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Zhao T, Zhu Y, Zhao R, Xiong S, Sun J, Zhang J, Fan D, Deng J, Yang H. Structure-activity relationship, bioactivities, molecular mechanisms, and clinical application of nuciferine on inflammation-related diseases. Pharmacol Res 2023; 193:106820. [PMID: 37315822 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nuciferine aporphine alkaloid mainly exists in Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn and is a beneficial to human health, such as anti-obesity, lowering blood lipid, prevention of diabetes and cancer, closely associated with inflammation. Importantly, nuciferine may contribute to its bioactivities by exerting intense anti-inflammatory activities in multiple models. However, no review has summarized the anti-inflammatory effect of nuciferine. This review critically summarized the information regarding the structure-activity relationships of dietary nuciferine. Moreover, biological activities and clinical application on inflammation-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, liver, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, as well as their potential mechanisms, involving oxidative stress, metabolic signaling, and gut microbiota has been reviewed. The current work provides a better understanding of the anti-inflammation properties of nuciferine against multiple diseases, thereby improving the utilization and application of nuciferine-containing plants across functional food and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shiyi Xiong
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Juntao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Haixia Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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2
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Li S, Yin S, Ding H, Shao Y, Zhou S, Pu W, Han L, Wang T, Yu H. Polyphenols as potential metabolism mechanisms regulators in liver protection and liver cancer prevention. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13346. [PMID: 36229407 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is one of the common malignancies. The dysregulation of metabolism is a driver of accelerated tumourigenesis. Metabolic changes are well documented to maintain tumour growth, proliferation and survival. Recently, a variety of polyphenols have been shown to have a crucial role both in liver disease prevention and metabolism regulation. METHODS We conducted a literature search and combined recent data with systematic analysis to comprehensively describe the molecular mechanisms that link polyphenols to metabolic regulation and their contribution in liver protection and liver cancer prevention. RESULTS Targeting metabolic dysregulation in organisms prevents and resists the development of liver cancer, which has important implications for identifying new therapeutic strategies for the management and treatment of cancer. Polyphenols are a class of complex compounds composed of multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups and are the main active ingredients of many natural plants. They mediate a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological functions containing complex lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, iron metabolism, intestinal flora imbalance, as well as the direct interaction of their metabolites with key cell-signalling proteins. A large number of studies have found that polyphenols affect the metabolism of organisms by interfering with a variety of intracellular signals, thereby protecting the liver and reducing the risk of liver cancer. CONCLUSION This review systematically illustrates that various polyphenols, including resveratrol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, dihydromyricetin, quercetin, catechins, curcumin, etc., improve metabolic disorders through direct or indirect pathways to protect the liver and fight liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiyue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiling Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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3
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Du Y, Yang W, Yang C, Yang X. A comprehensive review on microbiome, aromas and flavors, chemical composition, nutrition and future prospects of Fuzhuan brick tea. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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4
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Rtibi K, Marzouki K, Salhi A, Sebai H. Dietary Supplementation of Carob and Whey Modulates Gut Morphology, Hemato-Biochemical Indices, and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Rabbits. J Med Food 2021; 24:1124-1133. [PMID: 33739870 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the carob powder (CP) and sweet whey powder (WhP) inclusion into weaning feed on the gut morphology, hemato-biochemical parameters, and antioxidant biomarkers. The addition of 10 g/kg (basal diet +10 g/kg of CP, of WhP) or the mixture (5 g/kg of CP and 5 g/kg of WhP) in the rabbit's standard diet was assessed. A total of 40 weaned New Zealand White rabbits (4 weeks old) was distributed according to body weight (BW) into four treatments (n = 10) and the feed additives were provided for 7 weeks. Tissue samples and blood were obtained after slaughter. Final BW, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, intestinal morphology, and carcass dressing were positively affected by CP-WhP treatments compared with the control diet. Also, CP-WhP treatments significantly increased total proteins, calcium and iron levels, fecal cholesterol excretion, total antioxidants capacity, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in different tissues and significantly decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose in blood serum. These changes were associated with a diminution of blood tumor necrosis factor alpha, lipid peroxidation, and carbonyl proteins in rabbit tissues. Both the additives separately and especially in the mix may enhance productive performance, protein profile, gut function, immunity, and antioxidant activity, with reducing lipid peroxidation, essential inflammatory mediator, and protein-carbonyl residues of growing rabbits. These findings suggest that CP-WhP dietary supplementation provides novel insights into a variety of bioactive compound mixtures with different beneficial modes of actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-ressources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Department of Animal Biotechnology, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Marzouki
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-ressources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Department of Animal Biotechnology, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia.,Center of Professional Training Agricultural of Jendouba, Department of Agriculture, CFPA, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Abedrraouf Salhi
- Center of Professional Training Agricultural of Jendouba, Department of Agriculture, CFPA, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-ressources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Department of Animal Biotechnology, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
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5
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Soltani S, Boozari M, Cicero AFG, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Effects of phytochemicals on macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity: Impact on atherosclerosis. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2854-2878. [PMID: 33464676 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) is the major promoter of reverse cholesterol transport and efflux of excess cellular cholesterol. The functions of HDL, such as cholesterol efflux, are associated with cardiovascular disease rather than HDL levels. We have reviewed the evidence base on the major classes of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, alkaloids, carotenoids, phytosterols, and fatty acids, and their effects on macrophage cholesterol efflux and its major pathways. Phytochemicals show the potential to improve the efficiency of each of these pathways. The findings are mainly in preclinical studies, and more clinical research is warranted in this area to develop novel clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Soltani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
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6
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Nuciferine reduced fat deposition by controlling triglyceride and cholesterol concentration in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:7101-7108. [PMID: 33248627 PMCID: PMC7705000 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dietary nuciferine affects lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Four treatment groups were made from 120 1-day-old broiler chickens including the base diet group (normal control [NC], supplemented with 0 mg/kg of nuciferine) and groups treated with 25 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg of dietary nuciferine, which was supplemented for 42 d. The results showed that body weight, average daily weight gain, and absolute and relative fat and liver weight were significantly decreased with nuciferine supplementation. The plasma concentration of triiodothyronine, free triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and free thyroxine was significantly decreased in the nuciferine-supplemented group, but the plasma glucagon concentration was significantly increased. The plasma and hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations were significantly decreased in the nuciferine group, but plasma and hepatic nonesterified fatty acid concentration, hepatic lipase activity, and hepatic glycogen content were significantly increased. Hepatic histological examination showed that fat cell volume and size in the 100 and 400 mg/kg group were smaller than those in the NC group. The fatty degeneration in the liver was decreased with nuciferine supplementation. The fat cell volume and size were shrunk in the nuciferine group. Dietary nuciferine supplementation significantly decreased the gene expression level of HMGCR, SREBP2, ACC, and SPEBP-1C, but significantly increased the gene expression level of LXR-α, CYP7A1, and CPT-I. The results indicated that nuciferine exhibited strong reduced fat deposition activities and reflected not only by decrease of the concentration of TG and TC but also by reduction in the key gene expression level of HMGCR, SREBP2, ACC, and SPEBP-1c and elevation of the key gene expression level of LXR-α, CYP7A1, and CPT-I. Taken together, our results suggested that the ability of nuciferine on reducing fat deposition in broiler chickens by regulating lipid metabolism was associated with the balance of TG and TC concentration.
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Koonyosying P, Tantiworawit A, Hantrakool S, Utama-Ang N, Cresswell M, Fucharoen S, Porter JB, Srichairatanakool S. Consumption of a green tea extract-curcumin drink decreases blood urea nitrogen and redox iron in β-thalassemia patients. Food Funct 2020; 11:932-943. [PMID: 31950948 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02424g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The most important cause of death in β-thalassemia major patients is organ dysfunction due to iron deposits. Non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI), labile plasma iron (LPI) and labile iron pool are redox-active forms of iron found in thalassemia. Iron chelation therapy is adopted to counteract the resulting iron overload. Extracts of green tea (GTE) and curcumin exhibit iron-chelating and antioxidant activities in iron-loaded cells and β-thalassemic mice. We have used our GTE-CUR drink to investigate the potential amelioration of iron overload and oxidative stress in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) patients. The patients were enrolled for a control group without and with GTE-CUR treatments (17.3 and 35.5 mg EGCG equivalent). Along with regular chelation therapy, they were daily administered the drink for 60 d. Blood samples were collected at the beginning of the study and after 30 d and 60 d for biochemical and hematological tests. Interestingly, we found a decrease of blood urea nitrogen levels (P < 0.05), along with a tendency for a decrease of NTBI and LPI, and a delay in increasing lipid-peroxidation product levels in the GTE-CUR groups. The findings suggest that GTE-CUR could increase kidney function and diminish redox-active iron in iron overloaded β-thalassemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimpisid Koonyosying
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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8
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Xie YD, Liu JP, Wang W, Shi YH, Wang XP, Sun M, Xu XY, Li N. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethyl nitrate with nitric oxide releasing, antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127277. [PMID: 32527456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) dysfunction, oxidative stress, and dyslipidemia are main risk factors associated with the pathophysiology of diabetic complications. In this study, 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl nitrate (HT-ONO2) was designed, synthesized and evaluated, which incorporated hydroxytyrosol (HT) and nitrate. HT-ONO2 significantly exhibited hypoglycemic activity after oral administration to diabetic mice induced by streptozocin (STZ). HT-ONO2 also potently decreased plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) in hyperlipidemia mice induced by Triton WR 1339. Meanwhile, HT-ONO2 displayed NO-releasing and antioxidant activity both in diabetic and hyperlipidemia mice and in vitro. Moreover, HT-ONO2 shown definite vasodilation and α-glucosidase inhibition activity in vitro. The results suggested that the hybrid hydroxytyrosol-based nitrate with NO supplement, antioxidant, hypoglycemia and hypolipidemia provided a potential multi-target agent to ameliorate the diabetes mellitus and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Dong Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave., Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, PR China.
| | - Ji-Ping Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave., Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave., Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, PR China
| | - Yong-Heng Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave., Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave., Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, PR China
| | - Meng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave., Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, PR China
| | - Xin-Ya Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave., Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, PR China
| | - Na Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Ave., Xi'an-xianyang New Ecomic Zone, Shaanxi Province 712046, PR China
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The Pivotal Role of the Dysregulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis in Cancer: Implications for Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061410. [PMID: 32486083 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol plays an important role in cellular homeostasis by maintaining the rigidity of cell membranes, providing a medium for signaling transduction, and being converted into other vital macromolecules, such as sterol hormones and bile acids. Epidemiological studies have shown the correlation between cholesterol content and cancer incidence worldwide. Accumulating evidence has shown the emerging roles of the dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism in cancer development. More specifically, recent reports have shown the distinct role of cholesterol in the suppression of immune cells, regulation of cell survival, and modulation of cancer stem cells in cancer. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the epidemiological analysis, functional roles, and mechanistic action of cholesterol homeostasis in regard to its contribution to cancer development. Based on the existing data, cholesterol homeostasis is identified to be a new key player in cancer pathogenesis. Lastly, we also discuss the therapeutic implications of natural compounds and cholesterol-lowering drugs in cancer prevention and treatment. In conclusion, intervention in cholesterol metabolism may offer a new therapeutic avenue for cancer treatment.
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Effect of green tea consumption on blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr J 2020; 19:48. [PMID: 32434539 PMCID: PMC7240975 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strong epidemiologic evidence indicates that green tea intake is protective against hyperlipidemia; however, randomized controlled studies have presented varying results. In the present study, we aimed to conduct a literature review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of green tea on blood lipids. Methods PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were electronically explored from inception to September 2019 for all relevant studies. Random effect models were used to estimate blood lipid changes between green tea supplementation and control groups by evaluating the weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk of bias for study was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s tests. Results Thirty-one trials with a total of 3321 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. In general, green tea intake significantly lowered the total cholesterol (TC); WMD: − 4.66 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 6.36, − 2.96 mg/dL; P < 0.0001) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (WMD:− 4.55 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 6.31, − 2.80 mg/dL; P < 0.0001) levels compared with those in the control. Green tea consumption did not affect high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; however, it reduced the triglycerides compared with that in the control (WMD: − 3.77 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 8.90, 1.37 mg/dL; P = 0.15). In addition, significant publication bias from funnel plots or Egger’s tests was not evident. Conclusions Collectively, consumption of green tea lowers LDL cholesterol and TC, but not HDL cholesterol or triglycerides in both normal weight subjects and those who were overweight/obese; however, additional well-designed studies that include more diverse populations and longer duration are warranted.
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Luo K, Ma C, Xing S, An Y, Feng J, Dang H, Huang W, Qiao L, Cheng J, Xie L. White tea and its active polyphenols lower cholesterol through reduction of very-low-density lipoprotein production and induction of LDLR expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110146. [PMID: 32334376 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging in vivo and vitro data suggest that white tea extract (WTE) is capable of favourably modulating metabolic syndrome, especially by ameliorating abnormal lipid metabolism. Microarray-based gene expression profiling was performed in HepG2 cells to analyze the effects of WTE from a systematic perspective. Gene Ontology and pathway analysis revealed that WTE significantly affected pathways related to lipid metabolism. WTE significantly downregulated apolipoprotein B (APOB) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) expression and thereby reduced the production of very-low-density lipoprotein. In the meanwhile, WTE stimulated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) uptake through targeting low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), as a consequence of the activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ). Furthermore, WTE significantly downregulated triglycerides synthetic genes and reduced intracellular triglycerides accumulation. Besides, we demonstrated that the tea catechins epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) are abundant in WTE and contribute to the regulation of cholesterol metabolism related genes, including LDLR, MTTP and APOB. Our findings suggest white tea plays important roles in ameliorating abnormal lipid metabolism in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chengmei Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shaofang Xing
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yannan An
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Juan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Honglei Dang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liansheng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Lan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Shafabakhsh R, Reiner Ž, Hallajzadeh J, Mirsafaei L, Asemi Z. Are anti-inflammatory agents and nutraceuticals - novel inhibitors of PCSK9? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:325-336. [PMID: 32090592 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1731678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a protease which increases the lysosomal degradation of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) resulting in elevated serum LDL-cholesterol levels. Elevated LDL-cholesterol is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Antibodies to PCSK9 decrease LDL-cholesterol. Recent studies have suggested a direct relationship between PCSK9 and inflammation and the potential inhibitory effects of anti-inflammatory agents against this enzyme. Nutraceuticals are natural compounds, which have numerous anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects. In this review we focus on anti-inflammatory substances and nutraceuticals, which are beneficial in treatment of dyslipidemia. We also reviewed the recent findings concerning the role of PCSK9 as the main target for molecular mechanisms of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Liaosadat Mirsafaei
- Department of Cardiology, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Zanka K, Kawaguchi Y, Okada Y, Nagaoka S. Epigallocatechin Gallate Induces Upregulation of LDL Receptor via the 67 kDa Laminin Receptor-Independent Pathway in HepG2 Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1901036. [PMID: 31978263 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an active polyphenol in green tea, exhibits various physiological effects, including activation of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR). The previous studies have suggested that EGCG activates LDLR via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in HepG2 cells. However, the detailed molecular mechanism remains unclear. Recently, 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR) is identified as a receptor for EGCG. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether 67LR is involved in the mechanism of LDLR activation by EGCG. METHODS AND RESULTS EGCG induces upregulation of LDLR when 67LR is knocked down in HepG2 cells. Similar effect is observed after the cells are treated with 67LR monoclonal antibody. The loss of antiallergic effect following 67LR siRNA knockdown and 67LR antibody treatment confirms the results since the antiallergic effect of EGCG is known to be mediated by 67LR. CONCLUSION EGCG activates LDLR expression via 67LR-independent pathway in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Zanka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuya Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yudai Okada
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Maiti S, Nazmeen A, Medda N, Patra R, Ghosh TK. Flavonoids green tea against oxidant stress and inflammation with related human diseases. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Xie Z, Shen G, Wang Y, Wu C. Curcumin supplementation regulates lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:422-429. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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16
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Palazzo M, Vizzarri F, Cinone M, D'Alessandro AG, Martemucci G, Casamassima D. Dietary effect of lemon verbena extract on selected blood parameters and on plasma oxidative profile in Avelignese horses. Anim Sci J 2018; 90:222-228. [PMID: 30556324 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Lippia citriodora extract on selected blood parameters and on plasma oxidative markers in Avelignese horses was evaluated. Twenty-four horses were divided into three groups, consisting of eight animals each. Results of two experimental groups, 0.5 mg of verbascoside per kg of metabolic body weight (bw0.75 ) in the low-dose group (LVB) and 1.0 mg of verbascoside per kg of metabolic body weight (bw0.75 ) in the high-dose group (HVB), were compared to the control group (CON). Groups fed L. citriodora extract (HVB and LVB) showed a significant decrease in triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (p < .01), bilirubin, and transaminases (p < .05), and an increase in HDL cholesterol (p < .01) compared to the CON group. Oxidative status was improved due to significant decrease in plasma concentration of ROMs and TBARS (p < .01) and increase in levels of vitamin A and vitamin E (p < .01). Based on obtained results, it is assumed that dietary supplementation with L. citriodora extract might find a useful application in horse feeding, with positive impact observed in blood parameters and plasma oxidative markers, with beneficial effects on the physiological welfare of livestock animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Palazzo
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesco Vizzarri
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mario Cinone
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Martemucci
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Casamassima
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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Li X, Shen Y, Wu G, Qi X, Zhang H, Wang L, Qian H. Determination of Key Active Components in Different Edible Oils Affecting Lipid Accumulation and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in HepG2 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11943-11956. [PMID: 30350970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the poor ability of cells to decompose triglycerides, most studies of edible oil have depended on animal or clinical trials. However, such trials are expensive and time-consuming, and the results are limited to considerable individual differences. This is the first study to comprehensively investigate the effect of different oils on the lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HepG2 cells by hydrolyzing oil to fatty acids with integrated fat content. In addition, the key components of fatty acid composition, phytosterol, polyphenols, and tocopherol/tocotrienol in different oils, contributing to a decrease in content of lipid accumulation, cholesterol, ROS, and malondialdehyde (MDA), were analyzed using multivariate analysis. The results showed that the lipid accumulation content of coconut oil, Pu'er tea oil, olive oil, and flaxseed oil at a concentration of 200 μM decreased by 45.98 ± 0.75, 50.35 ± 1.37, 40.43 ± 2.44, and 42.76 ± 1.88%, respectively, compared with the lard. In addition, the ROS contents of Pu'er tea oil, olive oil, and flaxseed oil had no significant difference from that of control cells ( p < 0.05). In the results, (3β,5α)-stigmastan-3-yl, cholane-5,20(22)-diene-3b-ph, and β-sitosterol were determined to be the key components in edible oils associated with lipid accumulation and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Yingbin Shen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , Guangdong , China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Xiguang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
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18
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Giangreco F, Höfinger S, Bakalis E, Zerbetto F. Impact of the green tea ingredient epigallocatechin gallate and a short pentapeptide (Ile-Ile-Ala-Glu-Lys) on the structural organization of mixed micelles and the related uptake of cholesterol. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1956-1963. [PMID: 29886279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of blood cholesterol are conventionally linked to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (Grundy, 1986). Here we examine the molecular mode of action of natural products with known cholesterol-lowering activity, such as for example the green tea ingredient epigallocatechin gallate and a short pentapeptide, Ile-Ile-Ala-Glu-Lys. METHODS Molecular Dynamics simulations are used to gain insight into the formation process of mixed micelles and, correspondingly, how active agents epigallocatechin gallate and Ile-Ile-Ala-Glu-Lys could possibly interfere with it. RESULTS Self-assembly of physiological micelles occurs on the order of 35-50 ns; most of the structural properties of mixed micelles are unaffected by epigallocatechin gallate or Ile-Ile-Ala-Glu-Lys which integrate into the micellar surface; the diffusive motion of constituting lipids palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol is significantly down-regulated by both epigallocatechin gallate and Ile-Ile-Ala-Glu-Lys; CONCLUSIONS: The molecular mode of action of natural compounds epigallocatechin gallate and Ile-Ile-Ala-Glu-Lys is a significant down-regulation of the diffusive motion of micellar lipids. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Natural compounds like the green tea ingredient epigallocatechin gallate and a short pentapeptide, Ile-Ile-Ala-Glu-Lys, lead to a significant down-regulation of the diffusive motion of micellar lipids thereby modulating cholesterol absorption into physiological micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giangreco
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; Alfa Analisi srl, via Giovanni XXIII 7, I-73037 Poggiardo, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Siegfried Höfinger
- VSC Research Center, ZID, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria; Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931-1295, USA.
| | - Evangelos Bakalis
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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Hanfer M, Cheriet T, Menad A, Seghiri R, Benayache S, Benayache F, Ameddah S. Modulation of Liver Glutathione-Dependent Enzymes and Steatosis by Linaria tingitana in Sodium Valproate-Treated Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2018.1423597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Hanfer
- Laboratory of Biology and Environment, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mentouri Brothers, Constantine, Algeria
- Department of Biology of Organisims, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Unversity of Batna 2 -Mostefa Ben Boulaid-, Batna, Algeria
| | - Thamere Cheriet
- Unité de Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyse Physicochimiques et Biologiques (VARENBIOMOL), University of Mentouri Brothers-, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Menad
- Laboratory of Biology and Environment, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mentouri Brothers, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ramdane Seghiri
- Unité de Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyse Physicochimiques et Biologiques (VARENBIOMOL), University of Mentouri Brothers-, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Samir Benayache
- Unité de Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyse Physicochimiques et Biologiques (VARENBIOMOL), University of Mentouri Brothers-, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Fadila Benayache
- Unité de Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyse Physicochimiques et Biologiques (VARENBIOMOL), University of Mentouri Brothers-, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Souad Ameddah
- Laboratory of Biology and Environment, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mentouri Brothers, Constantine, Algeria
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20
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Xie Y, Xu Y, Chen Z, Lu W, Li N, Wang Q, Shao L, Li Y, Yang G, Bian X. A new multifunctional hydroxytyrosol-fenofibrate with antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant and antiinflammatory action. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1749-1758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Chen C, Liu Q, Liu L, Hu Y, Feng Q. Potential Biological Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28799714 PMCID: PMC6120134 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue throughout the world. However, no validated treatments for NAFLD are currently available. In‐depth studies have demonstrated the efficacy of (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a main bioactive chemical extracted from green tea, in treating NAFLD. EGCG exhibits multi‐pronged preventive and therapeutic activities, including promoting lipid and glucose metabolism, anti‐lipid peroxidation and anti‐inflammation activities, anti‐fibrosis, and anti‐NAFLD related tumor, thus contributing to the mitigation of NAFLD occurrence and progression. The objectives of this paper are to review and discuss the currently known targets, signaling pathways and roles of EGCG that interfere with NAFLD pathogenesis, then providing additional experimental evidence and the foundation for the further studies and clinical applications of EGCG in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Institute of Liver DiseasesShuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Liver DiseasesShuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Liu
- Institute of Liver DiseasesShuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yi‐yang Hu
- Institute of Liver DiseasesShuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Clinical MedicineShanghaiChina
- E‐Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education CommitteeShanghaiChina
| | - Qin Feng
- Institute of Liver DiseasesShuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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Khalili A, Nekooeian AA, Khosravi MB. Oleuropein improves glucose tolerance and lipid profile in rats with simultaneous renovascular hypertension and type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2017; 19:1011-1021. [PMID: 28347166 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1307834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oleuropein mediates most of the beneficial effects of olive products. This study examined the role of oxidative stress in the effects of oleuropein on lipid profile and blood glucose in rats with simultaneous renovascular hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Eight groups (n = 7-9 each) of male Sprague-Dawley rats including a control, a type 2 diabetic, a renovascular hypertensive, a sham, a simultaneously hypertensive diabetic receiving vehicle, and 3 simultaneously hypertensive-diabetic receiving 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg/day oleuropein were used. Four weeks after treatment, blood glucose, lipid profile, and biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured, and glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed. Simultaneously hypertensive diabetic rats had significantly higher blood pressure, blood glucose, and serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride and malondialdehyde. They also had lower serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, and impaired glucose tolerance. Oleuropein significantly reduced blood pressure, blood glucose, and serum total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglyceride and malondoaldehyde. It also increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, and improved glucose tolerance. The findings show that the model is associated with impaired glucose tolerance, and adverse lipid profile. They also show that oleuropein, partly by an antioxidant mechanism, improves glucose tolerance and changed lipid profile favorably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Khalili
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj 3146883811 , Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Nekooeian
- b Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Research Lab, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz 7134845794 , Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Khosravi
- c Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz 7134845794 , Iran
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Flavonoids and Their Metabolites: Prevention in Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes. Diseases 2017; 5:diseases5030019. [PMID: 32962323 PMCID: PMC5622335 DOI: 10.3390/diseases5030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of atherosclerosis and diabetes is expanding rapidly worldwide. These two metabolic disorders often co-occur, and are part of what is often referred to as the metabolic syndrome. In order to determine future therapies, we propose that molecular mechanisms should be investigated. Once the aetiology of the metabolic syndrome is clear, a nutritional intervention should be assessed. Here we focus on the protective effects of some dietary flavonoids, and their metabolites. Further studies may also pave the way for development of novel drug candidates.
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Santini A, Novellino E. Nutraceuticals in hypercholesterolaemia: an overview. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1450-1463. [PMID: 27685833 PMCID: PMC5429323 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing attention is now being given to the possible preventive/alternative ways to avoid illness onset. Changes in lifestyle and food habits are taking over from the conventional pharmaceutical-based approach, especially for chronic pathologies. Nutraceuticals have been proposed as key tools for the prevention and cure of some pathological conditions. This is leading research to develop new formulations based on these pharma-foods addressed in a specific way to prevent and cure health issues, which, in turn, will have an effect on therapy-related costs sustained by any National Health Organization. According to existing regulations, nutraceuticals cannot be categorized as either food or drugs but, by definition, often inhabit a grey area in between the two, being assimilated into food supplements, notwithstanding the beneficial properties that they can provide for some pathological conditions. A nutraceuticals-based approach for health management, in particular for some pathological conditions, has resulted in a worldwide growing 'nutraceutical' revolution. An outstanding example is the approach to the 'metabolic syndrome', which includes overweight, obesity and cardiovascular-related diseases, causing a sort of cascade of chronic health conditions, which is becoming a norm in modern life. Hypercholesterolaemia is one of these. It represents an example of a pathology that can be linked to both a poor lifestyle and dietary habits. The nutraceutical approach to hypercholesterolaemia is described in the present review as a possible alternative to the conventional drug-based therapy. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Napoli Federico IINaplesItaly
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25
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Yamashita M, Kumazoe M, Nakamura Y, Won YS, Bae J, Yamashita S, Tachibana H. The Combination of Green Tea Extract and Eriodictyol Inhibited High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet-Induced Cholesterol Upregulation Is Accompanied by Suppression of Cholesterol Synthesis Enzymes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2017; 62:249-256. [PMID: 27725410 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.62.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Western diets induce obesity associated with an increased risk of hypercholesterolaemia. Indeed, obesity-induced hypercholesterolaemia is correlated with increased coronary cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet, high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HF/HS), HF/HS with green tea extract powder diet (HF/HS+GT), HF/HS with eriodictyol diet (HF/HS+Eri), or HF/HS with green tea extract powder and eriodictyol diet (HF/HS+GT+Eri) for 8 wk. Body weight was lower in the HF/HS+GT+Eri group than in the HF/HS group (-8.3%, p<0.01). The HF/HS diet elicited an upregulation of total cholesterol levels (-63%, p<0.001), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (-89%, p<0.001) were significantly suppressed by the GT+Eri diet. Conversely, no change (p>0.05) was observed in the HF/HS+GT and HF/HS+Eri groups. The HF/HS diet-induced hepatic mRNA increase in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) was ameliorated (-73%) by the oral administration of green tea extract and eriodictyol. Moreover, the GT+Eri diet suppressed HF/HS diet-induced upregulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase (HMGCS) (-75%, p<0.05). Furthermore, the LDL receptor (LDLR) levels were higher in the HF/HS+GT+Eri group (+50%, p<0.05) than in the HF/HS group. These results suggest that a combination of green tea and eriodictyol decreases cholesterol levels, particularly LDL levels, accompanied by the suppression of HMGCR and HMGCS levels and upregulation of LDLR levels in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Yamashita
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
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26
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Tenore GC, Caruso D, Buonomo G, D'Urso E, D'Avino M, Campiglia P, Marinelli L, Novellino E. Annurca (Malus pumila Miller cv. Annurca) apple as a functional food for the contribution to a healthy balance of plasma cholesterol levels: results of a randomized clinical trial. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2107-2115. [PMID: 27571713 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent human studies have evaluated the effect of daily apple consumption on plasma cholesterol level, which is recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nevertheless, slightly significant effects have been generally registered although consuming more than two apples a day for several weeks. RESULTS This study describes the influence of daily consumption of Annurca apples on the cholesterol levels of mildly hypercholesterolaemic healthy subjects. A monocentric, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, 4-month study was conducted. The subjects (n = 250) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups (each one of 50 subjects: 28 men and 22 women). Four groups were administered one apple per day among the following: Red Delicious, Granny Smith, Fuji, Golden Delicious. The fifth group was asked to consume two Annurca apples per day, since the weight of this cultivar is on average half that of the commercial ones considered in this study. Comparing results, Annurca led to the most significant outcome, allowing a reduction in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by 8.3% and 14.5%, respectively, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by 15.2% (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our data would reasonably indicate Annurca apple as a useful tool to contribute to the prevention of CVD risk through normal diet. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Caruso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Cardarelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela D'Urso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria D'Avino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Cardarelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Kitamura K, Okada Y, Okada K, Kawaguchi Y, Nagaoka S. Epigallocatechin gallate induces an up-regulation of LDL receptor accompanied by a reduction of PCSK9 via the annexin A2-independent pathway in HepG2 cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28181408 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE In animal studies, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the dominant catechin in green tea, has been shown to improve cholesterol metabolism. However, the molecular mechanisms of EGCG underlying these functions have not been fully understood. In this study, we aimed to clarify the molecular mechanisms of the effect of EGCG on cholesterol metabolism mainly in HepG2 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that EGCG induced a reduction of the extracellular proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) level accompanied by an up-regulation of the LDL receptor (LDLR) in HepG2 cells. The EGCG-induced up-regulation of LDLR occurred via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Moreover, we showed that EGCG induced a significant early reduction of the extracellular PCSK9 protein level. However, there were no significant changes in the PCSK9 mRNA and the intracellular PCSK9 protein levels induced by EGCG. Annexin A2 knockdown affected the basal LDLR expression and did not affect the EGCG-induced reduction of the extracellular PCSK9 protein level or the up-regulation of LDLR. CONCLUSION Annexin A2 possesses an essential function for the basal LDLR expression in HepG2 cells. But, EGCG induces the suppression of PCSK9 accompanied by an up-regulation of LDLR in an annexin A2-independent manner. EGCG attenuates the statin-induced an increase in PCSK9 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kitamura
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yudai Okada
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenji Okada
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuya Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
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Chen C, Wei K, Wang L, Ruan L, Li H, Zhou X, Lin Z, Shan R, Cheng H. Expression of Key Structural Genes of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway Associated with Catechin Epimerization in Tea Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:702. [PMID: 28515736 PMCID: PMC5413559 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Catechin epimerization is an important factor affecting tea catechin compositions and thereby tea quality. However, a lack of tea germplasms with high non-epicatechins limits relative research. Here, a tea cultivar Y510 with high non-epicatechins was firstly reported and used for catechin and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis. Results showed that the (-)-gallocatechin gallate and (+)-catechin (C) contents in Y510 were at least 136 and 6 times higher than those in Fudingdabaicha and 0306I, but the epicatechins (-)-epigallocatechin and (-)-epicatechin (EC) were significantly lower. Eleven unigenes potentially involved in catechin epimerization were identified by RNA-Seq analysis. Based on a combination of catechin and gene expression analysis, it was hypothesized that two anthocyanidin reductase genes (CsANR1, CsANR2) and an anthocyanidin synthase gene (CsANS) are the key genes affecting catechin epimerization in tea. Non-epicatechin formations were hypothesized to be mainly influenced by the expression ratio of CsANR2 to CsANR1 and the expression of CsANS. Overexpression of CsANS in an Arabidopsis mutant tds4-2 led to a significant increase of EC accumulation in seeds, revealing CsANS is important for catechin epimerization. These results shed new light on breeding tea cultivars with special catechin compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFu’an, China
| | - Kang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kang Wei, Hao Cheng,
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Li Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Hailin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghe Lin
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFu’an, China
| | - Ruiyang Shan
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFu’an, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kang Wei, Hao Cheng,
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Nutraceuticals: A paradigm of proactive medicine. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 96:53-61. [PMID: 27613382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals define a new category which shades the frontier between drugs and food. As per its definition, a nutraceutical is "a food or part of a food that provides benefits health in addition to its nutritional content". Active substances either way extracted from plants (phytocomplexes) or of animal origin, when extracted, concentrated and administered in a suitable pharmaceutical form, can create a very promising toolbox useful to prevent and/or support the therapy of some pathologic conditions given their proven clinical efficacy. It is worldwide recognized that diet and lifestyle are essential to promote and maintain well-being and nice-being condition, other than help to prevent diseases possible onset. Both non-correct dietary habits and lifestyle can in fact determine pathological conditions. The metabolic syndrome, a worldwide epidemic threat, can be named an outstanding example. This syndrome is characterized by a cascade of cardio metabolic risk factors which include obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Prevention is the key strategy for an effective proactive medicine, in which efforts are addressed to prevention and, consequently, to lower the risk connected to some lifestyle related diseases reducing, at the same time, any National Health Systems cost needed to guarantee the proper therapeutic approach based on pharmaceuticals. Nutraceuticals use in prevention is a proactive reverse approach tool to pre-clinical health conditions. They can be effectively used, by including in the daily diet, in an area which shades in the range "beyond the diet, before drugs", since they combine both nutritional and beneficial healthy properties of food extracts with the healing properties of natural active compounds.
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The Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Green Tea Catechins on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Markers in Humans: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. BEVERAGES 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages2020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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El-Newary SA, Sulieman AM, El-Attar SR, Sitohy MZ. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract from the uneaten pulp of the fruit from Cordia dichotoma in healthy and hyperlipidemic Wistar albino rats. J Nat Med 2016; 70:539-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-0973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Grootaert C, Kamiloglu S, Capanoglu E, Van Camp J. Cell Systems to Investigate the Impact of Polyphenols on Cardiovascular Health. Nutrients 2015; 7:9229-55. [PMID: 26569293 PMCID: PMC4663590 DOI: 10.3390/nu7115462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are a diverse group of micronutrients from plant origin that may serve as antioxidants and that contribute to human health in general. More specifically, many research groups have investigated their protective effect against cardiovascular diseases in several animal studies and human trials. Yet, because of the excessive processing of the polyphenol structure by human cells and the residing intestinal microbial community, which results in a large variability between the test subjects, the exact mechanisms of their protective effects are still under investigation. To this end, simplified cell culture systems have been used to decrease the inter-individual variability in mechanistic studies. In this review, we will discuss the different cell culture models that have been used so far for polyphenol research in the context of cardiovascular diseases. We will also review the current trends in cell culture research, including co-culture methodologies. Finally, we will discuss the potential of these advanced models to screen for cardiovascular effects of the large pool of bioactive polyphenols present in foods and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grootaert
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent 653 B-9000, Belgium.
| | - Senem Kamiloglu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent 653 B-9000, Belgium.
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - John Van Camp
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, Ghent 653 B-9000, Belgium.
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Liu G, Zheng X, Xu Y, Lu J, Chen J, Huang X. Long non-coding RNAs expression profile in HepG2 cells reveals the potential role of long non-coding RNAs in the cholesterol metabolism. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015; 128:91-7. [PMID: 25563320 PMCID: PMC4837827 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.147824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green tea has been shown to improve cholesterol metabolism in animal studies, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this function have not been fully understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as a major class of regulatory molecules involved in a broad range of biological processes and complex diseases. Our aim was to identify important lncRNAs that might play an important role in contributing to the benefits of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on cholesterol metabolism. METHODS Microarrays was used to reveal the lncRNA and mRNA profiles in green tea polyphenol(-)-epigallocatechin gallate in cultured human liver (HepG2) hepatocytes treated with EGCG and bioinformatic analyses of the predicted target genes were performed to identify lncRNA-mRNA targeting relationships. RNA interference was used to investigate the role of lncRNAs in cholesterol metabolism. RESULTS The expression levels of 15 genes related to cholesterol metabolism and 285 lncRNAs were changed by EGCG treatment. Bioinformatic analysis found five matched lncRNA-mRNA pairs for five differentially expressed lncRNAs and four differentially expressed mRNA. In particular, the lncRNA AT102202 and its potential targets mRNA-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) were identified. Using a real-time polymerase chain reaction technique, we confirmed that EGCG down-regulated mRNA expression level of the HMGCR and up-regulated expression of AT102202. After AT102202 knockdown in HepG2, we observed that the level of HMGCR expression was significantly increased relative to the scrambled small interfering RNA control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that EGCG improved cholesterol metabolism and meanwhile changed the lncRNAs expression profile in HepG2 cells. LncRNAs may play an important role in the cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaohong Huang
- Department of Special Medical Treatment Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Wu X, Zhang J, Pei D, Wei J, Di D. Preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid porous materials and adsorption characteristics for (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and caffeine from the extract of discarded tea. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
- Center of Resource Chemical and New Material; Qingdao, No. 36 Jinshui Road; Qingdao 266100 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
- Center of Resource Chemical and New Material; Qingdao, No. 36 Jinshui Road; Qingdao 266100 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Junhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy; Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Quality for Traditional Chinese Medicines of the College of Gansu Province, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Pei
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
- Center of Resource Chemical and New Material; Qingdao, No. 36 Jinshui Road; Qingdao 266100 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianteng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
- Center of Resource Chemical and New Material; Qingdao, No. 36 Jinshui Road; Qingdao 266100 People's Republic of China
| | - Duolong Di
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
- Center of Resource Chemical and New Material; Qingdao, No. 36 Jinshui Road; Qingdao 266100 People's Republic of China
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Food Inhibits the Oral Bioavailability of the Major Green Tea Antioxidant Epigallocatechin Gallate in Humans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:373-93. [PMID: 26783711 PMCID: PMC4665468 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioavailability of the most abundant and most active green tea antioxidant, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) remains uncertain. Therefore, the systemic absorption of EGCG was tested in healthy fasted humans. It was administered as capsules with water or with a light breakfast, or when incorporated within a strawberry sorbet. The results for plasma EGCG clearly revealed that taking EGCG capsules without food was better; the AUC was 2.7 and 3.9 times higher than when EGCG capsules were taken with a light breakfast (p = 0.044) or with EGCG imbedded in the strawberry sorbet (p = 0.019), respectively. This pattern was also observed for Cmax and Cav. Therefore, ingesting food at the same time as EGCG, whether it was imbedded or not in food, substantially inhibited the absorption of the catechin. As with some types of medications that are affected by food, it appears that EGCG should be taken without food in order to maximise its systemic absorption. Therefore, based on these findings, ingesting EGCG with water on an empty stomach is the most appropriate method for the oral delivery of EGCG in clinical trials where EGCG is to be investigated as a potential bioactive nutraceutical in humans.
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Bellassoued K, Ghrab F, Makni-Ayadi F, Van Pelt J, Elfeki A, Ammar E. Protective effect of kombucha on rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet is mediated by its antioxidant activity. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1699-1709. [PMID: 25856715 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.1001408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Kombucha (KT) is claimed to have various beneficial effects on human health, but there is very little scientific evidence available in the literature. OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the effects of Camellia sinensis (GT) Linn. (Theaceae) and KT, two natural drinks, on cholesterol and antioxidant status using a hypercholesterolemia rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study compared the free-radical scavenging abilities and polyphenol levels of GT and KT. Wistar rats fed cholesterol-rich diets were given KT or GT (5 mL/kg body weight per day, po) for 16 weeks, then fasted overnight and sacrificed. The plasma lipid levels, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) serum levels, antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and creatinine and urea rats were examined. RESULTS KT had a phenolic compound of 955 ± 0.75 mg GAE/g) followed, by GT (788.92 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g). The free radical scavenging activity of KT was higher than GT. Compared with GT, KT induced lowered serum levels of TC, TG, VLDL-C, and LDL-C by 26, 27, 28, and 36%, respectively, and increased the serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). KT induced a 55% decrease of TBARS level in liver and 44% in kidney, compared with those of rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet alone. Moreover, CAT and SOD activities were reduced by 29 and 33%, respectively, in liver and 31 and 35%, respectively, in kidney, after oral administration of KT, compared with those of HCD-fed rats. CONCLUSION The findings revealed that KT administration induced attractive curative effects on hypercholesterolemic, particularly in terms of liver-kidney functions in rats. Its effect on humans needs to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Bellassoued
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
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Abstract
The intestinal production of lipoproteins is one of the key processes by which the body prepares dietary lipid for dissemination to locations throughout the body where they are required. Paramount to this is the relationship between dietary lipid and the enterocytes that line the gut, along with the processes which prepare this lipid for efficient uptake by these cells. These include those which occur in the mouth and stomach along with those which occur within the intestinal lumen itself. Additionally, the interplay between digested lipid, dual avenues for lipid uptake by enterocytes (passive and lipid transporter proteins), a system of intercellular lipid resynthesis and transport, and a complex system of lipoprotein synthesis yield a system open to significant modulation. In this review, we will attempt to outline the processes of lipid digestion, lipoprotein synthesis and the exogenous and endogenous factors which exert their influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Hennessy
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland,
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Zhao W, Li J, He X, Lv O, Cheng Y, Liu R. In vitro steatosis hepatic cell model to compare the lipid-lowering effects of pomegranate peel polyphenols with several other plant polyphenols as well as its related cholesterol efflux mechanisms. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:945-954. [PMID: 28962306 PMCID: PMC5598384 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to compare the relative activities of the purified pomegranate peels polyphenols (PPPs) with some other plant polyphenols including punicalagin, ellagic acid, gallic acid, phlorizin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the lipid metabolism regulation, and the cholesterol efflux mechanisms of PPPs and punicalagin were also investigated. In this paper, a convenient and accurate in vitro HL7702 steatosis hepatic cell model was applied to evaluate the lipid-lowering effects of the tested polyphenols. The results showed that PPPs possessed the strongest lipid-lowering effects. Prevention group (treated with polyphenols when establishing of steatosis model) was more effective than treatment group (treated with polyphenols after establishment of steatosis model). Punicalagin displayed the strongest lipid-lowering effects among all the tested components of pomegranate peel polyphenols. Moreover, PPPs and punicalagin (10, 20, 40 μg/mL) significantly increased the mRNA expression of LXRα (Liver X receptor alpha) and its target genes-ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) in a dose-dependent manner in HL7702 steatosis hepatic cells. The high mRNA expression of LXRα and ABCA1, next to lovastatin, was observed in cells treated with 40 μg/mL of PPPs. These in vitro findings suggested that PPPs might have great potential in the clinic treatment of hyperlipemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Xiaoye He
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Ou Lv
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Yujiang Cheng
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Run Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
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NIU HAI, CHAO YU, LI KE, LI JUNXIANG, GONG WEIHONG, HUANG WEN. Robinetinidol-flavone attenuates cholesterol synthesis in hepatoma cells via inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:561-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Effects of Annurca apple polyphenols on lipid metabolism in HepG2 cell lines: A source of nutraceuticals potentially indicated for the metabolic syndrome. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Kim H, Bartley GE, Arvik T, Lipson R, Nah SY, Seo K, Yokoyama W. Dietary supplementation of chardonnay grape seed flour reduces plasma cholesterol concentration, hepatic steatosis, and abdominal fat content in high-fat diet-induced obese hamsters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1919-1925. [PMID: 24517872 DOI: 10.1021/jf404832s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic and antiobesity effects of grape seed flours derived from white and red winemaking processing were investigated using male Golden Syrian hamsters fed high-fat (HF) diets supplemented with 10% partially defatted grape seed flours from Chardonnay (ChrSd), Cabernet Sauvignon (CabSd), or Syrah (SyrSd) pomace as compared to a HF control diet for 3 weeks. Hamsters fed the ChrSd diet had significantly lowered plasma total-, VLDL-, and LDL-cholesterol concentrations compared to the CabSd, SyrSd, and control diets. The improved plasma cholesterol after ChrSd was correlated with the up-regulation of hepatic genes related to cholesterol (CYP51) and bile acid (CYP7A1) synthesis as well as LDL-cholesterol uptake (LDLR). A reduction of hepatic lipid content was associated with altered expression of the genes related to lipid metabolism. However, fecal total lipid content was not changed. Expression of ileal apical sodium bile acid transporter (ASBT) was not affected by ChrSd, indicating unchanged ileal bile acid reabsorption. The antiobesity effect of the ChrSd diet appears to be related to expression of adipogenesis- and inflammation-related genes in adipose tissue. These findings suggest that flavonoid-rich Chardonnay grape seed flour induced cholesterol-lowering, antiobesity, and anti-inflammatory health benefits and attenuation of hepatic steatosis via regulation of gene expression related to cholesterol, bile acid, and lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Zhu R, Li T, Dong Y, Liu Y, Li S, Chen G, Zhao Z, Jia Y. Pectin pentasaccharide from hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge. Var. major) ameliorates disorders of cholesterol metabolism in high-fat diet fed mice. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang J, Nie S, Wang S. Nanoencapsulation enhances epigallocatechin-3-gallate stability and its antiatherogenic bioactivities in macrophages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9200-9. [PMID: 24020822 PMCID: PMC3840090 DOI: 10.1021/jf4023004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We have successfully synthesized (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) encapsulated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCE) and chitosan-coated NLCE (CSNLCE) using natural lipids, surfactant, chitosan, and EGCG. Nanoencapsulation dramatically improved EGCG stability. CSNLCE significantly increased EGCG content in THP-1-derived macrophages compared with nonencapsulated EGCG. As compared to 10 μM nonencapsulated EGCG, both NLCE and CSNLCE at the same concentration significantly decreased macrophage cholesteryl ester content. NLCE and CSNLCE significantly decreased mRNA levels and protein secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in macrophages, respectively. These data suggest that nanoencapsulated EGCG may have a potential to inhibit atherosclerotic lesion development through decreasing macrophage cholesterol content and MCP-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shu Wang
- Address requests for reprints and correspondence to Shu Wang, Nutritional Science Program, Texas Tech University, Box 41240, Lubbock, TX 79409-1240 (S. Wang) Phone: (806) 742-3068, extension 282 Fax: (806) 742-3042
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Tenore GC, Stiuso P, Campiglia P, Novellino E. In vitro hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic potential of white tea polyphenols. Food Chem 2013; 141:2379-84. [PMID: 23870971 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The leaves at different processing stages of a single tea cultivar in order to obtain white (WT), green (GT) and black tea (BT) samples, were analysed. The capacities of tea polyphenolics to influence the glucose and lipid metabolism in HepG2 cell lines were evaluated. WT appeared the most active in reducing the glucose and cholesterol uptake (+17.7% and +32.4% in the glucose and cholesterol cell medium concentration, respectively). Incubation with WT enhanced LDL receptor binding activity by 40% (+20% for GT and +0% for BT) and led to an increase in HDL cell medium concentration of 33.3% (+20% for GT and +0% for BT). Finally, WT revealed the best inhibition capacity against lipase activity, and triglyceride levels in the cell medium increased by 400% (+382.6% for GT and +191.3% for BT). The present study intended to contribute to the little knowledge about the potential health benefits of white tea in individuals affected by metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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Belguith-Hadriche O, Bouaziz M, Jamoussi K, Simmonds MSJ, El Feki A, Makni-Ayedi F. Comparative study on hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant activities of various extracts of fenugreek seeds. Food Chem 2012; 138:1448-53. [PMID: 23411266 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant activities of various extracts (water, methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, dichloro-methane) of fenugreek seeds were investigated in cholesterol-fed rats. Only the ethyl acetate extract reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared with those of rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet (HCD). Furthermore, the content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver, heart and kidney decreased significantly after oral administration of the ethyl acetate extract, compared with those of HCD-fed rats. The phenolic and flavonoïd contents were highest in the methanol and the ethyl acetate extracts. These results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of the fenugreek seeds had a significant hypocholesterolemic effect and antioxidant activity in cholesterol-fed rats, whether this is partly due to the presence of flavonoïds in the extract needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Belguith-Hadriche
- Unité de recherche DGRST 02-08/20, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Tunisia.
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Hirsova P, Kolouchova G, Dolezelova E, Cermanova J, Hyspler R, Kadova Z, Micuda S. Epigallocatechin gallate enhances biliary cholesterol secretion in healthy rats and lowers plasma and liver cholesterol in ethinylestradiol-treated rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 691:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Vuong QV, Tan SP, Stathopoulos CE, Roach PD. Improved extraction of green tea components from teabags using the microwave oven. J Food Compost Anal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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The effects of jiang-zhi-ning and its main components on cholesterol metabolism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:928234. [PMID: 22649479 PMCID: PMC3357595 DOI: 10.1155/2012/928234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To examine how Jiang-Zhi-Ning (JZN) regulates cholesterol metabolism and compare the role of its four main components. We established a beagle model of hyperlipidemia, fed with JZN extract and collected JZN-containing serum 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h later. Human liver cells Bel-7402 were stimulated with 10% JZN-containing serum as well as the four main components of JZN and Atorvastatin. The mRNA expression of LDL receptor (LDL-R), 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoAR), cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1), and acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) was measured by real-time PCR. LDL-R surface expression and LDL-binding and internalization were examined by flow cytometry. The results showed that JZN-containing serum significantly increased the mRNA expression of LDL-R, HMG-CoAR, and CYP7A1 in Bel-7402 cells. All the four components significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of LDL-R and HMG-CoAR and decreased the mRNA and protein expression of ACAT2 in Bel-7402 cells. Hyperinand chrysophanol also markedly increased the mRNA expression of CYP7A1. Stimulation with stilbene glycosidesignificantly increased the surface expression of LDL-R and the binding and internalization of LDL. In conclusion, JZN and its four components have close relationship with the process of cholesterol metabolism, emphasizing their promising application as new drug candidates in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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49
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Liu Y, Bai Q, Lou S, Di D, Li J, Guo M. Adsorption characteristics of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and caffeine in the extract of waste tea on macroporous adsorption resins functionalized with chloromethyl, amino, and phenylamino groups. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1555-1566. [PMID: 22243478 DOI: 10.1021/jf204710h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
According to the Friedel-Crafts and amination reaction, a series of macroporous adsorption resins (MARs) with novel structures were synthesized and identified by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and corresponding adsorption behaviors for (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and caffeine (CAF) extracted from waste tea were systemically investigated. Based on evaluation of adsorption kinetics, the kinetic data were well fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetics. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin-Pyzhev, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms were selected to illustrate the adsorption process of EGCG and CAF on the MARs. Thermodynamic parameters were adopted to explain in-depth information of inherent energetic changes associated with the adsorption process. The effect of temperature on EGCG and CAF adsorption by D101-3 was further expounded. Van der Waals force, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interaction were the main driving forces for the adsorption of EGCG and CAF on the MARs. This study might provide a scientific reference point to aid the industrial large-scale separation and enrichment of EGCG from the extracts of waste tea using modified MARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Ben Khaled H, Ghlissi Z, Chtourou Y, Hakim A, Ktari N, Fatma MA, Barkia A, Sahnoun Z, Nasri M. Effect of protein hydrolysates from sardinelle (Sardinella aurita) on the oxidative status and blood lipid profile of cholesterol-fed rats. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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