enrichment of Proxison. Importantly, in vivo administration of Proxison demonstrated effective and well tolerated neuroprotection against cell loss in a zebrafish model of dopaminergic neurodegeneration.
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23
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Agah S, Kim H, Mertens-Talcott SU, Awika JM. Complementary cereals and legumes for health: Synergistic interaction of sorghum flavones and cowpea flavonols against LPS-induced inflammation in colonic myofibroblasts. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Agah
- Department of Soil and Crop Science; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
| | - Hyemee Kim
- Department of Soil and Crop Science; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
| | | | - Joseph M. Awika
- Department of Soil and Crop Science; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
- Allied Blending and ingredients; Bell CA, USA
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24
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Guitard R, Paul JF, Nardello-Rataj V, Aubry JM. Myricetin, rosmarinic and carnosic acids as superior natural antioxidant alternatives to α-tocopherol for the preservation of omega-3 oils. Food Chem 2016; 213:284-295. [PMID: 27451183 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
22 natural polyphenols are compared to 7 synthetic antioxidants including BHT, BHA, TBHQ and PG with regard to their ability to protect omega-3 oils from autoxidation. The antioxidant efficiency of phenols is assessed using the DPPH test and the measurement of oxygen consumption during the autoxidation of oils rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Also, the bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE) of the Ar-OH bonds are calculated and excellent correlations between thermodynamic, kinetic and oxidation data are obtained. It is shown that kinetic rates of hydrogen transfer, number of radicals scavenged per antioxidant molecule, BDE and formation of antioxidant dimers from the primary radicals play an important role regarding the antioxidant activity of phenols. Based on this, it is finally shown that myricetin, rosmarinic and carnosic acids are more efficient than α-tocopherol and synthetic antioxidants for the preservation of omega-3 oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Guitard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ENSCL, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-François Paul
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ENSCL, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Véronique Nardello-Rataj
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ENSCL, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Aubry
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ENSCL, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France.
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25
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Flavonoids, Flavonoid Subclasses, and Esophageal Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060350. [PMID: 27338463 PMCID: PMC4924191 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have been suggested to play a chemopreventive role in carcinogenesis. However, the epidemiologic studies assessing dietary intake of flavonoids and esophageal cancer risk have yielded inconsistent results. This study was designed to examine the association between flavonoids, each flavonoid subclass, and the risk of esophageal cancer with a meta-analysis approach. We searched for all relevant studies with a prospective cohort or case-control study design published from January 1990 to April 2016, using PUBMED, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using fixed or random-effect models. In total, seven articles including 2629 cases and 481,193 non-cases were selected for the meta-analysis. Comparing the highest-intake patients with the lowest-intake patients for total flavonoids and for each flavonoid subclass, we found that anthocyanidins (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.49-0.74), flavanones (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.49-0.86), and flavones (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.64-0.95) were inversely associated with the risk of esophageal cancer. However, total flavonoids showed marginal association with esophageal cancer risk (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.59-1.04). In conclusion, our study suggested that dietary intake of total flavonoids, anthocyanidins, flavanones, and flavones might reduce the risk of esophageal cancer.
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26
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Apak R, Özyürek M, Güçlü K, Çapanoğlu E. Antioxidant Activity/Capacity Measurement. 1. Classification, Physicochemical Principles, Mechanisms, and Electron Transfer (ET)-Based Assays. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:997-1027. [PMID: 26728425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Because there is no widely adopted "total antioxidant parameter" as a nutritional index for labeling food and biological fluids, it is desirable to establish and standardize methods that can measure the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level directly from plant-based food extracts and biological fluids. In this review, we (i) present and classify the widely used analytical approaches (e.g., in vitro and in vivo, enzymatic and nonenzymatic, electron transfer (ET)- and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-based, direct and indirect assays) for evaluating antioxidant capacity/activity; (ii) discuss total antioxidant capacity/activity assays in terms of chemical kinetics and thermodynamics, reaction mechanisms, and analytical performance characteristics, together with advantages and drawbacks; and (iii) critically evaluate ET-based methods for analytical, food chemical, biomedical/clinical, and environmental scientific communities so that they can effectively use these assays in the correct places to meet their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özyürek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Güçlü
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Çapanoğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University , Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
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27
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Sun B, Gou Y, Xue Z, Zheng X, Ma Y, Hu F, Zhao W. Protections of bovine serum albumin protein from damage on functionalized graphene-based electrodes by flavonoids. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:197-205. [PMID: 26952415 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive electrochemical sensor based on bovine serum albumin (BSA)/poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) functionalized graphene nanosheets (PDDA-G) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (BSA/PDDA-G/GCE) had been developed to investigate the oxidative protein damage and protections of protein from damage by flavonoids. The performance of this sensor was remarkably improved due to excellent electrical conductivity, strong adsorptive ability, and large effective surface area of PDDA-G. The BSA/PDDA-G/GCE displayed the greatest degree of BSA oxidation damage at 40 min incubation time and in the pH 5.0 Fenton reagent system (12.5 mM FeSO4, 50 mM H2O2). The antioxidant activities of four flavonoids had been compared by fabricated sensor based on the relative peak current ratio of SWV, because flavonoids prevented BSA damage caused by Fenton reagent and affected the BSA signal in a solution containing Co(bpy)3(3+). The sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UV-vis spectrophotometry and FTIR were also used to investigate the generation of hydroxyl radical and BSA damage, respectively. On the basis of results from electrochemical methods, the order of the antioxidant activities of flavonoids is as follows: (+)-catechin>kaempferol>apigenin>naringenin. A novel, direct SWV analytical method for detection of BSA damage and assessment of the antioxidant activities of four flavonoids was developed and this electrochemical method provided a simple, inexpensive and rapid detection of BSA damage and evaluation of the antioxidant activities of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuqiang Gou
- Lanzhou Military Command Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoping Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuling Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fangdi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wanghong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 51515, China.
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28
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Kamel EM, Mahmoud AM, Ahmed SA, Lamsabhi AM. A phytochemical and computational study on flavonoids isolated from Trifolium resupinatum L. and their novel hepatoprotective activity. Food Funct 2016; 7:2094-106. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00194g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plants from the genus Trifolium have been utilized in the treatment of chronic diseases by many cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emadeldin M. Kamel
- Departamento de Química
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco
- Madrid
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Physiology Division
- Zoology Department
- Faculty of Science
- Beni-Suef University
- Beni-Suef
| | - Sayed A. Ahmed
- Organic Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Beni-Suef University
- Beni-Suef
- Egypt
| | - Al Mokhtar Lamsabhi
- Departamento de Química
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco
- Madrid
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29
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Winarsi H, Yuniaty A, Nuraeni I. Improvement of Antioxidant and Immune Status of Atherosclerotic Rats Adrenaline and Egg-Yolks -Induced Using Cardamom-Rhizome-Ethanolic-Extract: An Initial Study of Functional Food. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Copper(II) complexes with naringenin and hesperetin: cytotoxic activity against A 549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells and investigation on the mode of action. Biometals 2015; 29:39-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Novel flavonoids as anti-cancer agents: mechanisms of action and promise for their potential application in breast cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 42:1017-23. [PMID: 25109996 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large group of ubiquitous polyphenolic secondary metabolites in plants with a wide range of properties, including a widely reported anti-cancer effect. The present review focuses on the different known mechanisms partaking in said anti-tumour effects, with particular emphasis on breast cancer. Their structure and reactivity allows flavonoids to work as antioxidant agents and phyto-oestrogens, modulating oestrogen signalling and metabolism to induce an overall anti-proliferative response. Other effects include the ability of flavonoids to modulate the CYP1 (cytochrome P450 1) and ABC (ATP-binding cassette) protein families, involved in carcinogenesis and drug delivery respectively. They can also induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and regulate other signalling pathways involved in the development and progression of cancer. In conclusion, there is accumulating evidence on the versatility of flavonoids and the numerous activities contributing to their anti-tumour effect. The complex, yet effective, mechanism of action of flavonoids, together with their interesting pharmacological properties, is the basis for their potential application in breast and other cancers. This rationale has led to the current interest in the application of flavonoids, including clinical trials currently underway and the development of novel flavonoids with improved properties, which hold great promise for tackling breast cancer.
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32
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Kim DE, Kim B, Shin HS, Kwon HJ, Park ES. The protective effect of hispidin against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells through Akt/GSK-3β and ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2014; 327:264-75. [PMID: 25128810 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hispidin, a phenolic compound from Phellinus linteus (a medicinal mushroom), has been shown to possess strong anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-dementia properties. However, the cardioprotective efficacy of hispidin has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of hispidin against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. While the treatment of H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells with hydrogen peroxide caused a loss of cell viability and an increase in the number of apoptotic cells, hispidin significantly protected the cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death without any cytotoxicity as determined by XTT assay, LDH release assay, Hoechst 33342 assay, and Western blotting of apoptosis proteins such as caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2. Our data also shows that hispidin significantly scavenged intracellular ROS, and markedly enhanced the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 and catalase, which was accompanied by the concomitant activation of Akt/GSK-3β and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. The effects of hispidin on Akt and ERK phosphorylation were abrogated by LY294002 (a PI3K/Akt inhibitor) and U0126 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor). The effect of hispidin on GSK-3b activities was also blocked by LY294002. Furthermore, inhibiting the Akt/GSK-3β and ERK1/2 pathway by these inhibitors significantly reversed the hispidin-induced Bax and Bcl-2 expression, apoptosis induction, and ROS production. These findings indicate that hispidin protects against apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide through reducing intracellular ROS production, regulating apoptosis-related proteins, and the activation of the Akt/GSK-3β and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kyungbok University, Sinbuk-myeon, Pochen, Gyeonggi 487-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Functional Genomics, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Sup Shin
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Seok Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kyungbok University, Sinbuk-myeon, Pochen, Gyeonggi 487-717, Republic of Korea.
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Makarova K, Łastawska K, Wagner D, Wawer I. ESR study of spin trapping in Fenton media in the presence of taxifolin. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Xu F, Guan H, Feng Y, Yan B. Determination of tamarixetin and kaempferide in rat plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481406015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Su KY, Yu CY, Chen YW, Huang YT, Chen CT, Wu HF, Chen YLS. Rutin, a flavonoid and principal component of saussurea involucrata, attenuates physical fatigue in a forced swimming mouse model. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:528-37. [PMID: 24693223 PMCID: PMC3970108 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antifatigue effects of rutin, a flavonoid extracted from the ethyl acetate extract of S. involucrata. Mice were subjected to a weight-loaded forced swim test (WFST) on alternate days for 3 wk. Rutin was administered orally to the mice for 7 days in dosages of 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg body weight, and several biomarkers of physical fatigue were evaluated: swimming time, change in body weight, lipid peroxidation, lactic acid (LA), glycogen, and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). On Day 7, the rutin-treated mice had a 3-fold longer exhaustive swimming time than the control mice, as well as significantly reduced blood LA concentrations. The 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg body weight rutin-supplemented groups displayed 11.2%, 22.5%, and 37.7% reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, respectively, in brain and muscle tissues compared with the control exercised group. Our results indicated that the administration of rutin protected the mice against the depletion of SOD and GPx activities significantly. Following 7 days of rutin treatment, we sacrificed the mice and analyzed their soleus muscle and brain for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α coactivator (PGC-1α) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) mRNA expression. We observed that rutin treatment increased PGC-1α and SIRT1 mRNA and protein expression. The changes in these markers of mitochondrial biogenesis were associated with increased maximal endurance capacity. The application of 2D gel electrophoresis to analyze the rutin-responsive protein profiles in the WFST mouse brain further revealed the upregulation of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor-interacting protein 1, myelin basic protein, Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) alpha, and TPI, indicating that rutin might inhibit anxiety through the upregulation of the expression of anxiety-associated proteins. Western blot analysis of MAPK expression further confirmed the antianxiety effects of rutin. Our study results thus indicate that rutin treatment ameliorates the various impairments associated with physical fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Yi Su
- 2. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; ; 3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chao Yuan Yu
- 1. Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Wen Chen
- 1. Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsau Huang
- 4. National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Chen
- 1. Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fu Wu
- 1. Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Sophia Chen
- 1. Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
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36
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pH Dependence of reactive sites of curcumin possessing antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging ability studied using the electrochemical and ESR techniques: Polyaniline used as a source of the free radical. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Amić A, Marković Z, Dimitrić Marković JM, Stepanić V, Lučić B, Amić D. Towards an improved prediction of the free radical scavenging potency of flavonoids: the significance of double PCET mechanisms. Food Chem 2013; 152:578-85. [PMID: 24444978 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The 1H(+)/1e(-) and 2H(+)/2e(-) proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) processes of free radical scavenging by flavonoids were theoretically studied for aqueous and lipid environments using the PM6 and PM7 methods. The results reported here indicate that the significant contribution of the second PCET mechanism, resulting in the formation of a quinone/quinone methide, effectively discriminates the active from inactive flavonoids. The predictive potency of descriptors related to the energetics of second PCET mechanisms (the second O-H bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE2) related to hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism, and the second electron transfer enthalpy (ETE2) related to sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) mechanism) are superior to the currently used indices, which are related to the first 1H(+)/1e(-) processes, and could serve as primary descriptors in development of the QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationships) of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Amić
- Department of Biology, The Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Cara Hadrijana 8a, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Department of Chemical-Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | | | - Višnja Stepanić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bono Lučić
- NMR Center, Rudjer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragan Amić
- Faculty of Agriculture, The Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Kralja Petra Svačića 1d, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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Antioxidant activities and radical scavenging activities of flavonoids studied by the electrochemical methods and ESR technique based on the novel paramagnetic properties of poly(aniline-co-5-aminosalicylic acid). Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Duthie G, Campbell F, Bestwick C, Stephen S, Russell W. Antioxidant effectiveness of vegetable powders on the lipid and protein oxidative stability of cooked Turkey meat patties: implications for health. Nutrients 2013; 5:1241-52. [PMID: 23595133 PMCID: PMC3705345 DOI: 10.3390/nu5041241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid and protein oxidation decreases the shelf-life of foods and may result in formation of end-products potentially detrimental for health. Consumer pressure to decrease the use of synthetic phenolic antioxidants has encouraged identification of alternative compounds or extracts from natural sources. We have assessed whether inclusion of dried vegetable powders improves the oxidative stability of turkey meat patties. Such powders are not only potentially-rich sources of phenolic antioxidants, but also may impart additional health benefits, as inadequate vegetable consumption is a risk factor for heart disease and several cancers. In an accelerated oxidation system, six of eleven vegetable powders significantly (p < 0.05) improved oxidative stability of patties by 20%-30% (spinach < yellow pea < onion < red pepper < green pea < tomato). Improved lipid oxidative stability was strongly correlated with the decreased formation of protein carbonyls (r = 0.747, p < 0.01). However, improved lipid stability could not be ascribed to phenolic acids nor recognized antioxidants, such as α- and γ-tocopherol, despite their significant (p < 0.01) contribution to the total antioxidant capacity of the patties. Use of chemically complex vegetable powders offers an alternative to individual antioxidants for increasing shelf-life of animal-based food products and may also provide additional health benefits associated with increased vegetable intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Duthie
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, Scotland, UK.
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40
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PM6 study of free radical scavenging mechanisms of flavonoids: why does O–H bond dissociation enthalpy effectively represent free radical scavenging activity? J Mol Model 2013; 19:2593-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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41
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Papadimitriou V, Dulle M, Wachter W, Sotiroudis TG, Glatter O, Xenakis A. Structure and Dynamics of Veiled Virgin Olive Oil: Influence of Production Conditions and Relation to its Antioxidant Capacity. FOOD BIOPHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-013-9286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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42
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Tehfe MA, Dumur F, Xiao P, Graff B, Morlet-Savary F, Fouassier JP, Gigmes D, Lalevée J. New chromone based photoinitiators for polymerization reactions under visible light. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00536d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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43
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Bonilla-Ramirez L, Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Velez-Pardo C. Low doses of paraquat and polyphenols prolong life span and locomotor activity in knock-down parkin Drosophila melanogaster exposed to oxidative stress stimuli: Implication in autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinsonism. Gene 2013; 512:355-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Marković Z, Milenković D, Đorović J, Dimitrić Marković JM, Stepanić V, Lučić B, Amić D. Free radical scavenging activity of morin 2′-O− phenoxide anion. Food Chem 2012; 135:2070-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Antioxidant capacity of flavonoids in hepatic microsomes is not reflected by antioxidant effects in vivo. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:165127. [PMID: 22919437 PMCID: PMC3412118 DOI: 10.1155/2012/165127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with potential antioxidant activity via multiple reduction capacities. Oxidation of cellular lipids has been implicated in many diseases. Consequently, this study has assessed the ability of several dietary flavonoid aglycones to suppress lipid peroxidation of hepatic microsomes derived from rats deficient in the major lipid soluble antioxidant, dα-tocopherol. Antioxidant effectiveness was galangin > quercetin > kaempferol > fisetin > myricetin > morin > catechin > apigenin. However, none of the flavonoids were as effective as dα-tocopherol, particularly at the lowest concentrations used. In addition, there appears to be an important distinction between the in vitro antioxidant effectiveness of flavonoids and their ability to suppress indices of oxidation in vivo. Compared with dα-tocopherol, repletion of vitamin E deficient rats with quercetin, kaempferol, or myricetin did not significantly affect indices of lipid peroxidation and tissue damage. Direct antioxidant effect of flavonoids in vivo was not apparent probably due to low bioavailability although indirect redox effects through stimulation of the antioxidant response element cannot be excluded.
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46
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Yi L, Chen CY, Jin X, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Zhang QY, Zhu JD, Mi MT. Differential suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling pathway in vascular endothelial cells by several subclasses of flavonoids. Biochimie 2012; 94:2035-44. [PMID: 22683914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) is crucial for vascular endothelial dysfunction, a key step in the initiating of atherosclerosis (AS). The antioxidant activity of flavonoids has been suggested to contribute to AS prevention. However, The association of the structure characteristics to antioxidant capacities in relation to the inhibitory effects on endothelial dysfunction has not been well established. In this study, four subclasses of flavonoids with similar structures, including two anthocyanins (delphinidin and cyanidin), two flavonols (myricetin and quercetin), two flavones (luteolin and apigenin) and two isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) were examined for their inhibitory effects on intracellular ROS-mediated signaling pathway in the human umbilical vein endothelial cell EA.hy926. Cells were pretreated with different flavonoids for 2 h and then exposed to oxLDL of 100 μg/ml for another 24 h. It was found that treatment with different flavonoids alone had no notable effects on cell viability. However, the oxLDL-induced decrease of cell viability, generation of O(2)(·-) and ROS, p38MAPK activation, NF-κB nuclear translocation, NF-κB-modulated transcriptional activity as well as the mRNA expression of genes including ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were notably inhibited by the pretreatment of different flavonoids through blunting ROS-triggered signaling pathway, in spite of apparent differences. And the number of hydroxyl groups in total, 3',4'-ortho-dihydroxyl in B-ring and 3-hydroxyl group in C-ring of flavonoids were important structure characteristics for the inhibitory effects. Thus, anthocyanins and flavonols such as delphinidin and myricetin exert higher ROS scavenging activities and more significant endothelium-protective effects compared to the other compounds. Our results provide evidence for AS prevention and a basis for designing the potent anti-atherosclerotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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47
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Caldwell ST, McPhail DB, Duthie GG, Hartley RC. Synthesis of polyhydroxylated flavonoids bearing a lipophilic decyl tail as potential therapeutic antioxidants. CAN J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/v11-087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants have potential for the treatment of stroke and neurodegeneration, and chimeric compounds that combine a flavon-3-ol head group related to myricetin and a lipophilic decyl tail are known to protect membranes from oxidative damage at least as well as vitamin E. New flavon-3-ols that are highly hydroxylated in the B ring in ways not found in natural flavon-3-ols and bearing a lipophilic decyl tail have been prepared from trimethoxy- and tetramethoxybenzoic acids accessed by lithiation–carboxylation reactions. Direct enolate acylation was preferred over Baker–Venkataraman rearrangement when there were methoxy groups at both the 2- and the 6-position of the benzoic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart T. Caldwell
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ Scotland, UK
| | - Donald B. McPhail
- Antoxis Limited, 5:16 Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD Scotland, UK
| | - Garry G. Duthie
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB Scotland, UK
| | - Richard C. Hartley
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ Scotland, UK
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48
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Jabbari M, Gharib F. Kinetics and mechanism of naringenin reaction with Ce(IV) in different aqueous solutions of dimethylsulfoxide. INT J CHEM KINET 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Mendoza-Wilson AM, Santacruz-Ortega H, Balandrán-Quintana RR. Spectroscopic and computational study of the major oxidation products formed during the reaction of two quercetin conformers with a free radical. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 81:481-488. [PMID: 21767979 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this research was to determine whether there are differences between the major oxidation products formed during the reaction of quercetin unhydrate (QUH) or quercetin dihydrate (QDH) with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH), as well as to identify some properties of these products. The study was carried out employing spectroscopic and computational methods, in order to know the effect of different conformations of quercetin on the mechanism of free radical scavenging. The results demonstrated that although the same oxidation products may be formed from QUH and QDH, their properties and the predominant product were different in each. The o-quinone was the predominant oxidation product of QUH, whereas in QDH it was established an equilibrium between o-quinone and extended p-quinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Mendoza-Wilson
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
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50
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Chemical structures of 4-oxo-flavonoids in relation to inhibition of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:5471-89. [PMID: 22016603 PMCID: PMC3189727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12095471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be the initiation step of atherosclerosis (AS), and flavonoids may play an important role in AS prevention and therapy. Twenty-three flavonoids categorized into flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, and flavanones, all with 4-oxo-pyronenucleus, were examined for what structural characteristics are required for the inhibitory effects on endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Human vascular endothelial cells EA.hy926 were pretreated with different 4-oxo-flavonoids for 2 hs, and then exposed to oxLDL for another 24 hs. Cell viability and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) were measured, respectively. Then, correlation analysis and paired comparison were used to analyze the structure–activity relationships. Significant correlations were observed between the number of −OH moieties in total or in B-ring and the inhibitory effectson endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, 3′,4′-ortho-dihydroxyl on B-ring, 3-hydroxyl on C-ring and 2,3-double bondwere correlated closely to the inhibitory effects of flavonolson cell viability decrease and lipid peroxidation. 5,7-meta-dihydroxyl group on A-ring was crucial for the anti-inflammatory effects of flavones and isoflavones in endothelial cells. Moreover, the substituted position of B-ring on C3 rather than C2 was important for NO release. Additionally, hydroxylation at C6 position significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of 4-oxo-flavonoids on endothelial dysfunction. Our findings indicated that the effective agents in inhibiting endothelial dysfunction include myricetin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, genistein and daidzein. Our work might provide some evidence for AS prevention and a strategy for the design of novel AS preventive agents.
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