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Willans M, Hollings A, Boseley RE, Munyard T, Ellison GC, Hackett MJ. The application of X-ray fluorescence microscopy and micro-XANES spectroscopy to study neuro-metallomics. J Inorg Biochem 2024:112744. [PMID: 39341704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
This early career research highlight provides a review of my own research program over the last decade, a time frame that encompasses my transition from postdoctoral fellowships to independent researcher. As an analytical chemist and applied spectroscopist, the central theme of my research program over this time has been protocol development at synchrotron facilities, with the main objective to investigate brain metal homeostasis during both brain health and brain disease. I will begin my review with an overview of brain metal homeostasis, before introducing analytical challenges associated with its study. I will then provide a brief summary of the two main X-ray techniques I have used to study brain metal homeostasis, X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES). The review then finishes with a summary of my main research contributions using these two techniques, put in the context of the results from others in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Willans
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Ashley Hollings
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Rhiannon E Boseley
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Thomas Munyard
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Gaewyn C Ellison
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Mark J Hackett
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.
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2
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Jiang C, Zhou W, Tu S, Yan J, Yang L. Rhizosphere enrichment and crop utilization of selenium and metals in typical permian soils of Enshi. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142472. [PMID: 38810800 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Enshi, China, is renowned as "Selenium(Se) Capital" where widely distributed soils derived from Permian parent rocks are notably rich in Se, as well as metals, particularly cadmium(Cd). However, the soil enrichment and crop uptake of Se and metals in these high-Se and high-Cd areas are not well understood. To propose the optimal crop planting plan to ensure the safety of agricultural products, we investigated the soils and corresponding typical crops (rice, tea, and maize). The results showed significant soil enrichment of elements, with average contents (mg/kg) as follows: Cr (185), Zn (126), Cu (58.8), Pb (31.1), As (15.7), Se (6.85), Cd (5.41), and Hg (0.211). All soil Se contents were above 0.4 mg/kg, indicating Se-rich soils. Se primarily existed in an organic-bound form, accounting for an average proportion of 61.3%, while Cd was mainly exchangeable, with an average of 62.5%. Cd exhibited higher activity according to the Relative Index of Activity (RIA). Nemerow single-factor index analysis confirmed significant soil contamination, with Cd showing the highest level, followed by Cr and Cu, while Pb had the lowest level. Tea exhibited a high Se rich ratio (82.0%) without exceeding the Cd standard. In contrast, corn and rice had relatively lower Se-rich ratios (42.0% and 51.5% respectively) and high rates of Cd exceeding the standard, at 49.0% and 61.0% respectively. Canonical analysis revealed that rice was more influenced by soil factors related to Se and Cd compared to maize and tea crops. Therefore, tea cultivation in the Enshi Permian soil area is recommended for safe crop production. This study provides insights into the enrichment, fractionation, and bioavailability of soil Se, Cd, and other metals in the high-Se and high-Cd areas of permian stratas in Enshi, offering a scientific basis for selecting local food crops and producing safe Se-rich agricultural products in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Jiang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Soil Pollution Remediation Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Hubei Institute of Geosciences (Hubei Selenium-Rich Industry Research Institute), Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shuxin Tu
- Hubei Provincial Center for Soil Pollution Remediation Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Jiali Yan
- Hubei Institute of Geosciences (Hubei Selenium-Rich Industry Research Institute), Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Liangzhe Yang
- Hubei Institute of Geosciences (Hubei Selenium-Rich Industry Research Institute), Wuhan, 430070, PR China
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3
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Gao S, Zhou M, Xu J, Xu F, Zhang W. The application of organic selenium (SeMet) improve the photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of hybrid rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108457. [PMID: 38428159 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Rice is an important food in the world, and selenium (Se) is a necessary trace element for the human. So the effects of selenomethionine (SeMet) on photosynthetic capacity, yield and quality of rice at different stages were studied. The results show that SeMet can increase the Ppotosynthetic capacity of rice leaves during each growth stage, the effect of 5 mg/L SeMet treatment was the most significant. At the mature stage of rice, SeMet significantly increased rice yield and total plant biomass, 7.5and 5 mg/L SeMet treatments had the most significant effects, respectively. In addition, SeMet significantly improved the content of Se and processing quality of rice, decreased chalkiness, inhibited amylose synthesis, and optimized flavor. The above indices showed the best results after treatment with 5 mg/L SeMet. It is hoped that this study will provide a theoretical basis for the application of organic selenium in rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Gao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
| | - Meng Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
| | - Jinghua Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
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Bjørklund G, Shanaida M, Lysiuk R, Antonyak H, Klishch I, Shanaida V, Peana M. Selenium: An Antioxidant with a Critical Role in Anti-Aging. Molecules 2022; 27:6613. [PMID: 36235150 PMCID: PMC9570904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by an imbalance between damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidative defenses of the organism. As a significant nutritional factor, the trace element selenium (Se) may remodel gradual and spontaneous physiological changes caused by oxidative stress, potentially leading to disease prevention and healthy aging. Se is involved in improving antioxidant defense, immune functions, and metabolic homeostasis. An inadequate Se status may reduce human life expectancy by accelerating the aging process or increasing vulnerability to various disorders, including immunity dysfunction, and cancer risk. This review highlights the available studies on the effective role of Se in aging mechanisms and shows the potential clinical implications related to its consumption. The main sources of organic Se and the advantages of its nanoformulations were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Mariia Shanaida
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Halyna Antonyak
- Department of Ecology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Ivan Klishch
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Shanaida
- Design of Machine Tools, Instruments and Machines Department, Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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5
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Zhou JR, Kaur G, Ma Y, Arutyunov D, Lu X, Le XC, Leslie EM. Biliary excretion of arsenic by human HepaRG cells is stimulated by selenide and mediated by the multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2). Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114799. [PMID: 34678219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are exposed to unacceptable levels of arsenic, a proven human carcinogen, in drinking water. In animal models, arsenic and selenium are mutually protective through formation and biliary excretion of seleno-bis (S-glutathionyl) arsinium ion [(GS)2AsSe]-. Selenium-deficient humans living in arsenic-endemic regions are at increased risk of arsenic-induced diseases, and may benefit from selenium supplementation. The influence of selenium on human arsenic hepatobiliary transport has not been studied using optimal human models. HepaRG cells, a surrogate for primary human hepatocytes, were used to investigate selenium (selenite, selenide, selenomethionine, and methylselenocysteine) effects on arsenic hepatobiliary transport. Arsenite + selenite and arsenite + selenide at different molar ratios revealed mutual toxicity antagonism, with the latter being higher. Significant levels of arsenic biliary excretion were detected with a biliary excretion index (BEI) of 14 ± 8%, which was stimulated to 32 ± 7% by selenide. Consistent with the formation and biliary efflux of [(GS)2AsSe]-, arsenite increased the BEI of selenide from 0% to 24 ± 5%. Arsenic biliary excretion was lost in the presence of selenite, selenomethionine, and methylselenocysteine. Sinusoidal export of arsenic was stimulated ∼1.6-fold by methylselenocysteine, but unchanged by other selenium forms. Arsenic canalicular and sinusoidal transport (±selenide) was temperature- and GSH-dependent and inhibited by MK571. Knockdown experiments revealed that multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) accounted for all detectable biliary efflux of arsenic (±selenide). Overall, the chemical form of selenium and human MRP2 strongly influenced arsenic hepatobiliary transport, information critical for human selenium supplementation in arsenic-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Zhou
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Canada; Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Gurnit Kaur
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Canada; Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Yingze Ma
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Denis Arutyunov
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiufen Lu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - X Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Elaine M Leslie
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Canada; Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Canada.
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6
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Hu M, Ren Y. Lewis acid-promoted formation of benzoselenazole derivatives using SeO 2 as a selenium source. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6692-6696. [PMID: 34286789 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01070k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new one-pot method of using both ortho-inactivated anilines and acetophenones (or methylquinolines) which possess an active H in the α-position of ketones (or benzyl positions) as starting materials to make benzoselenazole derivatives has been developed, which uses SeO2 as a selenium agent. This method first establishes SeO2 as a source of selenium to form benzoselenazole derivatives, which enriches the synthesis method of benzoselenazole. This method has several advantages, including good yields, simple operation, and availability of raw materials. Furthermore, the reaction could be easily scaled and its practical value in organic synthesis is displayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Hu
- Law School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing City, Jiangsu 210093, China.
| | - Yaokun Ren
- Pharmacy School, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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7
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Hollings AL, Lam V, Takechi R, Mamo JCL, Reinhardt J, de Jonge MD, Kappen P, Hackett MJ. Revealing differences in the chemical form of zinc in brain tissue using K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. Metallomics 2020; 12:2134-2144. [PMID: 33300524 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00198h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is a prominent trace metal required for normal memory function. Memory loss and cognitive decline during natural ageing and neurodegenerative disease have been associated with altered brain-Zn homeostasis. Yet, the exact chemical pathways through which Zn influences memory function during health, natural ageing, or neurodegenerative disease remain unknown. The gap in the literature may in part be due to the difficulty to simultaneously image, and therefore, study the different chemical forms of Zn within the brain (or biological samples in general). To this extent, we have begun developing and optimising protocols that incorporate X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopic analysis of tissue at the Zn K-edge as an analytical tool to study Zn speciation in the brain. XANES is ideally suited for this task as all chemical forms of Zn are detected, the technique requires minimal sample preparation that may otherwise redistribute or alter the chemical form of Zn, and the Zn K-edge has known sensitivity to coordination geometry and ligand type. Herein, we report our initial results where we fit K-edge spectra collected from micro-dissected flash-frozen brain tissue, to a spectral library prepared from standard solutions, to demonstrate differences in the chemical form of Zn that exist between two brain regions, the hippocampus and cerebellum. Lastly, we have used an X-ray microprobe to demonstrate differences in Zn speciation within sub-regions of thin air-dried sections of the murine hippocampus; but, the corresponding results highlight that the chemical form of Zn is easily perturbed by sample preparation such as tissue sectioning or air-drying, which must be a critical consideration for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Hollings
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
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8
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Kaur G, Ponomarenko O, Zhou JR, Swanlund DP, Summers KL, Dolgova NV, Antipova O, Pickering IJ, George GN, Leslie EM. Studies of selenium and arsenic mutual protection in human HepG2 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 327:109162. [PMID: 32524993 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are exposed to unacceptable levels of carcinogenic inorganic arsenic. Animal models have shown that selenium and arsenic are mutually protective through the formation and elimination of the seleno-bis(S-glutathionyl) arsinium ion [(GS)2AsSe]-. Consistent with this, human selenium deficiency in arsenic-endemic regions is associated with arsenic-induced disease, leading to the initiation of human selenium supplementation trials. In contrast to the protective effect observed in vivo, in vitro studies have suggested that selenite increases arsenite cellular retention and toxicity. This difference might be explained by the rapid conversion of selenite to selenide in vivo. In the current study, selenite did not protect the human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line against the toxicity of arsenite at equimolar concentrations, however selenide increased the IC50 by 2.3-fold. Cytotoxicity assays of arsenite + selenite and arsenite + selenide at different molar ratios revealed higher overall mutual antagonism of arsenite + selenide toxicity than arsenite + selenite. Despite this protective effect, in comparison to 75Se-selenite, HepG2 cells in suspension were at least 3-fold more efficient at accumulating selenium from reduced 75Se-selenide, and its accumulation was further increased by arsenite. X-ray fluorescence imaging of HepG2 cells also showed that arsenic accumulation, in the presence of selenide, was higher than in the presence of selenite. These results are consistent with a greater intracellular availability of selenide relative to selenite for protection against arsenite, and the formation and retention of a less toxic product, possibly [(GS)2AsSe]-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurnit Kaur
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Olena Ponomarenko
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Janet R Zhou
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Diane P Swanlund
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kelly L Summers
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Natalia V Dolgova
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Olga Antipova
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Elaine M Leslie
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Jha AB, Warkentin TD. Biofortification of Pulse Crops: Status and Future Perspectives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E73. [PMID: 31935879 PMCID: PMC7020478 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biofortification through plant breeding is a sustainable approach to improve the nutritional profile of food crops. The majority of the world's population depends on staple food crops; however, most are low in key micronutrients. Biofortification to improve the nutritional profile of pulse crops has increased importance in many breeding programs in the past decade. The key micronutrients targeted have been iron, zinc, selenium, iodine, carotenoids, and folates. In recent years, several biofortified pulse crops including common beans and lentils have been released by HarvestPlus with global partners in developing countries, which has helped in overcoming micronutrient deficiency in the target population. This review will focus on recent research advances and future strategies for the biofortification of pulse crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas D. Warkentin
- Crop Development Centre/Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
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10
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Smits JE, Krohn RM, Akhtar E, Hore SK, Yunus M, Vandenberg A, Raqib R. Food as medicine: Selenium enriched lentils offer relief against chronic arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108561. [PMID: 31299617 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic (As) exposure is a major environmental threat to human health affecting >100 million people worldwide. Low blood selenium (Se) increases the risk of As-induced health problems. Our aim was to reduce As toxicity through a naturally Se-rich lentil diet. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-control trial in Bangladesh, 405 participants chronically exposed to As were enrolled. The intervention arm (Se-group) consumed Se-rich lentils (55 μg Se/day); the control arm received lentils of similar nutrient profile except with low Se (1.5 μg Se/day). Anthropometric measurements, blood, urine and stool samples, were taken at baseline, 3 and 6 months; hair at baseline and 6 months after intervention. Morbidity data were collected fortnightly. Measurements included total As in all biological samples, As metabolites in urine, and total Se in blood and urine. Intervention with Se-rich lentils resulted in higher urinary As excretion (p = 0.001); increased body mass index (p ≤ 0.01), and lower incidence of asthma (p = 0.05) and allergy (p = 0.02) compared to the control group. The Se-group demonstrated increased excretion of urinary As metabolite, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) at 6 months compared to control group (p = 0.008). Consuming Se-rich lentils can increase As excretion and improve the health indicators in the presence of continued As exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit E Smits
- Department of Ecosystem & Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Regina M Krohn
- Department of Ecosystem & Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Evana Akhtar
- Infectious Diseases Division, Icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Samar Kumar Hore
- Infectious Diseases Division, Icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yunus
- Infectious Diseases Division, Icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Infectious Diseases Division, Icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
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11
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Prange A, Sari M, von Ameln S, Hajdu C, Hambitzer R, Ellinger S, Hormes J. Characterization of selenium speciation in selenium-enriched button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) and selenized yeasts (dietary supplement) using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 51:164-168. [PMID: 30466927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element for which dietary intake is not sufficient in many parts of the world such as in Europe. Yeast and mushrooms may accumulate considerable amounts of selenium, but the chemical form in mushrooms has not been elucidated yet. Thus, we determined the selenium speciation of selenium-enriched button mushrooms in comparison to that of selenized yeast via Se K-edge XANES spectroscopy. Quantitative analysis of the XANES spectra revealed that the selenium in selenized yeast is mainly present as seleno-methionine but that in selenium-enriched button mushrooms, it is present predominantly as Se-methyl-l-selenocysteine. As this form is highly bioavailable and directly enters the selenium metabolic pool, selenium-enriched mushrooms may be a good food choice to improve selenium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Prange
- Competence Center for Applied Mycology and Environmental Studies, Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Rheydter Str. 277, D-41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany; The J. Bennett Johnston, Sr., Center for Advanced Microstructures & Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, 6980 Jefferson Highway, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Institute for Virology and Microbiology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Stockumer Str. 10, D-58453 Witten, Germany.
| | - Miriam Sari
- Competence Center for Applied Mycology and Environmental Studies, Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Rheydter Str. 277, D-41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Susanne von Ameln
- Competence Center for Applied Mycology and Environmental Studies, Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Rheydter Str. 277, D-41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany; Institute for Virology and Microbiology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Stockumer Str. 10, D-58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Csaba Hajdu
- BioFungi kft, 2338 Áporka, Szabadság telep 030/10, Hungary
| | - Reinhard Hambitzer
- Competence Center for Applied Mycology and Environmental Studies, Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Rheydter Str. 277, D-41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Sabine Ellinger
- Competence Center for Applied Mycology and Environmental Studies, Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Rheydter Str. 277, D-41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Josef Hormes
- The J. Bennett Johnston, Sr., Center for Advanced Microstructures & Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, 6980 Jefferson Highway, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Institute of Physics, University of Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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12
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Ren Y, Xu B, Zhong Z, Pittman CU, Zhou A. Synthesis of ArSe‐Substituted Aniline Derivatives by C(sp
2
)‐H Functionalization. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaokun Ren
- Pharmacy SchoolJiangsu University Xuefu Road 301 Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 P. R. China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Pharmacy SchoolJiangsu University Xuefu Road 301 Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zhong
- Pharmacy SchoolJiangsu University Xuefu Road 301 Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 P. R. China
| | - Charles U. Pittman
- Department of ChemistryMississippi State University Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Aihua Zhou
- Pharmacy SchoolJiangsu University Xuefu Road 301 Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 P. R. China
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Liu Y, Jing Z, Zhang T, Chen Q, Qiu F, Peng Y, Tang S. Fabrication of functional biomass carbon aerogels derived from sisal fibers for application in selenium extraction. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Diet composition and serum levels of selenium species: A cross-sectional study. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 115:482-490. [PMID: 29621579 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is a trace element of both nutritional and toxicological interest, depending on its dose and chemical form. Diet is the primary source of exposure for most individuals. We sought to investigate the influence of food intake on serum levels of selenium species. Among fifty subjects randomly selected from a Northern Italian population, we assessed dietary habits using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We also measured circulating levels of selenium species in serum using high pressure liquid chromatography associated with inductively-coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometer. Circulating levels of inorganic selenium, the most toxic selenium species, were positively associated with intake of fish, legumes and dry fruits, and inversely associated with intake of dairy products and mushrooms. Concerning the organic selenium species, selenoproteinP-bound selenium was inversely associated with intake of fish, fresh fruits, vegetables, and legumes, while selenocysteine-bound selenium positively associated with intake of fresh fruit, potato, legume and mushroom. In the present study, intakes of different foods were correlated with different types of selenium species. These results have important public health implications when assessing the nutritional and toxicological potential of diet composition with reference to selenium exposure.
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Thavarajah D, Abare A, Mapa I, Coyne CJ, Thavarajah P, Kumar S. Selecting Lentil Accessions for Global Selenium Biofortification. PLANTS 2017; 6:plants6030034. [PMID: 28846602 PMCID: PMC5620590 DOI: 10.3390/plants6030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The biofortification of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus.) has the potential to provide adequate daily selenium (Se) to human diets. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine how low-dose Se fertilizer application at germination affects seedling biomass, antioxidant activity, and Se uptake of 26 cultivated lentil genotypes; and (2) quantify the seed Se concentration of 191 lentil wild accessions grown in Terbol, Lebanon. A germination study was conducted with two Se treatments [0 (control) and 30 kg of Se/ha] with three replicates. A separate field study was conducted in Lebanon for wild accessions without Se fertilizer. Among cultivated lentil accessions, PI533690 and PI533693 showed >100% biomass increase vs. controls. Se addition significantly increased seedling Se uptake, with the greatest uptake (6.2 µg g−1) by PI320937 and the least uptake (1.1 µg g−1) by W627780. Seed Se concentrations of wild accessions ranged from 0 to 2.5 µg g−1; accessions originating from Syria (0–2.5 µg g−1) and Turkey (0–2.4 µg g−1) had the highest seed Se. Frequency distribution analysis revealed that seed Se for 63% of accessions was between 0.25 and 0.75 µg g−1, and thus a single 50 g serving of lentil has the potential to provide adequate dietary Se (20–60% of daily recommended daily allowance). As such, Se application during plant growth for certain lentil genotypes grown in low Se soils may be a sustainable Se biofortification solution to increase seed Se concentration. Incorporating a diverse panel of lentil wild germplasm into Se biofortification programs will increase genetic diversity for effective genetic mapping for increased lentil seed Se nutrition and plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dil Thavarajah
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, 270 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Alex Abare
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, 270 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Indika Mapa
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, 270 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Clarice J Coyne
- USDA Agriculture Research Service, Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6434, USA.
| | | | - Shiv Kumar
- Biodiversity and Integrated Gene Management Program, International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box 6299, Rabat-Institute, Rabat, Morocco.
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López-Carrillo L, Gamboa-Loira B, Becerra W, Hernández-Alcaraz C, Hernández-Ramírez RU, Gandolfi AJ, Franco-Marina F, Cebrián ME. Dietary micronutrient intake and its relationship with arsenic metabolism in Mexican women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:445-450. [PMID: 27565879 PMCID: PMC5457700 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs) metabolites in urine present intra- and interindividual variations, which are determined not only by the magnitude of exposure to iAs, but also by differences in genetic, environmental and dietary factors. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether differences in dietary intake of selected micronutrients are associated with the metabolism of iAs. METHODS The intake of 21 micronutrients was estimated for 1027 women living in northern Mexico using a food frequency questionnaire. Concentration of urinary metabolites of iAs was determined by high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) and the proportion of iAs metabolites was calculated (%iAs, monomethylarsonic acid [%MMA] and dimethylarsinic acid [%DMA]), as well as ratios corresponding to the first (MMA/iAs), second (DMA/MMA) and total methylation (DMA/iAs). RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, it was found that methionine, choline, folate, vitamin B12, Zn, Se and vitamin C favor elimination of iAs mainly by decreasing the %MMA and/or increasing %DMA in urine. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that diet contributes to the efficiency of iAs elimination. Further studies are needed to assess the feasibility of dietary interventions that modulate the metabolism of iAs and the consequent risk of diseases related to its exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P., 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Brenda Gamboa-Loira
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P., 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Wendy Becerra
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P., 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - César Hernández-Alcaraz
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P., 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Ulises Hernández-Ramírez
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P., 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - A Jay Gandolfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Francisco Franco-Marina
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calz. Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, C.P. 14080, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Mariano E Cebrián
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, D.F., Mexico.
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Kumar J, Gupta DS, Kumar S, Gupta S, Singh NP. Current Knowledge on Genetic Biofortification in Lentil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6383-96. [PMID: 27507630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency in the human body, popularly known as "hidden hunger", causes many health problems. It presently affects >2 billion people worldwide, especially in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Biofortification of food crop varieties is one way to combat the problem of hidden hunger using conventional plant breeding and transgenic methods. Lentils are rich sources of protein, micronutrients, and vitamins including iron, zinc, selenium, folates, and carotenoids. Lentil genetic resources including germplasm and wild species showed genetic variability for these traits. Studies revealed that a single serving of lentils could provide a significant amount of the recommended daily allowance of micronutrients and vitamins for adults. Therefore, lentils have been identified as a food legume for biofortification, which could provide a whole food solution to the global micronutrient malnutrition. The present review discusses the current ongoing efforts toward genetic biofortification in lentils using classical breeding and molecular marker-assisted approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208024, India
| | - Debjyoti Sen Gupta
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208024, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat-Institutes , B.P. 6299, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- AICRP on MULLaRP, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208024, India
| | - Narendra Pratap Singh
- Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208024, India
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Krohn RM, Raqib R, Akhtar E, Vandenberg A, Smits JEG. A high-selenium lentil dietary intervention in Bangladesh to counteract arsenic toxicity: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:218. [PMID: 27121115 PMCID: PMC4848822 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Millions of people worldwide are exposed to dangerous levels of arsenic (above the WHO water standard of 10 ppb) in drinking water and food. Lack of nutritious foods exacerbates the adverse health effects of arsenic poisoning. The micronutrient selenium is a known antagonist to arsenic, promoting the excretion of arsenic from the body. Studies are in progress examining the potential of using selenium supplement pills to counteract arsenic toxicity. We are planning a clinical trial to test whether high-selenium lentils, as a whole food solution, can improve the health of arsenic-exposed Bangladeshi villagers. Methods/design A total of 400 participants (about 80 families) will be divided into two groups via computer-generated block randomization. Eligibility criteria are age (≥14) years) and arsenic concentration in the household tube well (≥100 ppb). In this double-blind study, one group will eat high-selenium lentils grown in western Canada; the other will consume low-selenium lentils grown in Idaho, USA. Each participant will consume 65 g of lentils each day for 6 months. At the onset, midterm, and end of the trial, blood, urine and stool, plus hair (day 1 and at 6 months only) samples will be collected and a health examination conducted including assessment of acute lung inflammation, body mass and height, and blood pressure. The major outcome will be arsenic excretion in urine and feces, as well as arsenic deposition in hair and morbidity outcomes as assessed by a biweekly questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include antioxidant status, lipid profile, lung inflammation status, and blood pressure. Discussion Selenium pills as a treatment for arsenic exposure are costly and inconvenient, whereas a whole food approach to lower the toxic burden of arsenic may be a practical remedy for Bangladeshi people while efforts to provide safe drinking water are continuing. If high-selenium lentils prove to be effective in counteracting arsenic toxicity, agronomic partnerships between Canada and Bangladesh will work to improve the selenium content of the Bangladeshi-grown lentil crops. Results will be presented to the community to promote informed food choices, which may include increasing selenium in their diet. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02429921 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1344-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Krohn
- Department of Ecosystem & Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Evana Akhtar
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada.
| | - Judit E G Smits
- Department of Ecosystem & Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
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Kouris-Blazos A, Belski R. Health benefits of legumes and pulses with a focus on Australian sweet lupins. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2016; 25:1-17. [PMID: 26965756 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12763-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The 68th United Nations General Assembly declared 2016 the International Year of Pulses. Therefore it is timely to review the current evidence of the benefits of legumes for human health with a focus on Australian sweet lupins. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Medline, Pubmed, Cochrane library were searched to identify cross-sectional/epidemiological studies, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews. RESULTS The strongest evidence appears to be for links between eating legumes and reduced risk of colorectal cancer as well as eating soy foods and reduced LDL cholesterol. However, epidemiological studies and RCTs suggest that replacing several meat-based meals a week with legumes can have a positive impact on longevity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and weight management, potentially via favourable effects on the gut microbiome. Sweet lupins are unique among legumes with one of the highest combined amounts of digestible plant protein (38%) and dietary fibre (30%). Unlike other legumes, their low amount of anti-nutritional factors negates the need for soaking/cooking and they can therefore be eaten uncooked. Sweet lupins may lower blood pressure, improve blood lipids and insulin sensitivity and favourably alter the gut microbiome. There is growing interest in pulses, especially sweet lupins, as ingredients to improve the nutritional value of baked goods (particularly gluten free) and to create novel products to replace meat. CONCLUSION Legumes form part of most traditional diets. They, including sweet lupins, can play a useful role in health maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigone Kouris-Blazos
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia. ;
| | - Regina Belski
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Thavarajah D, Thavarajah P, Vial E, Gebhardt M, Lacher C, Kumar S, Combs GF. Will selenium increase lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) yield and seed quality? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:356. [PMID: 26042141 PMCID: PMC4436683 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), a nutritious traditional pulse crop, has been experiencing a declining area of production in South East Asia, due to lower yields, and marginal soils. The objective of this study was to determine whether selenium (Se) fertilization can increase lentil yield, productivity, and seed quality (both seed Se concentration and speciation). Selenium was provided to five lentil accessions as selenate or selenite by foliar or soil application at rates of 0, 10, 20, or 30 kg Se/ha and the resulting lentil biomass, grain yield, seed Se concentration, and Se speciation was determined. Seed Se concentration was measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) after acid digestion. Seed Se speciation was measured using ICP-mass spectrometry with a high performance liquid chromatography (ICP-MS-LC) system. Foliar application of Se significantly increased lentil biomass (5586 vs. 7361 kg/ha), grain yield (1732 vs. 2468 kg /ha), and seed Se concentrations (0.8 vs. 2.4 μg/g) compared to soil application. In general, both application methods and both forms of Se increased concentrations of organic Se forms (selenocysteine and selenomethionine) in lentil seeds. Not surprisingly, the high yielding CDC Redberry had the highest levels of biomass and grain yield of all varieties evaluated. Eston, ILL505, and CDC Robin had the greatest responses to Se fertilization with respect to both grain yield, seed Se concentration and speciation; thus, use of these varieties in areas with low-Se soils might require Se fertilization to reach yield potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dil Thavarajah
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SCUSA
| | - Pushparajah Thavarajah
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SCUSA
| | - Eric Vial
- North Dakota State University, Fargo, NDUSA
| | | | - Craig Lacher
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, The Agricultural Research Service/United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks, NDUSA
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Biodiversity and Integrated Gene Management Program, International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas, RabatMorocco
| | - Gerald F. Combs
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, The Agricultural Research Service/United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks, NDUSA
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21
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Abstract
The essential trace element, selenium (Se), has multiple biological activities, which depend on the level of Se intake. Relatively low Se intakes determine the expression of selenoenzymes in which it serves as an essential constituent. Higher intakes have been shown to have anti-tumorigenic potential; and very high Se intakes can produce adverse effects. This hierarchy of biological activities calls for biomarkers informative at different levels of Se exposure. Some Se-biomarkers, such as the selenoproteins and particularly GPX3 and SEPP1, provide information about function directly and are of value in identifying nutritional Se deficiency and tracking responses of deficient individuals to Se-treatment. They are useful under conditions of Se intake within the range of regulated selenoprotein expression, e.g., for humans <55 μg/day and for animals <20 μg/kg diet. Other Se-biomarkers provide information indirectly through inferences based on Se levels of foods, tissues, urine or feces. They can indicate the likelihood of deficiency or adverse effects, but they do not provide direct evidence of either condition. Their value is in providing information about Se status over a wide range of Se intake, particularly from food forms. There is need for additional Se biomarkers particularly for assessing Se status in non-deficient individuals for whom the prospects of cancer risk reduction and adverse effects risk are the primary health considerations. This would include determining whether supranutritional intakes of Se may be required for maximal selenoprotein expression in immune surveillance cells. It would also include developing methods to determine low molecular weight Se-metabolites, i.e., selenoamino acids and methylated Se-metabolites, which to date have not been detectable in biological specimens. Recent analytical advances using tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry suggest prospects for detecting these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald F Combs
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2420 2nd Ave N Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
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22
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El-Ramady H, Abdalla N, Alshaal T, El-Henawy A, Faizy SEDA, Shams MS, Shalaby T, Bayoumi Y, Elhawat N, Shehata S, Sztrik A, Prokisch J, Fári M, Pilon-Smits EA, Domokos-Szabolcsy É. Selenium and its Role in Higher Plants. POLLUTANTS IN BUILDINGS, WATER AND LIVING ORGANISMS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19276-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Skröder HM, Hamadani JD, Tofail F, Persson LÅ, Vahter ME, Kippler MJ. Selenium status in pregnancy influences children's cognitive function at 1.5 years of age. Clin Nutr 2014; 34:923-30. [PMID: 25444556 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Selenium deficiency has been shown to affect the neurological development in animals, but human research in this area is scarce. We aimed to assess the impact of selenium status during pregnancy on child development at 1.5 years of age. METHODS This prospective cohort study was nested into a food and micronutrient supplementation trial (MINIMat) conducted in rural Bangladesh. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, we measured selenium concentrations in erythrocyte fraction of blood collected from 750 mothers at gestational week 30, and calculated μg per g hemoglobin. A revised version of Bayley Scales of Infant Development was used to assess children's mental and psychomotor development. A Bangladeshi version of MacArthur's Communicative Development Inventory was used to assess language comprehension and expression. Linear regression analyses adjusted for multiple covariates were used to assess the associations. RESULTS Maternal erythrocyte selenium concentrations varied considerably, from 0.19 to 0.87 μg/g hemoglobin (median 0.46 μg/g hemoglobin), and were associated with developmental measures. An increase in erythrocyte selenium by 0.50 μg/g hemoglobin was associated with an increase in children's language comprehension by 3.7 points (0.5 standard deviations; 95% confidence interval: 0.40, 7.1; p = 0.028). The same increase in erythrocyte selenium corresponded to an increase in the girls' psychomotor development by 12 points (0.9 standard deviation; 95% confidence interval: 4.3, 19; p = 0.002), but much less in boys. CONCLUSIONS Low prenatal selenium status seems to be disadvantageous for children's psychomotor and language development. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Skröder
- Unit of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jena D Hamadani
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Tofail
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Lars Åke Persson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie E Vahter
- Unit of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria J Kippler
- Unit of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pushie MJ, Pickering I, Korbas M, Hackett MJ, George GN. Elemental and chemically specific X-ray fluorescence imaging of biological systems. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8499-541. [PMID: 25102317 PMCID: PMC4160287 DOI: 10.1021/cr4007297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jake Pushie
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Ingrid
J. Pickering
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Toxicology
Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Malgorzata Korbas
- Canadian
Light Source Inc., 44
Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
- Department
of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University
of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Graham N. George
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Research Group, Department of Geological
Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Toxicology
Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
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Rahman M, Erskine W, Zaman M, Thavarajah P, Thavarajah D, Siddique K. Selenium biofortification in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris): Farmers' field survey and genotype×environment effect. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Shao S, Mi X, Ouerdane L, Lobinski R, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A, Vass A, Dernovics M. Quantification of Se-Methylselenocysteine and Its γ-Glutamyl Derivative from Naturally Se-Enriched Green Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris vulgaris) After HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS and Orbitrap MS n -Based Identification. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Treating chronic arsenic toxicity with high selenium lentil diets. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:256-62. [PMID: 23800687 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) toxicity causes serious health problems in humans, especially in the Indo-Gangetic plains and mountainous areas of China. Selenium (Se), an essential micronutrient is a potential mitigator of As toxicity due to its antioxidant and antagonistic properties. Selenium is seriously deficient in soils world-wide but is present at high, yet non-toxic levels in the great plains of North America. We evaluate the potential of dietary Se in counteracting chronic As toxicity in rats through serum biochemistry, blood glutathione levels, immunotoxicity (antibody response), liver peroxidative stress, thyroid response and As levels in tissues and excreta. To achieve this, we compare diets based on high-Se Saskatchewan (SK) lentils versus low-Se lentils from United States. Rats drank control (0ppm As) or As (40ppm As) water while consuming SK lentils (0.3ppm Se) or northwestern USA lentils (<0.01ppm Se) diets for 14weeks. Rats on high Se diets had higher glutathione levels regardless of As exposure, recovered antibody responses in As-exposed group, higher fecal and urinary As excretion and lower renal As residues. Selenium deficiency caused greater hepatic peroxidative damage in the As exposed animals. Thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), were not different. After 14weeks of As exposure, health indicators in rats improved in response to the high Se lentil diets. Our results indicate that high Se lentils have a potential to mitigate As toxicity in laboratory mammals, which we hope will translate into benefits for As exposed humans.
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Differential responses to selenomethionine supplementation by sex and genotype in healthy adults. Br J Nutr 2012; 107:1514-25. [PMID: 21936966 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511004715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A year-long intervention trial was conducted to characterise the responses of multiple biomarkers of Se status in healthy American adults to supplemental selenomethionine (SeMet) and to identify factors affecting those responses. A total of 261 men and women were randomised to four doses of Se (0, 50, 100 or 200 μg/d as L-SeMet) for 12 months. Responses of several biomarkers of Se status (plasma Se, serum selenoprotein P (SEPP1), plasma glutathione peroxidase activity (GPX3), buccal cell Se, urinary Se) were determined relative to genotype of four selenoproteins (GPX1, GPX3, SEPP1, selenoprotein 15), dietary Se intake and parameters of single-carbon metabolism. Results showed that supplemental SeMet did not affect GPX3 activity or SEPP1 concentration, but produced significant, dose-dependent increases in the Se contents of plasma, urine and buccal cells, each of which plateaued by 9-12 months and was linearly related to effective Se dose (μg/d per kg0·75). The increase in urinary Se excretion was greater for women than men, and for individuals of the GPX1 679 T/T genotype than for those of the GPX1 679 C/C genotype. It is concluded that the most responsive Se-biomarkers in this non-deficient cohort were those related to body Se pools: plasma, buccal cell and urinary Se concentrations. Changes in plasma Se resulted from increases in its non-specific component and were affected by both sex and GPX1 genotype. In a cohort of relatively high Se status, the Se intake (as SeMet) required to support plasma Se concentration at a target level (Se(pl-target)) is: Se(in) = [(Se(pl - target) - Se(pl))/(18.2ng d kg⁰.⁷⁵/ml per mu g)] .
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29
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Wu B, Becker JS. Imaging techniques for elements and element species in plant science. Metallomics 2012; 4:403-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt00002d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Phytic acid and mineral micronutrients in field-grown chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars from western Canada. Eur Food Res Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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The Soil Microbial Community and Grain Micronutrient Concentration of Historical and Modern Hard Red Spring Wheat Cultivars Grown Organically and Conventionally in the Black Soil Zone of the Canadian Prairies. SUSTAINABILITY 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/su3030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Thavarajah D, Thavarajah P, Sarker A, Materne M, Vandemark G, Shrestha R, Idrissi O, Hacikamiloglu O, Bucak B, Vandenberg A. A global survey of effects of genotype and environment on selenium concentration in lentils (Lens culinaris L.): Implications for nutritional fortification strategies. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gammelgaard B, Jackson MI, Gabel-Jensen C. Surveying selenium speciation from soil to cell--forms and transformations. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1743-63. [PMID: 20953781 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to present and evaluate the present knowledge of which selenium species are available to the general population in the form of food and common supplements and how these species are metabolized in mammals. The overview of the selenium sources takes a horizontal approach, which encompasses identification of new metabolites in yeast and food of plant and animal origin, whereas the survey of the mammalian metabolism takes a horizontal as well as a vertical approach. The vertical approach encompasses studies on dynamic conversions of selenium compounds within cells, tissues or whole organisms. New and improved sample preparation, separation and detection methods are evaluated from an analytical chemical perspective to cover the progress in horizontal speciation, whereas the analytical methods for the vertical speciation and the interpretations of the results are evaluated from a biological angle as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Gammelgaard
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Thavarajah D, Thavarajah P, See CT, Vandenberg A. Phytic acid and Fe and Zn concentration in lentil (Lens culinaris L.) seeds is influenced by temperature during seed filling period. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fairweather-Tait SJ, Collings R, Hurst R. Selenium bioavailability: current knowledge and future research requirements. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:1484S-1491S. [PMID: 20200264 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28674j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Information on selenium bioavailability is required to derive dietary recommendations and to evaluate and improve the quality of food products. The need for robust data is particularly important in light of recent suggestions of potential health benefits associated with different intakes of selenium. The issue is not straightforward, however, because of large variations in the selenium content of foods (determined by a combination of geologic/environmental factors and selenium supplementation of fertilizers and animal feedstuffs) and the chemical forms of the element, which are absorbed and metabolized differently. Although most dietary selenium is absorbed efficiently, the retention of organic forms is higher than that of inorganic forms. There are also complications in the assessment and quantification of selenium species within foodstuffs. Often, extraction is only partial, and the process can alter the form or forms present in the food. Efforts to improve, standardize, and make more widely available techniques for species quantification are required. Similarly, reliable and sensitive functional biomarkers of selenium status are required, together with improvements in current biomarker methods. This requirement is particularly important for the assessment of bioavailability, because some functional biomarkers respond differently to the various selenium species. The effect of genotype adds a potential further dimension to the process of deriving bioavailability estimates and underlines the need for further research to facilitate the process of deriving dietary recommendations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Fairweather-Tait
- School of Medicine, Health Policy & Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
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36
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Oger PM, Daniel I, Picard A. In situ Raman and X-ray spectroscopies to monitor microbial activities under high hydrostatic pressure. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1189:113-20. [PMID: 20233376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, monitoring of cells and cellular activities at high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) was mainly limited to ex situ observations. Samples were analyzed prior to and following the depressurization step to evaluate the effect of the pressure treatment. Such ex situ measurements have several drawbacks: (i) it does not allow for kinetic measurements and (ii) the depressurization step often leads to artifactual measurements. Here, we describe recent advances in diamond anvil cell (DAC) technology to adapt it to the monitoring of microbial processes in situ. The modified DAC is asymmetrical, with a single anvil and a diamond window to improve imaging quality and signal collection. Using this novel DAC combined to Raman and X-ray spectroscopy, we monitored the metabolism of glucose by baker's yeast and the reduction of selenite by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in situ under HHP. In situ spectroscopy is also a promising tool to study piezophilic microorganisms.
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Hu X, Wang F, Hanson ML. Selenium concentration, speciation and behavior in surface waters of the Canadian prairies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:5869-5876. [PMID: 19732939 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Similar to the San Joaquin Valley of California, the Canadian prairies are underlain with seleniferous shale and have recently witnessed a significant expansion in irrigated agriculture. The irrigated acreage in the prairies is expected to further increase due to global warming and changes in human use patterns. This raises concerns over potential selenium (Se) contamination in prairie surface waters and risk of adverse biological effects. To test the potential for elevated Se in the prairies, Se concentrations and speciation were examined in surface water, sediments, and sediment porewater in three water bodies in southern Manitoba, Canada, along a north-south transect with a gradient of irrigation and agricultural activities. A selenite addition experiment was also performed in mesocosms in a prairie wetland to assess the risk of increasing Se loading to the prairie waters. Overall, our results indicate that Se concentrations in the prairie waters of southern Manitoba are presently low except during the snowmelt season, that Se speciation is dominated by selenate which is of lower toxicity than selenite, and that if additional selenite is discharged into the prairie waters, it will be quickly removed from the surface water to the sediment. The low Se risk in the Canadian prairies is attributed to high soil drainability and relatively small scale of irrigation at present. The Se problem as being experienced in central California is thus unlikely to occur in surface waters of the Canadian prairies, although Se contamination in ground water is possible should the irrigated acreage continue to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Hu
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Thavarajah D, Thavarajah P, Sarker A, Vandenberg A. Lentils (Lens culinaris Medikus Subspecies culinaris): a whole food for increased iron and zinc intake. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:5413-5419. [PMID: 19459707 DOI: 10.1021/jf900786e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition, the hidden hunger, affects more than 40% of the world's population, and a majority of them are in South and South East Asia and Africa. This study was carried out to determine the potential for iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) biofortification of lentils ( Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris ) to improve human nutrition. Lentils are a common and quick-cooking nutritious staple pulse in many developing countries. We analyzed the total Fe and Zn concentrations of 19 lentil genotypes grown at eight locations for 2 years in Saskatchewan, Canada. It was observed that some genetic variation exists for Fe and Zn concentrations among the lentil lines tested. The total Fe and Zn concentrations ranged from 73 to 90 mg of Fe kg(-1) and from 44 to 54 mg of Zn kg(-1). The calculated percentages of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for Fe and Zn were within the RDA ranges from a 100 g serving of dry lentils. Broad-sense heritability estimates for Fe and Zn concentrations in lentil seed were 64 and 68%, respectively. It was concluded that lentils have great potential as a whole food source of Fe and Zn for people affected by these nutrient deficiencies. This is the first report on the genetic basis for Fe and Zn micronutrient content in lentils. These results provide some understanding of the genetic basis of Fe and Zn concentrations and will allow for the development of potential strategies for genetic biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dil Thavarajah
- Crop Development Centre, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Thavarajah D, Ruszkowski J, Vandenberg A. High potential for selenium biofortification of lentils ( Lens culinaris L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:10747-53. [PMID: 18954072 DOI: 10.1021/jf802307h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial forms of selenium (Se) and their impact on human health are a global topic of interest in public health. We are studying the genetic potential for Se biofortification of pulse crops to improve human nutrition. Lentils ( Lens culinaris L.) are an important protein and carbohydrate food and are a valuable source of essential dietary components and trace elements. We analyzed the total Se concentration of 19 lentil genotypes grown at eight locations for two years in Saskatchewan, Canada. We observed significant genotypic and environmental variation in total Se concentration in lentils and that total Se concentration in lentils ranged between 425 and 673 microg kg(-1), providing 77-122% of the recommended daily intake in 100 g of dry lentils. Over 70% of the Se was present as selenomethionine (SeMet) with a smaller fraction (<20%) as inorganic Se and very small amounts as selenocysteine (SeCys). We found that soils from the locations where the lentils were grown were rich in Se (37-301 microg kg(-1)) and that lentils grown in Saskatchewan have the potential to provide an excellent natural source of this essential element. Our analyses gave us a preliminary understanding of the genetic basis of Se uptake in lentil and indicated that any potential strategy for micronutrient biofortification in lentil will require choice of field locations that minimize the spatial variability of soil Se content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dil Thavarajah
- Crop Development Centre, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Andrahennadi R, Wayland M, Pickering IJ. Speciation of selenium in stream insects using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:7683-7687. [PMID: 18075074 DOI: 10.1021/es071399v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Selenium contamination in the environment is a widespread problem affecting insects and other wildlife. Insects occupy a critical middle link and aid in trophic transfer of selenium in many terrestrial and freshwater food chains, but the mechanisms of selenium uptake through the food chain are poorly understood. In particular, biotransformation of selenium by insects into different chemical forms will greatly influence how toxic or benign the selenium is to that organism or to its predators. We have used X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to identify the chemical form of selenium in insects inhabiting selenium contaminated streams near Hinton, Alberta (Canada). Selenium K near-edge spectra indicate a variability of selenium speciation among the insects that included mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera), caddisflies (Trichoptera), and craneflies (Diptera). Higher percentages of inorganic selenium were observed in primary consumers, detritivores, and filter feeders than in predatory insects. Among the organic forms of selenium, organic selenides constituted a major fraction in most organisms. A species modeled as trimethylselenonium was observed during the pupal stage of caddisflies. These results provide insights into how the insects cope with their toxic cargo, including how the selenium is biotransformed into less toxic forms and how it can be eliminated from the insects. More broadly, this study demonstrates the strengths of XAS to probe the effects of heavy elements at trace levels in insects from the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwandi Andrahennadi
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
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