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Dăescu AM, Nistor M, Nicolescu A, Pop R, Bunea A, Rugina D, Pintea A. Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Protective Effect of Amelanchier lamarckii Extract. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1347. [PMID: 38794418 PMCID: PMC11125170 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the chemical content of Romanian juneberries (Amelanchier lamarckii), their effect on antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities, and their bioaccessibility after simulated in-vitro digestion. In Amelanchier lamarckii extract (AME), 16 polyphenolic compounds were identified by LC-ESI+-MS analysis. The most representative compounds found in the extract were cyanidin-galactoside, 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid, feruloylquinic acid, and kaempferol, all belonging to the anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and flavonols subclasses. The polyphenols of AME exert quenching abilities of harmful reactive oxygen species, as the CUPRAC antioxidant assay value was 323.99 µmol Trolox/g fruit (FW), whereas the FRAP antioxidant value was 4.10 μmol Fe2+/g fruit (FW). Enzyme inhibition assays targeting tyrosinase (IC50 = 8.843 mg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50 = 14.03 mg/mL), and acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 49.55 mg/mL) were used for a screening of AME's inhibitory potential against these key enzymes as a common approach for the discovery of potential antidiabetic, skin pigmentation, and neurodegenerative effects. The screening for the potential antidiabetic effects due to the α-glucosidase inhibition was performed in glucose-induced disease conditions in a human retinal pigmented epithelial cell experimental model, proving that AME could have protective potential. In conclusion, AME is a valuable source of phenolic compounds with promising antioxidant potential and metabolic disease-protective effects, warranting further investigation for its use in the nutraceutical and health industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Maria Dăescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.M.D.); (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Mădălina Nistor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.M.D.); (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexandru Nicolescu
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Advanced Horticulture Research of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Roxana Pop
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.M.D.); (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Bunea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.M.D.); (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Dumitrita Rugina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.M.D.); (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Adela Pintea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.M.D.); (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.B.)
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Karapatzak E, Papagrigoriou T, Papanastasi K, Dichala O, Karydas A, Nikisianis N, Patakioutas G, Lazari D, Krigas N, Maloupa E. From the Wild to the Field: Documentation, Propagation, Pilot Cultivation, Fertilization, and Phytochemical Evaluation of the Neglected and Underutilized Amelanchier ovalis Medik. (Rosaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12051142. [PMID: 36904004 PMCID: PMC10006941 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The snowy Mespilus, or serviceberry (Amelanchier ovalis Medik., Rosaceae) represents a neglected and underutilized small fruit tree species with high nutritional value. In this work, we present the results of a long-term study facilitating the sustainable exploitation of A. ovalis as a new germplasm resource from the Greek flora. Ten wild-growing population samples of A. ovalis have been collected from natural habitats in northern Greece. Asexual propagation trials on these materials delivered successful propagation (83.3% rooting) on a selected genotype via leafy cuttings of young, primary, non-lignified soft wood with the application of the rooting hormone. The ex situ cultivation potential of the selected genotype has been evaluated under distinct fertilization regimes in a pilot field trial. Three-year results of this ongoing trial have shown that A. ovalis does not require external nutrient enhancement to be established during its early stages since plant growth rates between conventional fertilization and control plants were similar for the first two years and higher compared to organic fertilization. Conventional fertilization delivered higher fresh fruit production in the third year, with higher fruit number and fruit size compared to organic fertilization and control plants. The phytochemical potential of the cultivated genotype was assessed via the total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of separate extracts from leaves, twigs, flowers, and young fruits, which revealed that individual plant organs have strong antioxidant activity despite their moderate total phenolic content. The multifaceted approach applied herein has provided novel data that may set the framework for further applied research toward the sustainable agronomic exploitation of Greek A. ovalis as a diversified superfood crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Karapatzak
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.); Tel.: +30-2310471110 (N.K.)
| | - Theodora Papagrigoriou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Papanastasi
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Dichala
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonis Karydas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos Nikisianis
- Systems of Forest and Environmental Development (SYSTADA), 8 Amasia, 55133 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giorgos Patakioutas
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina (UOI), 47100 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.); Tel.: +30-2310471110 (N.K.)
| | - Eleni Maloupa
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Asyakina L, Atuchin V, Drozdova M, Kozlova O, Prosekov A. Ex Vivo and In Vitro Antiaging and Antioxidant Extract Activity of the Amelanchier ovalis from Siberia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315156. [PMID: 36499480 PMCID: PMC9738774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids are biologically active substances that prevent aging and age-related diseases, e.g., cancer, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc. Cellular senescence is related to oxidative stress. The Siberian Federal District is rich in medicinal plants whose extracts contain phenolic acids. These plants can serve as raw materials for antiaging, antioxidant food supplements, and Amelanchier ovalis is one of them. In the present research, we tested the phytochemical profile of its extract for phenolic acids. Its geroprotective and antioxidant properties were studied both ex vivo and in vitro using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y-564 as a model organism. The chromotographic analysis revealed gallic, p-hydroxybenzoic, and protocatechuic acids, as well as derivatives of chlorogenic and gallic acids. The research involved 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL extracts of Amelanchier ovalis, all of which increased the growth and lifespan of yeast cells. In addition, the extracts increased the survival rate of yeast under oxidative stress. An in vitro experiment also demonstrated the antioxidant potential of Amelanchier ovalis against ABTS radicals. Therefore, the Amelanchier ovalis berry extract proved to be an excellent source of phenolic acids and may be recommended as a raw material for use in antioxidant and geroprotective food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Asyakina
- Laboratory of Natural Nutraceuticals Biotesting, Research Department, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Victor Atuchin
- Laboratory of Optical Materials and Structures, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Research and Development Department, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
- Department of Industrial Machinery Design, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia
- R&D Center “Advanced Electronic Technologies”, Tomsk State University, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Margarita Drozdova
- Laboratory of Natural Nutraceuticals Biotesting, Research Department, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Oksana Kozlova
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Alexander Prosekov
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
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Effects of Ozone Application on Microbiological Stability and Content of Sugars and Bioactive Compounds in the Fruit of the Saskatoon Berry ( Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196446. [PMID: 36234982 PMCID: PMC9570576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Saskatoon berry fruits are a valuable source of micro- and macronutrients, sugars, and compounds with health-promoting properties, the properties of which change during storage. This study presents the effects of applied gaseous ozone at 10 ppm for 15 and 30 min on microbiological stability, sugar content, and bioactive compounds for three cultivars and three clones of Saskatoon berry fruit. The ozonation process had a positive effect on reducing the microbial load of the fruit, which was observed on day 7 of storage for the two variants of ozonation time of 15 and 30 min compared to the control and also on the sugar profile of the “Thiessen” fruit, as well as clones no 5/6 and type H compared to the control sample, which was non-ozonated fruit. In the Saskatoon berry fruits analyzed, 21 polyphenolic compounds were identified, of which four belonged to the anthocyanin group whose main representative was the 3-O-glucoside cyanidin. The ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity (determined by DPPH· and ABTS+· methods) varied according to the cultivar and clone of the Saskatoon berry fruits analyzed and the ozone exposure time.
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Gorzelany J, Patyna M, Pluta S, Kapusta I, Balawejder M, Belcar J. The Effect of the Addition of Ozonated and Non-Ozonated Fruits of the Saskatoon Berry ( Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) on the Quality and Pro-Healthy Profile of Craft Wheat Beers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144544. [PMID: 35889416 PMCID: PMC9319635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into the suitability of domestic raw materials, including, for example, new wheat cultivars and fruit additives for the production of flavoured beers, is increasingly being undertaken by minibreweries and craft breweries. The fruits of the Saskatoon berry are an important source of bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols, but also macro- and microelements. The fruits of two Canadian cultivars of this species, 'Honeywood' and 'Thiessen', were used in this study. Physicochemical analysis showed that wheat beers with the addition of non-ozonated fruit were characterised by a higher ethanol content by 7.73% on average. On the other hand, enrichment of the beer product with fruit pulp obtained from the cv. 'Thiessen' had a positive effect on the degree of real attenuation and the polyphenol profile. Sensory evaluation of the beer product showed that wheat beers with the addition of 'Honeywood' fruit were characterised by the most balanced taste and aroma. On the basis of the conducted research, it can be concluded that fruits of both cvs. 'Honeywood' and 'Thiessen' can be used in the production of wheat beers, but the fermentation process has to be modified in order to obtain a higher yield of the fruit beer product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Józef Gorzelany
- Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Michał Patyna
- Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Stanisław Pluta
- Department of Horticultural Crop Breeding, the National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3 Street, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Maciej Balawejder
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 1A Street, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Justyna Belcar
- Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.G.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Bouyahya A, Omari NE, EL Hachlafi N, Jemly ME, Hakkour M, Balahbib A, El Menyiy N, Bakrim S, Naceiri Mrabti H, Khouchlaa A, Mahomoodally MF, Catauro M, Montesano D, Zengin G. Chemical Compounds of Berry-Derived Polyphenols and Their Effects on Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:3286. [PMID: 35630763 PMCID: PMC9146061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Berry-derived polyphenols are bioactive compounds synthesized and secreted by several berry fruits. These polyphenols feature a diversity of chemical compounds, including phenolic acids and flavonoids. Here, we report the beneficial health effects of berry-derived polyphenols and their therapeutical application on gut-microbiota-related diseases, including inflammation and cancer. Pharmacokinetic investigations have confirmed the absorption, availability, and metabolism of berry-derived polyphenols. In vitro and in vivo tests, as well as clinical trials, showed that berry-derived polyphenols can positively modulate the gut microbiota, inhibiting inflammation and cancer development. Indeed, these compounds inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and also promote beneficial bacteria. Moreover, berry-derived polyphenols exhibit therapeutic effects against different gut-microbiota-related disorders such as inflammation, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Moreover, these polyphenols can manage the inflammation via various mechanisms, in particular the inhibition of the transcriptional factor Nf-κB. Berry-derived polyphenols have also shown remarkable effects on different types of cancer, including colorectal, breast, esophageal, and prostate cancer. Moreover, certain metabolic disorders such as diabetes and atherosclerosis were also managed by berry-derived polyphenols through different mechanisms. These data showed that polyphenols from berries are a promising source of bioactive compounds capable of modulating the intestinal microbiota, and therefore managing cancer and associated metabolic diseases. However, further investigations should be carried out to determine the mechanisms of action of berry-derived polyphenol bioactive compounds to validate their safety and examinate their clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco;
| | - Naoufal EL Hachlafi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohmed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road Fez, Fez 30003, Morocco;
| | - Meryem El Jemly
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Mohammed VI for Health Science, Casablanca 82403, Morocco;
| | - Maryam Hakkour
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Genome, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco; (M.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Abdelaali Balahbib
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Genome, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco; (M.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate 34025, Morocco;
| | - Saad Bakrim
- Molecular Engineering, Valorization and Environment Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco;
| | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10000, Morocco;
| | - Aya Khouchlaa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate 34025, Morocco;
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius;
| | - Michelina Catauro
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
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Wojdyło A, Nowicka P. Profile of Phenolic Compounds of Prunus armeniaca L. Leaf Extract Determined by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and Their Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Cholinesterase, and Anti-Inflammatory Potency. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121869. [PMID: 34942972 PMCID: PMC8698879 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the limited information available in the literature concerning leaves as by-products of Prunus armeniaca cultivation, the aim of this work was to identify and characterize their principal polyphenolic constituents by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and screening in vitro biological potency as antioxidant capacity (ABTS, online ABTS, FRAP, ORAC), antidiabetic (α-amylase, α-glucosidase), anti-obesity (pancreatic lipase), anti-cholinesterase (AChE and BChE), and anti-inflammatory (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibitory activity. Comparison of different polyphenolic extracts of P. armeniaca cultivar leaves according to their quantitative composition revealed them to be exceptional sources of hydroxycinnamic acids, and to a lesser extent as sources of flavonols. Polyphenol-rich apricot leaf extract (PrALe) showed the most effective anti-obesity action through inhibition of pancreatic lipase, COX-1 and antioxidant capacity, especially the oxygen radical absorbance capacity, which was particularly correlated with polyphenolic compounds. Online ABTS radical UPLC-PDA-PDA analysis clearly demonstrated that the three predominant compounds of PrALe are quercetin-3-O-rutinoside > 5-O- and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, which basically contribute to antioxidant potential. These results assist in the evaluation of plant sources of potential new raw materials for application in different commercial sectors, especially for food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals production.
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Raj P, Louis XL, Yu L, Siow YL, Suh M, Aukema HM, Netticadan T. Saskatoon berry supplementation prevents cardiac remodeling without improving renal disease in an animal model of reno-cardiac syndrome. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13893. [PMID: 34459008 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Saskatoon berry (SKB) may have the potential to counter reno-cardiac syndrome owing to its antioxidant capacity. Here, we investigated the renal and cardiovascular effects of SKB-enriched diet in a rat model of reno-cardiac disease. Two groups of wild-type rats (+/+) and two groups of Hannover Sprague-Dawley (Han:SPRD-Cy/+) rats were given either regular diet or SKB diet (10% w/w total diet) for 8 weeks. Body weight, kidney weight, kidney water content, and left ventricle (LV) weight were measured. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by the tail-cuff method. Echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac structure and function. Serum creatinine and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured. Han:SPRD-Cy/+ rats had significantly higher kidney weight, kidney water content, LV weight, BP, and creatinine compared with wild-type rats (+/+). The SKB diet supplementation did not reduce kidney weight, kidney water content, BP, and LV weight in Han:SPRD-Cy/+ rats. The SKB diet also resulted in higher systolic BP in Han:SPRD-Cy/+rats. Han:SPRD-Cy/+rats showed cardiac structural remodeling (higher LV wall thickness) without any cardiac functional abnormalities. Han:SPRD-Cy/+ rats also had significantly higher creatinine whereas the concentration of MDA was not different. The SKB diet supplementation reduced cardiac remodeling and the concentration of MDA without altering the concentration of creatinine in Han:SPRD-Cy/+ rats. In conclusion, Han:SPRD-Cy/+ rats developed significant renal disease, high BP, and cardiac remodeling by 8 weeks without cardiac functional impairment. The SKB diet may be useful in preventing cardiac remodeling and oxidative stress in Han:SPRD-Cy/+rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Saskatoon berry (SKB) is widely consumed as fresh fruit or processed fruit items and has significant commercial value. It may offer health benefits due to the presence of bioactives such as anthocyanins. SKB has very good culinary flavors, and it is an economically viable fruit crop in many parts of the world. The disease-modifying benefits of SKB are mainly ascribed to the antioxidant nature of its bioactive content. Polycystic kidney disease is a serious condition that can lead to renal and cardiac abnormalities. Here, we showed that SKB supplementation was able to mitigate cardiac remodeling and lower the level of a marker of oxidative stress in an animal model of reno-cardiac syndrome. Our study suggests that SKB possesses beneficial cardioprotective properties. Further evidence from human studies may help in increasing the consumption of SKB as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pema Raj
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xavier L Louis
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Richardson Center for Functional Food and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Liping Yu
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yaw L Siow
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Miyoung Suh
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Richardson Center for Functional Food and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Richardson Center for Functional Food and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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9
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Grygorieva O, Vergun O, Klymenko S, Zhurba M, Horčinová Sedláčková V, Ivanišová E, Brindza J. Estimation of phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of leaves extracts of some selected non-traditional plants. POTRAVINARSTVO 2020. [DOI: 10.5219/1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the research is the determination of the total antioxidant activity and the content of phenolic compounds of the leaves of 12 species of non-traditional plants, namely, Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roem., Aronia mitschurinii A.K. Skvortsov & Maitul., Castanea sativa Mill., Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., Cornus mas L., Diospyros kaki L., Diospyros lotus L., Diospyros virginiana L., Lycium barbarum L., Lycium сhinense Mill., Pseudocydonia sinensis (Thouin) C.K. Schneid., Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Total phenolic content was evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent assay. Antioxidant activity was measured using two different methods (DPPH – 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, MRAP – molybdenum reducing antioxidant power). Significant variability was observed in phenolic compounds content and total antioxidant activity. Total polyphenol content ranged from 38.02 (Z. jujuba) to 80.58 (C. sativa) mg GAE.g-1 DM, total flavonoid content from 22.47 (P. sinensis) to 54.61 (L. barbarum) mg QE.g-1 DM and phenolic acids content from 3.51 (A. mitschurinii) to 24.67 (Ch. japonica) mg CAE.g-1 DM. All tested samples exhibited DPPH• radical scavenging activities with values from 6.92 (A. mitschurinii) to 9.0 (C. mas) mg TEAC.g-1 DM. Antioxidant activity by molybdenum reducing antioxidant power method ranged from 109.43 (A. mitschurinii) to 322.95 (C. mas) mg TEAC.g-1 DM. Differences between the species of non-traditional plants were significant in all observed parameters. Obtained results of phytochemical composition demonstrated the possibility of leaves' use of non-traditional plants as sources of valuable bioactive compounds with health-promoting and disease-preventing properties.
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The Impact of Maltodextrin and Inulin on the Protection of Natural Antioxidants in Powders Made of Saskatoon Berry Fruit, Juice, and Pomace as Functional Food Ingredients. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081805. [PMID: 32326580 PMCID: PMC7221788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of inulin and maltodextrin applied during vacuum drying of Saskatoon berry fruit, juice, and pomace on the retention of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity (radical scavenging capacity (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP)) of powders obtained. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS) was used to identify major groups of polyphenolic compounds, such as: flavan-3-ols (35% of all polyphenols for fruit powder, 33% for juice powder, and 39% for pomace powders of all polyphenols), anthocyanins (26% for fruit powder, 5% for juice powder, and 34% for pomace), phenolic acids (33% for fruit powder, 55% for juice powder, and 20% for pomace powder), and flavanols (6% for fruit powder, 6% for juice powder, and 7% for pomace powder). In general, the content of polyphenols was more dependent on the content than on the type of carrier used for drying, regardless of the matrix tested. The average sum of polyphenols and the antioxidant activity (for ABTS and FRAP assay) of the powders with 30% of carrier addition were 5054.2 mg/100 g dry matter (d.m.) as well as 5.3 and 3.6 mmol Trolox/100 g d.m. in the ABTS and FRAP tests, respectively. The increase in carrier concentration by 20% caused a decrease of 1.5-fold in the content of polyphenols and a 1.6-fold and 1.5-fold in the antioxidant potential, regardless of the matrix tested. The principal component analysis (PCA) analysis indicated that the freeze-drying process led to the lowest degradation of the identified compounds, regardless of the matrix tested, with the exception of juice and pomace powders dried by vacuum drying at 60 °C. In this case, the release of (−)-epicatechin was observed, causing an increase in the flavanol contents. Thus, this work demonstrated the effect of processing and matrix composition on the preservation of antioxidant bioactives in Saskatoon berry powders. Properly designed high-quality Saskatoon berry powders with the mentioned carriers may be used as nutraceutical additives to fortify food products and to improve their functional properties.
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Efenberger-Szmechtyk M, Nowak A, Czyzowska A. Plant extracts rich in polyphenols: antibacterial agents and natural preservatives for meat and meat products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:149-178. [PMID: 32043360 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1722060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant extracts contain large amounts of bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols. Polyphenols inhibit the growth of microorganisms, especially bacteria. Their mechanism of action is still not fully understood but may be related to their chemical structure. They can cause morphological changes in microorganisms, damage bacterial cell walls and influence biofilm formation. Polyphenols also influence protein biosynthesis, change metabolic processes in bacteria cells and inhibit ATP and DNA synthesis (suppressing DNA gyrase). Due to the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of phenolic compounds, plant extracts offer an alternative to chemical preservatives used in the meat industry, especially nitrates (III). They can inhibit the growth of spoilage and pathogenic microflora, suppress oxidation of meat ingredients (lipids and proteins) and prevent discoloration. In this paper, we describe the factors that influence the content of polyphenols in plants and plant extracts. We present the antimicrobial activities of plant extracts and their mechanisms of action, and discuss the effects of plant extracts on the shelf-life of meat and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Czyzowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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Mikulic-Petkovsek M, Koron D, Rusjan D. The impact of food processing on the phenolic content in products made from juneberry (Amelanchier lamarckii) fruits. J Food Sci 2020; 85:386-393. [PMID: 31985832 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds were analyzed in the fruits of juneberry (Amelanchier lamarckii). Different food products were made from fresh juneberry fruits: jam, liqueur, juice, and tea. A detailed analysis of the phenolic component was performed using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and the content of phenolics in different products was compared with the control treatment (fresh fruits extracted with 70% methanol: 27% water: 3% formic acid; v/v/v). Four sugars and six organic acids were determined in the fruits. The main sugars were glucose (61 g/kg fresh weight [FW]) and fructose (64 g/kg FW) and the acids: malic (5.85 g/kg FW) and citric acid (2.6 g/kg) were abundant. Hydroxycinnamic acids, anthocyanins, and flavonol glycosides were the major phenolic groups in juneberry fruits. Fruit processing significantly affected the content of phenolic compounds in the different fruit products. Liqueur had 17% higher phenolic acid contents than the control treatment (fresh fruits extracted with a solution of 70% MeOH/27% H2 O/3% formic acid) and jam had 14% higher content than the control, calculated on the dry mass of fruit. Juneberry juice had the highest content of total analyzed phenolics (298 mg/100 mL), followed by liqueur (108 mg/100 mL) and tea (8 mg/100 mL). Fruits of juneberry are rich in bioactive compounds and a useful source for the food industry for making various health snacks, jellies, marmalades, alcoholic drinks, juices, and so on. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Juneberry is becoming a desirable organically grown fruit species with many views as new functional food. The content of phenolic compounds has been measured in different food products made from juneberries. The results could be useful for food and nutraceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- Biotechnical Faculty, Dept. of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Univ. of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darinka Koron
- Agricultural Inst. of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Denis Rusjan
- Biotechnical Faculty, Dept. of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Univ. of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zhao L, Huang F, Hui AL, Shen GX. Bioactive Components and Health Benefits of Saskatoon Berry. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:3901636. [PMID: 32509879 PMCID: PMC7245660 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3901636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the recent rise in numbers of diabetes patients, many treatments have been developed; but currently, oral antihyperglycemic agents and insulin are still the main clinical treatments. Since current drugs have limitations and harmful side effects, research in alternative treatments has been sought. This article reviews recent research updates of Saskatoon berries (SB), covering its background information, its main active ingredients, its structure, and its function. Flavonoid compounds in Saskatoon berries, in particular flavanol, anthocyanin, and proanthocyanin, possess anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antidiabetes impacts. The current review synthesizes the latest research on the health benefits of Saskatoon berry in a variety of domains. With further research, SB has the potential to help treat and prevent diabetes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunan Zhao
- Mansfield College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TF, UK
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Amy Leung Hui
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Garry X. Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
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Lachowicz S, Wiśniewski R, Ochmian I, Drzymała K, Pluta S. Anti-Microbiological, Anti-Hyperglycemic and Anti-Obesity Potency of Natural Antioxidants in Fruit Fractions of Saskatoon Berry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090397. [PMID: 31540276 PMCID: PMC6770076 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to evaluate for content of phytochemicals (monophosphate nucleotides, free amino acids, polyphenols), and for anti-microbiological, anti-diabetic (ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase), and antioxidant activities in seven selected fruit and fruit fractions of Amelanchier alnifolia. Most of the fruit and fruit fractions analyzed in this study have not been examined in this respect until now. The content of monophosphate nucleotides and free amino acids were tested by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS). The distribution of the examined compounds and biological activity differed significantly depending on the tested fruit and parts of the fruit. Cultivars “Smoky” and “Thiessen” had a high content of essential free amino acids, monophosphate nucleotides, and the highest antioxidant activity. They were also accountable for the high ability to inhibit Enterococcus hirae (anti-bacterial activity), of activity toward α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase. Moreover, the fruit peel was abundant in polyphenolic compounds and showed the highest antioxidative activity, which were strongly correlated with each other. In addition, the peel was characterized by a high concentration of monophosphate nucleotides, free amino acids, and were responsible above all for the strong ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase enzymes contributing to the development of obesity. The seeds were rich in uridine 5’-monophosphate, and total essential and non-essential free amino acids, whose contents correlated with the inhibitory activity toward α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The fruit flesh showed a high content of total free amino acids (hydroxy-L-proline, O-phosphoethanolamine, L-citruline). There was a positive correlation between antioxidant capacity and the content of polyphenolic compounds, nucleotide, and ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase, and between anti-hyperglycemic and free amino acids in fruits and fruit fractions. Therefore, the tested fruit of A. alnifolia and their fractions could be essential ingredients of new functional products and/or probiotic food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Lachowicz
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, 37, Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Rafał Wiśniewski
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 4 St., 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Ireneusz Ochmian
- Department of Pomology, West Pomeranian Technological University, Szczecin ul Janosika 8, 71-424 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Drzymała
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, 37, Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Pluta
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Department of Horticultural Crop Breeding, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
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Fong SY, Wimalasiri D, Piva T, Dekiwadia C, Urban S, Huynh T. Evaluation of cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau leaves against D24 human melanoma cells. J Herb Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2019.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lachowicz S, Seliga Ł, Pluta S. Distribution of phytochemicals and antioxidative potency in fruit peel, flesh, and seeds of Saskatoon berry. Food Chem 2019; 305:125430. [PMID: 31518840 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The distributions of total soluble solids, pectins, the sum of polyphenolic and terpenoid compounds as well as the antioxidative potency of fruit and their parts, such as peel, flesh, and seeds of Saskatoon berry genotypes are presented in this work. The contents of individual bioactive compounds of in this fruit fraction of Saskatoon berry cultivars and cultivation clones significantly depended on berry genotype and compounds distribution within particular parts of the fruit. The fruit peel contained mainly anthocyanins, polymerized compounds, hydroxycinnamic acids, triterpenoids, and tetraterpenids, as well as exhibited antioxidant activity. The major compounds identified in the fruit flesh included soluble solids, ash, flavonols. In turn, polymeric procyanidins was determined in the seeds of fruit. Individual parts of Saskatoon berry fruit contained many health-promoting constituents and could be deemed attractive materials for the production of functional foods or dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Lachowicz
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Chełmońskiego 37 Street, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Seliga
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Department of Horticultural Crop Breeding, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Pluta
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Department of Horticultural Crop Breeding, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
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Lachowicz S, Michalska A, Lech K, Majerska J, Oszmiański J, Figiel A. Comparison of the effect of four drying methods on polyphenols in saskatoon berry. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Fang J, Huang J. Accumulation of plasma levels of anthocyanins following multiple saskatoon berry supplements. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:454-457. [PMID: 31269857 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1637967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
1. Anthocyanins are a subgroup of flavonoids responsible for the blue, purple and red color of many fruits, flowers and leaves. Consumption of foods rich in anthocyanins is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Most food intervention studies employ once or twice per day dose schedules. 2. The current study demonstrated that plasma concentrations of cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin-3-xyloside, the two major components of saskatoon berries, were significantly increased following three consecutive saskatoon berry supplements 4 hours apart. This accumulation is due to the residual concentrations of anthocyanins at the time of second and third supplements. 3. Accumulation was especially pronounced for peonidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-galactoside, the methylated metabolites of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-galactoside, respectively. Little or no accumulation was observed for cyanidin-3-arabinoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside, two other components of saskatoon berries, possibly due to their short half-lives. 4. Thus, taking anthocyanin supplements with every meal would provide higher plasma concentrations for some anthocyanins and their metabolites than the once or twice-a-day dose regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Fang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jiannan Huang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Lachowicz S, Oszmiański J, Wiśniewski R, Seliga Ł, Pluta S. Chemical parameters profile analysis by liquid chromatography and antioxidative activity of the Saskatoon berry fruits and their components. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Ojeda F, Midgley J, Pauw A, Lavola A, Casimiro-Soriguer R, Hattas D, Segarra-Moragues JG, Julkunen-Tiitto R. Flower colour divergence is associated with post-fire regeneration dimorphism in the fynbos heath Erica coccinea subsp. coccinea (Ericaceae). Evol Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-019-09985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Profile of Bioactive Compounds in the Morphological Parts of Wild Fallopia japonica (Houtt) and Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) and Their Antioxidative Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071436. [PMID: 30979044 PMCID: PMC6479739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the content of triterpenoids and polyphenols, and antioxidative activity in leaves, stalks, and roots of plants from the species Fallopia as well as to present the main relationship between them. Polyphenolic compounds and triterpenoids were identified with liquid chromatography-photodiode detector-mass spectrometry/quadrupole time of flight (LC-MS-Q/TOF; qualitatively) and quantified with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode detector (UPLC-PDA (quantitatively), and their antioxidative activity was determined with radical scavenging capacity (ABTS) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Generally, the wild Fallopia japonica Houtt. species had 1.2 times higher content of bioactive compounds and antioxidative activity than Fallopia sachalinensis. Contents of polyphenolic compounds determined in leaves, stalks, and roots were on average 17.81, 10.60, and 9.02 g/100 g of dry weight (DW), whereas the average contents of triterpenoids reached 0.78, 0.70, and 0.50 g/100 g DW, respectively. The leaves were a better source of polymeric procyanidins, phenolic acids, flavones, and flavonols, as well as oleanolic and ursolic acids than the other morphological parts of the tested plants. However, the roots were an excellent source of flavan-3-ols (monomeric and oligomer) and stilbenes, such as resveratrol, and their derivatives. The results obtained showed significant differences between plants of the wild Fallopia species and their morphological parts, and enabled selecting the most valuable morphological part of the tested plants to be used for food enrichment and nutraceuticals production. Therefore, the leaves seem to be the best as potential food additives for health, due to the above-average content of polyphenolic compounds and triterpenoids. In turn, roots, with their high contents of stilbenes and polyphenolic compounds, represent a good material for the medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The principal component analysis of the plants of wild Fallopia species and their morphological parts confirmed significant differences in their chemical composition.
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Phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of saskatoon berry fruit and pomace. Food Chem 2019; 290:168-177. [PMID: 31000034 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Total phenolic chromatographic indices (TPCI) of three commercially grown saskatoon berry varieties and a pomace from commercial juice production were determined. Northline was shown to have the highest TPCI of 504.2 mg/100 g FW. These results agreed with total phenolic content results for these varieties. The TPCI of the commercial pomace was 404.2 mg/100 g pomace indicating that a significant concentration of phenolics were present in this co-product, showing the commercial relevance of this material. A phenolic rich extract (PRE; 500 ppm) of the Northline variety was compared to BHT (0.02% w:w) and Rosamox (0.2% w:w) for delaying the oxidation of borage oil via rancimat analysis. Induction times were 1.46 h (borage oil), 1.44 h (Rosamox), 2.18 h (BHT), and 2.42 h (PRE), which was a ∼65% delay in the oxidation of borage oil. These results clearly support the value of this material as an antioxidant ingredient in foods, pharmaceuticals, nutriceuticals and cosmetics.
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Tian Y, Liimatainen J, Puganen A, Alakomi HL, Sinkkonen J, Yang B. Sephadex LH-20 fractionation and bioactivities of phenolic compounds from extracts of Finnish berry plants. Food Res Int 2018; 113:115-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Moyo M, Aremu AO, Plačková L, Plíhalová L, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Holub J, Doležal K, Staden JV. Deciphering the growth pattern and phytohormonal content in Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia) in response to in vitro cytokinin application. N Biotechnol 2018; 42:85-94. [PMID: 29454893 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Clonal propagation plays a critical integral role in the growth and success of a global multi-billion dollar horticulture industry through a constant supply of healthy stock plants. The supply chain depends on continuously improving the micropropagation process, thus, understanding the physiology of in vitro plants remains a core component. We evaluated the influence of exogenously applied cytokinins (CKs, N6-benzyladenine = BA, isopentenyladenine = iP, meta-topolin = mT, 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino)-9-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)purine = mTTHP) in Murashige and Skoog (MS)-supplemented media on organogenic response and accumulation of endogenous CK and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) metabolites. The highest shoot proliferation (30 shoots/explant) was obtained with 20 μM mT treatment. However, the best quality regenerants were produced in 10 μM mT treatment. Rooting of Amelanchier alnifolia in vitro plantlets was observed at the lowest CK concentrations, with the highest root proliferation (3 roots/explant) in 1 μM mTTHP regenerants. Similar to the organogenic response, high levels of endogenous bioactive CK metabolites (free bases, ribosides, and nucleotides) were detected in mT and mTTHP-derived regenerants. The level of O-glucosides was also comparatively high in these cultures. All CK-treated plants had high levels of endogenous free IAA compared to the control. This may suggest an influence of CKs on biosynthesis of IAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mack Moyo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Symphony Way, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Plíhalová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Holub
- Ornamental and Fruit Tree Nursery Jan Holub s.r.o., Hvozdečko 7, 783 25, Bouzov, Czech Republic(1)
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
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Liu J, Song J, Huang K, Michel D, Fang J. HPLC-MS/MS analysis of anthocyanins in human plasma and urine using protein precipitation and dilute-and-shoot sample preparation methods, respectively. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4177. [PMID: 29251356 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed to analyze anthocyanins in urine and plasma to further understand their absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. The method employed a Synergi RP-Max column (250 × 4.6 mm, 4 μm) and an API 4000 mass spectrometer. A gradient elution system consisted of mobile phase A (water-1% formic acid) and mobile phase B (acetonitrile) with a flow rate of 0.60 mL/min. The gradient was initiated at 5% B, increased to 21% B at 20 min, and then increased to 40% B at 35 min. The analysis of anthocyanins presents a challenge because of the poor stability of anthocyanins during sample preparation, especially during solvent evaporation. In this method, the degradation of anthocyanins was minimized using protein precipitation and dilute-and-shoot and sample preparation methods for plasma and urine, respectively. No interferences were observed from endogenous compounds. The method has been used to analyze anthocyanin concentrations in urine and plasma samples from volunteers administered saskatoon berries. Cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside, cyanidin-3-xyloside and quercetin-3-galactoside, the five major flavonoid components in saskatoon berries, were identified in plasma and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Liu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuxue Song
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Karen Huang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Deborah Michel
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jim Fang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Chang CH, Chiu HF, Han YC, Chen IH, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Photoprotective effects of cranberry juice and its various fractions against blue light-induced impairment in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:571-580. [PMID: 27937080 PMCID: PMC6130735 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1263344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cranberry has numerous biological activities, including antioxidation, anticancer, cardioprotection, as well as treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI), attributed to abundant phenolic contents. OBJECTIVE The current study focused on the effect of cranberry juice (CJ) on blue light exposed human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells which mimic age-related macular degeneration (AMD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Preliminary phytochemical and HPLC analysis, as well as total antioxidant capacity and scavenging activity of cranberry ethyl acetate extract and different CJ fractions (condensed tannins containing fraction), were evaluated. In cell line model, ARPE-19 were irradiated with blue light at 450 nm wavelength for 10 h (mimic AMD) and treated with different fractions of CJ extract at different doses (5-50 μg/mL) by assessing the cell viability or proliferation rate using MTT assay (repairing efficacy). RESULTS Phytochemical and HPLC analysis reveals the presence of several phenolic compounds (flavonoids, proanthocyanidin, quercetin) in ethyl acetate extract and different fractions of CJ. However, the condensed tannin containing fraction of ethyl acetate extract of CJ displayed the greater (p < 0.05) scavenging activity especially at the dose of 1 mg/mL. Similarly, the condensed tannin containing fraction at 50 μg/mL presented better (p < 0.05) repairing ability (increased cell viability). Furthermore, the oligomeric condensed tannin containing fraction display the best (p < 0.05) repairing efficiency at 50 μg/mL. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study distinctly proved that condensed tannin containing fraction of CJ probably exhibits better free radicals scavenging activity and thereby effectively protected the ARPE-19 cells and thus, hampers the progress of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Huang Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Well-being, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chun Han
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Hsien Chen
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Cheng Shen
- School of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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de Rus Jacquet A, Tambe MA, Ma SY, McCabe GP, Vest JHC, Rochet JC. Pikuni-Blackfeet traditional medicine: Neuroprotective activities of medicinal plants used to treat Parkinson's disease-related symptoms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 206:393-407. [PMID: 28088492 PMCID: PMC6149223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder affecting 5% of the population over the age of 85 years. Current treatments primarily involve dopamine replacement therapy, which leads to temporary relief of motor symptoms but fails to slow the underlying neurodegeneration. Thus, there is a need for safe PD therapies with neuroprotective activity. In this study, we analyzed contemporary herbal medicinal practices used by members of the Pikuni-Blackfeet tribe from Western Montana to treat PD-related symptoms, in an effort to identify medicinal plants that are affordable to traditional communities and accessible to larger populations. AIM OF THE STUDY The aims of this study were to (i) identify medicinal plants used by the Pikuni-Blackfeet tribe to treat individuals with symptoms related to PD or other CNS disorders, and (ii) characterize a subset of the identified plants in terms of antioxidant and neuroprotective activities in cellular models of PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Interviews of healers and local people were carried out on the Blackfeet Indian reservation. Plant samples were collected, and water extracts were produced for subsequent analysis. A subset of botanical extracts was tested for the ability to induce activation of the Nrf2-mediated transcriptional response and to protect against neurotoxicity elicited by the PD-related toxins rotenone and paraquat. RESULTS The ethnopharmacological interviews resulted in the documentation of 26 medicinal plants used to treat various ailments and diseases, including symptoms related to PD. Seven botanical extracts (out of a total of 10 extracts tested) showed activation of Nrf2-mediated transcriptional activity in primary cortical astrocytes. Extracts prepared from Allium sativum cloves, Trifolium pratense flowers, and Amelanchier arborea berries exhibited neuroprotective activity against toxicity elicited by rotenone, whereas only the extracts prepared from Allium sativum and Amelanchier arborea alleviated PQ-induced dopaminergic cell death. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the potential clinical utility of plants used for medicinal purposes over generations by the Pikuni-Blackfeet people, and they shed light on mechanisms by which the plant extracts could slow neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie de Rus Jacquet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Mitali Arun Tambe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Sin Ying Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - George P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Jurikova T, Mlcek J, Skrovankova S, Sumczynski D, Sochor J, Hlavacova I, Snopek L, Orsavova J. Fruits of Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa in the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Molecules 2017; 22:E944. [PMID: 28590446 PMCID: PMC6152740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, growing attention has been focused on the utilization of natural sources of antioxidants in the prevention of chronic diseases. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) represents a lesser known fruit species utilized mainly as juices, purees, jams, jellies and wine, as important food colorants or nutritional supplements. The fruit is valued as a great source of antioxidants, especially polyphenols, such as phenolic acids (neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acids) and flavonoids (anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavanols and flavonols), particularly cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin-3-arabinoside, as well as (-)-epicatechin units. The berries of A. melanocarpa, due to the presence and the high content of these bioactive components, exhibit a wide range of positive effects, such as strong antioxidant activity and potential medicinal and therapeutic benefits (gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, antiproliferative or anti-inflammatory activities). They could be also contributory toward the prevention of chronic diseases including metabolic disorders, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, because of supportive impacts on lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose and blood pressure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunde Jurikova
- Institute for teacher training, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Drazovska 4, Nitra SK-949 74, Slovakia.
| | - Jiri Mlcek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Sona Skrovankova
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniela Sumczynski
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Sochor
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Hlavacova
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukas Snopek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Orsavova
- Language Centre, Faculty of Humanities, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
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Lachowicz S, Oszmiański J, Seliga Ł, Pluta S. Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Seven Saskatoon Berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) Genotypes Grown in Poland. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050853. [PMID: 28531138 PMCID: PMC6154553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic chemical composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity of fruits of three new Polish breeding clones (No. 5/6, type S, and type N) and four Canadian cultivars (cvs.) (“Martin”, “Smoky”, “Pembina”, and “Honeywood”) grown in Poland in 2016 were investigated. Fruits were analyzed for their contents of triterpenoids, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and polyphenolics with the ultra-performance liquid chromatography photodiode detector-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS) method, sugar with the high-performance liquid chromatography–evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) method, and antioxidant capacity with the ability to reduce free radical (ABTS) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) method. Thirty-eight bioactive compounds, including twenty-eight polyphenolic compounds (four anthocyanins, nine phenolic acids, nine flavonols, and seven flavan-3-ols), four carotenoids, two chlorophylls, and three triterpenoids were identified in the fruits. The fruits of the tested Saskatoon berry genotypes were found to be rich in phenolic compounds (3773.94–6390.36 mg/100 g·dm), triterpenoids (66.55–91.31 mg/kg·dm), and carotenoids (478.62–561.57 mg/kg·dm), with high ABTS and FRAP capacity (10.38–34.49 and 9.66–25.34 mmol·Trolox/100 g·dm, respectively). Additionally, the berries of these genotypes seemed to be a good source of sugar (9.02–19.69 g/100 g), pectins (0.67%–1.33%), and ash (0.59%–0.67%). Some genotypes of Saskatoon berry, especially the clones type S, type N, and cvs. “Honeywood” and “Smoky”, may be selected for their potential applications in commercial cultivation to produce fruits with valuable health-promoting nutritional effects on human health. Additionally, three new genotypes that may offer new functional materials can be recommended for fruit growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Lachowicz
- Department of Fruit, Vegetables and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, 37, Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jan Oszmiański
- Department of Fruit, Vegetables and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, 37, Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Seliga
- Department of Horticultural Crop Breeding, Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Pluta
- Department of Horticultural Crop Breeding, Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
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The composition of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) genotypes grown in central Poland. Food Chem 2017; 235:234-243. [PMID: 28554632 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds in fruits of four Saskatoon berry genotypes grown in a trial in central Poland are presented in this paper. Two Polish breeding clones (no. 5/6 and type S) and two Canadian cultivars - 'Martin' and 'Smoky' - were used in studies conducted in 2015-2016. Fourty-eight bioactive compounds were identified in Saskatoon berry genotypes, including twenty-nine polyphenolic compounds (4 anthocyanins, 9 phenolic acids, 9 flavonols, 7 flavan-3-ols), 3 triterpenoids, 7 carotenoids, 5 chlorophylls and 4 tocopherols. The results of the analysis showed that the fruits of clone no. 5/6 had significantly lower contents of pro-healthy compounds and antioxidant activity in comparison to the other three tested genotypes. These genotypes, which may offer new functional material, can be recommended for fruit growers to increase their income. Their fruits can be used for the food processing industry and for the production of health beneficial products.
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Kårlund A, Hanhineva K, Lehtonen M, McDougall GJ, Stewart D, Karjalainen RO. Non-targeted metabolite profiling highlights the potential of strawberry leaves as a resource for specific bioactive compounds. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2182-2190. [PMID: 27611634 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-edible parts of horticultural crops, such as leaves, contain substantial amounts of valuable bioactive compounds which are currently only little exploited. For example, strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) leaves may be a promising bioresource for diverse health-related applications. However, product standardization sets a real challenge, especially when the leaf material comes from varying cultivars. The first step towards better quality control of berry fruit leaf-based ingredients and supplements is to understand metabolites present and their stability in different plant cultivars, so this study surveyed the distribution of potentially bioactive strawberry leaf metabolites in six different strawberry cultivars. Non-targeted metabolite profiling analysis using LC/qTOF-ESI-MS with data processing via principal component analysis and k-means clustering analysis was utilized to examine differences and commonalities between the leaf metabolite profiles. RESULTS Quercetin and kaempferol derivatives were the dominant flavonol groups in strawberry leaves. Previously described and novel caffeic and chlorogenic acid derivatives were among the major phenolic acids. In addition, ellagitannins were one of the distinguishing compound classes in strawberry leaves. In general, strawberry leaves also contained high levels of octadecatrienoic acid derivatives, precursors of valuable odour compounds. CONCLUSION The specific bioactive compounds found in the leaves of different strawberry cultivars offer the potential for the selection of optimized leaf materials for added-value food and non-food applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kårlund
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Derek Stewart
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Nord Holt, Postboks 2284, N-9269, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Reijo O Karjalainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Tian Y, Liimatainen J, Alanne AL, Lindstedt A, Liu P, Sinkkonen J, Kallio H, Yang B. Phenolic compounds extracted by acidic aqueous ethanol from berries and leaves of different berry plants. Food Chem 2017; 220:266-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nayak BN, Kaur G, Buttar HS. TNF-α modulation by natural bioactive molecules in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 13:1-7. [PMID: 26457790 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of plant-derived products marketed for human health benefits. METHODS The tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α) was used as a proinflammatory biomarker generated by mouse macrophage RAW 264.6 cells. The in vitro tested plant products include Saskatoon berry (SKB), quercetin, purified oat beta-glucan (OBG), curcumin, and turmeric. Quantification of TNF-α in cell culture supernatants was carried out using mouse TNF-α assay kit and the cell proliferation was determined by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The cells were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum and 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 µg/mL streptomycin. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a concentration of 500 ng/mL was employed to stimulate the TNF-α production in mouse macrophage cells. RESULTS Results showed that curcumin at 10 µM (3.7 µg/mL) level effectively attenuated the LPS-induced inflammatory response, and at 100 µM completely inhibited macrophage RAW cell growth (p<0.05). The aqueous turmeric extract caused inhibitory effect on TNF-α at 25, 50, 100, and 500 µg/mL. SKB inhibited TNF-α production at 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 µg/mL. On the other hand, at 10, 25, 500, and 1,000 µg/mL SKB promoted significant cell growth/proliferation. Quercetin at 10, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL inhibited TNF-α, but at 500 and 1,000 µg/mL stimulated cell growth. OBG at 10, 25, and 50 µg/mL inhibited TNF-α, but in some cases OBG stimulated TNF-α At 1,000 and 10,000 µg/mL OBG proved to be extremely toxic or lethal to the macrophage cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the plant products showed anti-inflammatory effects as well as cell proliferation or inhibition in the in vitro system used in this investigation. The underlying mechanisms of dualistic actions caused by plant-derived ingredients, viz., macrophage cellular growth stimulation or retardation, remain to be elucidated.
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Classification of fruits based on anthocyanin types and relevance to their health effects. Nutrition 2015; 31:1301-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jin AL, Ozga JA, Kennedy JA, Koerner-Smith JL, Botar G, Reinecke DM. Developmental profile of anthocyanin, flavonol, and proanthocyanidin type, content, and localization in saskatoon fruits (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1601-1614. [PMID: 25562425 DOI: 10.1021/jf504722x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Saskatoons (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) are small fruits that contain substantial quantities of flavonoids. To further characterize and understand the role of these flavonoids during fruit development, anthocyanins, flavonols, and proanthocyanidins were identified, quantified, and localized over development in cultivars that produce blue-purple or white fruit at maturity. Anthocyanin content was low in young fruit and then dramatically increased as the fruit transitioned into ripening only in the pigmented-fruit (blue-purple) cultivars. Proanthocyanidins with both A-type and B-type linkages were detected in fruit, with (-)-epicatechin as the most abundant proanthocyanidin subunit. Flavonol and proanthocyanidin content was high in, and localized throughout, the tissues of young fruit and in the developing seed coats, with levels decreasing as the fruit expanded. Our data show that flavonoid type, content, and tissue localization vary throughout development in saskatoon fruit. These data can be used to target specific fruit developmental stages and flavonoid classes for optimization of health-beneficial flavonoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena L Jin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , 4-10 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
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Riehle P, Rusche N, Saake B, Rohn S. Influence of the leaf content and herbal particle size on the presence and extractability of quantitated phenolic compounds in Cistus incanus herbal teas. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10978-10988. [PMID: 25345843 DOI: 10.1021/jf504119s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A variety of Cistus incanus products and thereof a majority of herbal teas are offered by manufacturers despite a classification as Novel Food. For a re-evaluation of this legal status, a characterization of bioactive ingredients will provide data. These teas consist of various compositions of plant parts and particle sizes. Whereas some include high leaf contents with a small particle size, others mainly consist of woody stem parts. For the consumer it is of interest which product yields the highest concentrations of bioactive phenolic compounds in the final infusions. In this study, four commercially available samples were divided into leaves and stems. Additionally, one sample was reconstituted in three mixtures of these plant parts. The amount of wood was determined by cellulose concentration. The aim was to estimate the influence of the plant parts on the concentration of phenolic compounds, which were identified by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and quantitated by LC-DAD. Furthermore, one herbal tea was separated into six fractions with different particle sizes to investigate the influence of particle size on the extractability of phenolic compounds. On basis of the results, the highest concentrations of bioactive compounds in the infusions were yielded when leafy parts with a small particle size were used for brewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer Riehle
- Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Nagalakshmi SA, Mitra P, Meda V. Color, Mechanical, and Microstructural Properties of Vacuum Assisted Microwave Dried Saskatoon Berries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2013.784332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kårlund A, Salminen JP, Koskinen P, Ahern JR, Karonen M, Tiilikkala K, Karjalainen RO. Polyphenols in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) leaves induced by plant activators. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4592-600. [PMID: 24819677 DOI: 10.1021/jf405589f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry leaves contain high amounts of diverse phenolic compounds potentially possessing defensive activities against microbial pathogens and beneficial properties for human health. In this work, young strawberry plants were treated with two plant activators, S-methylbenzo-1,2,3-thaidiazole-7-carbothiate (BTH) and birch wood distillate. Phenolic compounds from activator-treated and control leaves were subjected to quantitative analyses by HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS, and microQTOF ESI-MS. Thirty-two different phenolic compounds were detected and characterized, and 21 different ellagitannins constituted the largest group of compounds in the strawberry leaves (37.88-45.82 mg/g dry weight, 47.0-54.3% of total phenolics). Treatment with BTH resulted in higher levels of individual ellagitannins, whereas treatment with birch wood distillate strongly increased the levels of chlorogenic acid in strawberry leaves compared with the control. The results suggest that different plant activators may be useful tools for the activation of different branches in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kårlund
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland , P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Zhao R, Le K, Li W, Ren S, Moghadasian MH, Beta T, Shen GX. Effects of Saskatoon berry powder on monocyte adhesion to vascular wall of leptin receptor-deficient diabetic mice. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:851-7. [PMID: 24925752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Monocyte adhesion is an early event for atherogenesis. Previous studies demonstrated that dark-skin berries had cardiovascular protective effects. We hypothesize that Saskatoon berry (SB) powder may reduce monocyte adhesion in leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) diabetic mice. METHODS Wild-type and db/db mice were fed with chow or supplemented with SB powder. Anthocyanins in SB powder were identified using mass spectrometry. Mouse monocytes were incubated with mouse aorta. Monocyte adhesion was counted under microscopy. Inflammatory or metabolic markers in blood or tissue were analyzed using immunological or biochemical methods. RESULTS SB powder significantly reduced monocyte adhesion to aorta from diabetic db/db mice compared to regular chow. The increased monocyte adhesion to aorta was normalized in db/db mice treated with ≥5% of SB powder for 4 weeks. Increased contents of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH) oxidase-4, heat shock factor-1, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, P-selectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and urokinase plasminogen activator in aorta or heart apex, elevated plasma PAI-1 and MCP-1 were detected in db/db mice on chow compared to wild-type mice on the same diet; 5% SB powder inhibited the increases of inflammatory, fibrinolytic or stress regulators in aorta or heart apex of db/db mice. Monocyte adhesion positively correlated with blood glucose, cholesterol, body weight, heart MCP-1, PAI-1 or ICAM-1. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that SB powder attenuated monocyte adhesion to aorta of db/db mice, which was potentially mediated through inhibiting the inflammatory, stress and/or fibrinolyic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruozhi Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine and Physiology; Xiangya Boai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Khuong Le
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences
| | - Wende Li
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Song Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine and Physiology
| | | | - Trust Beta
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Chen C, Zuckerman DM, Brantley S, Sharpe M, Childress K, Hoiczyk E, Pendleton AR. Sambucus nigra extracts inhibit infectious bronchitis virus at an early point during replication. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:24. [PMID: 24433341 PMCID: PMC3899428 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a pathogenic chicken coronavirus. Currently, vaccination against IBV is only partially protective; therefore, better preventions and treatments are needed. Plants produce antimicrobial secondary compounds, which may be a source for novel anti-viral drugs. Non-cytotoxic, crude ethanol extracts of Rhodiola rosea roots, Nigella sativa seeds, and Sambucus nigra fruit were tested for anti-IBV activity, since these safe, widely used plant tissues contain polyphenol derivatives that inhibit other viruses. Results Dose–response cytotoxicity curves on Vero cells using trypan blue staining determined the highest non-cytotoxic concentrations of each plant extract. To screen for IBV inhibition, cells and virus were pretreated with extracts, followed by infection in the presence of extract. Viral cytopathic effect was assessed visually following an additional 24 h incubation with extract. Cells and supernatants were harvested separately and virus titers were quantified by plaque assay. Variations of this screening protocol determined the effects of a number of shortened S. nigra extract treatments. Finally, S. nigra extract-treated virions were visualized by transmission electron microscopy with negative staining. Virus titers from infected cells treated with R. rosea and N. sativa extracts were not substantially different from infected cells treated with solvent alone. However, treatment with S. nigra extracts reduced virus titers by four orders of magnitude at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 in a dose-responsive manner. Infection at a low MOI reduced viral titers by six orders of magnitude and pretreatment of virus was necessary, but not sufficient, for full virus inhibition. Electron microscopy of virions treated with S. nigra extract showed compromised envelopes and the presence of membrane vesicles, which suggested a mechanism of action. Conclusions These results demonstrate that S. nigra extract can inhibit IBV at an early point in infection, probably by rendering the virus non-infectious. They also suggest that future studies using S. nigra extract to treat or prevent IBV or other coronaviruses are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amanda R Pendleton
- Division of Natural Science and Mathematics, Oxford College of Emory University, Oxford, GA 30054, USA.
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Juríková T, Balla S, Sochor J, Pohanka M, Mlcek J, Baron M. Flavonoid profile of Saskatoon berries (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) and their health promoting effects. Molecules 2013; 18:12571-86. [PMID: 24126375 PMCID: PMC6270369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a significant group of secondary metabolites in plants. Many of these compounds are potent antioxidants, being an important part in food products derived from the plants. The current status of research on flavonoid compounds in the fruit of Saskatoon berries (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) and their health promoting effects, including recommended utilization, are reviewed. The major classes of flavonoids in the fruit are flavonols (quercetin and rutin), flavanes (proanthocyanidin compounds ranging from dimers through to heptamers and even higher polymers) and finally anthocyanins. The flavonoids represented the group of polyphenols that mostly contributed to the antioxidant activity of Saskatoon berries. High content of the flavoinoids antioxidants in the fruit is responsible for the observed anti-inflammatory, antidiadiabetic and chemo-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunde Juríková
- Institute for Education of Pedagogics, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Drazovska 4, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovak Republic; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
| | - Stefan Balla
- Institute for Education of Pedagogics, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Drazovska 4, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovak Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Jiri Sochor
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulturae, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, CZ-500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mails:
- Karel English College in Brno, Sujanovo namesti 356/1, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mlcek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Namesti T. G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic; E-Mails:
| | - Mojmir Baron
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulturae, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.S.); (M.P.)
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Zhang AJ, Rimando AM, Fish W, Mentreddy SR, Mathews ST. Serviceberry [Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex. M. Roem (Rosaceae)] leaf extract inhibits mammalian α-glucosidase activity and suppresses postprandial glycemic response in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and hyperglycemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:481-487. [PMID: 22796507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Serviceberry or Saskatoon berry [Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex. M. Roem (Rosaceae)], native to the North Glacier forests of the Rocky Mountains in Montana, has been used by the Blackfeet Indian tribe in alleviation of diabetes. Anecdotally, tea made from twigs and leaves have been used for optimum health and diabetes management. However, such traditional knowledge of the medicinal properties of Amelanchier alnifolia has not been validated by scientific studies. The goal of this study was to identify potential antidiabetic mechanisms of serviceberry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serviceberry plant samples consisting of leaves, twigs, and leaves with berries were extracted and fractionated. Ethyl acetate and water fractions were tested for inhibition of α-glucosidase activity in vitro. Diet-induced obese, hyperglycemic C57Bl6 mice were administered serviceberry leaf extract prior to sucrose-, starch-, or glucose-loading to test for α-glucosidase inhibition and decreased post-prandial glycemic response. RESULTS In the course of screening for potential antidiabetic mechanisms, serviceberry leaf extracts and subfractions demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against mammalian intestinal α-glucosidase activity (EC 3.2.1.20). Further, in an animal model of diet-induced obesity and hyperglycemia, serviceberry leaf subfraction demonstrated significant inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidase activity, and delayed the absorption of carbohydrates, resulting in significant lowering of post-prandial blood glucose concentrations, similar to the antidiabetic drug Acarbose™. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicating that serviceberry leaf extract may lower post-prandial glycemic response corroborate traditional knowledge of the Blackfeet Indians of Montana, and potentially offer a complementary approach in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Zhang
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Jurikova T, Sochor J, Rop O, Mlček J, Balla Š, Szekeres L, Žitný R, Zitka O, Adam V, Kizek R. Evaluation of polyphenolic profile and nutritional value of non-traditional fruit species in the Czech Republic--a comparative study. Molecules 2012; 17:8968-81. [PMID: 22842642 PMCID: PMC6269070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17088968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry matter, organic acids, ascorbic acid, minerals (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium) and polyphenolic profile of a number of non-traditional fruit species and their genotypes, namely blue honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.), Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia), black mulberry (Morus nigra), Tomentosa cherry (Prunus tomentosa Thunb.) and jostaberry (Ribes nigrum x Grossularia uva-crispa) were investigated. The results showed that Lonicera genotypes displayed high levels of ascorbic acid and they were rich in minerals, with the cultivar ‘Amfora’ achieving the leading position in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content among all lesser known fruit species. Amelanchier cultivars represented a valuable source of ascorbic acid and calcium, ‘Tišňovský’ and ‘Smoky’ together with Morus nigra ‘Jugoslavska’ accumulated the highest level of examined polyphenolic compounds. Regular consumption of studied less common fruit species can bring health benefits so they can represent a high potential value for fruit growers and in addition they can be utilised as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunde Jurikova
- Department of Natural and Informatics Sciences, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Drazovska 4, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (T.J.); (L.S.); (R.Ž.)
| | - Jiri Sochor
- Karel Englis College, Sujanovo nam. 356/1, CZ-602 00, Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (O.Z.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka, 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otakar Rop
- Department of Food Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Namesti T. G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic; (O.R.); (J.M.)
| | - Jiří Mlček
- Department of Food Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Namesti T. G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic; (O.R.); (J.M.)
| | - Štefan Balla
- Department of Natural and Informatics Sciences, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Drazovska 4, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (T.J.); (L.S.); (R.Ž.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed;
| | - Ladislav Szekeres
- Department of Natural and Informatics Sciences, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Drazovska 4, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (T.J.); (L.S.); (R.Ž.)
| | - Rastislav Žitný
- Department of Natural and Informatics Sciences, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Drazovska 4, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (T.J.); (L.S.); (R.Ž.)
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Karel Englis College, Sujanovo nam. 356/1, CZ-602 00, Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (O.Z.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Karel Englis College, Sujanovo nam. 356/1, CZ-602 00, Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (O.Z.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka, 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Karel Englis College, Sujanovo nam. 356/1, CZ-602 00, Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (O.Z.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka, 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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