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Bolletta V, Menci R, Valenti B, Morbidini L, Servili M, Taticchi A, Lilli E, Pauselli M. Feeding pigs with hazelnut skin and addition of a concentrated phenolic extract from olive-milling wastewaters during pork processing: Effects on salami quality traits and acceptance by the consumers. Meat Sci 2024; 213:109479. [PMID: 38471360 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Two groups of ten barrows received a conventional- (CTRL) or an experimental- (HZL) finishing diet containing 11% of hazelnut skin. From each barrow, two types of salami (namely, NITR, and PHEN) were obtained. NITR salami was added with E250 and E252. The latter were replaced by a phenolic concentrated extract from olive-milling wastewaters in PHEN salami. Salami fatty acids (FA), antioxidant capacity, lipid and color stability during refrigerated storage were assessed. A consumer test was also performed. Feeding strategy minimally affected the investigated parameters. PHEN salami had lower TBARS than NITR salami (P-value <0.001) during refrigerated storage despite comparable antioxidant capacity and similar PUFA content. Moreover, within CTRL group, lipid oxidation was lower in PHEN than NITR salami (P-value = 0.040). At the blind taste, dietary treatment did not affect salami sensorial properties nor consumer acceptance, whereas NITR salami showed better color (P-value = 0.036). Interestingly, HZL and PHEN salami showed improved sensorial properties and consumer acceptance after that consumers received information on salami origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Bolletta
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ruggero Menci
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, FiBL, Pôle Bio - Ecosite du Val de Drôme - 150 Avenue de Judée, 26400 Eurre, France
| | - Bernardo Valenti
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Luciano Morbidini
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Servili
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Agnese Taticchi
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Lilli
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mariano Pauselli
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Enaime G, Dababat S, Wichern M, Lübken M. Olive mill wastes: from wastes to resources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20853-20880. [PMID: 38407704 PMCID: PMC10948480 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Olive oil extraction has recently experienced a continuous increase due to its related beneficial properties. Consequently, large amounts of olive mill wastes (OMWs) derived from the trituration process are annually produced, causing serious environmental problems. The limited financial capabilities of olive mills make them usually unable to bear the high costs required for the disposal of their wastes. Alternatively, the valorization of OMWs within the framework of the so-called waste-to-resource concept and their recycling can represent a successful strategy for the implementation of circular economy model in the olive industry, which could have significant socioeconomic impacts on low-income Mediterranean countries. There is, however, no unique solution for OMWs valorization, due to the wide variety of the wastes' composition and their seasonal production. In this review, the potential of OMWs for being reused and the recent technological advances in the field of OMWs valorization are assessed. Special focus is given to the analysis of the advantages and limitations of each technology and to reporting the most significant issues that still limiting its industrial scale-up. The information collected in this review shows that OMW could be effectively exploited in several sectors, including energy production and agriculture. OMWs potential seems, however, undervalued, and the implementation of sustainable valorization strategies in large-scale remains challenging. More efforts and policy actions, through collective actions, encouraging subsidies, and establishing public-private collaborations, are still needed to reconcile research progress with industrial practices and encourage the large-scale implementation of the waste-to-resource concept in the olive sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghizlane Enaime
- Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Salahaldeen Dababat
- Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marc Wichern
- Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Manfred Lübken
- Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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3
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Romeu MFC, Bernardo J, Daniel CI, Costa N, Crespo JG, Silva Pinto L, Nunes da Ponte M, Nunes AVM. Hydroxytyrosol recovery from olive pomace: a simple process using olive mill industrial equipment and membrane technology. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:161-168. [PMID: 38192711 PMCID: PMC10771484 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
In this work, pilot-scale nanofiltration was used to obtain aqueous solutions rich in hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol from olive oil by-products. A large-scale simple process involving olive mill standard machinery (blender and decanter) was used for the olive pomace pre-treatment with water. The aqueous extract was then directly fed to a nanofiltration unit and concentrated by reverse osmosis. Final concentration factors ranged between 7 and 9 for hydroxytyrosol and between 4 and 7 for tyrosol. The final aqueous solution, obtained as retentate stream of reverse osmosis, was highly concentrated in hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol and their concentrations remained stable over at least 14 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F. C. Romeu
- Zeyton Nutraceuticals, Parque Industrial do Penique, Estrada Nacional 2, Km 585, Odivelas, Ferreira do Alentejo, Portugal
| | - Jorge Bernardo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carla I. Daniel
- Zeyton Nutraceuticals, Parque Industrial do Penique, Estrada Nacional 2, Km 585, Odivelas, Ferreira do Alentejo, Portugal
| | - Nuno Costa
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João G. Crespo
- Zeyton Nutraceuticals, Parque Industrial do Penique, Estrada Nacional 2, Km 585, Odivelas, Ferreira do Alentejo, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luís Silva Pinto
- Azal Azeites do Alentejo, Estrada Nacional 254, 7170-107 Redondo, Portugal
| | - Manuel Nunes da Ponte
- Zeyton Nutraceuticals, Parque Industrial do Penique, Estrada Nacional 2, Km 585, Odivelas, Ferreira do Alentejo, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana V. M. Nunes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Cifuni GF, Claps S, Morone G, Sepe L, Caparra P, Benincasa C, Pellegrino M, Perri E. Valorization of Olive Mill Byproducts: Recovery of Biophenol Compounds and Application in Animal Feed. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3062. [PMID: 37687309 PMCID: PMC10490477 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to recover the phenols from olive oil mill wastewater, a major pollutant of the oil industry, by using spray-drying technology to produce a new feed with a nutraceutical value for animal feed supplementation and to evaluate its effect on the productivity and nutritional quality of ewe milk. Forty-five Sarda ewes in late lactation (150 ± 2 d) and with homogeneous live weight (52 ± 1.5 kg) were randomly allotted into three groups and fed with three dietary treatments containing increasing levels of polyphenols: 0% (C), 0.1% (T0.1), and 0.2% (T0.2) of dry matter. No effect of the dietary treatments was found on the milk yield and composition. Interestingly, milk urea content (p < 0.0001) and somatic cell counts (p < 0.001) decreased as the level of polyphenols inclusion in the diet increased. The inclusion of phenols (0.2% of dry matter) in the diet of sheep was effective in increasing the vaccenic (C18:1 trans-11) and rumenic acid (C18: cis-9 trans-11) levels, which are beneficial for human health. Finally, the recovery of polyphenols via spray-drying technology and their incorporation into a new fortified feed can be a valid strategy for naturally improving the nutritional value of milk while valorizing an oil industry byproduct, reducing environmental impact, and promoting waste reuse that is in line with circular economy principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Francesca Cifuni
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, 85031 Bella-Muro, Italy; (S.C.); (G.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Salvatore Claps
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, 85031 Bella-Muro, Italy; (S.C.); (G.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Morone
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, 85031 Bella-Muro, Italy; (S.C.); (G.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Lucia Sepe
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, 85031 Bella-Muro, Italy; (S.C.); (G.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Pasquale Caparra
- Division of Animal Production, Department of Agriculture, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Benincasa
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.B.); (M.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Massimiliano Pellegrino
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.B.); (M.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Enzo Perri
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.B.); (M.P.); (E.P.)
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Petrova NV, Chernonosov AA, Koval VV, Andreeva VY, Erst AS, Kuznetsov AA, Kulikovskiy MS, Wang W, Yu SX, Kostikova VA. LC-HRMS for the Identification of Quercetin and Its Derivatives in Spiraea hypericifolia (Rosaceae) and Anatomical Features of Its Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:381. [PMID: 36679093 PMCID: PMC9861494 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spiraea hypericifolia L. is affiliated with the section Chamaedryon Ser. of the genus Spiraea L. (Rosaceae). Similar to many other Spiraea species, S. hypericifolia most often accumulates flavonols among other flavonoids, in particular quercetin and its derivatives. An ethanol-water extract from the aerial part of S. hypericifolia collected in the vicinity of the Ilyichovo settlement (Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia) was analyzed by liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Primary and secondary metabolites were found in the extract; structural interpretation consistent with quercetin and its derivatives was proposed for 10 of them. Major compounds were various glycosides of quercetin containing glucose (four compounds), galactose (one compound), xylose (two compounds), arabinose (one compound), or rutinose (one compound) as a carbohydrate residue. Isorhamnetin and 3-O-methylquercetin-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were identified among methyl-containing compounds. The latter compound and reynoutrin, rhamnetin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, and quercetin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside have not been previously found in S. hypericifolia. Data on the presence of quercetin and its derivatives in the extract of S. hypericifolia expand the understanding of the possible practical use of this plant. In addition, the microscopic features of S. hypericifolia leaves were studied. The diagnostic features of the leaf blade necessary for the authentication of raw materials were revealed: straight-walled epidermis cells, stomata located on both sides of the leaf blade (amphistomatic type), two types of trichomes, and wrinkled cuticula with nodi. The main anatomical diagnostic features of the leaves of S. hypericifolia were determined, which makes it possible to assess the authenticity of the raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Petrova
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIN RAS), 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Chernonosov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICBFM SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Koval
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICBFM SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Andrey S. Erst
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (CSBG SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Maxim S. Kulikovskiy
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPP RAS), 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Vera A. Kostikova
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (CSBG SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Oral Bioavailability and Metabolism of Hydroxytyrosol from Food Supplements. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020325. [PMID: 36678196 PMCID: PMC9866489 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Table olives and olive oils are the main dietary sources of hydroxytyrosol (HT), a natural antioxidant compound that has emerged as a potential aid in protection against cardiovascular risk. Bioavailability studies with olive oils showed that HT is bioavailable from its free form and from conjugated forms such as oleuropein and its aglycone. Still, its low dietary intake, poor bioavailability, and high inter-individual variability after absorption through the gastrointestinal tract hamper its full benefits. In a randomized, controlled, blinded, cross-over study, we investigated the impact of HT metabolism and bioavailability by comparing two olive-derived watery supplements containing different doses of HT (30.58 and 61.48 mg of HT/dosage). Additionally, HT-fortified olive oil was used in the control group. To this aim, plasma and urine samples were evaluated in 12 healthy volunteers following the intake of a single dose of the supplements or fortified olive oil. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 12 h after intake. HT and its metabolites were analyzed using UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic results showed that dietary HT administered through the food supplements is bioavailable and bioavailability increases with the administered dose. After intake, homovanillic acid, HT-3-O-sulphate, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid are the main metabolites found both in plasma and urine. The maximum concentrations in plasma peaked 30 min after intake. As bioavailability of a compound is a fundamental prerequisite for its effect, these results promise a good potential of both food supplements for protection against oxidative stress and the consequent cardiovascular risk.
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Effect of H 2O 2 @CuONPs in the UV Light-Induced Removal of Organic Pollutant Congo Red Dye: Investigation into Mechanism with Additional Biomedical Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010410. [PMID: 36615605 PMCID: PMC9823539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hazardous dyes in industrial wastewater are an internationally recognized issue for community health. Nanoparticles synthesized through green protocols are a fascinating research field with numerous applications. The current study mainly aimed to investigate the degradation of Congo red (CR) dye under UV light in the presence of H2O2 and the photocatalytic activity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs). For CuONP formation, Citrus maxima extract contains a high number of phytochemical constituents. The size of CuONPs ranges between 25 and 90 nm. The photocatalytic activity of CuONPs with the addition of H2O2 was observed and analyzed under UV light to eliminate CR dye. The UV light caused the decomposition of H2O2, which produced ·OH radicals. The results revealed a significant increment in dye degradation during the presence of H2O2. The effect of concentration on the degradation of the CR dye was also studied. The degradation pathway of organic pollutants was reputable from the hydroxy radical medicated degradation of CR. Advanced Oxidation Treatment depends on the in situ production of reactive ·OH species and is presented as the most effective procedure for decontamination. The biological activity of CuONPs was evaluated against Escherichia coli Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexenari, Acinetobacter Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi and Micrococcus luteus. The newly synthesised nanomaterials showed strong inhibition activity against Escherichia coli (45%), Bacillus subtilis (42%) and Acinetobacter species (25%). The activity of CuONPs was also investigated against different fungus species such as: Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Candida glabrata, T. longifusus, M. Canis, C. glabrata and showed a good inhibition zone against Candida glabrata 75%, Aspergillus flavus 68%, T. longifusus 60%. The materials showed good activity against C. glaberata, A. flavus and T. longifusus. Furthermore, CuONPs were tested for antioxidant properties using 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (DPPH).
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UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS phenolic compounds identification and quantification from ethanolic extract of: In vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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9
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Gottardo M, Bolzonella D, Adele Tuci G, Valentino F, Majone M, Pavan P, Battista F. Producing volatile fatty acids and polyhydroxyalkanoates from foods by-products and waste: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127716. [PMID: 35926558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dairy products, extra virgin olive oil, red and white wines are excellent food products, appreciated all around the world. Their productions generate large amounts of by-products which urge for recycling and valorization. Moreover, another abundant waste stream produced in urban context is the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes (OFMSW), whose global annual capita production is estimated at 85 kg. The recent environmental policies encourage their exploitation in a biorefinery loop to produce Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Typically, VFAs yields are high from cheese whey and OFMSW (0.55-0.90 gCOD_VFAs/gCOD), lower for Olive Mill and Winery Wastewaters. The VFAs conversion into PHAs can achieve values in the range 0.4-0.5 gPHA/gVSS for cheese whey and OFMSW, 0.6-0.7 gPHA/gVSS for winery wastewater, and 0.2-0.3 gPHA/gVSS for olive mill wastewaters. These conversion yields allowed to estimate a huge potential annual PHAs production of about 260 M tons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gottardo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Cà Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre-Venice, Italy
| | - David Bolzonella
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Via Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Adele Tuci
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Cà Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre-Venice, Italy
| | - Francesco Valentino
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Cà Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre-Venice, Italy
| | - Mauro Majone
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pavan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Cà Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre-Venice, Italy
| | - Federico Battista
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Via Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Cifuentes-Cabezas M, Vincent-Vela MC, Mendoza-Roca JA, Álvarez-Blanco S. Use of ultrafiltration ceramic membranes as a first step treatment for olive oil washing wastewater. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Paulo F, Tavares L, Santos L. In vitro digestion, bioaccessibility, and release kinetics studies of encapsulated bioactive compounds obtained from olive mill pomace. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Harzalli Z, Willenberg I, Medfai W, Matthäus B, Mhamdi R, Oueslati I. Potential use of the bioactive compounds of the olive mill wastewater: Monitoring the aldehydes, phenolic compounds and polymerized triacylglycerols in sunflower and olive oil during frying. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zina Harzalli
- Centre of Biotechnology of Borj‐Cedria, LR15CBBC05, Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology Hammam‐Lif Tunisia
- Max Rubner‐Institut (MRI), Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals Working Group for Lipid Research Detmold Germany
| | - Ina Willenberg
- Max Rubner‐Institut (MRI), Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals Working Group for Lipid Research Detmold Germany
| | - Wafa Medfai
- Centre of Biotechnology of Borj‐Cedria, LR15CBBC05, Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology Hammam‐Lif Tunisia
| | - Bertrand Matthäus
- Max Rubner‐Institut (MRI), Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals Working Group for Lipid Research Detmold Germany
| | - Ridha Mhamdi
- Centre of Biotechnology of Borj‐Cedria, LR15CBBC05, Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology Hammam‐Lif Tunisia
| | - Imen Oueslati
- Centre of Biotechnology of Borj‐Cedria, LR15CBBC05, Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology Hammam‐Lif Tunisia
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Olive Pomace Phenolic Compounds: From an Agro-Industrial By-Product to a Promising Ocular Surface Protection for Dry Eye Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164703. [PMID: 36012942 PMCID: PMC9409789 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye (DED) is a prevalent disease with immune-mediated inflammation as the principal pathophysiological etiology. Olive pomace, the major by-product of the olive oil industry, is rich in high-value polyphenols. Their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities were determined on human CD4+ T cells (hTCD4+) and in a DED animal model. The viability of hTCD4+ cells isolated from peripheral blood and activated with phytohemagglutinin-M was evaluated after treatment for 48 h with an olive pomace extract (OPT3, 0.10–0.40 mg/mL) and its major compound, hydroxytyrosol (25–100 μM). Regarding the DED animal model, 100 μM hydroxytyrosol, 0.20 mg/mL OPT3, or vehicle (borate buffer) were topically administered to 14 days-desiccating stress-exposed (constant airflow/scopolamine administration) C57BL/6 mice. Tear volume, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), CD4+, and CD8+ T cell count in lymph nodes (flow cytometry), and IP-10 and TNF-α gene expression (qRT-PCR) in the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal glands were evaluated. OPT3 (0.2–0.4 mg/mL) and hydroxytyrosol (100 μM) significantly reduced hTCD4+ proliferation. In mice, both treatments reduced lacrimal gland IP-10 gene expression. OPT3 also decreased CFS, and conjunctival IP-10 and corneal TNF-α gene expression. In lymph nodes, hydroxytyrosol reduced CD3+, OPT3, and CD8+ count. Thus, a high-value application as a promising DED protection was proposed for olive pomace.
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14
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Shabir S, Ilyas N, Mashwani ZUR, Ahmad MS, Al-Ansari MM, Al-Humaid L, Reddy MS. Designing of pretreatment filter technique for reduction of phenolic constituents from olive-mill wastewater and testing its impact on wheat germination. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134438. [PMID: 35358557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil extraction produces a great volume of olive mill wastewater (OMW), which is considered a serious ecological challenge. In this study, we have designed and tested a trickling filter consisting of seven different layers of natural material, including (coarse gravel, fine gravel, lime (Ca (OH)2), sand (SiO2), carbon char, sponge/mesh), to treat OMW. The filter process involved physical separation, filtration, coagulation and adsorption with the removal of COD (69.8%), BOD (40.2%), Phenolic contents (90%), pH (41%), EC (41.6%) and total suspended solids (TSS) (69%). Our results have shown that treated OMW has a high potential oxidant activity. T7, Untreated OMW at 1:6 dilutions, had the strongest correlation (i.e. 0.97), while untreated OMW had the lowest IC50 (7.62 g ml-1), which shown the best DPPH radical scavenging capabilities. While pure Untreated OMW has the maximum radical scavenging activity, 63%, treated (1:6) diluted OMW exhibits the lowest value i. e 9% when phosphomolybdate assay was done. HPLC analysis showed that the trickling filter removed the vanillic acid, caffeic acid and reduced the contents of phenolic components such as gallic acid, hydroxytyrosol, vanillin, quercetin and catechol. Filtered OMW was also tested for its germination efficacy at various dilutions (1:0, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6). A remarkable improvement in germination percentage, germination index, seedling length, seedling vigor index, promptness index, stress tolerance index (76.7%, 68.4%, 51.7%, 82.1%, 54.8%, and 66.7%, respectively) has shown the efficiency of treated OMW at 1:6 dilutions. The results from this study show the efficiency of our filter design which can be further used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Shabir
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Zia-Ur-Rehman Mashwani
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sheeraz Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mysoon M Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Latifah Al-Humaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Reddy
- Asian PGPR Society for Sustainable Agriculture & Auburn Ventures, Department of Plant Pathology and Entomology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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15
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Dietary olive leaves improve the quality and the consumer preferences of a model sheep cheese. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Zar Kalai F, Dakhlaoui S, Hammami M, Mkadmini K, Ksouri R, Isoda H. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of different organs from aerial part of Nitraria retusa (Forssk.) Asch.: effects of solvents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2087673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feten Zar Kalai
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology, Technopark of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sarra Dakhlaoui
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology, Technopark of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Majdi Hammami
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology, Technopark of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Khaoula Mkadmini
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology, Technopark of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology, Technopark of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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17
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Garcia-Alonso A, Sánchez-Paniagua López M, Manzanares-Palenzuela CL, Redondo-Cuenca A, López-Ruíz B. Edible plant by-products as source of polyphenols: prebiotic effect and analytical methods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10814-10835. [PMID: 35658778 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2084028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols with high chemical diversity are present in vegetables both in the edible parts and by-products. A large proportion of them remains unabsorbed along the gastrointestinal tract, being accumulated in the colon, where they are metabolized by the intestinal microbiota. These polyphenols have been found to have "prebiotic-like" effects. The edible plant industry generates tons of residues called by-products, which consist of unutilized plant tissues (peels, husks, calyxes and seeds). Their disposal requires special and costly treatments to avoid environmental complications. Reintroducing these by-products into the value chain using technological and biotechnological practices is highly appealing since many of them contain nutrients and bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, with many health-promoting properties. Edible plant by-products as a source of polyphenols highlights the need for analytical methods. Analytical methods are becoming increasingly selective, sensitive and precise, but the great breakthrough lies in the pretreatment of the sample and in particular in the extraction methods. This review shows the importance of edible plant by-products as a source of polyphenols, due to their prebiotic effect, and to compile the most appropriate analytical methods for the determination of the total content of phenolic compounds as well as the detection and quantification of individual polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Garcia-Alonso
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez-Paniagua López
- Unidad de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Araceli Redondo-Cuenca
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatríz López-Ruíz
- Unidad de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Sustainable vs. Conventional Approach for Olive Oil Wastewater Management: A Review of the State of the Art. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this review is to collect and analyze the recently published research concerning the conventional and sustainable treatment processes for olive mill wastewater (OMW). In the conventional treatment processes, it is noticed that the main objective is to meet the environmental regulations for remediated wastewater without considering the economical values of its valuable constituents such as polyphenols. These substances have many important environmental values and could be used in many vital applications. Conversely, sustainable treatment processes aim to recover the valuable constituents through different processes and then treat the residual wastewater. Both approaches’ operational and design parameters were analyzed to generalize their advantages and possible applications. A valorization-treatment approach for OMW is expected to make it a sustainable resource for ingredients of high economical value that could lead to a profitable business. In addition, inclusion of a recovery process will detoxify the residual OMW, simplify its management treatment, and allow the possible reuse of the vast amounts of processed water. In a nutshell, the proposed approach led to zero waste with a closed water cycle development.
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19
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Abstract
The table olive industry generates high amounts of wastewater annually during the alkaline treatment, fermentation, and washing steps of olives. High conductivity and salt content, as well as the high organic and biophenol contents of these waters, is a worldwide problem, especially in the Mediterranean region, which is the major table olive producing area. There is a wide variety of bioactives found in wastewater derived from table olive processing. The main compounds of table olive wastewater, such as those derived from phenolic, hydrocarbon, and sugar fractions, can be recovered and reused. In this review, the table olive manufacturing processes and the volumes and composition of wastewater generated from the different methods of table olive processing are discussed. In addition, biophenols of table olive water and their biological activities are also introduced. The high concentrations of valuable biophenols, such as tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, show promising potential for valorizing table olive wastewater; however, more research is needed in this area.
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20
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Zahi MR, Zam W, El Hattab M. State of knowledge on chemical, biological and nutritional properties of olive mill wastewater. Food Chem 2022; 381:132238. [PMID: 35114626 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean olive oil industries are producing annually a massive quantity of olive mill wastewater (OMWW). Unfortunately, the OMWW is released arbitrarily in the nature without any pretreatment. Thus, it exhibits a high toxicity against the whole natural ecosystem including, microorganisms, plants and animals. In order to eliminate or reduce its pollution, OMWW must be properly treated prior to its release in the nature. In this regard, different treatment methods have been developed by researchers, but some of them were costly and others were inappropriate. Thus, more efforts should be made to save the nature from this pollutant. In the light of that, the current work summaries the state of knowledge regarding the OMWW from a chemical, biological, nutraceutical point of view, and the treatment methods that were used to eliminate its risk of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Reda Zahi
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry and Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences, Saad Dahlab University of Blida, 1- POB 270, Soumaa Road, Blida, Algeria.
| | - Wissam Zam
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tartous University, Syria
| | - Mohamed El Hattab
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry and Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences, Saad Dahlab University of Blida, 1- POB 270, Soumaa Road, Blida, Algeria
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21
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Benincasa C, Pellegrino M, Romano E, Claps S, Fallara C, Perri E. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Spray-Dried Olive Mill Wastewater. Front Nutr 2022; 8:782693. [PMID: 35071293 PMCID: PMC8766512 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.782693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The processing of olives for oil production generates the most abundant agro-industrial by-products in the Mediterranean area. The three-phase olive oil extraction process requires the addition of a large amount of water to the system, which is difficult to dispose of for its load of toxic pollutants. On the other hand, olive mill wastewater is a rich source of bioactive substances with various biological properties that can be used as ingredients in the food industry for obtaining functional and nutraceutical foods as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, we present the results relative to the phenolic compounds detected in dried olive mill wastewaters obtained using a spray dryer. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were obtained by high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). In particular, the compounds here discussed are: apigenin (9.55 mg/kg dry weight), caffeic acid (2.89 mg/kg dry weight), catecol (6.12 mg/kg dry weight), p-cumaric acid (5.01 mg/kg dry weight), diosmetin (3.58 mg/kg dry weight), hydroxytyrosol (1.481 mg/kg dry weight), hydroxytyrosyl oleate (564 mg/kg dry weight), luteolin (62.38 mg/kg dry weight), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (88.55 mg/kg dry weight), luteolin-4-O-glucoside (11.48 mg/kg dry weight), oleuropein (103 mg/kg dry weight), rutin (48.52 mg/kg dry weight), tyrosol (2043 mg/kg dry weight), vanillin (27.70 mg/kg dry weight), and verbascoside (700 mg/kg dry weight). The results obtained highlighted that the use of dehumidified air as a drying medium, with the addition of maltodextrin, appears to be an effective way to produce a phenol-rich powder to be included in food formulations as well as in pharmaceutical preparations having different biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Benincasa
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Elvira Romano
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Rende, Italy
| | - Salvatore Claps
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Bella Muro, Italy
| | | | - Enzo Perri
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Rende, Italy
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22
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Anwar N, Khan A, Shah M, Walsh JJ, Saleem S, Anwar Z, Aslam S, Irshad M. Hybridization of green synthesized silver nanoparticles with poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate and their biomedical applications. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12540. [PMID: 35111388 PMCID: PMC8772450 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present research, a rapid, simple and efficient green method is used for the incorporation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) to create biocatalysts with excellent properties for pharmaceutical purpose. In the first phase, Caralluma tuberculata capped AgNPs (Ca-AgNPs) were prepared using green synthetic approach and in the second phase Caralluma tuberculata capped AgNPs were hybridized with poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate to form PEGMA-AgNPs. Both the virgin (naked or uncapped) and polymer-capped materials were characterized spectroscopically and their results were compared. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed no new peak after the capping procedure, showing that only physical interactions takes place during capping. After PEGMA capping, the spectra of the AgNPs red shifted (from 450 nm to 520 nm) and the overall particle size of AgNPs increased. Catalytic activity of the nanoparticles and hybrid system were tested by choosing the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) as a model reaction. Both synthesized NPs and polymer capped NPs exhibits catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-NP to 4-aminophenol. The polymer hybrid exhibits remarkable antiproliferative, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antidiabetic and antileishmanial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Anwar
- Chemistry Department, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Khan
- Chemistry Department, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mohib Shah
- Botany Department, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - John J. Walsh
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Samreen Saleem
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences & Technology, Women University Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Anwar
- Pharmacy Department, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Aslam
- Chemistry Department, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Botany Department, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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23
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Anwar N, Khan A, Shah M, Walsh JJ, Anwar Z. Hybridization of Gold Nanoparticles with Poly(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate and Their Biomedical Applications. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421130033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Phenolic content, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of fractions of Vigna subterraenea (L.) verdc from Mpumalanga, South Africa. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08397. [PMID: 34901488 PMCID: PMC8637485 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent intake of legumes has been correlated with decreased possibility of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) due to the content of some phytochemicals like polyphenols. Bambara groundnut (BGN) is an underutilized crop with a rich nutritional profile, but have not been exploited for its nutraceutical and medicinal benefits. In this study, total polyphenol, flavonoid (flavonol and flavanol) content, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity/antiproliferative properties of 70% ethanolic extracts of whole BGN, cotyledon and seed coat on Caco-2 and HT-29 colon cancer cells were evaluated. Seed coat had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher composition of total polyphenol, flavonol and flavan-3-ol (flavanol) compared to whole seed and cotyledon. Antioxidant activity determined with ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2- azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays, showed that seed coat with higher polyphenolic content had significantly (p < 0.05) greater antioxidant activity. BGN fractions demonstrated cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects against HT-29 and Caco-2 colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, with seed coat and whole seed exhibiting greater cytotoxicity and higher antiproliferative activity and colon cancer cell inhibition. Extracts of the cotyledon also showed cytotoxic activity and hindered cancer cell growth/division but to a significantly (p < 0.05) lower magnitude. BGN parts indicated a greater cytotoxic effect and potential to slow down Caco-2 colon cancer cell growth and division over HT-29. This result provides new knowledge on the possible health benefits of BGN, as well as the potential for product development and may influence its consumption and utilisation.
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25
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Arshad M, Ahmed K, Bashir M, Kosar N, Kanwal M, Ahmed M, Khan HU, Khan S, Rauf A, Waseem A, Mahmood T. Synthesis, structural properties and potent bioactivities supported by molecular docking and DFT studies of new hydrazones derived from 5-chloroisatin and 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Peeters K, Miklavčič Višnjevec A, Esakkimuthu ES, Schwarzkopf M, Tavzes Č. The Valorisation of Olive Mill Wastewater from Slovenian Istria by Fe 3O 4 Particles to Recover Polyphenolic Compounds for the Chemical Specialties Sector. Molecules 2021; 26:6946. [PMID: 34834035 PMCID: PMC8622678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil production using three-phase decanter systems creates olive oil and two by-products: olive mill wastewater (OMWW) and pomace. These by-products contain the highest share of polyphenolic compounds that are known to be associated with beneficial effects on human health. Therefore, they are an attractive source of phenolic compounds for further industrial use in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. The use of these phenolics is limited due to difficulties in recovery, high reactivity, complexity of the OMWW matrix and different physiochemical properties of phenolic compounds. This research, focused on OMWW, was performed in two phases. First, different polyphenol extraction methods were compared to obtain the method that yields the highest polyphenol concentration. Twenty-five phenolic compounds and their isomers were determined. Acidifying OMWW, followed by five minutes of ultrasonication, resulted in the highest measured polyphenol content of 27 mg/L. Second, the collection of polyphenolic compounds from OMWW via adsorption on unmodified iron (II, III) oxide particles was investigated. Although low yields were obtained for removed polyphenolic compounds in one removal cycle, the process has a high capability to be repeated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Peeters
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (E.S.E.); (M.S.); (Č.T.)
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Muzejski trg 2, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Primorska, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia;
| | | | - Matthew Schwarzkopf
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (E.S.E.); (M.S.); (Č.T.)
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Muzejski trg 2, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Črtomir Tavzes
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (E.S.E.); (M.S.); (Č.T.)
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Muzejski trg 2, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
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27
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Consumer Perception of the Circular Economy Concept Applied to the Food Domain: An Exploratory Approach. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132011340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Every year, agri-food industries in industrialised countries produce approximately 1.3 billion tonnes of food loss and waste. The adoption of a circular economy policy has received special attention by the agri-food industries, allowing for the creation and development of new food products made of by-products that would otherwise be wasted or used for secondary applications. The present work, of an exploratory nature, aims to assess how consumers conceptualise the circular economy in order to identify consumer recognition of the use of by-products from the food industry to upcycle food products and to evaluate attitudes towards the circular economy. To this end, a mixed-methodology was applied to 340 participants. The first part was qualitative and used free word association to evaluate consumers’ conceptualisation of the circular economy and use of by-products as foods. Data were analysed by grouping the responses into exclusive and exhaustive categories and a correspondence analysis was also performed to originate perceptual maps. Additionally, a questionnaire was designed to evaluate major concepts and attitudes correlated with the circular economy. Data were reduced by principal component analysis (PCA) and participants grouped through clustering. Results showed that consumers understand circular economy as related mainly into Sustainability, Economy, and Circularity dimensions. Participants had great difficulty identifying the by-products used as foods or as food ingredients. From the quantitative data, four groups were identified based on the associations to the six principal components originated by the PCA. However, the results highlighted a very low association with all clusters of the Food Valorisation dimension within the concept of the circular economy, and also a lack of a clear understanding of consumers’ attitudes towards food products from the circular economy. Greater promotion and dissemination by the competent entities aimed at the general public may contribute towards greater integration, participation and acceptance of the circular economy concept for the upscaling of food by-products.
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28
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Olive Pomace Phenolic Compounds Stability and Safety Evaluation: From Raw Material to Future Ophthalmic Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196002. [PMID: 34641545 PMCID: PMC8512844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, increasing interest in olive pomace (OP) valorization aims to improve olive's industry sustainability. Interestingly, several studies propose a high-value application for OP extracts containing its main phenolic compounds, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, as therapy for ocular surface diseases. In this work, the stability and accessibility of OP total phenolic and flavonoid content, main representative compounds, and antioxidant activity were assessed under different pretreatment conditions. Among them, lyophilization and supercritical CO2 extraction were found to increase significantly most responses measured in the produced extracts. Two selected extracts (CONV and OPT3) were obtained by different techniques (conventional and pressurized liquid extraction); Their aqueous solutions were characterized by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Additionally, their safety and stability were evaluated according to EMA requirements towards their approval as ophthalmic products: their genotoxic effect on ocular surface cells and their 6-months storage stability at 4 different temperature/moisture conditions (CPMP/ICH/2736/99), together with pure hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein solutions. The concentration of hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein in pure or extract solutions was tracked, and possible degradation products were putatively identified by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein had different stability as standard or extract solutions, with oleuropein also showing different degradation profile. All compounds/extracts were safe for ophthalmic use at the concentrations tested.
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29
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Gonçalves S, Gaivão I. Natural Ingredients Common in the Trás-os-Montes Region (Portugal) for Use in the Cosmetic Industry: A Review about Chemical Composition and Antigenotoxic Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:5255. [PMID: 34500687 PMCID: PMC8433906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural cosmetics market has grown since consumers became aware of the concept of natural-based ingredients. A significant number of cosmetics have an ecological impact on the environment and carry noxious and chemically potent substances. Thus, the use of natural and organic cosmetics becomes increasingly important since it is clear that topical treatment with cosmeceuticals can help improve skin rejuvenation. A substantial investigation into the benefits that fruits and plants can bring to health is required. Studies have shown that antigenotoxic properties are linked to anti-aging properties. Several studies have shown potential antigenotoxicity in natural ingredients such as Almonds (Prunus dulcis), Elderberry (Sambucus nigra), Olives (Olea europaea), and Grapes (Vitis vinifera). This review presents an overview of research conducted on these natural ingredients, the most common in the Northeast of Portugal. This region of Portugal possesses the most organic farmers, and ingredients are easily obtained. The Northeast of Portugal also has climatic, topographic, and pedological differences that contribute to agricultural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology and CECAV, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
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Ianni F, Gagliardi A, Taticchi A, Servili M, Pinna N, Schoubben A, Sardella R, Bruscoli S. Exploiting Food-Grade Mesoporous Silica to Preserve the Antioxidant Properties of Fresh Olive Mill Wastewaters Phenolic Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091361. [PMID: 34572992 PMCID: PMC8466964 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh olive mill wastewaters phenolic extracts are of great interest as preservatives or fortifying ingredients but are characterized by limited stability. The purpose of this study was to use mesoporous silica to enhance their stability and preserve their antioxidant properties. The phenolic extracts were characterized for their composition by HPLC-DAD and included in a mesoporous matrix with or without a lipid coating. The inclusion complexes were characterized in terms of total phenolic content, radical scavenging capacity and in vitro antioxidative activity and cell compatibility. Besides, inclusion complex stability under different storage conditions (22 and 37 °C, 75% relative humidity, 1 month) was evaluated. The inclusion process was nearly quantitative and modified neither the total phenolic content nor the total antioxidant capacity. None of the inclusion complex concentrations assayed on the HT29 cell line showed toxicity. Moreover, HT29 cells treated with the inclusion complex exhibited a significant antioxidant effect, while the lipid coating impaired the antioxidant activity. The complexes without lipid were stable under all the investigated conditions, while the lipid-coated products were less stable under the more drastic conditions. Overall, inclusion complexes in mesoporous silica have suitable characteristics to be used for different applications, including food supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.I.); (N.P.)
| | - Andrea Gagliardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Via Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (A.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Agnese Taticchi
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Maurizio Servili
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Nicola Pinna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.I.); (N.P.)
| | - Aurélie Schoubben
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.I.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (R.S.); Tel.: +39-075-585-2057 (A.S.); +39-075-585-7423 (R.S.)
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.I.); (N.P.)
- Center for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (R.S.); Tel.: +39-075-585-2057 (A.S.); +39-075-585-7423 (R.S.)
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Via Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (A.G.); (S.B.)
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Olive Mill Wastewater as Renewable Raw Materials to Generate High Added-Value Ingredients for Agro-Food Industries. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Olive oil production represents an agro-industrial activity of vital economic importance for many Mediterranean countries. However, it is associated with the generation of a huge amount of by-products, both in solid and liquid forms, mainly constituted by olive mill wastewater, olive pomace, wood, leaves, and stones. Although for many years olive by-products have only been considered as a relevant environmental issue, in the last decades, numerous studies have deeply described their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anticancer, anti-hyperglycemic activities. Therefore, the increasing interest in natural bioactive compounds represents a new challenge for olive mills. Studies have focused on optimizing methods to extract phenols from olive oil by-products for pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications and attempts have been made to describe microorganisms and metabolic activity involved in the treatment of such complex and variable by-products. However, few studies have investigated olive oil by-products in order to produce added-value ingredients and/or preservatives for food industries. This review provides an overview of the prospective of liquid olive oil by-products as a source of high nutritional value compounds to produce new functional additives or ingredients and to explore potential and future research opportunities.
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Camacho MAN, López AIG, Martinez-Ferez A, Ochando-Pulido JM. Two-phase olive-oil washing wastewater treatment plus phenolic fraction recovery by novel ion exchange resins process modelling and optimization. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mencin M, Mikulic-Petkovsek M, Veberič R, Terpinc P. Development and Optimisation of Solid-Phase Extraction of Extractable and Bound Phenolic Acids in Spelt ( Triticum spelta L.) Seeds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071085. [PMID: 34356318 PMCID: PMC8301066 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique was developed and optimised for isolation and concentration of extractable and bound phenolic acids from germinated spelt seeds, for analysis by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Samples initially underwent solvent extraction under different conditions to maximise the yield of phenolic antioxidants. Optimal extraction conditions for extractable phenolics were absolute methanol as solvent, sample-to-methanol ratio 1:9, and reconstitution in non-acidified water. The bound phenolics were extracted from sample pellets using hydrolysis with 2 M NaOH, acidification of the hydrolysate with formic acid, and simultaneous isolation and purification using Strata X polymeric RP tubes. Compared to liquid-liquid extraction, this direct SPE protocol has significant advantages in terms of higher extraction efficiencies of total and individual phenolics and their antioxidant activities. These data suggest that direct SPE represents a rapid and reliable method for quantitative analysis of both the extractable and the commonly overlooked bound phenolics in Triticum spelta seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjeta Mencin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.M.-P.); (R.V.)
| | - Robert Veberič
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.M.-P.); (R.V.)
| | - Petra Terpinc
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence:
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34
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An Early Calcium Loading during Cherry Tree Dormancy Improves Fruit Quality Features at Harvest. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7060135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The possible role of an early calcium application via sprays (0.25, 0.5 and 1M CaCl2) on dormant buds to improve sweet cherry (cv. Ferrovia) fruit quality at harvest was investigated. Fruit quality characteristics were also investigated in response to the age of spurs, the ripening stage, and their interactions. Results indicate that calcium enters the dormant flower buds and the phloem but not to the dormant vegetative buds. At harvest, the levels of Zn, Mn, and Cu were declined in fruits by increasing CaCl2 doses of sprays. Fruit respiratory activity was higher and on–tree fruit cracking was lower in red-colour (unripe) cherries as well as in fruit that was produced by 2-year-old short spurs or by Ca-treated buds. Differences in the sweet cherry skin metabolic profiles were identified. Fruit produced from Ca-exposed spurs exhibited lower levels of ribose and other cell-wall-related sugars and higher sucrose, maltose, and quininic acid levels. Nutrient shift was increased in red cherries, while anthocyanins were boosted in the black ones. PCA analysis was performed between the high dose of calcium spray and a control for mineral element content and cherry quality traits. This study illustrates that the high dose of calcium application during bud dormancy can effectively improve sweet cherry fruit characteristics, in terms of calcium content, cracking incidence, and fruit set. Overall, the present study contributes to a better understanding of the impact of calcium nutrition in fruit crops, which will provide references for alternative nutrient management and quality control in sweet cherry production.
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Cellular Antioxidant Effects and Bioavailability of Food Supplements Rich in Hydroxytyrosol. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11114763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the effect of olive (Olea europaea L.) vegetation water on human cells regarding its antioxidant properties and radical scavenger bioactivities. To this aim, two food supplements containing concentrated olive water in combination with 6% lemon juice or 70% grape juice, respectively, were assessed in different oxidation assays. From the investigated polyphenols, hydroxytyrosol, present in olives and in a lesser extent in grapes, was found to be the most abundant in both formulations, followed by tyrosol and oleuropein for the olive-derived concentrate with lemon juice, and by proanthocyanidins and tyrosol for the olive concentrate with grape juice. Cellular studies suggest that both formulations are effective antioxidants. In particular, the combination of olive and grape extracts showed a remarkable superoxides-, hydroxyl radicals-, and hydrogen peroxides-scavenging activity, while the formulation containing 94% olive concentrate wasmore potent in protecting the cells against lipoxidation. Both products showed a significant and similar effect in preventing advanced glycation end products’ (AGEs) formation. In addition, preliminary data indicate that hydroxytyrosol is absorbed into the human body when administered via these hydrophilic matrices, as confirmed by the urinary excretion of free hydroxytyrosol. Since the availability of phytochemicals largely depends on the vehicle in which they are solved, these findings are of relevance and contribute to supporting the healthful effects here assessed in a cellular environment.
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Bellumori M, De Marchi L, Mainente F, Zanoni F, Cecchi L, Innocenti M, Mulinacci N, Zoccatelli G. A by‐product from virgin olive oil production (pâté) encapsulated by fluid bed coating: evaluation of the phenolic profile after shelf‐life test and
in
vitro
gastrointestinal digestion. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bellumori
- Department of NEUROFARBA Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences University of Florence via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto F.no Florence Italy
| | - Laura De Marchi
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 Verona37134Italy
| | - Federica Mainente
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 Verona37134Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- Department of NEUROFARBA Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences University of Florence via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto F.no Florence Italy
| | - Marzia Innocenti
- Department of NEUROFARBA Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences University of Florence via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto F.no Florence Italy
| | - Nadia Mulinacci
- Department of NEUROFARBA Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences University of Florence via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto F.no Florence Italy
| | - Gianni Zoccatelli
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 Verona37134Italy
- Sphera Encapsulation Srl Verona37134Italy
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Pirman T, Rezar V, Vrecl M, Salobir J, Levart A. Effect of Olive Leaves or Marigold Petal Extract on Oxidative Stress, Gut Fermentative Activity, and Mucosa Morphology in Broiler Chickens Fed a Diet Rich in n-3 Polyunsaturated Fats. J Poult Sci 2021; 58:119-130. [PMID: 33927566 PMCID: PMC8076619 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment in broilers was conducted to investigate the effect of olive (Olea europea) leaves and marigold (Calendula officinalis) petal extract supplementation on oxidative stress, characteristics of intestinal contents, and on the morphology of the small intestine. Oxidative stress was induced by a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids rich diet. 1-day-old male broiler chickens, Ross 308, were housed in a deep litter system. After the first 21 days, animals were randomly divided into three groups of 16 animals in two replicates and fed, until slaughter on day 39, a diet that contained 7% linseed oil. Control diet (Cont) remained unsupplemented, while both experimental diets were supplemented with olive leaves (OliveEx) or marigold petal (MarigEx) extracts. Oxidative stress was evaluated in blood and liver by measuring markers of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA), isoprostanes), rate of DNA damage in lymphocytes and in blood (comet assay, 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), and activity of antioxidant and liver enzymes in blood. In different parts of the intestine, levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and viscosity of intestinal contents were measured, and the health of the gastrointestinal tract was assessed using histological measurements. OliveEx significantly (p<0.05) decreased the MDA and 8-OHdG concentration in plasma, and the level of ethanoic acid in small intestinal contents and total SCFA in caecum, indicating improved oxidative status and increased microbial activity in the intestine. MarigEx significantly (p<0.05) decreased the rate of lymphocyte DNA damage and the crypt depth in duodenum, indicating potentially beneficial effects on the immune system and the health of the small intestine. In conclusion, dietary OliveEx and MarigEx supplementation improved some markers of oxidative stress and intestinal health. However, positive effects could be more pronounced in more unfavorable environmental conditions or in cases of diseases, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Pirman
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Vida Rezar
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Salobir
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Levart
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
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Posadino AM, Cossu A, Giordo R, Piscopo A, Abdel-Rahman WM, Piga A, Pintus G. Antioxidant Properties of Olive Mill Wastewater Polyphenolic Extracts on Human Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040800. [PMID: 33917908 PMCID: PMC8068214 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to analyze the chemical and biological evaluation of two extracts obtained by olive mill wastewater (OMW), an olive oil processing byproduct. The exploitation of OMW is becoming an important aspect of development of the sustainable olive oil industry. Here we chemically and biologically evaluated one liquid (L) and one solid (S) extract obtained by liquid–liquid extraction followed by acidic hydrolysis (LLAC). Chemical characterization of the two extracts indicated that S has higher phenol content than L. Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol were the more abundant phenols in both OMW extracts, with hydroxytyrosol significantly higher in S as compared to L. Both extracts failed to induce cell death when challenged with endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells in cell viability experiments. On the contrary, the higher extract dosages employed significantly affected cell metabolic activity, as indicated by the MTT tests. Their ability to counteract H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cell death was assessed to investigate potential antioxidant activities of the extracts. Fluorescence measurements obtained with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe H2DCF-DA indicated strong antioxidant activity of the two OMW extracts in both cell models, as indicated by the inhibition of H2O2-induced ROS generation and the counteraction of the oxidative-induced cell death. Our results indicate LLAC-obtained OMW extracts as a safe and useful source of valuable compounds harboring antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Annalisa Cossu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberta Giordo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.G.); (W.M.A.-R.)
| | - Amalia Piscopo
- Department of AGRARIA, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Vito Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Wael M. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.G.); (W.M.A.-R.)
| | - Antonio Piga
- Department of Agricultural Environmental Sciences and Food Biotechnology, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (A.C.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.G.); (W.M.A.-R.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (G.P.)
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Lecci RM, D’Antuono I, Cardinali A, Garbetta A, Linsalata V, Logrieco AF, Leone A. Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Capacities as Mechanisms of Photoprotection of Olive Polyphenols on UVA-Damaged Human Keratinocytes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082153. [PMID: 33917980 PMCID: PMC8068360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of polyphenols are reported to have considerable antioxidant and skin photoprotective effects, although the mechanisms of action are not fully known. Environmentally friendly and inexpensive sources of natural bioactive compounds, such as olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the by-product of olive-oil processing, can be considered an economic source of bioactive polyphenols, with a range of biological activities, useful as chemotherapeutic or cosmeceutical agents. Green strategies, such as the process based on membrane technologies, allow to recover active polyphenols from this complex matrix. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant, pro-oxidant, and photoprotective effects, including the underlying action mechanism(s), of the ultra-filtered (UF) OMWW fractions, in order to substantiate their use as natural cosmeceutical ingredient. Six chemically characterized UF-OMWW fractions, from Italian and Greek olive cultivar processing, were investigated for their antioxidant activities, measured by Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), LDL oxidation inhibition, and ROS-quenching ability in UVA-irradiated HEKa (Human Epidermal Keratinocytes adult) cultures. The photoprotective properties of UF-OMWW were assayed as a pro-oxidant-mediated pro-apoptotic effect on the UVA-damaged HEKa cells, which can be potentially involved in the carcinogenesis process. All the UF-OMWW fractions exerted an effective antioxidant activity in vitro and in cells when administered together with UV-radiation on HEKa. A pro-oxidative and pro-apoptotic effect on the UVA-damaged HEKa cells were observed, suggesting some protective actions of polyphenol fraction on keratinocyte cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Marina Lecci
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Lecce), Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Isabella D’Antuono
- National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Bari), Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.); (A.G.); (V.L.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Angela Cardinali
- National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Bari), Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.); (A.G.); (V.L.); (A.F.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (A.L.); Tel.: +39-080-5929303 (A.C.); +39-0832-422615 (A.L.); Fax: +39-0832-422620 (A.L.)
| | - Antonella Garbetta
- National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Bari), Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.); (A.G.); (V.L.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Vito Linsalata
- National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Bari), Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.); (A.G.); (V.L.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Bari), Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.); (A.G.); (V.L.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Antonella Leone
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Lecce), Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (A.L.); Tel.: +39-080-5929303 (A.C.); +39-0832-422615 (A.L.); Fax: +39-0832-422620 (A.L.)
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40
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Microbial Application to Improve Olive Mill Wastewater Phenolic Extracts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071944. [PMID: 33808362 PMCID: PMC8036537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive mill wastewater (OMW) contains valuable and interesting bioactive compounds, among which is hydroxytyrosol, which is characterized by a remarkable antioxidant activity. Due to the health claims related to olive polyphenols, the aim of this study was to obtain an extract from OMW with an increased level of hydroxytyrosol by means of microbial enzymatic activity. For this purpose, four commercial adsorbent resins were selected and tested. The beta-glucosidase and esterase activity of strains of Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were also investigated and compared to those of a commercial enzyme and an Aspergillus niger strain. The W. anomalus strain showed the best enzymatic performances. The SP207 resin showed the best efficiency in selective recovery of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, and total phenols. The bioconversion test of the OMW extract was assessed by using both culture broths and pellets of the tested strains. The results demonstrated that the pellets of W. anomalus and L. plantarum were the most effective in hydroxytyrosol increasing in phenolic extract. The interesting results suggest the possibility to study new formulations of OMW phenolic extracts with multifunctional microorganisms.
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41
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Çelik G, Saygın Ö, Akmehmet Balcıoğlu I. Multistage recovery process of phenolic antioxidants with a focus on hydroxytyrosol from olive mill wastewater concentrates. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sharma RK, Sharma N, Kumar U, Samant SS. Antioxidant properties, phenolics and flavonoids content of some economically important plants from North-west Indian Himalaya. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:1565-1569. [PMID: 33567925 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1881959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated antioxidant properties, total phenolic and flavonoid contents in methanol extract of the leaf, stem bark, and fruit of Olea ferruginea Royle, Olea europaea L., and Tilia europaea L. grow naturally in the north-west Indian Himalaya. Phenolics and flavonoids content was found to be maximum in methanol extracts of stem bark and leaf (9.28 mg GAE/g fw and 14.73 mg QE/g fw, respectively) of O. ferruginea plants. Ferric reducing antioxidant power and DPPH radical scavenging activity were found to be maximum in leaf and stem bark (38.88 mM AAE/g fw and 20.31 mM AAE/g fw, respectively) of O. ferrugenia plants, whereas maximum ABTS radical scavenging activity (4.52 mM AAE/g fw) was recorded with stem bark of T. europaea plants. These tree species were found rich in natural compounds and also possess antioxidant activities. Therefore, their pharmaceutical and local uses for the health benefits are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Himachal Regional Centre, Mohal-Kullu, India.,Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Himachal Regional Centre, Mohal-Kullu, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sher Singh Samant
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Himachal Regional Centre, Mohal-Kullu, India.,Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Shimla, India
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Corrosion Inhibition of 3003 Aluminum Alloy in Molar Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Olive Oil Mill Liquid By-Product. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CORROSION 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6662395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the literature, the works on the inhibition of aluminum alloy corrosion using naturally occurring compounds are limited. For this, the inhibiting effect of oil mill liquid by-product (OMW) on the corrosion of 3003 aluminum alloy (AA3003) in molar hydrochloric acid solution was evaluated using electrochemical techniques. In parallel, a computational approach based on DFT/B3LYP and Monte Carlo methods was used to understand the inhibition process under electronic and atomic scales, respectively. The experimental results reveal that OMW has a good inhibiting effect on the corrosion of AA3003 alloy in the tested solution and acts as a cathodic inhibitor. The inhibitory efficiency increases by increasing OMW concentration to attain 89% at 6.0 ppm. The effect of temperature shows that the inhibition efficiency of OMW decreases with temperature rising. Nevertheless, a good prevention capacity of 83% is obtained at 338 K. Such interesting achieved protection property was attributed to the adsorption of OMW constituents onto the alloy surface via a mixed physichemisorption process. This process is found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Furthermore, the activation thermodynamic parameters of the corrosion process of AA3003 alloy were also determined and discussed. The computational outcomes outlined the ability of the OMW components to interact favorably with the metal surface, hence the formation of a protective layer, which justified the observed inhibition behaviors. Conferring to the present study, OMW can be used as a good green corrosion inhibitor for AA3003 alloy in the acidic medium.
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Olive Mill Wastes: A Source of Bioactive Molecules for Plant Growth and Protection against Pathogens. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120450. [PMID: 33291288 PMCID: PMC7762183 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Olive oil is the most common vegetable oil used for human nutrition, and its production represents a major economic sector in Mediterranean countries. The milling industry generates large amounts of liquid and solid residues, whose disposal is complicated and costly due to their polluting properties. However, olive mill waste (OMW) may also be seen as a source of valuable biomolecules including plant nutrients, anthocyanins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds. This review describes recent advances and multidisciplinary approaches in the identification and isolation of valuable natural OMW-derived bioactive molecules. Such natural compounds may be potentially used in numerous sustainable applications in agriculture such as fertilizers, biostimulants, and biopesticides in alternative to synthetic substances that have a negative impact on the environment and are harmful to human health. Abstract Olive oil production generates high amounts of liquid and solid wastes. For a long time, such complex matrices were considered only as an environmental issue, due to their polluting properties. On the other hand, olive mill wastes (OMWs) exert a positive effect on plant growth when applied to soil due to the high content of organic matter and mineral nutrients. Moreover, OMWs also exhibit antimicrobial activity and protective properties against plant pathogens possibly due to the presence of bioactive molecules including phenols and polysaccharides. This review covers the recent advances made in the identification, isolation, and characterization of OMW-derived bioactive molecules able to influence important plant processes such as plant growth and defend against pathogens. Such studies are relevant from different points of view. First, basic research in plant biology may benefit from the isolation and characterization of new biomolecules to be potentially applied in crop growth and protection against diseases. Moreover, the valorization of waste materials is necessary for the development of a circular economy, which is foreseen to drive the future development of a more sustainable agriculture.
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Ochando-Pulido JM, Vellido-Pérez JA, González-Hernández R, Martínez-Férez A. Optimization and modeling of two-phase olive-oil washing wastewater integral treatment and phenolic compounds recovery by novel weak-base ion exchange resins. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mitar A, Prlić Kardum J. Intensification of Mass Transfer in the Extraction Process with a Nanofluid Prepared in a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent. Chem Eng Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Mitar
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology Department of Mechanical and Thermal Process Engineering Marulićev trg 19 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Jasna Prlić Kardum
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology Department of Mechanical and Thermal Process Engineering Marulićev trg 19 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
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Mwakalukwa R, Amen Y, Nagata M, Shimizu K. Postprandial Hyperglycemia Lowering Effect of the Isolated Compounds from Olive Mill Wastes - An Inhibitory Activity and Kinetics Studies on α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Enzymes. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20070-20079. [PMID: 32832761 PMCID: PMC7439263 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we isolated seven compounds from olive mill wastes (OMW), one of them being novel, and investigated their antidiabetic potential through inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. To assist the possible characterization of the mechanisms involved, we analyzed the inhibitory kinetics of the active compounds. Oleanolic acid 1, maslinic acid 2, 1-acetoxypinoresinol 3, and luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucoside 6 exhibited stronger inhibitory activity against both enzymes, with IC50 values less than or close to that of acarbose. Other compounds pinoresinol and hydroxytyrosol-containing compounds (hydroxytyrosol acetate 4, hydroxytyrosol 7, and the novel one, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-methoxyethanol 5) showed weak activity against both enzymes (IC50 > 500 μM). Our findings show that, first, the esterification of C-1 of the furofuran ring is the key feature for the stronger activity of 1-acetoxypinoresinol 3 against both enzymes (IC50 = 13.9 and 313 μM for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively), as compared to pinoresinol; second, the oleanane skeletons of the triterpenes (1 and 2) are optimum for the α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities, while the hydroxytyrosol moiety may be responsible for the weak activities of 4, 5, and 7. Additionally, kinetics analysis of 1, 6, and 3 revealed that they inhibit α-glucosidase in mixed-type, noncompetitive, and uncompetitive mechanisms, respectively. We confirmed their mechanisms by measuring their affinity for the enzyme (K i), and they all (1, 6, and 3) had a higher affinity for the enzyme, K i > 1. This work adds more value to OMW for further studies as a potential source of lead antidiabetic compounds for the prevention and/or treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogers Mwakalukwa
- Department of Agro-environmental
Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0935, Japan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of
Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health
and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam 00000, Tanzania
| | - Yhiya Amen
- Department of Agro-environmental
Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0935, Japan
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Maki Nagata
- Department of Agro-environmental
Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0935, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Agro-environmental
Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0935, Japan
- . Tel: +81-92-802-4673. Fax: +81-92-802-4673
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Mohamed OZ, Yassine B, Hilali Rania E, El Hassan A, Abdellatif H, Rachid B. Evaluation of compost quality and bioprotection potential against Fusarium wilt of date palm. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 113:12-19. [PMID: 32502765 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Fusarium wilt of date palm caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis (Foa) is the most damaging disease in Morocco. It has destroyed more than 12 million trees in the country. Until now, there is no efficient approach to manage this disease. However, biocontrol of soil-borne phytopathogens with compost is currently an established horticultural approach. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of compost extracts in the biocontrol of Foa and their mechanism of action and to investigate parameters involved in compost maturity. Maturity (phytotoxicity test), sanitary quality (pathogen indicators) and in vitro suppressive effect of four composts were investigated. Date palm by-products compost produced with forced aeration composting system is not phytotoxic presenting a germination index of 83.78%. In contrast, two commercial composts were phytotoxic. The maturity was negatively correlated with salinity, C/N ratio and total soluble phenols. Concentrations of pathogen indicators were below suggested limits in all composts. The biocontrol test showed that the date palm wastes compost was more effective; from the sixth day of incubation, the unsterilized extract of this compost at 10% showed the highest antagonistic effect against the pathogen with an inhibition rate of 100%. The inhibition rate using microfiltrated extract didn't exceed 30%. All autoclaved extracts lost their antagonistic effect against the indicator fungus. Thus, the suppressive effect is mainly due to the indigenous microorganisms. Findings indicate the relevance of maturity in the evaluation of compost quality and the efficiency of date palm wastes compost in the suppression of Foa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou-Zine Mohamed
- Department of Environment and Plant Protection, National School of Agriculture of Meknes, Morocco; Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco; Laboratory of Plant Bacteriology and Biocontrol, URPP-National Institute of Agricultural Research, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Bouhlal Yassine
- Department of Environment and Plant Protection, National School of Agriculture of Meknes, Morocco
| | - El Hilali Rania
- Department of Environment and Plant Protection, National School of Agriculture of Meknes, Morocco; Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Achbani El Hassan
- Laboratory of Plant Bacteriology and Biocontrol, URPP-National Institute of Agricultural Research, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Haggoud Abdellatif
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Bouamri Rachid
- Department of Environment and Plant Protection, National School of Agriculture of Meknes, Morocco.
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Cavallo P, Dini I, Sepe I, Galasso G, Fedele FL, Sicari A, Bolletti Censi S, Gaspari A, Ritieni A, Lorito M, Vinale F. An Innovative Olive Pâté with Nutraceutical Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070581. [PMID: 32635186 PMCID: PMC7401864 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Food plays a central role in health, especially through consumption of plant-derived foods. Functional foods, supplements, and nutraceuticals are increasingly entering the market to respond to consumer demand for healthy products. They are foods, supplements, and ingredients which offer health benefits beyond the standard nutritional value. Some benefits are associated with phenolic compounds and phytochemicals with antioxidant properties. An olive pâté (OP) was added with antioxidants derived from olive mill wastewater (OMWW) to obtain a functional product rich in phenolic compounds. The olive pâté is produced from the ground olive pericarp, which shows an excellent natural antioxidant content. The OMWW is a waste product from oil processing, which is also rich in phenolic compounds. The result was a product rich in trans-resveratrol, OH tyrosol, and tyrosol in concentrations such as satisfying the European community’s claims regarding the possible antioxidant action on plasma lipids with excellent shelf-life stability. The total phenolic content was assayed by a colorimetric method, the antioxidant activity by the ABTS [(2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] test, the phenolic profile by Q Exactive Orbitrap LC-MS/MS. The shelf-life stability was confirmed by yeast, molds, and total microbial count, pH, and water activity determinations, and the best pasteurization parameters were determined. The palatability was judged as excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- ISC-CNR, Institute for Complex Systems, Via dei Taurini, 19, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Irene Dini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.G.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Immacolata Sepe
- Diagnostica Cavallo—Centro Ricerca Albo MIUR, 84123 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Gennaro Galasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Farmacia, Università di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy;
| | | | - Andrea Sicari
- Linfa Scarl, University Spin Off, 80146 Napoli, Italy; (F.L.F.); (A.S.); (S.B.C.)
| | | | - Anna Gaspari
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.G.); (A.R.)
- UNESCO Chair of Health Education and Sustainable Development, University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Matteo Lorito
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy;
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80137 Napoli, Italy;
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Ramires FA, Durante M, Maiorano G, Migoni D, Rampino P, Fanizzi FP, Perrotta C, Mita G, Grieco F, Bleve G. Industrial scale bio-detoxification of raw olive mill wastewaters by the use of selected microbial yeast and bacterial strains to obtain a new source for fertigation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 265:110574. [PMID: 32421563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Olive Mill Wastewaters (OMWs) are one of the most important agro-industrial wastes of the Mediterranean Countries and the disposal by draining them onto land has been proved to be damaging for soils, plants and groundwater due to their polluting power. The present report describes a new method for bio-detoxification of undiluted fresh OMW based on the driven selection of aerobic yeasts and bacteria. The identified yeast Candida boidinii A5y and the bacterium Paenibacillus albidus R32b strains allowed the treatment of freshly produced raw OMW characterized by very high COD value and phenolic content, when applied as sequential inoculum. The treated OMW showed the absence of antimicrobial effects and a strongly reduction of phytotoxic activity on the germination of several plant seeds. The process was successfully validated on an industrial scale without any pre-treatment, dilution and/or supplementation of the raw waste. Bio-detoxified OMW produced by this sustainable and low-cost process would be suitable for new non-chemical fertigation or soilless applications. The described procedure represents a virtuous example of circular economy efficaciously applied for a depleting agri-food resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Ramires
- CNR - Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Unit of Lecce, Via Provincial Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - M Durante
- CNR - Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Unit of Lecce, Via Provincial Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - G Maiorano
- CNR - Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Unit of Lecce, Via Provincial Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - D Migoni
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - P Rampino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - F P Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - C Perrotta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - G Mita
- CNR - Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Unit of Lecce, Via Provincial Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - F Grieco
- CNR - Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Unit of Lecce, Via Provincial Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - G Bleve
- CNR - Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Unit of Lecce, Via Provincial Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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