1
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Lin Q, Peng C, Yu K, Lin Y, Xu Y, Li L, Ni H, Chen F. The mining of thermostable β-glucosidase for tea aroma enhancement under brewing conditions. Food Chem 2024; 460:140624. [PMID: 39089040 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
The β-glucosidases known to improve tea aroma are all mesothermal enzymes, limiting their use under brewing conditions. Based on the properties analysis and molecular docking, the thermostable β-glucosidase (TPG) from Thermotoga petrophlia showed potential to enhance tea aroma. Treatment by recombinant TPG at 90 °C, the floral, sweet and grassy notes of instant Oolong tea were increased, while the roasted, caramel and woody notes were decreased. The improved floral, sweet and grassy notes were related to increase releasing of benzyl alcohol (floral), geraniol (floral), (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (grassy), benzaldehyde (sweet) and 1-hexanol (grassy) by TPG hydrolyzing of (Z)-3-hexenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, hexanyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (HGP), benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, prunasin and geranyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (GGP), respectively. Although the catalytic efficiency of TGP to GGP was about twice that to HGP, HPG was more competitive than GGP when they mixed. Combined with microstructure analysis, the structure-function relationship of TPG-influencing tea aroma were understood. This study provided the method of how to mining new function of characterized β-glucosidases, as well as a theoretical basis for the development of new tea products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lin
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Kunpeng Yu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yanling Lin
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yongquan Xu
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Lijun Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Technology of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China; Enterprise Key Laboratory of Beverage Plant Extraction Technology of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou, 363005, China.
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Technology of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361021, China; Enterprise Key Laboratory of Beverage Plant Extraction Technology of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou, 363005, China; Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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2
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Singh N, Sithole BB, Govinden R. Optimisation of β-Glucosidase Production in a Crude Aspergillus japonicus VIT-SB1 Cellulase Cocktail Using One Variable at a Time and Statistical Methods and its Application in Cellulose Hydrolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9928. [PMID: 37373076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulp and paper mill sludge (PPMS) is currently disposed of into landfills which are reaching their maximum capacity. Valorisation of PPMS by enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulases is an alternative strategy. Existing commercial cellulases are expensive and contain low titres of β-glucosidases. In this study, β-glucosidase production was optimised by Aspergillus japonicus VIT-SB1 to obtain higher β-glucosidase titres using the One Variable at a Time (OVAT), Plackett Burman (PBD), and Box Behnken design (BBD)of experiments and the efficiency of the optimised cellulase cocktail to hydrolyse cellulose was tested. β-Glucosidase production was enhanced from 0.4 to 10.13 U/mL, representing a 25.3-fold increase in production levels after optimisation. The optimal BBD production conditions were 6 days of fermentation at 20 °C, 125 rpm, 1.75% soy peptone, and 1.25% wheat bran in (pH 6.0) buffer. The optimal pH for β-glucosidase activity in the crude cellulase cocktail was (pH 5.0) at 50 °C. Optimal cellulose hydrolysis using the crude cellulase cocktail occurred at longer incubation times, and higher substrate loads and enzyme doses. Cellulose hydrolysis with the A. japonicus VIT-SB1 cellulase cocktail and commercial cellulase cocktails resulted in glucose yields of 15.12 and 12.33 µmol/mL glucose, respectively. Supplementation of the commercial cellulase cocktail with 0.25 U/mg of β-glucosidase resulted in a 19.8% increase in glucose yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivisti Singh
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Bishop Bruce Sithole
- Discipline of Engineering, Howard Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Roshini Govinden
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
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3
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Singh N, Sithole B, Kumar A, Govinden R. A glucose tolerant β-glucosidase from a newly isolated Neofusicoccum parvum strain F7: production, purification, and characterization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5134. [PMID: 36991150 PMCID: PMC10060427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulase-producing microorganisms produce low titres of β-glucosidases with low tolerance to glucose. This study aimed to improve production, purify, and characterize a β-glucosidase from a newly isolated Neofusicoccum parvum strain F7. β-Glucosidase production was significantly enhanced by a sequential statistical modelling approach from 1.5-fold in Plackett-Burman design to 2.5 U/ml in the Box-Behnken design compared to the preliminary one variable at a time experiments (1.6 U/ml). The optimal conditions for enzyme production by BBD were 12 days of fermentation at 20 °C, 175 rpm, 0.5% glycerol and 1.5% casein in pH 6.0 buffer. Three β-glucosidase isoforms referred to as Bgl1, Bgl2, Bgl3 were purified and characterized from the optimized crude extract displaying IC50 values of 2.6, 22.6 and 319.5 mM for glucose, respectively. Bgl3 with a molecular mass of approximately 65 kDa demonstrated the highest tolerance to glucose among the isoforms. The optimum activity and stability for Bgl3 was observed at pH 4.0 in 50 mM sodium acetate buffer with 80% β-glucosidase residual activity retained for three hours. This isoform also retained 60% residual activity at 65 °C for one hour which was then reduced to 40% which remained stable for another 90 min. The β-glucosidase activity of Bgl3 was not enhanced after the addition of metal ions in assay buffers. The Km and vmax for 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside were 1.18 mM and 28.08 µmol/min, respectively indicating high affinity for the substrate. The ability to withstand the presence of glucose in conjunction with its thermophilic nature indicates promise for this enzyme in industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivisti Singh
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Bruce Sithole
- Discipline of Engineering, Howard Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ajit Kumar
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Roshini Govinden
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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4
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Ghattavi S, Homaei A. Marine enzymes: Classification and application in various industries. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123136. [PMID: 36621739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oceans are regarded as a plentiful and sustainable source of biological compounds. Enzymes are a group of marine biomaterials that have recently drawn more attention because they are produced in harsh environmental conditions such as high salinity, extensive pH, a wide temperature range, and high pressure. Hence, marine-derived enzymes are capable of exhibiting remarkable properties due to their unique composition. In this review, we overviewed and discussed characteristics of marine enzymes as well as the sources of marine enzymes, ranging from primitive organisms to vertebrates, and presented the importance, advantages, and challenges of using marine enzymes with a summary of their applications in a variety of industries. Current biotechnological advancements need the study of novel marine enzymes that could be applied in a variety of ways. Resources of marine enzyme can benefit greatly for biotechnological applications duo to their biocompatible, ecofriendly and high effectiveness. It is beneficial to use the unique characteristics offered by marine enzymes to either develop new processes and products or improve existing ones. As a result, marine-derived enzymes have promising potential and are an excellent candidate for a variety of biotechnology applications and a future rise in the use of marine enzymes is to be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ghattavi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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5
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Mai Z, Wang L, Zeng Q. Characterization of a novel isoflavone glycoside-hydrolyzing β-glucosidase from mangrove soil metagenomic library. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 569:61-65. [PMID: 34229124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the beneficial pharmacological properties of isoflavonoids and their related glycoconjugates, there is increasingly interest in their enzymatic conversion. In this study, a novel β-glucosidase gene isolated from metagenomic library of mangrove sediment was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The purified recombination β-glucosidase, designated as r-Bgl66, showed high catalytic activity for soy isoflavone glycosides. It converted soy isoflavone flour extract with the productivities of 0.87 mM/h for daidzein, 0.59 mM/h for genistein and 0.42 mM/h for glycitein. The kcat/Km values for daidzin, genistin and glycitin were 208.73, 222.37 and 288.07 mM-1 s-1, respectively. In addition, r-Bgl66 also exhibited the characteristic of glucose-tolerance, and the inhibition constant Ki was 471.4 mM. These properties make it a good candidate in the enzymatic hydrolysis of soy isoflavone glycosides. This study also highlights the utility of metagenomic approach in discovering novel β-glucosidase for soy isoflavone glycosides hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimao Mai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Unconventional β-Glucosidases: A Promising Biocatalyst for Industrial Biotechnology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2993-3016. [PMID: 33871765 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases primarily catalyze removal of terminal glucosyl residues from a variety of glucoconjugates and also perform transglycosylation and reverse hydrolysis. These catalytic properties can be readily exploited for degradation of lignocellulosic biomass as well as for pharmaceutical, food and flavor industries. β-Glucosidases have been either isolated in the native form from the producer organism or recombinantly expressed and gaged for their biochemical properties and substrate specificities. Although almond and Aspergillus niger have been instantly recognizable sources of β-glucosidases utilized for various applications, an intricate pool of novel β-glucosidases from different sources can provide their potent replacements. Moreover, one can envisage the better efficacy of these novel candidates in biofuel and biorefinery industries facilitating efficient degradation of biomass. This article reviews properties of the novel β-glucosidases such as glucose tolerance and activation, substrate specificity, and thermostability which can be useful for their applications in lignocellulose degradation, food industry, and pharmaceutical industry in comparison with the β-glucosidases from the conventional sources. Such β-glucosidases have potential for encouraging white biotechnology.
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7
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Delgado L, Heckmann CM, Di Pisa F, Gourlay L, Paradisi F. Release of Soybean Isoflavones by Using a β-Glucosidase from Alicyclobacillus herbarius. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1223-1231. [PMID: 33237595 PMCID: PMC8048572 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases are used in the food industry to hydrolyse glycosidic bonds in complex sugars, with enzymes sourced from extremophiles better able to tolerate the process conditions. In this work, a novel β-glycosidase from the acidophilic organism Alicyclobacillus herbarius was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). AheGH1 was stable over a broad range of pH values (5-11) and temperatures (4-55 °C). The enzyme exhibited excellent tolerance to fructose and good tolerance to glucose, retaining 65 % activity in the presence of 10 % (w/v) glucose. It also tolerated organic solvents, some of which appeared to have a stimulating effect, in particular ethanol with a 1.7-fold increase in activity at 10 % (v/v). The enzyme was then applied for the cleavage of isoflavone from isoflavone glucosides in an ethanolic extract of soy flour, to produce soy isoflavones, which constitute a valuable food supplement, full conversion was achieved within 15 min at 30 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Delgado
- University of Nottingham, School of ChemistryDepartment of Chemical BiologyUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Christian M. Heckmann
- University of Nottingham, School of ChemistryDepartment of Chemical BiologyUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Flavio Di Pisa
- Dipartimento di BioscienzeUniversità di MilanoVia Celoria 2620133MilanItaly
| | - Louise Gourlay
- Dipartimento di BioscienzeUniversità di MilanoVia Celoria 2620133MilanItaly
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- University of Nottingham, School of ChemistryDepartment of Chemical BiologyUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
- University of BernDepartment of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
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8
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Yadav S, Pandey AK, Dubey SK. Molecular modeling, docking and simulation dynamics of β-glucosidase reveals high-efficiency, thermo-stable, glucose tolerant enzyme in Paenibacillus lautus BHU3 strain. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:371-382. [PMID: 33310096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme β-glucosidase mediates the rate limiting step of conversion of cellobiose to glucose and thus plays a vital role in the process of cellulose degradation. The present study deals with analysis of the effective novel strain of Paenibacillus lautus BHU3 for identifying high-efficiency thermostable, glucose tolerant β-glucosidases. Seven counterparts with elevated Tm values ranging from 64.6 to 75.8 °C with high thermo-stability, were revealed through this analysis. The blind molecular docking of the model enzymes structures with cellobiose and pNPG gave high negative interaction energies ranging from -11.33 to -13.29 and -6.43 to -9.054 (kcal mol-1), respectively. The enzyme WP_096774744.1 effectively formed 5 hydrogen bonds with the highest interaction energy (-13.29 kcal mol-1) with cellobiose at its catalytic site. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis performed for the WP_096774744.1-pNPG complex predicted Glu5, Arg7, Lue68, Gly69 and Phe325 as the major contributing residues for accomplishing hydrolysis of β-1-4-linkage. Further, the molecular docking of WP_096774744.1 enzyme with glucose revealed a distinct glucose-binding site distant from the substrate-binding site, thus confirming the deficient competitive inhibition by glucose. Hence, WP_096774744.1 β-glucosidase appears to be an efficient enzyme with enhanced activity to biodegrade the cellulosic materials and highly relevant for waste management and various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Yadav
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anand Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, 284128, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Dubey
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Ariaeenejad S, Nooshi-Nedamani S, Rahban M, Kavousi K, Pirbalooti AG, Mirghaderi S, Mohammadi M, Mirzaei M, Salekdeh GH. A Novel High Glucose-Tolerant β-Glucosidase: Targeted Computational Approach for Metagenomic Screening. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:813. [PMID: 32850705 PMCID: PMC7406677 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate-limiting component of cellulase for efficient degradation of lignocellulosic biomass through the enzymatic route depends on glucosidase’s sensitivity to the end product (glucose). Therefore, there is still a keen interest in finding glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase (BGL) that is active at high glucose concentrations. The main objective of this study was to identify, isolate, and characterize novel highly glucose-tolerant and halotolerant β-glucosidase gene (PersiBGL1) from the mixed genome DNA of sheep rumen metagenome as a suitable environment for efficient cellulase by computationally guided experiments instead of costly functional screening. At first, an in silico screening approach was utilized to find primary candidate enzymes with superior properties. The structure-dependent mechanism of glucose tolerance was investigated for candidate enzymes. Among the computationally selected candidates, PersiBGL1 was cloned, isolated, and structurally characterized, which achieved very high activity in relatively high temperatures and alkaline pH and was successfully used for the hydrolysis of cellobiose. This enzyme exhibits a very high glucose tolerance, with the highest inhibition constant Ki (8.8 M) among BGLs reported so far and retained 75% of its initial activity in the presence of 10 M glucose. Furthermore, a group of multivalent metal, including Mg2+, Mn2+, and Ca2+, as a cofactor, could improve the catalytic efficiency of PersiBGL1. Our results demonstrated the power of computational selected candidates to discover novel glucose tolerance BGL, effective for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Safura Nooshi-Nedamani
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahdie Rahban
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Ghasemi Pirbalooti
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - SeyedSoheil Mirghaderi
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mohammadi
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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10
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Miranda LCR, Gomes RJ, Mandarino JMG, Ida EI, Spinosa WA. Acetic Acid Fermentation of Soybean Molasses and Characterisation of the Produced Vinegar. Food Technol Biotechnol 2020; 58:84-90. [PMID: 32684792 PMCID: PMC7365339 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.58.01.20.6292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean molasses is a by-product from the production of protein concentrate from soybean meal that predominantly contains sugars, with sucrose as the major component. In Brazil, soybean molasses is used for animal feed or it is discarded, although some industries use it to produce ethanol. This study aims to evaluate the parameters required for the acetic acid fermentation of soybean molasses, and characterise the resultant vinegar. To study the most suitable parameters for the acetic acid fermentation, vinegar was produced from the alcohol fermentation of soybean molasses through eight fermentation cycles: five for adaptation and three for production. The average acidity of the acetic acid fermentation product was 50.60 g/L, with an acetic acid fermentation yield, total yield of acetic acid in broth and productivity 65.01%, 92.76% and 0.033 g/(L·h), respectively. The vinegar produced from soybean molasses has an acidity of 5.07% (m/V), residual ethanol content 0.17% (m/V), sugars 7.86% (m/V), dry extract 14.67% (m/V), ash 2.27% (m/V) and a density of 1.023 g/cm3. The contents of total phenolics and isoflavones decreased after the alcohol and acetic acid fermentations. Moreover, the isoflavones profile of the fermented product comprised only three forms: daidzein, glycitin and genistin. According to our results, 3460 L of vinegar can be produced for every tonne of soy molasses, with an acetic acid concentration of 40 g/L, the minimum required by the legislation on vinegar production. Thus, these findings demonstrate that soy molasses represents a useful raw material for the production of vinegar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Caldeirão Rodrigues Miranda
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Londrina State University, Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445) Road, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo José Gomes
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Londrina State University, Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445) Road, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Elza Iouko Ida
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Londrina State University, Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445) Road, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Wilma Aparecida Spinosa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Londrina State University, Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445) Road, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Kim DY, Kim J, Lee SH, Chung C, Shin DH, Ku BH, Son KH, Park HY. A d-glucose- and d-xylose-tolerant GH1 β-glucosidase from Cellulosimicrobium funkei HY-13, a fibrolytic gut bacterium of Eisenia fetida. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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In silico Approach to Elucidate Factors Associated with GH1 β-Glucosidase Thermostability. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.4.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Wally APDS, Hoffmann JF, Bauer VRP, Chaves FC, Pesek JJ, Vanier NL, Elias MC. Isoflavone profile and protein molecular weight distribution of soy protein concentrates after soaking treatments. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Fernanda Hoffmann
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brasil
| | | | - Fabio Clasen Chaves
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brasil
| | - Joseph J. Pesek
- Department of Chemistry San Jose State University San Jose California
| | - Nathan Levien Vanier
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brasil
| | - Moacir Cardoso Elias
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brasil
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14
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Escuder-Rodríguez JJ, DeCastro ME, Cerdán ME, Rodríguez-Belmonte E, Becerra M, González-Siso MI. Cellulases from Thermophiles Found by Metagenomics. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030066. [PMID: 29996513 PMCID: PMC6165527 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulases are a heterogeneous group of enzymes that synergistically catalyze the hydrolysis of cellulose, the major component of plant biomass. Such reaction has biotechnological applications in a broad spectrum of industries, where they can provide a more sustainable model of production. As a prerequisite for their implementation, these enzymes need to be able to operate in the conditions the industrial process requires. Thus, cellulases retrieved from extremophiles, and more specifically those of thermophiles, are likely to be more appropriate for industrial needs in which high temperatures are involved. Metagenomics, the study of genes and gene products from the whole community genomic DNA present in an environmental sample, is a powerful tool for bioprospecting in search of novel enzymes. In this review, we describe the cellulolytic systems, we summarize their biotechnological applications, and we discuss the strategies adopted in the field of metagenomics for the discovery of new cellulases, focusing on those of thermophilic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-José Escuder-Rodríguez
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Corunna, Spain.
| | - María-Eugenia DeCastro
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Corunna, Spain.
| | - María-Esperanza Cerdán
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Corunna, Spain.
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Belmonte
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Corunna, Spain.
| | - Manuel Becerra
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Corunna, Spain.
| | - María-Isabel González-Siso
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Corunna, Spain.
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Fusco FA, Fiorentino G, Pedone E, Contursi P, Bartolucci S, Limauro D. Biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable β-glucosidase from Dictyoglomus turgidum. Int J Biol Macromol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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Cao H, Zhang Y, Shi P, Ma R, Yang H, Xia W, Cui Y, Luo H, Bai Y, Yao B. A highly glucose-tolerant GH1 β-glucosidase with greater conversion rate of soybean isoflavones in monogastric animals. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 45:369-378. [PMID: 29744673 PMCID: PMC6028883 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the feed industry, β-glucosidase has been widely used in the conversion of inactive and bounded soybean isoflavones into active aglycones. However, the conversion is frequently inhibited by the high concentration of intestinal glucose in monogastric animals. In this study, a GH1 β-glucosidase (AsBG1) with high specific activity, thermostability and glucose tolerance (IC50 = 800 mM) was identified. It showed great glucose tolerance against substrates with hydrophobic aryl ligands (such as pNPG and soy isoflavones). Using soybean meal as the substrate, AsBG1 exhibited higher hydrolysis efficiency than the GH3 counterpart Bgl3A with or without the presence of glucose in the reaction system. Furthermore, it is the first time to find that the endogenous β-glucosidase of soybean meal, mostly belonging to GH3, plays a role in the hydrolysis of soybean isoflavones and is highly sensitive to glucose. These findings lead to a conclusion that the GH1 rather than GH3 β-glucosidase has prosperous application advantages in the conversion of soybean isoflavones in the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengjun Shi
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Cui
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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17
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A Simple Method for Beta-glucosidase Immobilization and Its Application in Soybean Isoflavone Glycosides Hydrolysis. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-017-0434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Chang F, Xue S, Xie X, Fang W, Fang Z, Xiao Y. Carbohydrate-binding module assisted purification and immobilization of β-glucosidase onto cellulose and application in hydrolysis of soybean isoflavone glycosides. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:185-191. [PMID: 29046264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Complicated purification steps, together with the fact that β-glucosidase has to be tolerant to ethanol restricts the application of β-glucosidase in isoflavone aglycone hydrolyzing process. β-Glucosidase Bgl1A(A24S/F297Y) is a promising enzyme in hydrolyzing isoflavones. In this work, six different carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), which were from 3 families, were fused to the C-terminal of Bgl1A(A24S/F297Y), respectively, to simplify the enzyme preparation process. The fusion proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and adsorbed onto cellulose. The Bgl-CBM24 was found to have the highest immobilization efficiency at room temperature within 1 h adsorption. Notably, 1-g cellulose absorbs up to 254.9±5.7 U of Bgl-CBM24. Interestingly, the immobilized Bgl-CBM24 showed improved ethanol tolerance ability, with the IC50 of 35% (v/v) ethanol. Bgl-CBM24 effectively hydrolyze soybean isoflavone glycosides. The hydrolysis rate of daidzin and gemistin was 85.22±3.24% and 82.14±3.82% within 10 min, with the concentrations of daidzein and genistein increased by 6.36±0.18 mM and 3.98±0.22 mM, respectively. In the repetitive hydrolytic cycles, the concentrations of daidzein and genistein still increased by 3.07±0.24 mM and 1.94±0.34 mM in the fourth cycle with 20% (v/v) ethanol. These results suggest that the immobilized Bgl-CBM24 has excellent potential in the preparation of isoflavone aglycones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Saisai Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiaqing Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Wei Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Zemin Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Yazhong Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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19
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Fan L, Xie P, Wang Y, Huang Z, Zhou J. Biosurfactant-Protein Interaction: Influences of Mannosylerythritol Lipids-A on β-Glucosidase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:238-246. [PMID: 29239606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the influences of a biosurfactant, mannosylerythritol lipids-A (MEL-A) toward β-glucosidase activity and their molecular interactions were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and docking simulation. The enzyme inhibition kinetics data showed that MEL-A at a low concentration (< critical micelle concentration (CMC), 20.0 ± 5.0 μM) enhanced β-glucosidase activity, whereas it inhibited the enzyme activity at higher concentrations more than 20.0 μM, followed by a decreased Vmax and Km of β-glucosidase. The thermodynamics and structural data demonstrated that the midpoint temperature (Tm) and unfolding enthalpy (ΔH) of β-glucosidase was shifted to high values (76.6 °C, 126.3 J/g) in the presence of MEL-A, and the secondary structure changes of β-glucosidase, including the increased α-helix, β-turn, or random coil contents, and a decreased β-sheet content were caused by MEL-A at a CMC concentration. The further ITC and docking simulations suggested the bindings of MEL-A toward β-glucosidase were driven by weak hydrophobic interactions happened between the amino acid residues of β-glucosidase and the fatty acid residues of MEL-A, in addition to hydrogen bonds between amino acids and hydroxyl in glycosyl residues of this biosurfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fan
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Pujun Xie
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF , Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Zisu Huang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhou
- Institute of Agro-product Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
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20
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Kulkarni TS, Khan S, Villagomez R, Mahmood T, Lindahl S, Logan DT, Linares-Pastén JA, Nordberg Karlsson E. Crystal structure of β-glucosidase 1A fromThermotoga neapolitanaand comparison of active site mutants for hydrolysis of flavonoid glucosides. Proteins 2017; 85:872-884. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tejas S. Kulkarni
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry; Lund University; Lund SE-221 00 Sweden
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry; Lund University; Lund SE-221 00 Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Rodrigo Villagomez
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Lund University; Lund SE-221 00 Sweden
| | - Tahir Mahmood
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry; Lund University; Lund SE-221 00 Sweden
| | - Sofia Lindahl
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Lund University; Lund SE-221 00 Sweden
- Borregaard; Sarpsborg 1701 Norway
| | - Derek T. Logan
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry; Lund University; Lund SE-221 00 Sweden
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21
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Hydrolysis of isoflavone in black soy milk using cellulose bead as enzyme immobilizer. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:788-795. [PMID: 28911617 PMCID: PMC9337284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of a catalytic system to enrich isoflavone aglycones in black soybean milk was investigated in this study. Beta-glucosidase, which was covalently immobilized onto cellulose beads, exhibited a significant efficiency for the conversion of 4-nitrophenyl β-d-glucuronide to p-nitrophenol over the sol–gel method. The Michaelis constant (Km) of the cellulose bead enzymatic system was determined to be 1.50 ± 0.10 mM. Operational reusability of the cellulose bead enzymatic system was justified for more than 10 batch reactions in black soy milk. Moreover, the storage stability verification indicated that the cellulose bead catalytic system was able to sustain its highest catalytic activity for 10 days. High-performance liquid chromatography results demonstrated that this enzymatic system required only 30 minutes to achieve complete isoflavone deglycosylation, and the aglycone content in the total isoflavones in black soy milk was enriched by 67% within 30 minutes by the cellulose bead enzymatic system.
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22
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Fang W, Yang Y, Zhang X, Yin Q, Zhang X, Wang X, Fang Z, Yazhong X. Improve ethanol tolerance of β-glucosidase Bgl1A by semi-rational engineering for the hydrolysis of soybean isoflavone glycosides. J Biotechnol 2016; 227:64-71. [PMID: 27084057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A β-glucosidase Bgl1A variant (A24S/F297Y) with improved ethanol tolerance was obtained by semi-rational engineering. At 30-40°C, IC50 values (the amount required for inhibiting 50% enzyme activity) of the variant for ethanol were 17-30% (v/v), 1.4- to 2.4-fold of Bgl1A. When incubating in 15% (v/v) ethanol at 30°C, the half-life of A24S/F297Y was 13min; whereas Bgl1A lost all enzyme activity within 5min. A24S/F297Y was more stable at pH 7.5 than at pH 6.5, and more than 50% of the original activity remained after incubation at 30°C for 10h. At 35°C and pH 7.5, the half-life of A24S/F297Y was 80min, 4.3 times longer than that of Bgl1A. When converting isoflavone glycosides to aglycones using A24S/F297Y as catalyst, the hydrolysis rates were 99% for daidzin and 98% for genistin. The concentrations of daidzein and genistein rapidly increased by 7.02mM and 4.35mM within 10min, respectively. These results showed that A24S/F297Y was a promising candidate for the enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean isoflavone glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Qiang Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xuecheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiaotang Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Zemin Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Xiao Yazhong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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23
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Yan FY, Xia W, Zhang XX, Chen S, Nie XZ, Qian LC. Characterization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus terreus and its application in the hydrolysis of soybean isoflavones. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 17:455-64. [PMID: 27256679 PMCID: PMC4913794 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An extracellular β-glucosidase produced by Aspergillus terreus was identified, purified, characterized and was tested for the hydrolysis of soybean isoflavone. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with tandem time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS) revealed the protein to be a member of the glycosyl hydrolase family 3 with an apparent molecular mass of about 120 kDa. The purified β-glucosidase showed optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 65 °C and was very stable at 50 °C. Moreover, the enzyme exhibited good stability over pH 3.0-8.0 and possessed high tolerance towards pepsin and trypsin. The kinetic parameters Km (apparent Michaelis-Menten constant) and Vmax (maximal reaction velocity) for p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) were 1.73 mmol/L and 42.37 U/mg, respectively. The Km and Vmax for cellobiose were 4.11 mmol/L and 5.7 U/mg, respectively. The enzyme efficiently converted isoflavone glycosides to aglycones, with a hydrolysis rate of 95.8% for daidzin, 86.7% for genistin, and 72.1% for glycitin. Meanwhile, the productivities were 1.14 mmol/(L·h) for daidzein, 0.72 mmol/(L·h) for genistein, and 0.19 mmol/(L·h) for glycitein. This is the first report on the application of A. terreus β-glucosidase for converting isoflavone glycosides to their aglycones in soybean products.
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24
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Wang M, Lu X. Exploring the Synergy between Cellobiose Dehydrogenase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Cellulase from Trichoderma reesei. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:620. [PMID: 27199949 PMCID: PMC4850161 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent demands for the production of lignocellulose biofuels boosted research on cellulase. Hydrolysis efficiency and production cost of cellulase are two bottlenecks in “biomass to biofuels” process. The Trichoderma cellulase mixture is one of the most commonly used enzymes for cellulosic hydrolysis. During hydrolytic process cellobiose accumulation causes feedback inhibition against most cellobiohydrolases and endoglucanases. In this study, we demonstrated the synergism effects between cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) and cellulase both in vitro and in vivo. The CDH from Phanerochaete chrysosporium was heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. Supplementation of the purified CDH in Trichoderma cellulase increased the cellulase activities. Especially β-glucosidase activity was increased by 30–100% varying at different time points. On the other hand, the cdh gene was heterologously expressed in Trichoderma reesei to explore the synergism between CDH and cellulases in vivo. The analyses of gene expression and enzymatic profiles of filter paper activity, carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and β-glucosidase show the increased cellulase activity and the enhanced cellulase production in the cdh-expressing strains. The results elucidate a possible mechanism for diminishing the cellobiose inhibition of cellulase by CDH. These findings provide a novel perspective to make more economic enzyme cocktails for commercial application or explore alternative strategies for generating cellulase-producing strains with higher efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China
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25
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Byun DH, Choi HJ, Lee HW, Jeon HY, Choung WJ, Shim JH. Properties and applications of β-glycosidase fromBacteroides thetaiotaomicronthat specifically hydrolyses isoflavone glycosides. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Byun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; and Center for Aging and Health Care; Hallym University; 1 Hallymdaehak-gil Chuncheon Gwangwon-do 200-702 Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; and Center for Aging and Health Care; Hallym University; 1 Hallymdaehak-gil Chuncheon Gwangwon-do 200-702 Korea
| | - Hye-Won Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; and Center for Aging and Health Care; Hallym University; 1 Hallymdaehak-gil Chuncheon Gwangwon-do 200-702 Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Jeon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; and Center for Aging and Health Care; Hallym University; 1 Hallymdaehak-gil Chuncheon Gwangwon-do 200-702 Korea
| | - Woo-Jae Choung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; and Center for Aging and Health Care; Hallym University; 1 Hallymdaehak-gil Chuncheon Gwangwon-do 200-702 Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Shim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; and Center for Aging and Health Care; Hallym University; 1 Hallymdaehak-gil Chuncheon Gwangwon-do 200-702 Korea
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26
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Fang W, Song R, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wang X, Fang Z, Xiao Y. Characterization of a novel β-glucosidase from Gongronella sp. W5 and its application in the hydrolysis of soybean isoflavone glycosides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11688-95. [PMID: 25389558 DOI: 10.1021/jf502850z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel β-glucosidase named BglW5 from Gongronella sp. was isolated, purified, and characterized for the first time. Under solid state fermentation, the yield of BglW5 was 49.9 U/g fermented medium. BglW5 was stable over a wide pH range of 3.0-8.5 and retained more than 50% of its maximal activity after incubation at 25 °C for 96 h. The half-lives of BglW5 were 20 h at 60 °C, and 1 h at 70 °C. The activity of BglW5 was stimulated by xylose and fructose at concentrations up to 500 mM, with maximal stimulatory effect of 1.6-fold and 2.2-fold, respectively. BglW5 converted isoflavone glycosides to aglycones, with a hydrolysis rate of 96.2% for daidzin and 96.7% for genistin. The productivities were 1.5 mmol L(-1) h(-1) for daidzein and 1.23 mmol L(-1) h(-1) for genistein, respectively. These features suggest that BglW5 has great application potential in the hydrolysis of soybean isoflavone glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University , Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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27
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Sun H, Xue Y, Lin Y. Enhanced catalytic efficiency in quercetin-4'-glucoside hydrolysis of Thermotoga maritima β-glucosidase A by site-directed mutagenesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6763-70. [PMID: 24933681 DOI: 10.1021/jf501932v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Te-BglA and Tm-BglA are glycoside hydrolase family 1 β-glucosidases from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus JW200 and Thermotoga maritima, respectively, with 53% sequence identity. However, Te-BglA could more effectively hydrolyze isoflavone glucosides to their aglycones than could Tm-BglA, possibly due to the difference in amino acid residues around their glycone binding pockets. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace the amino acid residues of Tm-BglA with the corresponding residues of Te-BglA, generating three single mutants (F221L, N223L, and G224T), as well as the corresponding three double mutants (F221L/N223L, F221L/G224T, and N223L/G224T) and one triple mutant (F221L/N223L/G224T). The seven mutants have been purified, characterized, and compared to the wild-type Tm-BglA. The effects of the mutations on kinetics, enzyme activity, and substrate specificity were determined. All mutants showed pH-activity curves narrower on the basic side and wider on the acid side and had similar optimal pH and stability at pH 6.5-8.3. They were more stable up to 85 °C, but G224T displayed higher optimal temperature than Tm-BglA. Seven mutants indicated an obvious increase in catalytic efficiency toward p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) but an increase or not change in K(m). All mutants showed a decrease in catalytic efficiency of isoflavonoid glycosides and were not changed for F221L and lost for N223L in enzymatic hydrolysis on quercetin glucosides. Contrarily, G224T resulted in a dramatic increase conversion of Q4' (35.5%) and Q3,4' (28.6%) in accord with an increased turnover number (k(cat), 1.4×) and catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m), 2.2×) as well as a decrease in K(m) (0.24) for Q4'. Modeling showed that G224T mutation at position 224 may enhance the interaction between G224T and 5-OH and 3-OH on the quercetin backbone of Q4'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Sun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, GinLing College, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China 210097
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Maitan-Alfenas GP, de A Lage LG, de Almeida MN, Visser EM, de Rezende ST, Guimarães VM. Hydrolysis of soybean isoflavones by Debaryomyces hansenii UFV-1 immobilised cells and free β-glucosidase. Food Chem 2014; 146:429-36. [PMID: 24176363 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An intracellular β-glucosidase from Debaryomyceshansenii UFV-1 was produced in an YP medium with cellobiose as the carbon source. This enzyme was purified, characterised and presented a Mr of 65.15kDa. Yeast cells containing the intracellular β-glucosidase were immobilised in calcium alginate. The free β-glucosidase and immobilised cells containing the enzyme presented optima values of pH and temperature of 6.0 and 45°C and 5.5 and 50°C, respectively. The free enzyme maintained 62% and 47% of its original activity after 90days at 4°C and after 15days at room temperature, respectively. The immobilisation process resulted in higher enzyme thermostability at 45 and 50°C. Soy molasses treatment with the free enzyme and the immobilised cells containing β-glucosidase, for 2h at 40°C, promoted efficient hydrolysis of isoflavone glicosides to their aglycon forms. The results suggest that this enzyme could be used in the food industry, in the free or immobilised forms, for a safe and efficient process to hydrolyse isoflavone glycosides in soy molasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela P Maitan-Alfenas
- Dep. Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36.570-000, Brazil
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Lee SH, Seo MH, Oh DK. Deglycosylation of isoflavones in isoflavone-rich soy germ flour by Aspergillus oryzae KACC 40247. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12101-10. [PMID: 24266868 DOI: 10.1021/jf403130n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae KACC 40247 was selected as an efficient daidzein-producing fungus from strains of the genus Aspergillus by using 5% (w/v) soy germ flour (SGF) as an isoflavone-glycoside-rich medium. The culture conditions, including SGF concentration, agitation speed, initial pH, temperature, and time, were optimized as follows: 7% (w/v) SGF, initial pH 6.0, 33 °C, 300 rpm, and 24 h in a 100 mL baffled flask. The determined amount of isoflavone aglycons in SGF using 50% ethyl acetate was the highest among the solvent systems tested and it was 3.7-fold higher than that using 70% methanol. Under the optimized conditions, the content and concentration of daidzein were 134 mg/g of SGF and 9.4 g/L, respectively, with a productivity of 391 ± 2.8 mg/L/h, and those of isoflavone aglycons were 165 mg/g of SGF and 11.5 g/L, respectively, with a productivity of 479 mg/L/h. Optimization of culture conditions increased the content, concentration, and productivity of isoflavone aglycons by 3.1-, 3.0-, and 3.7-fold, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the highest production of isoflavone aglycons reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Hwa Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Xue YM, Song XF, Xu CY, Sun HH, Cao ZG. Residues affecting hydrolysis of soy isoflavone glycosides, stability and catalytic properties of Thermotoga maritima β-glucosidase. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683813050153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Chen KI, Lo YC, Liu CW, Yu RC, Chou CC, Cheng KC. Enrichment of two isoflavone aglycones in black soymilk by using spent coffee grounds as an immobiliser for β-glucosidase. Food Chem 2013; 139:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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An effective and green method for the extraction and purification of aglycone isoflavones from soybean. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Ahn-Jarvis JH, Riedl KM, Schwartz SJ, Vodovotz Y. Design and selection of soy breads used for evaluating isoflavone bioavailability in clinical trials. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3111-20. [PMID: 23451757 PMCID: PMC3804034 DOI: 10.1021/jf304699k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To modulate isoflavone aglycone composition within a soy functional food, soy ingredients were processed and evaluated in a soy bread system intended for clinical trials. A soy flour/soy milk mixture (SM) was boiled, fermented, steamed, or roasted prior to dough preparation. The isoflavone compositions of five processed SM and their corresponding breads combined with and without β-glucosidase-rich almonds were examined using HPLC. Isoflavone malonyl-glucosides (>80%) were converted into acetyl and simple glucoside forms (substrates more favorable for β-glucosidase) in steamed and roasted SM. Their corresponding breads had isoflavones predominately as aglycones (∼75%) with soy-almond bread with steamed SM being more consumer acceptable than roasted. Isoflavone composition in soy bread was stable during frozen storage and toasting. A suitable glycoside-rich soy bread (31.6 ± 2.1 mg aglycone equiv/slice) using unprocessed SM and an aglycone-rich soy-almond bread (31.1 ± 1.9 mg aglycone equiv/slice) using steamed SM were developed to evaluate fundamental questions of isoflavone bioavailability in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Ahn-Jarvis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 110 Parker Building, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kenneth M. Riedl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 110 Parker Building, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Steven J. Schwartz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 110 Parker Building, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yael Vodovotz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 110 Parker Building, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Pei J, Pang Q, Zhao L, Fan S, Shi H. Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum β-glucosidase: a glucose-tolerant enzyme with high specific activity for cellobiose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012; 5:31. [PMID: 22571470 PMCID: PMC3395577 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Glucosidase is an important component of the cellulase enzyme system. It does not only participate in cellulose degradation, it also plays an important role in hydrolyzing cellulose to fermentable glucose by relieving the inhibition of exoglucanase and endoglucanase from cellobiose. Therefore, the glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase with high specific activity for cellobiose might be a potent candidate for industrial applications. RESULTS The β-glucosidase gene bgl that encodes a 443-amino-acid protein was cloned and over-expressed from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum DSM 571 in Escherichia coli. The phylogenetic trees of β-glucosidases were constructed using Neighbor-Joining (NJ) and Maximum-Parsimony (MP) methods. The phylogeny and amino acid analysis indicated that the BGL was a novel β-glucosidase. By replacing the rare codons for the N-terminal amino acids of the target protein, the expression level of bgl was increased from 6.6 to 11.2 U/mg in LB medium. Recombinant BGL was purified by heat treatment followed by Ni-NTA affinity. The optimal activity was at pH 6.4 and 70°C. The purified enzyme was stable over pH range of 5.2-7.6 and had a 1 h half life at 68°C. The activity of BGL was significantly enhanced by Fe2+ and Mn2+. The Vmax of 64 U/mg and 120 U/mg were found for p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Km value of 0.62 mM) and cellobiose (Km value of 7.9 mM), respectively. It displayed high tolerance to glucose and cellobiose. The Kcat for cellobiose was 67.7 s-1 at 60°C and pH 6.4, when the concentration of cellobiose was 290 mM. It was activated by glucose at concentrations lower that 200 mM. With glucose further increasing, the enzyme activity of BGL was gradually inhibited, but remained 50% of the original value in even as high as 600 mM glucose. CONCLUSIONS The article provides a useful novel β-glucosidase which displayed favorable properties: high glucose and cellobiose tolerance, independence of metal ions, and high hydrolysis activity on cellobiose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Pei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Pang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China
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Yeom SJ, Kim BN, Kim YS, Oh DK. Hydrolysis of isoflavone glycosides by a thermostable β-glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1535-41. [PMID: 22251001 DOI: 10.1021/jf204432g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The recombinant β-glucosidase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus was purified with a specific activity of 330 U/mg for genistin by His-trap chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme followed the order genistin > daidzin > glycitin> malonyl glycitin > malonyl daidzin > malonyl genistin. The hydrolytic activity for genistin was highest at pH 6.0 and 95 °C with a half-life of 59 h, a K(m) of 0.5 mM, and a k(cat) of 6050 1/s. The enzyme completely hydrolyzed 1.0 mM genistin, daidzin, and glycitin within 100, 140, and 180 min, respectively. The soybean flour extract at 7.5% (w/v) contained 1.0 mM genistin, 0.9 mM daidzin, and 0.3 mM glycitin. Genistin, daidzin, and glycitin in the soybean flour extract were completely hydrolyzed after 60, 75, and 120 min, respectively. Of the reported β-glucosidases, P. furiosusβ-glucosidase exhibited the highest thermostability, k(cat), k(cat)/K(m), yield, and productivity for hydrolyzing genistin. These results suggest that this enzyme may be useful for the industrial hydrolysis of isoflavone glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Yeom
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Kim YS, Yeom SJ, Oh DK. Characterization of a GH3 family β-glucosidase from Dictyoglomus turgidum and its application to the hydrolysis of isoflavone glycosides in spent coffee grounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11812-11818. [PMID: 21919440 DOI: 10.1021/jf2025192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A recombinant β-glucosidase from Dictyoglomus turgidum was purified with a specific activity of 31 U/mg by His-Trap affinity chromatography. D. turgidum β-glucosidase was identified as a memmber of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) 3 family on the basis of its amino acid sequence. The native enzyme existed as an 86 kDa monomer with an activity maximum at pH 5 and 85 °C with a half-life of 334 min. The hydrolytic activity of the enzyme with aryl-glycoside substrates was the highest for p-nitrophenyl (pNP)-β-D-glucopyranoside (with a K(m) of 1.3 mM and a k(cat) of 13900 1/s), followed by oNP-β-D-glucopyranoside, pNP-β-D-xylopyranoside, pNP-β-D-fucopyranoside, and pNP-β-D-galactopyranoside. However, no activity was observed for oNP-β-D-galactopyranoside, pNP-α-D-glucopyranoside, pNP-α-D-glucopyranoside, pNP-β-D-mannopyranoside, pNP-β-L-arabinopyranoside, and pNP-α-L-rhamnopyranoside. The hydrolytic activity of the β-glucosidase for coffee isoflavones followed the order genistin (with a K(m) of 0.67 mM and a k(cat) of 5750 1/s) > daidzin > ononin > glycitin. The concentrations of daidzin in ground coffee and spent coffee grounds were 160 and 107 μg/g, respectively, but other isoflavones were present at low concentrations or absent. The enzyme completely hydrolyzed 1.2 mM daidzin in spent coffee grounds after 2 h, with a productivity of 0.6 mM/h. This is the first report concerning the enzymatic hydrolysis of isoflavone glycosides in spent coffee grounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Su Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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