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Ohoro CR, Wepener V. Review of scientific literature on available methods of assessing organochlorine pesticides in the environment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22142. [PMID: 38045185 PMCID: PMC10692828 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely used in agriculture and industry, causing serious health and ecological consequences upon exposure. This review offers a thorough overview of OCPs analysis emphasizing the necessity of ongoing work to enhance the identification and monitoring of these POPs in environmental and human samples. The benefits and drawbacks of the various OCPs analysis techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are discussed. Challenges associated with validation and optimization criteria, including accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ), must be met for a method to be regarded as accurate and reliable. Suitable quality control measures, such as method blanks and procedural blanks, are emphasized. The LOD and LOQ are critical quality control measure for efficient quantification of these compounds, and researchers have explored various techniques for their calculation. Matrix interference, solubility, volatility, and partition coefficient influence OCPs occurrences and are discussed in this review. Validation experiments, as stated by European Commission in document SANTE/11813/2017, showed that the acceptance criteria for method validation of OCP analytes include ≤20 % for high precision, and 70-120 % for recovery. This may ultimately be vital for determining the human health risk effects of exposure to OCP and for formulating sensible environmental and public health regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinemerem Ruth Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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Fernandes VC, Podlasiak M, Vieira EF, Rodrigues F, Grosso C, Moreira MM, Delerue-Matos C. Multiple Organic Contaminants Determination Including Multiclass of Pesticides, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Brominated Flame Retardants in Portuguese Kiwano Fruits by Gas Chromatography. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050993. [PMID: 36900510 PMCID: PMC10000518 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Global production of exotic fruits has been growing steadily over the past decade and expanded beyond the originating countries. The consumption of exotic and new fruits, such as kiwano, has increased due to their beneficial properties for human health. However, these fruits are scarcely studied in terms of chemical safety. As there are no studies on the presence of multiple contaminants in kiwano, an optimized analytical method based on the QuEChERS for the evaluation of 30 multiple contaminants (18 pesticides, 5 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), 7 brominated flame retardants) was developed and validated. Under the optimal conditions, satisfactory extraction efficiency was obtained with recoveries ranging from 90% to 122%, excellent sensitivity, with a quantification limit in the range of 0.6 to 7.4 µg kg-1, and good linearity ranging from 0.991 to 0.999. The relative standard deviation for precision studies was less than 15%. The assessment of the matrix effects showed enhancement for all the target compounds. The developed method was validated by analyzing samples collected from Douro Region. PCB 101 was found in trace concentration (5.1 µg kg-1). The study highlights the relevance of including other organic contaminants in monitoring studies in food samples in addition to pesticides.
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Súnico V, Higuera JJ, Molina-Hidalgo FJ, Blanco-Portales R, Moyano E, Rodríguez-Franco A, Muñoz-Blanco J, Caballero JL. The Intragenesis and Synthetic Biology Approach towards Accelerating Genetic Gains on Strawberry: Development of New Tools to Improve Fruit Quality and Resistance to Pathogens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010057. [PMID: 35009061 PMCID: PMC8747664 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Under climate change, the spread of pests and pathogens into new environments has a dramatic effect on crop protection control. Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) is one the most profitable crops of the Rosaceae family worldwide, but more than 50 different genera of pathogens affect this species. Therefore, accelerating the improvement of fruit quality and pathogen resistance in strawberry represents an important objective for breeding and reducing the usage of pesticides. New genome sequencing data and bioinformatics tools has provided important resources to expand the use of synthetic biology-assisted intragenesis strategies as a powerful tool to accelerate genetic gains in strawberry. In this paper, we took advantage of these innovative approaches to create four RNAi intragenic silencing cassettes by combining specific strawberry new promoters and pathogen defense-related candidate DNA sequences to increase strawberry fruit quality and resistance by silencing their corresponding endogenous genes, mainly during fruit ripening stages, thus avoiding any unwanted effect on plant growth and development. Using a fruit transient assay, GUS expression was detected by the two synthetic FvAAT2 and FvDOF2 promoters, both by histochemical assay and qPCR analysis of GUS transcript levels, thus ensuring the ability of the same to drive the expression of the silencing cassettes in this strawberry tissue. The approaches described here represent valuable new tools for the rapid development of improved strawberry lines.
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Paíga P, Sousa S, Vera J, Bitencourt L, Vieira J, Jorge S, Silva JG, Correia M, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C. Multi-residue analysis of fifty pesticides in river waters and in wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66787-66803. [PMID: 34235702 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three sampling campaigns were performed in the Lis River (Leiria, Portugal) in February of 2018, November of 2018, and May of 2019. River water and wastewater (influent and effluent) samples of two wastewater treatment plants were target of the study. A total of 25 samples were collected and 50 pesticides were monitored, including organochlorines, triazines, pyrethroids, and organophosphorus, among others. Most of the detected pesticides were insecticides and mainly organochlorines. Concentrations between 1.29 and 2134 ng/L were found. Aldrin, γ-HCH, and cypermethrin were detected in some samples in μg/L, being γ-HCH the pesticide most frequently detected with concentration in μg/L level. The pesticides with the highest detection frequency were (i) cypermethrin, HCB, methoxychlor, and ζ-HCH in river waters; (ii) isoproturon, cypermethrin, methoxychlor, pyrimethanil, γ-HCH, dieldrin, diuron, α-HCH, and α-endosulfan in effluents; and (iii) diuron and isoproturon in influents. The detection of the organochlorides and their degradation products is a consequence of their persistence in the environment, as their usage has long been prohibited in the European Union. Pesticides were grouped by their types in herbicides, insecticides, or fungicides and the detection and concentration for each type were discussed with the climatic conditions. Pesticide toxicity index was determined in the samples collected in the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Paíga
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Sousa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Vera
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciana Bitencourt
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia de Sergipe, Rua Cauby, 523, Jardim Campo Novo, Lagarto, 49400-000, Brazil
| | - Joana Vieira
- Águas do Centro Litoral, SA, Grupo Águas de Portugal, ETA da Boavista, Avenida Dr. Luís Albuquerque, 3030-410, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Jorge
- Águas do Centro Litoral, SA, Grupo Águas de Portugal, ETA da Boavista, Avenida Dr. Luís Albuquerque, 3030-410, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jaime Gabriel Silva
- Águas de Santo André, Cerca da Água, Rua dos Cravos, 7500-130, Vila Nova de Santo André, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Correia
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina F Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal.
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Maia ML, Delerue-Matos C, Calhau C, Domingues VF. Validation and Evaluation of Selected Organic Pollutants in Shrimp and Seawater Samples from the NW Portuguese Coast. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195774. [PMID: 34641318 PMCID: PMC8510022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of coastal regions has contributed to the intensification of environmental contamination, which can accumulate in aquatic biota, such as shrimps. These crustaceans, besides being delicious and being a good source of nutrients, can also accumulate environmental pollutants. Amongst others, these include organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and synthetic musks (SMs). These pollutants, classified as endocrine disruptors, are related to adverse effects in humans and since one of the major routes of exposition is ingestion, this is a cause for concern regarding their presence in food. The aim of the present study was to quantify the presence of environmental pollutants in shrimp samples and in the water from their habitat along the northwest Portuguese coast. In seawater samples, only two OCPs (lindane and DDD) and one BFR (BTBPE) were detected, and in shrimp samples, one OCP (DDD) and three SMs (HHCB, AHTN and ketone) were found. Bioaccumulation and the risk assessment of dietary exposure of SMs in shrimp samples were investigated. It was observed that all shrimp samples analyzed significantly presented bioaccumulation of the three SMs found. Concentrations of SMs detected in shrimp samples do not present a health risk for the adult Portuguese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luz Maia
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Valentina Fernandes Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-834-0500
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Sensory and Physicochemical Quality, Residual Fungicide Levels and Microbial Load in 'Florida Radiance' Strawberries from Different Disease Control Treatments Exposed to Simulated Supply Chain Conditions. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071442. [PMID: 34206343 PMCID: PMC8306838 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strawberries are greatly appreciated for their flavor and health-promoting properties. However, current agricultural and postharvest handling practices may result in decreased fruit quality. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of conventional or reduced fungicide applications on the quality of 'Florida Radiance' strawberries exposed to supply chain conditions. Strawberries held under steady temperature had better sensory and physicochemical quality than fruit exposed to supply chain conditions, regardless of the disease control treatment. Strawberries from the reduced fungicide treatment were firmer, lost less moisture, had higher sugar and higher or similar bioactive contents than fruit from the conventional treatment. Sensory scores were better for reduced fungicide fruit held under steady temperature conditions than other treatments at the consumer level. Microbial load increased during the supply chain but results strongly suggest that washing the fruit significantly reduces the microbial load and residual fungicide levels (fludioxonil, cyprodinil, pyraclostrobin, and captan) on the fruit. Overall, the use of reduced fungicide applications to control strawberry disease constitutes a promising alternative to conventional practices. It will help reduce costs by reducing labor and the amount of fungicides used while maintaining overall strawberry quality. Moreover, avoiding abusive and fluctuating temperature conditions during the supply chain will extend shelf-life and reduce strawberry waste.
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Occurrence of Selected Known or Suspected Endocrine-Disrupting Pesticides in Portuguese Surface Waters Using SPME-GC-IT/MS. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8060081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiresidue analytical methodology based on a solid-phase microextraction (SPME), followed by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC–IT/MS), has been developed for trace analysis of 20 known or suspected endocrine-disrupting pesticides. The SPME conditions are optimized considering several key parameters to obtain the maximum sensitivity. After the optimization, the method validation is performed, and the limits of detection (ranged from 2–150 ng/L) and the coefficient of determination (above 0.990) of studied compounds are determined for all the analytes. A robust sampling of twenty sampling points of surface water samples from the north and center of Portugal is performed, and the validated methodology is applied. In total, 20 compounds from four chemical families (13 organochlorine, 1 organophosphorus, 2 dicarboximide, and 4 pyrethroids) are studied, and the pesticides most frequently detected are eight organochlorine pesticides (α-, β-HCHs, lindane, HCB, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, α-endosulfan), cypermethrin, and vinclozolin.
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Lobato A, Fernandes VC, Pacheco JG, Delerue-Matos C, Gonçalves LM. Organochlorine pesticide analysis in milk by gas-diffusion microextraction with gas chromatography-electron capture detection and confirmation by mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461797. [PMID: 33348272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are synthetic compounds less used nowadays due to their toxicity combined with slow degradation which leads to accumulation in the environment. Gas-diffusion microextraction (GDME) was employed prior to gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For the first time, the low-cost, eco-friendly GDME system was used to extract the OCPs directly from milk samples and associated with GC-ECD. Parameters that affect GDME's performance (extract volume, extraction time, and temperature) were optimized. The calibration curves of all OCPs (α- and β-hexachlorocyclohexane, lindane, hexachlorobenzene, p,p'-DDE, aldrin, dieldrin, and α-endosulfan) had coefficients of determination (r2) ranging from 0.991 to 0.995, and limits of detection (LODs) values ranging from 3.7 to 4.8 µg L-1. This method also provided satisfactory values for precision with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 10% and recoveries above 90%. As a proof-of-concept, several commercial milk samples were analyzed, aldrin was found in one of them but below the maximum residue limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alnilan Lobato
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João G Pacheco
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Moreira Gonçalves
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, Brazil.
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Ferreira C, Lopes F, Costa R, Komora N, Ferreira V, Cruz Fernandes V, Delerue-Matos C, Teixeira P. Microbiological and Chemical Quality of Portuguese Lettuce-Results of a Case Study. Foods 2020; 9:E1274. [PMID: 32932798 PMCID: PMC7555633 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to environmental pollution issues, social concerns about the sustainability, safety, and quality of conventionally grown fruits and vegetables have been increasing. In order to evaluate if there were any microbiological differences between samples of organic and conventional lettuce, a wide range of parameters were tested, including pathogens and indicator organisms: the enumeration of Escherichia coli; the detection of Salmonella spp.; the detection/enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes; the enumeration of lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. yeasts and molds, and Enterobacteriaceae. This study also evaluated the chemical safety of the lettuce samples, quantifying the nitrate concentration and 20 pesticides (14 organochlorine and 6 organophosphorus pesticides). Significant differences (p < 0.05) between the conventional and organic samples were only detected for the counts of total microorganisms at 30 °C. Pathogens were absent in all the samples. The analytical method, using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) approach for pesticide extraction, was suitable for detecting the targeted analytes; the limit of quantification (LOQ) was between 0.6 and 1.8 µg/kg (lower than the Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) established by EU legislation). In three organic lettuce samples, one organochlorine pesticide (α-HCH) was observed below the MRLs. For the samples analyzed and for the parameters investigated, except for the total mesophilic counts, the organic and conventional lettuces were not different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Ferreira
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (F.L.); (R.C.); (N.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Filipa Lopes
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (F.L.); (R.C.); (N.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Reginaldo Costa
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (F.L.); (R.C.); (N.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Norton Komora
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (F.L.); (R.C.); (N.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Vânia Ferreira
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (F.L.); (R.C.); (N.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.F.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.F.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Paula Teixeira
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (F.L.); (R.C.); (N.K.); (V.F.)
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Loha KM, Lamoree M, de Boer J. Pesticide residue levels in vegetables and surface waters at the Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:546. [PMID: 32719898 PMCID: PMC7385018 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Seven pesticides, profenofos, metalaxyl, λ-cyhalothrin, 4,4'-DDT, 4,4'-DDE, and α- and β-endosulfan, were determined in vegetables (tomato, onion) from 20 locations and surface waters from 12 locations in the Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia. Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) and solid phase extraction (SPE) methods were used for the vegetables and water, respectively. In 2.5% of the tomato samples, profenofos was detected above European maximum residue limits (MRLs), in 12.5% of the samples metalaxyl, and in 2.5% α- and β-endosulfan. In 5% of the onion samples, profenofos was detected above European MRLs, in 7.5% of the onion samples metalaxyl, and in 5% λ-cyhalothrin. In surface water, profenofos was detected at the highest concentration of 2300 μg/L in the Bulbula River, 890 μg/L near the agricultural land north of Lake Ziway (ANLZ-1), 1700 μg/L in the floriculture effluent (FE-1), and 900 μg/L in tap water at the Batu Drinking Water (BDW) supply. These results show that the levels of pesticides are in several cases substantially elevated, and emphasize the need of regular pesticide monitoring programs for surface waters and vegetables in the Ethiopian CRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumelachew Mulu Loha
- Department of Environment & Health, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marja Lamoree
- Department of Environment & Health, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob de Boer
- Department of Environment & Health, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Cruz Fernandes V, Freitas M, Pacheco JG, Fernandes Domingues V, Delerue-Matos C. Evaluation of the QuEChERS and magnetic micro dispersive solid-phase extraction of brominated flame retardants in red fruits with determination by GC/MS. Food Chem 2019; 309:125572. [PMID: 31732246 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A sample preparation method, QuEChERS extraction combined with a magnetic micro dispersive solid phase extraction (MµdSPE), was optimized and evaluated for the trace analysis of 9 brominated flame retardants in red fruit samples (strawberries, blueberries, and raspberries) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Magnetic nanomaterials were used as sorbents providing an extraction of the target compounds. Linearity was established for all the analytes (from 10 to 200 µg kg-1). Seven concentration levels were analyzed with three measurements at each concentration. Linear responses (R2 > 0.99) were obtained, recoveries of all target analytes were within the range of 65-141%, relative standard deviations were <20% at all three spiking levels, while intraday and interday precisions were below 20%. This study demonstrated that the new sample preparation with magnetic nanoparticles could potentially be expanded to extract and pre-concentrate the BFRs in different red fruit samples. The method has been successfully applied to study BFRs in 12 samples from conventional and organic farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - João G Pacheco
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina Fernandes Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Pascua JAA, Prado AJA, Solis BRB, Cid-Andres AP, Cambiador CJB. Trends in fabrication, data gathering, validation, and application of molecular fluorometer and spectrofluorometer. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 220:116837. [PMID: 31195242 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Technological advances have widely improved the field of research as spectroscopic methods are now flexible in analyzing different sample matrix. There have been various methods used in applications of spectrofluorometer, but some were costly, time consuming or complicated for routine analysis, creating barrier for students to understand the basic concepts of fluorescence. This review focuses on the different fluorometer designs and techniques which promote cost efficiency and/or having modifications without compromise in data gathering, and its applications to various scientific fields. The usage of pesticides has a wide range of effects when it comes to the environment and to human health especially when it enters the food chain. The characteristic of having a low-cost, user-friendly and efficient device can occur in different variations as materials and technology are employed to fluorescence detection which primarily contributes to the different applications of the device such as in food safety and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Adrian A Pascua
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila 1016, Philippines.
| | - Anne Jizelle A Prado
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila 1016, Philippines
| | - Brad Randel B Solis
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila 1016, Philippines
| | - Abigail P Cid-Andres
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila 1016, Philippines
| | - Christian Jay B Cambiador
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila 1016, Philippines
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13
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Fernandes VC, Freitas M, Pacheco JPG, Oliveira JM, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C. Magnetic dispersive micro solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography determination of organophosphorus pesticides in strawberries. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1566:1-12. [PMID: 30017087 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with different sizes and characteristics were synthesized to be used as a QuEChERS sorbents for the determination of seven organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in strawberries by gas chromatography analysis with flame photometric and mass spectrometry detection. To achieve the optimum conditions of modified QuEChERS procedure several parameters affecting the cleanup efficiency including the amount of the sorbents and cleanup time were investigated. The results were compared with classical QuEChERS methodologies and the modified QuEChERS procedure using MNPs showed the better performance. Under the optimum conditions of the new methodology, three spiking levels (25, 50 and 100 μg kg-1) were evaluated in a strawberry sample. The results showed that the average recovery was 93% and the relative standard deviation was less than 12%. The enrichment factor ranged from 111 to 145%. The good linearity with coefficients of determination of 0.9904-0.9991 was obtained over the range of 25-250 μg kg-1 for 7 OPPs. It was determined that the MNPs have an excellent function as sorbent when purified even using less amount of sorbents and the magnetic properties allowed non-use of the centrifugation in cleanup step. The new methodology was applied in strawberry samples from conventional and organic farming. The new sorbents were successfully applied for extraction and determination of OPPs in strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - João P G Pacheco
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Maria Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina Fernandes Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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14
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DiScenza DJ, Lynch J, Miller J, Verderame M, Levine M. Detection of Organochlorine Pesticides in Contaminated Marine Environments via Cyclodextrin-Promoted Fluorescence Modulation. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:8591-8599. [PMID: 30023587 PMCID: PMC6044669 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of practical and robust detection methods for pesticides is an important research objective owing to the known toxicity, carcinogenicity, and environmental persistence of these compounds. Pesticides have been found in bodies of water that are located near areas where pesticides are commonly used and easily spread to beaches, lakes, and rivers; affect the species living in those waterways; and harm humans who come into contact with or eat fish from such water. Reported herein is the rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of four organochlorine pesticides in a variety of water sources across the state of Rhode Island using cyclodextrin-promoted fluorescence detection. This method relies on the ability of cyclodextrin to promote analyte-specific fluorescence modulation of a high quantum yield fluorophore when a pesticide is in close proximity, combined with subsequent array-based statistical analyses of the measurable changes in the emission signals. This system operates with high sensitivity (low micromolar detection limits), selectivity (100% differentiation between structurally similar analytes), and general applicability (for different water samples with varying salinity and pH as well as for different water temperatures).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana J. DiScenza
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Rhode Island, 140
Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode
Island 02881, United
States
| | - Julie Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Rhode Island, 140
Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode
Island 02881, United
States
| | - Jasmine Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Rhode Island, 140
Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode
Island 02881, United
States
| | - Molly Verderame
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Rhode Island, 140
Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode
Island 02881, United
States
| | - Mindy Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Rhode Island, 140
Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode
Island 02881, United
States
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15
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Sun T, Sun H, Zhao F. Dispersive solid-phase extraction for the determination of trace organochlorine pesticides in apple juices using reduced graphene oxide coated with ZnO nanocomposites as sorbent. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3725-3733. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Anyang Normal University; Anyang P. R. China
| | - Hefeng Sun
- The Ping Mei Senior High School; Chifeng P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Anyang Normal University; Anyang P. R. China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Opto-Electronic Functional Materials; Anyang P. R. China
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16
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Covaciu FD, Magdas DA, Marincas O, Moldovan Z. Determination of Pesticides in Carrots by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1263313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florina D. Covaciu
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - D. Alina Magdas
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olivian Marincas
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zaharie Moldovan
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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17
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Covaciu FD, Moldovan Z, Dehelean AA, Magdas DA, Feher IC, Puscas R, Vlassa M. Determination of Pesticides, Elements, and Stable Isotopes in Strawberries. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1140175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Monteagudo C, Mariscal-Arcas M, Heras-Gonzalez L, Ibañez-Peinado D, Rivas A, Olea-Serrano F. Effects of maternal diet and environmental exposure to organochlorine pesticides on newborn weight in Southern Spain. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 156:135-142. [PMID: 27174826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An appropriate eating pattern is essential during childbearing years and pregnancy to ensure a healthy pregnancy and newborn. Our group developed a Mediterranean Diet Score for Pregnancy (MDS-P) based on the MD and the specific need of pregnant women for Fe, Ca, and folic acid. Humans are daily exposed to endocrine disruptors, which may alter body weight and hormone system regulation. This study analyzed the relationship of maternal diet and in utero exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with newborn weight in mothers and newborns from Southern Spain. Higher MDS-P score, folic acid supplementation, and greater in utero exposure to endosulfan-diol and endosulfan-1 were related to higher newborn weight. MDS-P score was not associated with maternal weight gain during pregnancy (above or below 12 Kg). Residues from one or more OCPs were detected in 96.5% of umbilical cord serum samples from 320 newborns. The most frequent residues were endosulfans (96.5%). The presence of endosulfan-diol, endosulfan-I, p-p´DDT, folic acid supplementation, and a higher MDS-P (>8) were predictive factors for newborn overweight (>3500 g). Conversely, smoking during pregnancy, shorter gestation time (32-36 vs. 37-39 weeks), and lesser maternal weight gain during pregnancy predicted lower newborn weight (<2500 g). These results indicate prenatal exposure to OCPs in Southern Spain and its possible impact on the weight of healthy full-term newborns. Further studies are warranted to interpret the consequences of this exposure and identify preventive measures. Adherence to the MD and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy emerged as predictive factors for overweight in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Monteagudo
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; School of Hospitality, Culinary Arts and Meal Science, Örebro University, Grythyttan, Sweden
| | - M Mariscal-Arcas
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; School of Hospitality, Culinary Arts and Meal Science, Örebro University, Grythyttan, Sweden; Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Murcia, Campus de Lorca, 30800, Lorca, Spain
| | - L Heras-Gonzalez
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - D Ibañez-Peinado
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - A Rivas
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - F Olea-Serrano
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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19
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Norberto S, Calhau C, Pestana D, Faria A. Effects of Environmental Pollutants on MCF-7 Cells: A Metabolic Approach. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:366-375. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Norberto
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry; University of Porto; Porto 4200-319 Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS); University of Porto; Porto 4200-450 Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS); University of Porto; Porto 4200-450 Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School; Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Diogo Pestana
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry; University of Porto; Porto 4200-319 Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS); University of Porto; Porto 4200-450 Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry; University of Porto; Porto 4200-319 Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS); University of Porto; Porto 4200-450 Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto; Porto 4200-465 Portugal
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório Associado de Química Verde; Universidade do Porto; Porto 4169-007 Portugal
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20
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Preparation of Graphene Sheets with Covalently Bonded Fe3O4 for Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction Applied to Organochlorine Pesticides in Orange Juice. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Yang C, Lv T, Yan H, Wu G, Li H. Glyoxal-Urea-Formaldehyde Molecularly Imprinted Resin as Pipette Tip Solid-Phase Extraction Adsorbent for Selective Screening of Organochlorine Pesticides in Spinach. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9650-9656. [PMID: 26449689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new kind of glyoxal-urea-formaldehyde molecularly imprinted resin (GUF-MIR) was synthesized by a glyoxal-urea-formaldehyde (GUF) gel imprinting method with 4,4'-dichlorobenzhydrol as a dummy template. The obtained GUF-MIR was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and applied as a selective adsorbent of miniaturized pipet tip solid-phase extraction (PT-SPE) for the separation and extraction of three organochlorine pesticides (dicofol (DCF), dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane (DDD), and tetradifon) in spinach samples. The proposed pretreatment procedures of spinach samples involved only 5.0 mg of GUF-MIR, 0.7 mL of MeOH-H2O (1:1, v/v) (washing solvent), and 0.6 mL of cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (9:1, v/v) (elution solvent). In comparison with other adsorbents (such as silica gel, C18, NH2-silica gel, and neutral alumina (Al2O3-N)), GUF-MIR showed higher adsorption and purification capacity for DCF, DDD, and tetradifon in aqueous solution. The average recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 89.1% to 101.9% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤ 7.1% (n = 3). The presented GUF-MIR-PT-SPE method combines the advantages of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), GUF, and PT-SPE and can be used in polar solutions with high affinity and selectivity to the analytes in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Management, Hebei University and ‡Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
| | - Tianwei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Management, Hebei University and ‡Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Management, Hebei University and ‡Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
| | - Gaochan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Management, Hebei University and ‡Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Management, Hebei University and ‡Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
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22
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Validation of QuEChERS method for organochlorine pesticides analysis in tamarind (Tamarindus indica) products: Peel, fruit and commercial pulp. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Maia ML, Correia-Sá L, Coelho A, Barroso MF, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C. Eruca sativa: Benefits as antioxidants source versus risks of already banned pesticides. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:338-345. [PMID: 25826102 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Eruca sativa (rocket salad) has been intensely consumed all over the world, insomuch as, this work was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant status and the environmental contamination (positive and negative nutritional contribution) of leaves and stems from this vegetable. Antioxidant capacity of rocket salad was assessed by mean of optical methods, such as the total phenolic content (TPC), reducing power assay and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The extent of the environmental contamination was reached through the quantification of thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCP) by using gas chromatography coupled with electron-capture detector (GC-ECD) and compound confirmations employing gas chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The OCP residues were extracted by using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) methodology.The extent of the environmental contamination was reached through the quantification of thirteen OCP by using gas chromatography coupled with electron-capture detector (GC-ECD) and compound confirmations employing GC-MS/MS. The OCP residues were extracted by using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) methodology. This demonstrated that leaves presented more antioxidant activity than stems, emphasizing that leaves contained six times more polyphenolic compounds than stems. In what concerns the OCP occurrence, the average recoveries obtained at the three levels tested (40, 60 and 80 µg kg(-1)) ranged from 55% to 149% with a relative standard deviation of 11%, (except hexachrorobenzene). Three vegetables samples were collected from supermarkets and analysed following this study. According to data, only one sample achieved 16.21 of β-hexachlorocyclohexane, confirmed by GC-MS/MS. About OCP quantification, the data indicated that only one sample achieved 16.21 µg kg(-1) of β-hexachlorocyclohexane, confirmed by GC-MS/MS, being the QuEChERS a good choice for the of OCPs extraction. Furthermore, the leaves consumption guaranty higher levels of antioxidants than stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luz Maia
- a REQUIMTE/LAQV, Superior Institute of Engineering of Porto, Polytechnic Institute of Porto R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida , Porto , Portugal
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24
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Pestana D, Faria G, Sá C, Fernandes VC, Teixeira D, Norberto S, Faria A, Meireles M, Marques C, Correia-Sá L, Cunha A, Guimarães JT, Taveira-Gomes A, Santos AC, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C, Monteiro R, Calhau C. Persistent organic pollutant levels in human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese individuals--depot differences and dysmetabolism implications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 133:170-177. [PMID: 24949816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with endocrine disrupting activity in the aetiology of obesity and other metabolic dysfunctions has been recently highlighted. Adipose tissue (AT) is a common site of POPs accumulation where they can induce adverse effects on human health. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the presence of POPs in human visceral (vAT) and subcutaneous (scAT) adipose tissue in a sample of Portuguese obese patients that underwent bariatric surgery, and assess their putative association with metabolic disruption preoperatively, as well as with subsequent body mass index (BMI) reduction. METHODS AT samples (n=189) from obese patients (BMI ≥ 35) were collected and the levels of 13 POPs were determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected at the time of surgery. BMI variation was evaluated after 12 months and adipocyte size was measured in AT samples. RESULTS Our data confirm that POPs are pervasive in this obese population (96.3% of detection on both tissues), their abundance increasing with age (RS=0.310, p<0.01) and duration of obesity (RS=0.170, p<0.05). We observed a difference in AT depot POPs storage capability, with higher levels of ΣPOPs in vAT (213.9 ± 204.2 compared to 155.1 ± 147.4 ng/g of fat, p<0.001), extremely relevant when evaluating their metabolic impact. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between POP levels and the presence of metabolic syndrome components, namely dysglycaemia and hypertension, and more importantly with cardiovascular risk (RS=0.277, p<0.01), with relevance for vAT (RS=0.315, p<0.01). Finally, we observed an interesting relation of higher POP levels with lower weight loss in older patients. CONCLUSION Our sample of obese subjects allowed us to highlight the importance of POPs stored in AT on the development of metabolic dysfunction in a context of obesity, shifting the focus to their metabolic effects and not only for their recognition as environmental obesogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Pestana
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS-Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Gil Faria
- General Surgery Department, S. João Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Sá
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Virgínia C Fernandes
- Chemistry Investigation Centre (CIQ), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Requimte-Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, P-4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Norberto
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Chemistry Investigation Centre (CIQ), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, P-4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Meireles
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Marques
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Correia-Sá
- Chemistry Investigation Centre (CIQ), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cunha
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - João T Guimarães
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital S. João, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Taveira-Gomes
- General Surgery Department, S. João Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Santos
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina F Domingues
- Requimte-Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, P-4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- Requimte-Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, P-4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosário Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS-Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, P-4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Fernandes VC, Domingues VF, Mateus N, Delerue-Matos C. Comparison of Disposable Pipette Extraction and Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction in the QuEChERS Method for Analysis of Pesticides in Strawberries. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 52:1339-45. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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26
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Fernandes VC, Lehotay SJ, Geis-Asteggiante L, Kwon H, Mol HG, van der Kamp H, Mateus N, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C. Analysis of pesticide residues in strawberries and soils by GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS and two-dimensional GC-time-of-flight MS comparing organic and integrated pest management farming. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:262-70. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.865842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Walorczyk S, Drożdżyński D, Kowalska J, Remlein-Starosta D, Ziółkowski A, Przewoźniak M, Gnusowski B. Pesticide residues determination in Polish organic crops in 2007–2010 applying gas chromatography–tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2013; 139:482-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li X, Dai X, Yin X, Li M, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Huang T, Li H. Impurity analysis of pure aldrin using heart-cut multi-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1277:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fernandes VC, Vera JL, Domingues VF, Silva LMS, Mateus N, Delerue-Matos C. Mass spectrometry parameters optimization for the 46 multiclass pesticides determination in strawberries with gas chromatography ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:2187-2197. [PMID: 22993048 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiclass analysis method was optimized in order to analyze pesticides traces by gas chromatography with ion-trap and tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The influence of some analytical parameters on pesticide signal response was explored. Five ion trap mass spectrometry (IT-MS) operating parameters, including isolation time (IT), excitation voltage (EV), excitation time (ET), maximum excitation energy or "q" value (q), and isolation mass window (IMW) were numerically tested in order to maximize the instrument analytical signal response. For this, multiple linear regression was used in data analysis to evaluate the influence of the five parameters on the analytical response in the ion trap mass spectrometer and to predict its response. The assessment of the five parameters based on the regression equations substantially increased the sensitivity of IT-MS/MS in the MS/MS mode. The results obtained show that for most of the pesticides, these parameters have a strong influence on both signal response and detection limit. Using the optimized method, a multiclass pesticide analysis was performed for 46 pesticides in a strawberry matrix. Levels higher than the limit established for strawberries by the European Union were found in some samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia C Fernandes
- Requimte, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
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Fernandes VC, Domingues VF, Mateus N, Delerue-Matos C. Pesticide residues in Portuguese strawberries grown in 2009-2010 using integrated pest management and organic farming. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:4184-4192. [PMID: 22562348 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are among the most widely used chemicals in the world. Because of the widespread use of agricultural chemicals in food production, people are exposed to low levels of pesticide residues through their diets. Scientists do not yet have a total understanding of the health effects of these pesticide residues. This work aims to determine differences in terms of pesticide residue content in Portuguese strawberries grown using different agriculture practices. The Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe sample preparation method was conducted and shown to have good performance for multiclass pesticides extraction in strawberries. The screening of 25 pesticides residue was performed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In quantitative validation, acceptable performances were achieved with recoveries of 70-120 and <12 % residual standard deviation for 25 pesticides. Good linearity was obtained for all the target compounds, with highly satisfactory repeatability. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.1-28 μg/kg. The method was applied to analyze strawberry samples from organic and integrated pest management (IPM) practices harvested in 2009-2010. The results showed the presence of fludioxonil, bifenthrin, mepanipyrim, tolylfluanid, cyprodinil, tetraconazole, and malathion when using IPM below the maximum residue levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia C Fernandes
- REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
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Bragança I, Plácido A, Paíga P, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C. QuEChERS: a new sample preparation approach for the determination of ibuprofen and its metabolites in soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 433:281-289. [PMID: 22796726 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ibuprofen is one of the most used active pharmaceutical ingredients worldwide. A new method for the analysis of ibuprofen and its metabolites, hydroxyibuprofen and carboxyibuprofen, in soils is presented. The extraction of these compounds from the soil matrices was performed by using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method. The method involves a single extraction of the investigated compounds with purified water (acidified at pH 2.5 with hydrochloric acid), and a slow and continuous addition of the QuEChERS content, followed by the addition of acidified acetonitrile (1% acetic acid), prior to the determination by liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (LC-FLD). Validation studies were carried out using soil samples with a range of organic carbon contents. Recoveries of the fortified samples ranged from 79.5% to 101%. Relative standard deviations for all matrix-compound combinations did not exceed 3%. The method quantification limits were ≤22.4 μg kg(-1) in all cases. The developed method was applied to the analysis of sixteen real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idalina Bragança
- REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, no. 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Optimization of QuEChERS Procedure Coupled to GC-ECD for Organochlorine Pesticide Determination in Carrot Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Fernandes V, Domingues V, Mateus N, Delerue-Matos C. Analysing organochlorine pesticides in strawberry jams using GC-ECD, GC-MS/MS and QuEChERS sample preparation. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 29:1074-84. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.682319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Correia-Sá L, Fernandes VC, Carvalho M, Calhau C, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C. Optimization of QuEChERS method for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in soils with diverse organic matter. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1521-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Correia-Sá
- REQUIMTE; Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto; Porto Portugal
- FCNAUP; Porto Portugal
| | - Virgínia C. Fernandes
- REQUIMTE; Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto; Porto Portugal
- CIQ (Investigation Centre); Porto Portugal
| | - Manuela Carvalho
- REQUIMTE; Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT); Faculty of Medicine; University of Porto, Porto Portugal
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Fernandes VC, Subramanian V, Mateus N, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C. The development and optimization of a modified single-drop microextraction method for organochlorine pesticides determination by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Mikrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-012-0810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Fernandes VC, Pestana D, Monteiro R, Faria G, Meireles M, Correia-Sá L, Teixeira D, Faria A, Calhau C, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C. Optimization and validation of organochlorine compounds in adipose tissue by SPE-gas chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:1494-501. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diogo Pestana
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine; University of Porto; Portugal
| | - Rosário Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine; University of Porto; Portugal
| | - Gil Faria
- General Surgery Department, S. João Hospital, Faculty of Medicine; University of Porto; Portugal
| | - Manuela Meireles
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine; University of Porto; Portugal
| | | | - Diana Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine; University of Porto; Portugal
| | | | - Conceição Calhau
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine; University of Porto; Portugal
| | - Valentina F. Domingues
- Requimte, Instituto Superior de Engenharia; Instituto Politécnico do Porto; Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431; 4200-072; Porto; Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- Requimte, Instituto Superior de Engenharia; Instituto Politécnico do Porto; Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431; 4200-072; Porto; Portugal
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Amil-Ruiz F, Blanco-Portales R, Muñoz-Blanco J, Caballero JL. The Strawberry Plant Defense Mechanism: A Molecular Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 52:1873-903. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcr136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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