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Liu Y, Fang C, Lin S, Liu G, Zhang B, Shi H, Dong N, Yang N, Zhang F, Guo X, Liu X. Calculation of Mechanical Properties, Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of CsPbX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I). Molecules 2023; 28:7643. [PMID: 38005365 PMCID: PMC10673478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We utilized a first-principle density functional theory for a comprehensive analysis of CsPbX3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) to explore its physical and chemical properties, including its mechanical behavior, electronic structure and optical properties. Calculations show that all four materials have good stability, modulus of elasticity, hardness and wear resistance. Additionally, CsPbX3 demonstrates a vertical electron leap and serves as a semiconductor material with direct band gaps of 3.600 eV, 3.111 eV, 2.538 eV and 2.085 eV. In examining its optical properties, we observed that the real and imaginary components of the dielectric function exhibit peaks within the low-energy range. Furthermore, the dielectric function gradually decreases as the photon energy increases. The absorption spectrum reveals that the CsPbX3 material exhibits the highest UV light absorption, and as X changes (with the increase in atomic radius within the halogen group of elements), the light absorption undergoes a red shift, becoming stronger and enhancing light utilization. These properties underscore the material's potential for application in microelectronic and optoelectronic device production. Moreover, they provide a theoretical reference for future investigations into CsPbX3 materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China (N.Y.)
| | - Canxiang Fang
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology, Xiangyang 441003, China (X.G.)
| | - Shihe Lin
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China (N.Y.)
| | - Gaihui Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China (N.Y.)
| | - Bohang Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China (N.Y.)
| | - Huihui Shi
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China (N.Y.)
| | - Nan Dong
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China (N.Y.)
| | - Nengxun Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China (N.Y.)
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China (N.Y.)
| | - Xiang Guo
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology, Xiangyang 441003, China (X.G.)
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology, Xiangyang 441003, China (X.G.)
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Akharkhach B, Barhdadi A. Electronic structure and optical properties of Br- and Cl-doped rutile TiO 2 for application in self-cleaning and photovoltaic panel's coatings: first-principle calculations. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-26464-w. [PMID: 36977873 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Development of novel self-cleaning technologies, especially those based on semiconductor photocatalysis system, is one of the most important research problems in environmental cleanup. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a well-known semiconductor photocatalyst that has a strong photocatalytic activity in the ultra-violet part of the spectrum while its photocatalytic efficiency is very limited within the visible range due to its large band gap. In the field of photocatalytic materials, doping is an efficient method to increase the spectral response and promote charge separation. However, the type of dopant is not the only important factor, but also its position in the material lattice. In the present study, we have carried out first-principle calculations based on density functional theory to explore how particular doping configuration, such as Br or Cl doping at an O site, may influence the electronic structure and the charge density distribution within rutile TiO2. Furthermore, optical properties such as the absorption coefficient, the transmittance, and reflectance spectra have also been derived from the calculated complex dielectric function and examined to see whether this doping configuration has any effect on the use of the material as a self-cleaning coating on photovoltaic panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Akharkhach
- Physics of Semiconductors and Solar Energy Research Team, Energy Research Centre, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelfettah Barhdadi
- Physics of Semiconductors and Solar Energy Research Team, Energy Research Centre, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
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Zou Y, Liu X, Wu K, Zhai Y, Li Y. Role of sulphur and chlorine in condensable particulate matter formation during coal combustion. J Hazard Mater 2023; 443:130317. [PMID: 36356518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Condensable particulate matter (CPM) is a major component of primary particulate matter emitted into the atmosphere from stationary sources. However, the factors affecting CPM generation remain unclear. In this study, we systematically investigated the role of sulphur and chlorine in CPM formation during coal combustion. To explore the influence of S, various concentrations of SO2 (0-2000 ppm) were added to the combustion process of high-S coal. The role of Cl in the generation of CPM was revealed by burning coal with a significant difference in the Cl content (0.51-9.70 mg/g). The results show that addition of SO2, especially in SO42-, to the combustion process increases the CPM inorganic fraction content from 5.83 to 48.3 mg/m3. In addition, we speculated that the presence of SO2 may have led post-break oxidation of long-chain alkanes to form esters, especially phthalates. At the same time, in experiments concerning Cl, the opposite trend was observed between S and Cl in the CPM inorganic fraction. As the Cl content in the fuel increased, the S content in the inorganic fraction of CPM gradually decreased. This is because Cl inhibits the conversion of SO2 to SO3, therefore, less S forms CPM as SO3 or as sulphides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zou
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Kui Wu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yunfei Zhai
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yuyang Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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Lee JE, Choi E, Jang CS, Chun HS, Ahn S, Kim BH. Distinguishing Korean and Chinese red pepper powder using inductively coupled plasma and X-ray fluorescence-based analysis. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:1497-1507. [PMID: 34868699 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to distinguish between Korean and Chinese red pepper powder (RPP) using inorganic elemental analysis data combined with orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Elemental concentrations were obtained for 31 Korean and 31 Chinese RPP samples that were collected in Korea. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy detected 11 elements in these samples. Rb and Cl concentrations were selected as the variables which best allowed distinguishing between Korean and Chinese RPP using an S-plot from OPLS-DA. Rb and Cl concentrations in the Korean RPP samples were ≤ 1.6 mg/100 g (measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) and ≤ 215 mg/100 g, respectively. A blind trial demonstrated that Korean RPP containing ≥ 50 g/100 g of Chinese RPP could be identified by applying predetermined ranges of Rb and Cl concentrations, suggesting that analysis of these two elements is a possible approach to distinguish between Korean and Chinese RPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Eunji Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Cheol Seong Jang
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncehon, 24341 Korea
| | - Hyang Sook Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546 Korea
| | - Sangdoo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 Korea
| | - Byung Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
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Zhang Y, Tang Y, Sun J, He B. Theoretical investigations on mechanisms and kinetics of CH 2XO 2 (X=F, Cl) with Cl reaction in the atmosphere. J Mol Model 2020; 26:139. [PMID: 32415545 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-4318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of the CH2XO2 (X=F, Cl) with chlorine radical have been firstly investigated utilizing the BMC-CCSD//B3LYP method. The comprehensive calculations indicate that the association-elimination and SN2 displacement reaction mechanisms existed on the singlet potential energy surface (PES), and H-abstraction and SN2 displacement reaction mechanism existed on the triplet PES for the CH2XO2 (X=F, Cl) + Cl reactions. On the triplet PES, the dominant reactions are production of P3X (CHXO2 (X=F, Cl) + HCl) by direct H-abstraction. On the singlet PES, three energy-rich adducts, IM1X (CH2XOOCl (X=F, Cl)), IM2X (CH2XOClO (X=F, Cl)), and IM3X (CH2(OX)OCl (X=F, Cl)), are produced. RRKM-computed reveals that IM1X (CH2XOOCl (X=F, Cl)) produced by collisional stabilization occupied the reaction T ≤ 500 and 400 K, respectively, while P1X (CHXO (X=F, Cl) + HOCl) are forecasted to be the dominant products at high temperatures. The atmospheric lifetime of CH2FO2 and CH2ClO2 in Cl is around 1.18 and 2.50 weeks, respectively. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) computations imply that IM1X (CH2XOOCl (X=F, Cl)) will photolyze under the sunlight. The current results could guide us to well understand the mechanism of the CH2XO2 (X=F, Cl) + Cl reactions and may be helpful to understand Cl-combustion chemistry. Graphical Abstract Predicted rate constant of the dominant pathways and the total rate constants at 760 Torr, N2 in the temperature region of 200-3000 K for the CH2XO2 (X=F, Cl) + Cl reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photoinduced Functional Materials, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yizhen Tang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Fushun Road 11, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Rare Metal Chemistry, Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Cihu Road 11, Huangshi, 435002, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing He
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, He B, Sun Y. Computational study on mechanisms and kinetics of the atmospheric CF Cl2CH 2O 2 with Cl reaction. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 99:107618. [PMID: 32339900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio BMC-CCSD//B3LYP calculations of the potential energy surfaces (PESs) are associated with the rate constants and branch ratio of products by means of RRKM theories to research the mechanism and product distribution of the CFCl2CH2O2 with Cl reaction. The singlet and triplet PESs of this reaction have been calculated. Addition/elimination and SN2 displacement mechanisms are located on the singlet PES, and SN2 displacement and H-abstraction are located on the triplet PES. P1 (CFCl2CHO + HClO) are expected to the primary products at T ≤ 2400 K, which is by original barrierless Cl addition to the terminal-O atom in CFCl2CH2O2 and then eliminate HClO molecule, and the branch ratio of products rely on collision energy. The H-abstraction products on the triplet PES are the dominant products at higher temperatures. At 298 and 500 K, the total rate constants are not subject to pressure, conversely, the total rate constants presented typical falloff behavior at 1000 and 3000 K. The atmospheric lifetime of CFCl2CH2O2 in Cl is around one day. TD-DFT computations imply that IM1 (CFCl2CH2OOCl) and IM2 (CFCl2CH2OClO) will photolyze under the sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Photoinduced Functional Materials, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, PR China.
| | - Bing He
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Yunxi Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Photoinduced Functional Materials, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, PR China
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Zwiazek JJ, Equiza MA, Karst J, Senorans J, Wartenbe M, Calvo-Polanco M. Role of urban ectomycorrhizal fungi in improving the tolerance of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) seedlings to salt stress. Mycorrhiza 2019; 29:303-312. [PMID: 30982089 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
With large forested urban areas, the city of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, faces high annual costs of replacing trees injured by deicing salts that are commonly used for winter road maintenance. Ectomycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic associations with tree roots that allow trees to tolerate the detrimental effects of polluted soils. Here, we examined mycorrhizal colonization of Pinus contorta by germinating seeds in soils collected from different locations: (1) two urban areas within the city of Edmonton, and (2) an intact pine forest just outside Edmonton. We then tested the responses of seedlings to 0-, 60-, and 90-mM NaCl. Our results showed lower abundance and diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in seedlings colonized with the urban soils compared to those from the pine forest soil. However, when subsequently exposed to NaCl treatments, only seedlings inoculated with one of the urban soils containing fungi from the genera Tuber, Suillus, and Wilcoxina, showed reduced shoot Na accumulation and higher growth rates. Our results indicate that local ectomycorrhizal fungi that are adapted to challenging urban sites may offer a potential suitable source for inoculum for conifer trees designated for plating in polluted urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz J Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 4-42 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Maria A Equiza
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 4-42 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Justine Karst
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 4-42 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Jorge Senorans
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 4-42 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Mark Wartenbe
- City of Edmonton, P.O. Box 2359, Edmonton, AB, T5J 2R7, Canada
| | - Monica Calvo-Polanco
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 4-42 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada.
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Suursoo S, Hill L, Raidla V, Kiisk M, Jantsikene A, Nilb N, Czuppon G, Putk K, Munter R, Koch R, Isakar K. Temporal changes in radiological and chemical composition of Cambrian-Vendian groundwater in conditions of intensive water consumption. Sci Total Environ 2017; 601-602:679-690. [PMID: 28577403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intensive groundwater uptake is a process at the intersection of the anthroposphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. In this study, groundwater uptake on a peninsula where only one aquifer system - the Cambrian-Vendian (CmV) - is available for drinking water uptake is observed for a period of four years for relevant radionuclides and chemical parameters (Cl, Mn, Fe, δ18O). Intensive groundwater uptake from the CmV aquifer system may lead to water inflow either from the sea, through ancient buried valleys or from the under-laying crystalline basement rock which is rich in natural radionuclides. Changes in the geochemical conditions in the aquifer may in turn bring about desorption of Ra from sediment surface. Knowing the hydrogeological background of the wells helps to predict possible changes in water quality which in turn are important for sustainable groundwater management and optimization of water treatment processes. Changes in Cl and Ra concentrations are critical parameters to monitor for sustainable management of the CmV groundwater. Radionuclide activity concentrations in groundwater are often considered rather stable, minimum monitoring frequency of the total indicative dose from drinking water is set at once every ten years. The present study demonstrates that this is not sufficient for ensuring stable drinking water quality in case of aquifer systems as sensitive as the CmV aquifer system. Changes in Cl concentrations can be used as a tool to predict Ra activity concentrations and distribute the production between different wells opening to the same aquifer system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siiri Suursoo
- University of Tartu, Institute of Physics, W. Ostwaldi Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Liie Hill
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Valle Raidla
- Tallinn University of Technology, Institute of Geology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; University of Heidelberg, Institute of Environmental Physics, Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Madis Kiisk
- University of Tartu, Institute of Physics, W. Ostwaldi Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alar Jantsikene
- University of Tartu, Institute of Physics, W. Ostwaldi Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nele Nilb
- Viimsi Vesi Ltd., Nelgi Str. 1, Viimsi parish, 74001 Harju County, Estonia
| | - György Czuppon
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Budaörsi út 45., H-1112 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kaisa Putk
- University of Tartu, Institute of Physics, W. Ostwaldi Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rein Munter
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Rein Koch
- University of Tartu, Institute of Physics, W. Ostwaldi Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Isakar
- University of Tartu, Institute of Physics, W. Ostwaldi Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Rotiroti M, McArthur J, Fumagalli L, Stefania GA, Sacchi E, Bonomi T. Pollutant sources in an arsenic-affected multilayer aquifer in the Po Plain of Italy: Implications for drinking-water supply. Sci Total Environ 2017; 578:502-512. [PMID: 27836337 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In aquifers 160 to 260m deep that used for public water-supply in an area ~150km2 around the town of Cremona, in the Po Plain of Northern Italy, concentrations of arsenic (As) are increasing with time in some wells. The increase is due to drawdown of As-polluted groundwater (As ≤144μg/L) from overlying aquifers at depths 65 to 150m deep in response to large-scale abstraction for public supply. The increase in As threatens drinking-water quality locally, and by inference does so across the entire Po Plain, where natural As-pollution of groundwater (As >10μg/L) is a basin-wide problem. Using new and legacy data for Cl/Br, δ18O/δ2H and other hydrochemical parameters with groundwater from 32 wells, 9 surface waters, a sewage outfall and rainwater, we show that the deep aquifer (160-260m below ground level), which is tapped widely for public water-supply, is partly recharged by seepage from overlying aquifers (65-150m below ground level). Groundwater quality in deep aquifers appears free of anthropogenic influences and typically <10μg/L of As. In contrast, shallow groundwater and surface water in some, not all, areas are affected by anthropogenic contamination and natural As-pollution (As >10μg/L). Outfalls from sewage-treatment plants and black water from septic tanks firstly affect surface waters, which then locally infiltrate shallow aquifers under high channel-stages. Wastewater permeating shallow aquifers carries with it NO3 and SO4 which suppress reduction of iron oxyhydroxides in the aquifer sediments and so suppress the natural release of As to groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rotiroti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, Milan, Italy.
| | - John McArthur
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Letizia Fumagalli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, Milan, Italy
| | - Gennaro A Stefania
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Sacchi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tullia Bonomi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, Milan, Italy
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Camarillo MK, Stringfellow WT, Spier CL, Hanlon JS, Domen JK. Impact of co-digestion on existing salt and nutrient mass balances for a full-scale dairy energy project. J Environ Manage 2013; 128:233-242. [PMID: 23747374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of manure and other agricultural waste streams with subsequent energy production can result in more sustainable dairy operations; however, importation of digester feedstocks onto dairy farms alters previously established carbon, nutrient, and salinity mass balances. Salt and nutrient mass balance must be maintained to avoid groundwater contamination and salination. To better understand salt and nutrient contributions of imported methane-producing substrates, a mass balance for a full-scale dairy biomass energy project was developed for solids, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, chloride, and potassium. Digester feedstocks, consisting of thickened manure flush-water slurry, screened manure solids, sudan grass silage, and feed-waste, were tracked separately in the mass balance. The error in mass balance closure for most elements was less than 5%. Manure contributed 69.2% of influent dry matter while contributing 77.7% of nitrogen, 90.9% of sulfur, and 73.4% of phosphorus. Sudan grass silage contributed high quantities of chloride and potassium, 33.3% and 43.4%, respectively, relative to the dry matter contribution of 22.3%. Five potential off-site co-digestates (egg waste, grape pomace, milk waste, pasta waste, whey wastewater) were evaluated for anaerobic digestion based on salt and nutrient content in addition to bio-methane potential. Egg waste and wine grape pomace appeared the most promising co-digestates due to their high methane potentials relative to bulk volume. Increasing power production from the current rate of 369 kW to the design value of 710 kW would require co-digestion with either 26800 L d(-1) egg waste or 60900 kg d(-1) grape pomace. However, importation of egg waste would more than double nitrogen loading, resulting in an increase of 172% above the baseline while co-digestion with grape pomace would increase potassium by 279%. Careful selection of imported co-digestates and management of digester effluent is required to manage salt and nutrient mass loadings and reduce groundwater impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kay Camarillo
- Civil Engineering Department, School of Engineering & Computer Science, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
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Reisinger T, Newman M, Loring D, Pennell P, Meador K. Antiepileptic drug clearance and seizure frequency during pregnancy in women with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2013; 29:13-8. [PMID: 23911354 PMCID: PMC3775962 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to characterize the magnitude of clearance changes during pregnancy for multiple antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and to assess seizure frequency and factors increasing seizure risk in pregnant women with epilepsy. A retrospective analysis was performed for 115 pregnancies in 95 women with epilepsy followed at the Emory Epilepsy Center between 1999 and 2012. Antiepileptic drug blood levels (ABLs) obtained during routine clinical practice were used to calculate AED clearance at multiple points during pregnancy. Antiepileptic drug doses and seizure activity were also recorded. The data were analyzed for changes in clearance and dose across pregnancy and for an association between ABL and changes in seizure frequency. Significant changes in clearance during pregnancy were observed for lamotrigine (p<0.001) and levetiracetam (p<0.006). Average peak clearance increased by 191% for lamotrigine and 207% for levetiracetam from nonpregnant baseline. Marked variance was present across individual women and also across repeat pregnancies in individual women. Despite increased AED dose across most AEDs, seizures increased in 38.4% of patients during pregnancy. Seizure deterioration was significantly more likely in patients with seizures in the 12 months prior to conception (p<0.001) and those with localization-related epilepsy (p=0.005). When ABL fell >35% from preconception baseline, seizures worsened significantly during the second trimester when controlling for seizure occurrence in the year prior to conception. Substantial pharmacokinetic changes during pregnancy occur with multiple AEDs and may increase seizure risk. Monitoring of AED serum concentrations with dose adjustment is recommended in pregnant women with epilepsy. Further studies are needed for many AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Newman
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - D.W. Loring
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - P.B. Pennell
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - K.J. Meador
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Qi H, Liu X, Wang K, Liu D, Huang L, Liu S, Zhang Q. Subchronic toxicity study of ulvan from Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta) in Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:573-8. [PMID: 24084035 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ulvan extracted from Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta) is a group of sulfated heteropolysaccharide, for simplicity, the sulfated polysaccharide is referred to as ulvan in this paper. To our knowledge, there is no detailed report investigating the toxicity of ulvan. In this study, the subchronic (6 months) toxicity of varying levels of ulvan extracted from U. pertusa was investigated in Wistar rats after oral administration. ALT, ALB, ALP, WBC, PLT, and liver relative organ weigh of female rats showed significantly difference at 3000 mg/kg body weight per day, compared with control group. On the other hand, TG, T-CHO concentrations of female rats (6 months) were significantly decreased at 600, 1200 and 3000 mg/kg body weight per day. This result proved that ulvan had antihyperlipidemic activity. Beside, ulvan showed anticoagulant activity in this study. Overall, our findings indicated that ulvan had affected specific hematology, serum biochemistry parameters and liver, and had great differences between males and females rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Qi
- Weifang Medical University, No. 7166 Baotong Road, Weifang 261053, PR China; Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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Stingl JC, Bartels H, Viviani R, Lehmann ML, Brockmöller J. Relevance of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase polymorphisms for drug dosing: A quantitative systematic review. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 141:92-116. [PMID: 24076267 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) catalyze the biotransformation of many endobiotics and xenobiotics, and are coded by polymorphic genes. However, knowledge about the effects of these polymorphisms is rarely used for the individualization of drug therapy. Here, we present a quantitative systematic review of clinical studies on the impact of UGT variants on drug metabolism to clarify the potential for genotype-adjusted therapy recommendations. Data on UGT polymorphisms and dose-related pharmacokinetic parameters in man were retrieved by a systematic search in public databases. Mean estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters were extracted for each group of carriers of UGT variants to assess their effect size. Pooled estimates and relative confidence bounds were computed with a random-effects meta-analytic approach whenever multiple studies on the same variant, ethnic group, and substrate were available. Information was retrieved on 30 polymorphic metabolic pathways involving 10 UGT enzymes. For irinotecan and mycophenolic acid a wealth of data was available for assessing the impact of genetic polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics under different dosages, between ethnicities, under comedication, and under toxicity. Evidence for effects of potential clinical relevance exists for 19 drugs, but the data are not sufficient to assess effect size with the precision required to issue dose recommendations. In conclusion, compared to other drug metabolizing enzymes much less systematic research has been conducted on the polymorphisms of UGT enzymes. However, there is evidence of the existence of large monogenetic functional polymorphisms affecting pharmacokinetics and suggesting a potential use of UGT polymorphisms for the individualization of drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Stingl
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Bonn, Germany; Translational Pharmacology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, Germany.
| | - H Bartels
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - R Viviani
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - M L Lehmann
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Brockmöller
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Göttingen, Germany
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Sah S, Vandenberg A, Smits J. Treating chronic arsenic toxicity with high selenium lentil diets. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:256-62. [PMID: 23800687 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) toxicity causes serious health problems in humans, especially in the Indo-Gangetic plains and mountainous areas of China. Selenium (Se), an essential micronutrient is a potential mitigator of As toxicity due to its antioxidant and antagonistic properties. Selenium is seriously deficient in soils world-wide but is present at high, yet non-toxic levels in the great plains of North America. We evaluate the potential of dietary Se in counteracting chronic As toxicity in rats through serum biochemistry, blood glutathione levels, immunotoxicity (antibody response), liver peroxidative stress, thyroid response and As levels in tissues and excreta. To achieve this, we compare diets based on high-Se Saskatchewan (SK) lentils versus low-Se lentils from United States. Rats drank control (0ppm As) or As (40ppm As) water while consuming SK lentils (0.3ppm Se) or northwestern USA lentils (<0.01ppm Se) diets for 14weeks. Rats on high Se diets had higher glutathione levels regardless of As exposure, recovered antibody responses in As-exposed group, higher fecal and urinary As excretion and lower renal As residues. Selenium deficiency caused greater hepatic peroxidative damage in the As exposed animals. Thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), were not different. After 14weeks of As exposure, health indicators in rats improved in response to the high Se lentil diets. Our results indicate that high Se lentils have a potential to mitigate As toxicity in laboratory mammals, which we hope will translate into benefits for As exposed humans.
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