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Lin X, Wu H, Huang G, Wu Q, Yao ZP. Rapid authentication of red wine by MALDI-MS combined with DART-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1283:341966. [PMID: 37977790 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and high-throughput approach was developed for authentication of red wine for the first time, by combining spectral results from matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). By coupling with orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA), this approach enabled successful classification of 535 wines from 8 countries, with the correct classification rates of 100% on the calibration set and over 90% on the validation set for almost all countries, and 26 potential characteristic markers selected. Compared to one single technique, this approach allowed detection of more compound ions, and with better fitting and predictive performances. The satisfactory differentiation results of vintages and grape varieties further verified the robustness of the approach. This study demonstrated the feasibility of combining multiple mass spectrometric techniques for wine analysis, which can be extended to other fields or to combinations of other analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Research Institute for Future Food, and Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Gefei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Research Institute for Future Food, and Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Research Institute for Future Food, and Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Research Institute for Future Food, and Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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2
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Zhang J, Sun M, Elmaidomy AH, Youssif KA, Zaki AMM, Hassan Kamal H, Sayed AM, Abdelmohsen UR. Emerging trends and applications of metabolomics in food science and nutrition. Food Funct 2023; 14:9050-9082. [PMID: 37740352 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01770b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The study of all chemical processes involving metabolites is known as metabolomics. It has been developed into an essential tool in several disciplines, such as the study of plant physiology, drug development, human diseases, and nutrition. The field of food science, diagnostic biomarker research, etiological analysis in the field of medical therapy, and raw material quality, processing, and safety have all benefited from the use of metabolomics recently. Food metabolomics includes the use of metabolomics in food production, processing, and human diets. As a result of changing consumer habits and the rising of food industries all over the world, there is a remarkable increase in interest in food quality and safety. It requires the employment of various technologies for the food supply chain, processing of food, and even plant breeding. This can be achieved by understanding the metabolome of food, including its biochemistry and composition. Additionally, Food metabolomics can be used to determine the similarities and differences across crop kinds, as an indicator for tracking the process of ripening to increase crops' shelf life and attractiveness, and identifying metabolites linked to pathways responsible for postharvest disorders. Moreover, nutritional metabolomics is used to investigate the connection between diet and human health through detection of certain biomarkers. This review assessed and compiled literature on food metabolomics research with an emphasis on metabolite extraction, detection, and data processing as well as its applications to the study of food nutrition, food-based illness, and phytochemical analysis. Several studies have been published on the applications of metabolomics in food but further research concerning the use of standard reproducible procedures must be done. The results published showed promising uses in the food industry in many areas such as food production, processing, and human diets. Finally, metabolome-wide association studies (MWASs) could also be a useful predictor to detect the connection between certain diseases and low molecular weight biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Mingna Sun
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Abeer H Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Khayrya A Youssif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Saleheya El Gadida University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adham M M Zaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Hossam Hassan Kamal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62513 Beni-Suef, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Almaaqal University, 61014 Basra, Iraq
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
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Landberg R, Karra P, Hoobler R, Loftfield E, Huybrechts I, Rattner JI, Noerman S, Claeys L, Neveu V, Vidkjaer NH, Savolainen O, Playdon MC, Scalbert A. Dietary biomarkers-an update on their validity and applicability in epidemiological studies. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad119. [PMID: 37791499 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this literature review was to identify and provide a summary update on the validity and applicability of the most promising dietary biomarkers reflecting the intake of important foods in the Western diet for application in epidemiological studies. Many dietary biomarker candidates, reflecting intake of common foods and their specific constituents, have been discovered from intervention and observational studies in humans, but few have been validated. The literature search was targeted for biomarker candidates previously reported to reflect intakes of specific food groups or components that are of major importance in health and disease. Their validity was evaluated according to 8 predefined validation criteria and adapted to epidemiological studies; we summarized the findings and listed the most promising food intake biomarkers based on the evaluation. Biomarker candidates for alcohol, cereals, coffee, dairy, fats and oils, fruits, legumes, meat, seafood, sugar, tea, and vegetables were identified. Top candidates for all categories are specific to certain foods, have defined parent compounds, and their concentrations are unaffected by nonfood determinants. The correlations of candidate dietary biomarkers with habitual food intake were moderate to strong and their reproducibility over time ranged from low to high. For many biomarker candidates, critical information regarding dose response, correlation with habitual food intake, and reproducibility over time is yet unknown. The nutritional epidemiology field will benefit from the development of novel methods to combine single biomarkers to generate biomarker panels in combination with self-reported data. The most promising dietary biomarker candidates that reflect commonly consumed foods and food components for application in epidemiological studies were identified, and research required for their full validation was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Prasoona Karra
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rachel Hoobler
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erikka Loftfield
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Jodi I Rattner
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Stefania Noerman
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liesel Claeys
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Lyon, France
| | - Vanessa Neveu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Nanna Hjort Vidkjaer
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Otto Savolainen
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mary C Playdon
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
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García-Aguilera ME, Delgado-Altamirano R, Villalón N, Ruiz-Terán F, García-Garnica MM, Ocaña-Ríos I, Rodríguez de San Miguel E, Esturau-Escofet N. Study of the Stability of Wine Samples for 1H-NMR Metabolomic Profile Analysis through Chemometrics Methods. Molecules 2023; 28:5962. [PMID: 37630214 PMCID: PMC10457861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Wine is a temperature, light, and oxygen-sensitive product, so its physicochemical characteristics can be modified by variations in temperature and time when samples are either sampled, transported, and/or analyzed. These changes can alter its metabolomic fingerprinting, impacting further classification tasks and quality/quantitative analyses. For these reasons, the aim of this work is to compare and analyze the information obtained by different chemometric methods used in a complementary form (PCA, ASCA, and PARAFAC) to study 1H-NMR spectra variations of four red wine samples kept at different temperatures and time lapses. In conjunction, distinctive changes in the spectra are satisfactorily tracked with each chemometric method. The chemometric analyses reveal variations related to the wine sample, temperature, and time, as well as the interactions among these factors. Moreover, the magnitude and statistical significance of the effects are satisfactorily accounted for by ASCA, while the time-related effects variations are encountered by PARAFAC modeling. Acetaldehyde, formic acid, polyphenols, carbohydrates, lactic acid, ethyl lactate, methanol, choline, succinic acid, proline, acetoin, acetic acid, 1,3-propanediol, isopentanol, and some amino acids are identified as some of the metabolites which present the most important variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E. García-Aguilera
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (M.E.G.-A.); (R.D.-A.); (N.V.); (M.M.G.-G.); (I.O.-R.)
| | - Ronna Delgado-Altamirano
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (M.E.G.-A.); (R.D.-A.); (N.V.); (M.M.G.-G.); (I.O.-R.)
| | - Nayelli Villalón
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (M.E.G.-A.); (R.D.-A.); (N.V.); (M.M.G.-G.); (I.O.-R.)
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Terán
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Mariana M. García-Garnica
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (M.E.G.-A.); (R.D.-A.); (N.V.); (M.M.G.-G.); (I.O.-R.)
| | - Irán Ocaña-Ríos
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (M.E.G.-A.); (R.D.-A.); (N.V.); (M.M.G.-G.); (I.O.-R.)
| | | | - Nuria Esturau-Escofet
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (M.E.G.-A.); (R.D.-A.); (N.V.); (M.M.G.-G.); (I.O.-R.)
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5
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Bambina P, Spinella A, Lo Papa G, Chillura Martino DF, Lo Meo P, Corona O, Cinquanta L, Conte P. 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics to Assess the Impact of Soil Type on the Chemical Composition of Nero d'Avola Red Wines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5823-5835. [PMID: 36940311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the soil effect on the micro-component composition of Nero d'Avola wines obtained from different locations was investigated through 1H NMR-based metabolomics. Two different approaches were applied: the targeted (TA) and the non-targeted one (NTA). The former differentiated the wines by profiling (i.e., by identifying and quantifying) a number of different metabolites. The latter provided wine fingerprinting by processing the entire spectra with multivariate statistical analysis. NTA also allowed investigation of the hydrogen bond network inside wines via the analysis of 1H NMR chemical shift dispersions. Results showed that the differences among wines were due not only to the concentrations of various analytes but also to the characteristics of the H-bond network where different solutes were involved. The H-bond network affects both gustatory and olfactory perceptions by modulating the way how solutes interact with the human sensorial receptors. Moreover, the aforementioned H-bond network is also related to the soil properties from which the grapes were taken. Therefore, the present study can be considered a good attempt to investigate terroir, i.e., the relationship between wine quality and soil characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bambina
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, V.le delle Scienze 13, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Spinella
- Advanced Technologies Network Center (ATeN Center), University of Palermo, via F. Marini 14, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lo Papa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, V.le delle Scienze 13, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Delia Francesca Chillura Martino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, V.le delle Scienze 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Lo Meo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, V.le delle Scienze 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Onofrio Corona
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, V.le delle Scienze 13, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luciano Cinquanta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, V.le delle Scienze 13, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Conte
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, V.le delle Scienze 13, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Lee DY, Park SH, Park SE, Kim EJ, Kim HW, Seo SH, Cho KM, Kwon SJ, Whon TW, Min SG, Choi YJ, Roh SW, Seo HY, Son HS. Comprehensive elucidation of the terroir of Korean kimchi through the study of recipes, metabolites, microbiota, and sensory characteristics. Food Res Int 2023; 166:112614. [PMID: 36914329 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in characteristics of the fermented food kimchi based on the regions where it is produced. A total of 108 kimchi samples were collected from five different provinces in Korea to analyze the recipes, metabolites, microbes, and sensory characteristics. Overall, 18 ingredients (including salted anchovy and seaweed), 7 quality indicators (such as salinity and moisture content), 14 genera of microorganisms (mainly Tetragenococcus and Weissella belonging to LAB), and 38 metabolites contributed to the characteristics of kimchi by region. Kimchi from the southern and northern regions showed distinct metabolite profile (collected 108 kimchi) and flavor profile differences (kimchi manufactured using the standard regional recipes). This is the first study to investigate the terroir effect of kimchi by identifying differences in ingredients, metabolites, microbes, and sensory characteristics based on the region of production, and the correlations between these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Park
- World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Tae Woong Whon
- World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gi Min
- World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Choi
- World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Woon Roh
- Microbiome Research Team, LISCure Biosciences Inc, Gyeonggi-do 13486, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Young Seo
- World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong-Seok Son
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Chitosan Film as a Replacement for Conventional Sulphur Dioxide Treatment of White Wines: A 1H NMR Metabolomic Study. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213428. [PMID: 36360041 PMCID: PMC9655381 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan–genipin (Ch-Ge) films have been proposed for the replacement of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in white wines preservation to circumvent the adverse health consequences caused by SO2 intake. To assess the effects of different-sized Ch-Ge films (25 and 100 cm2) on wine composition compared to SO2-treated and untreated wines, nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics was applied. Relative to SO2, 100 cm2 films induced significant changes in the levels of organic acids, sugars, amino acids, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, among other compounds, while 25 cm2 films appeared to induce only small variations. The observed metabolite variations were proposed to arise from the mitigation of fermentative processes, electrostatic interactions between acids and the positively charged films and the promotion of Maillard and Strecker reactions. Qualitative sensory analysis showed that wines maintained overall appropriate sensory characteristics, with 100 cm2 film treated wines showing slightly higher attributes. Based on these results, the possibility of using Ch-Ge films as a replacement for SO2 treatment is discussed.
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8
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Stability of Metabolomic Content during Sample Preparation: Blood and Brain Tissues. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090811. [PMID: 36144215 PMCID: PMC9505456 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal and enzymatic reactions can significantly change the tissue metabolomic content during the sample preparation. In this work, we evaluated the stability of metabolites in human whole blood, serum, and rat brain, as well as in metabolomic extracts from these tissues. We measured the concentrations of 63 metabolites in brain and 52 metabolites in blood. We have shown that metabolites in the extracts from biological tissues are stable within 24 h at 4 °C. Serum and whole blood metabolomes are also rather stable, changes in metabolomic content of the whole blood homogenate become apparent only after 1–2 h of incubation at 4 °C, and become strong after 24 h. The most significant changes correspond to energy metabolites: the concentrations of ATP and ADP decrease fivefold, and the concentrations of NAD, NADH, and NADPH decrease below the detectable level. A statistically significant increase was observed for AMP, IMP, hypoxanthine, and nicotinamide. The brain tissue is much more metabolically active than human blood, and significant metabolomic changes occur already within the first several minutes during the brain harvest and sample homogenization. At a longer timescale (hours), noticeable changes were observed for all classes of compounds, including amino acids, organic acids, alcohols, amines, sugars, nitrogenous bases, nucleotides, and nucleosides.
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Zareei E, Zaare-Nahandi F, Oustan S, Hajilou J, Dadpour M. Insight into the role of magnetic nutrient solution on leaf morphology and biochemical attributes of Rasha grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 185:290-301. [PMID: 35728421 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The growth, development, and morphology of plants are extremely affected by many internal and external factors. In this regard, plant nourishing solutions take the most impact. Nowadays, the magnetization of nutrient solutions has been recommended as a promising eco-friendly approach for improving the growth and development of plants. This study was designed to explore the potential of magnetic nutrient solutions in altering morphometric characteristics as well as some physiological and nutritional attributes of Rasha grapevines. Magnetic treatments included magnetized nutrient solution (MagS) and pre-magnetized water completed with nutrients (MagW + S) at magnetic field intensities (0.1 and 0.2 T). According to the results, the most considerable changes in leaf shape and size as well as fresh and dry weights were observed in the plants treated with MagS at 0.2 T. Also, MagS 0.2 had a significant effect on increasing photosynthetic pigments, content of total soluble carbohydrates and protein, and activity of antioxidant enzymes. The content of TNK, K, P, Fe, and Cu was considerably amplified by MagW + S 0.2. Overall, the magnetic solutions had favorable influences on physiological, nutritional state, and leaf morphology of grapevines possibly through alerting water and solution properties, mineral solubility, and phytohormones signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Zareei
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Fariborz Zaare-Nahandi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Shahin Oustan
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Hajilou
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Dadpour
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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10
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Application of Chitosan-Lignosulfonate Composite Coating Film in Grape Preservation and Study on the Difference in Metabolites in Fruit Wine. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to solve the global problem of fruit rotting due to microbial infection and water loss after harvest, which leads to a large amount of food waste, this experiment uses degradable biological composite coating to prolong the preservation period of grapes. Chitosan (CH) and Lignosulfonate (LS) were used as Bio-based film materials, CH films, 1% CH/LS films and 2% CH/LS biomass composite films were synthesized by the classical casting method and applied to grape preservation packaging. Its preservation effect was tested by grape spoilage rate, water loss rate, hardness, soluble solids, titratable acid, and compared with plastic packaging material PE film. At the same time, 1H NMR technology combined with pattern recognition analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to determine the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay and Italian Riesling wines from the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain to explore the differences in metabolites of wine. The results of preservation showed that the grapes quality of CH films and 2% CH/LS coating package is better than the control group, the decay rates decreased from 37.71% to 21.63% and 18.36%, respectively, the hardness increased from 6.83 to 10.4 and 12.78 and the soluble solids increased from 2.1 in the control group to 3.0 and 3.2. In terms of wine metabolites, there are similar types of metabolites between cabernet Sauvignon dry red wine and Chardonnay and Italian Riesling dry white wine, but there are significant differences in content. The study found that 2% CH/LS coating package could not only reduce the spoilage rate of grapes, inhibit the consumption of soluble solids and titratable acids, but also effectively extend the shelf life of grapes by 6 days.
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11
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QU Q, JIN L. Application of nuclear magnetic resonance in food analysis. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.43622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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The effects of sulphur dioxide on wine metabolites: New insights from 1H NMR spectroscopy based in-situ screening, detection, identification and quantification. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Emwas AHM, Al-Rifai N, Szczepski K, Alsuhaymi S, Rayyan S, Almahasheer H, Jaremko M, Brennan L, Lachowicz JI. You Are What You Eat: Application of Metabolomics Approaches to Advance Nutrition Research. Foods 2021; 10:1249. [PMID: 34072780 PMCID: PMC8229064 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy condition is defined by complex human metabolic pathways that only function properly when fully satisfied by nutritional inputs. Poor nutritional intakes are associated with a number of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and osteoporosis. In recent years, nutrition science has undergone an extraordinary transformation driven by the development of innovative software and analytical platforms. However, the complexity and variety of the chemical components present in different food types, and the diversity of interactions in the biochemical networks and biological systems, makes nutrition research a complicated field. Metabolomics science is an "-omic", joining proteomics, transcriptomics, and genomics in affording a global understanding of biological systems. In this review, we present the main metabolomics approaches, and highlight the applications and the potential for metabolomics approaches in advancing nutritional food research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Hamid M. Emwas
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nahla Al-Rifai
- Environmental Technology Management (2005-2012), College for Women, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait;
| | - Kacper Szczepski
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (S.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Shuruq Alsuhaymi
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (S.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Saleh Rayyan
- Chemistry Department, Birzeit University, Birzeit 627, Palestine;
| | - Hanan Almahasheer
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441-1982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (S.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health and Conway Institute, School of Agriculture & Food Science, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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14
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Metabolomics Technologies for the Identification and Quantification of Dietary Phenolic Compound Metabolites: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060846. [PMID: 34070614 PMCID: PMC8229076 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search for natural products with properties that may protect against or slow down chronic and degenerative diseases (e.g., cancer, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative conditions), phenolic compounds (PC) with benefits for human health have been identified. The biological effects of PC in vivo depend on their bioavailability, intestinal absorption, metabolism, and interaction with target tissues. The identification of phenolic compounds metabolites (PCM), in biological samples, after food ingestion rich in PC is a first step to understand the overall effect on human health. However, their wide range of physicochemical properties, levels of abundance, and lack of reference standards, renders its identification and quantification a challenging task for existing analytical platforms. The most frequent approaches to metabolomics analysis combine mass spectrometry and NMR, parallel technologies that provide an overview of the metabolome and high-power compound elucidation. In this scenario, the aim of this review is to summarize the pre-analytical separation processes for plasma and urine samples and the technologies applied in quantitative and qualitative analysis of PCM. Additionally, a comparison of targeted and non-targeted approaches is presented, not available in previous reviews, which may be useful for future metabolomics studies of PCM.
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15
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Xu S, Zhu J, Zhao Q, Gao J, Zhang H, Hu B. Quality evaluation of Cabernet Sauvignon wines in different vintages by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic study was used to characterize 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 vintages of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Ningxia, which were vinified using the same fermentation technique. The pattern recognition methods of principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal PLS-DA (OPLS-DA) clearly distinguished between the different vintages of wine driven by the following metabolites: valine, 2,3-butanediol, ethyl acetate, proline, succinic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, glycerol, gallic acid, and choline. The PLS-DA loading plots also differentiated among the metabolites of different vintages. In the 2009 vintage wines, we found the highest levels of gallic acid, valine, proline, and 2,3-butanediol. The 2011 vintage wines contained the highest levels of lactic acid, and the highest levels of ethyl acetate, succinic acid, glycerol, and choline were observed in the 2012 vintage wines. We selected eight metabolites from the 1H NMR spectra that were quantified according to their peak areas, and the concentrations were in agreement with the results of PLS-DA and OPLS-DA analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochen Xu
- The Graduate School of East Asian Studies, Yamaguchi University , 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi-shi , Yamaguchi 753-8511 , Japan
- The School of Tourism and Colinary Arts (The School of Food Science and Engineering), Yangzhou University , 196 Huayang West Road , Yangzhou 225127 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jiangyu Zhu
- The School of Tourism and Colinary Arts (The School of Food Science and Engineering), Yangzhou University , 196 Huayang West Road , Yangzhou 225127 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Qi Zhao
- The School of Tourism and Colinary Arts (The School of Food Science and Engineering), Yangzhou University , 196 Huayang West Road , Yangzhou 225127 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jin Gao
- The School of Tourism and Colinary Arts (The School of Food Science and Engineering), Yangzhou University , 196 Huayang West Road , Yangzhou 225127 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Huining Zhang
- Yangzhou Hospitality Institute , 500 Zhannan Road , Yangzhou 225002 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Boran Hu
- The School of Tourism and Colinary Arts (The School of Food Science and Engineering), Yangzhou University , 196 Huayang West Road , Yangzhou 225127 , Jiangsu , China
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16
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Phan Q, Tomasino E. Untargeted lipidomic approach in studying pinot noir wine lipids and predicting wine origin. Food Chem 2021; 355:129409. [PMID: 33799257 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An untargeted lipidomic profiling approach based on ultra - performance liquid chromatography - time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS/MS) was successfully used to study the origin of commercial Pinot noir wines. The total wine lipids were extracted using a modified Bligh-Dyer method. In all wine samples, the total lipids were less than 0.1% (w/w) of wine. The wines analyzed consisted of 222 lipids from 11 different classes. 48 commercial Pinot noir wine samples were collected from producers in Burgundy, California, Oregon, and New Zealand. Lipidomic data was studied using advanced multivariate analysis methods, random forest, k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), and linear discriminant analysis. The overall classification accuracy was 97.5% for random forest and 90% for k-NN. Wine lipids showed a strong potential for classifying wines by origin, with the top 58 lipids contributing to the discrimination. This information could potentially be used for further study of the impacts of lipids on wine characteristics and authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Phan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, 100 Wiegand Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Elizabeth Tomasino
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, 100 Wiegand Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
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17
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Solovyev PA, Fauhl-Hassek C, Riedl J, Esslinger S, Bontempo L, Camin F. NMR spectroscopy in wine authentication: An official control perspective. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2040-2062. [PMID: 33506593 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wine authentication is vital in identifying malpractice and fraud, and various physical and chemical analytical techniques have been employed for this purpose. Besides wet chemistry, these include chromatography, isotopic ratio mass spectrometry, optical spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which have been applied in recent years in combination with chemometric approaches. For many years, 2 H NMR spectroscopy was the method of choice and achieved official recognition in the detection of sugar addition to grape products. Recently, 1 H NMR spectroscopy, a simpler and faster method (in terms of sample preparation), has gathered more and more attention in wine analysis, even if it still lacks official recognition. This technique makes targeted quantitative determination of wine ingredients and nontargeted detection of the metabolomic fingerprint of a wine sample possible. This review summarizes the possibilities and limitations of 1 H NMR spectroscopy in analytical wine authentication, by reviewing its applications as reported in the literature. Examples of commercial and open-source solutions combining NMR spectroscopy and chemometrics are also examined herein, together with its opportunities of becoming an official method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Solovyev
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Italy
| | - Carsten Fauhl-Hassek
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food Chain, Unit Product Identity, Supply Chains and Traceability, Max-Dohrn Strasse, 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Janet Riedl
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food Chain, Unit Product Identity, Supply Chains and Traceability, Max-Dohrn Strasse, 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Susanne Esslinger
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food Chain, Unit Product Identity, Supply Chains and Traceability, Max-Dohrn Strasse, 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Italy
| | - Federica Camin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Italy.,Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, Tennessee, 38010, Italy
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18
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Viskić M, Bandić LM, Korenika AMJ, Jeromel A. NMR in the Service of Wine Differentiation. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010120. [PMID: 33429968 PMCID: PMC7827514 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NMR is a swift and highly reproducible spectrometric technique that makes it possible to obtain spectra containing a lot of information about the sample analyzed. This approach helps major components be described in complex mixtures such as wine in just one analysis. Analysis of wine metabolites is very often used to understand the impact of geographical origin or variety on wine quality. NMR is often used for tracing the geographical origin of wine. Research on NMR metabolic effects of geographical origin is of great importance as the high added value of wines results from compliance with state legislation on the protected denomination of origin (PDO) and protected geographical indication (PGI) for the administration of the appellation of wines. A review of NMR with emphasis on SNIF-NMR in the analysis of wine authenticity is given. SNIF-NMR remains a method of choice for the detection of wine chaptalization as it is the only approach which provides position-specific information on the origin of sugar in wine. However, the sample preparation step, which lacks major improvements since its conception, is strenuous and expensive, and suffers from drawbacks in terms of low sample throughput. Mainstream 1D and 2D NMR experiments provide a fast and affordable way to authenticate wine based on the geographical origin, vintage, and variety discrimination, and include a simple and non-destructive sample preparation step. With this approach, spectral data processing often represents a crucial step of the analysis. With properly performed NMR experiments good to excellent differentiation of wines from different vintages, regions, and varieties was achieved recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Viskić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Luna Maslov Bandić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana-Marija Jagatić Korenika
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.-M.J.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Ana Jeromel
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.-M.J.K.); (A.J.)
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19
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Ríos-Reina R, Camiña JM, Callejón RM, Azcarate SM. Spectralprint techniques for wine and vinegar characterization, authentication and quality control: Advances and projections. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Zava A, Sebastião PJ, Catarino S. Wine traceability and authenticity: approaches for geographical origin, variety and vintage assessment. CIÊNCIA E TÉCNICA VITIVINÍCOLA 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/ctv/20203502133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to identify and discuss physicochemical wine characteristics, to provide to some extent a link to the vintage, variety, and/or geographical origin. Bibliographic datasets were attempted to provide the main information for topic comprehension, identifying the sources of wine compositional variability and how these can be expressed in terms of the belonging categories. Since all the environmental and technological conditions which vineyard and wine are subjected are rarely known, different sources were inspected. Great importance was given to the study of isotopic composition because of its importance in food frauds detection history. The interaction of the plant genotype with the environmental conditions of the vintage is the main responsible for the wines organic and inorganic fraction variability in terms of both total and relative content. This phenotypical expression, together with human and abiotic variability sources, has been examined since it contains to some extent the information for the discrimination of wines according to their category. Recently, new proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy techniques have been under study and, used concurrently to chemometric data management procedures, showed to be an interesting and promising tool for wine characterization according to both vintage and variety.
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21
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13C NMR Dataset Qualitative Analysis of Grecian Wines. DATA 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/data5030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of analytical techniques for characterizing food samples, especially for the wine industry, is a main topic of research. Regarding the classification of wines based on their geographical origin, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy represents a fast and effective tool for determining chemical fingerprints. Herein, a 13C NMR dataset, which was acquired for classification of Grecian wines through multivariate statistics, is reported and described. Thus, the main qualitative differences between grapes of the same geographical origin, observable by the visual analysis of the 13C NMR data, are discussed.
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22
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Mascellani A, Hoca G, Babisz M, Krska P, Kloucek P, Havlik J. 1H NMR chemometric models for classification of Czech wine type and variety. Food Chem 2020; 339:127852. [PMID: 32889133 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A set of 917 wines of Czech origin were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) with the aim of building and evaluating multivariate statistical models and machine learning methods for the classification of 6 types based on colour and residual sugar content, 13 wine grape varieties and 4 locations based on 1H NMR spectra. The predictive models afforded greater than 93% correctness for classifying dry and medium dry, medium, and sweet white wines and dry red wines. The trained Random Forest (RF) model classified Pinot noir with 96% correctness, Blaufränkisch 96%, Riesling 92%, Cabernet Sauvignon 77%, Chardonnay 76%, Gewürtztraminer 60%, Hibernal 60%, Grüner Veltliner 52%, Pinot gris 48%, Sauvignon Blanc 45%, and Pálava 40%. Pinot blanc and Chardonnay, varieties that are often mistakenly interchanged, were discriminated with 71% correctness. The findings support chemometrics as a tool for predicting important features in wine, particularly for quality assessment and fraud detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mascellani
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Gokce Hoca
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Babisz
- The National Wine Centre, Zamek 1, 691 42 Valtice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krska
- The National Wine Centre, Zamek 1, 691 42 Valtice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kloucek
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Havlik
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
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23
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Mannu A, Karabagias IK, Di Pietro ME, Baldino S, Karabagias VK, Badeka AV. 13C NMR-Based Chemical Fingerprint for the Varietal and Geographical Discrimination of Wines. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081040. [PMID: 32748828 PMCID: PMC7466255 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A fast, economic, and eco-friendly methodology for the wine variety and geographical origin differentiation using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data in combination with machine learning was developed. Wine samples of different grape varieties cultivated in different regions in Greece were subjected to 13C NMR analysis. The relative integrals of the 13C spectral window were processed and extracted to build a chemical fingerprint for the characterization of each specific wine variety, and then subjected to factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, and k-nearest neighbors analysis. The statistical analysis results showed that the 13C NMR fingerprint could be used as a rapid and accurate indicator of the wine variety differentiation. An almost perfect classification rate based on training (99.8%) and holdout methods (99.9%) was obtained. Results were further tested on the basis of Cronbach's alpha reliability analysis, where a very low random error (0.30) was estimated, indicating the accuracy and strength of the aforementioned methodology for the discrimination of the wine variety. The obtained data were grouped according to the geographical origin of wine samples and further subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The PLS-DA and variable importance in projection (VIP) allowed the determination of a chemical fingerprint characteristic of each geographical group. The statistical analysis revealed the possibility of acquiring useful information on wines, by simply processing the 13C NMR raw data, without the need to determine any specific metabolomic profile. In total, the obtained fingerprint can be used for the development of rapid quality-control methodologies concerning wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mannu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (I.K.K.)
| | - Ioannis K. Karabagias
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.K.K.); (A.V.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (I.K.K.)
| | - Maria Enrica Di Pietro
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Baldino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Vassilios K. Karabagias
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.K.K.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Anastasia V. Badeka
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.K.K.); (A.V.B.)
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Cuadros-Inostroza Á, Verdugo-Alegría C, Willmitzer L, Moreno-Simunovic Y, Vallarino JG. Non-Targeted Metabolite Profiles and Sensory Properties Elucidate Commonalities and Differences of Wines Made with the Same Variety but Different Cultivar Clones. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060220. [PMID: 32481759 PMCID: PMC7344679 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapes, one of the oldest agricultural crops, are cultivated to produce table fruits, dried fruits, juice, and wine. Grapevine variety is composed of clones that share common morphological traits. However, they can differ in minor genetic mutations which often result in not only notorious morphological changes but also in other non-visible sensorial distinctive attributes. In the present work, we identified three Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir clones grown under identical field conditions that showed different grape cluster types. Here, sensorial analysis together with non-targeted metabolite profiles by Ultra High performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) couples to Ultra High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) of wines elaborated from the three different grape cluster types was studied with the aim of (i) finding sensorial differences among these three types of wines, and, if there were, (ii) determining the molecular features (metabolites) associated with these sensorial attributes by a multivariate statistical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Verdugo-Alegría
- Centro Tecnológico de la Vid y el Vino, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, 3460000 Talca, Maule, Chile;
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;
| | - Yerko Moreno-Simunovic
- Centro Tecnológico de la Vid y el Vino, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, 3460000 Talca, Maule, Chile;
- Correspondence: (Y.M.-S.); (J.G.V.)
| | - José G. Vallarino
- Centro Tecnológico de la Vid y el Vino, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, 3460000 Talca, Maule, Chile;
- Correspondence: (Y.M.-S.); (J.G.V.)
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25
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Ferrer-Gallego R, Rodríguez-Pulido FJ, Toci AT, García-Estevez I. Phenolic Composition, Quality and Authenticity of Grapes and Wines by Vibrational Spectroscopy. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1752231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco J. Rodríguez-Pulido
- Food Colour & Quality Laboratory, Department Nutrition & Food Science, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Aline T. Toci
- Environmental and Food Interdisciplinary Studies Laboratory, Federal University of Latin American Integration (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçú, Brazil
| | - Ignacio García-Estevez
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Departamento Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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26
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Bordet F, Joran A, Klein G, Roullier-Gall C, Alexandre H. Yeast-Yeast Interactions: Mechanisms, Methodologies and Impact on Composition. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E600. [PMID: 32326124 PMCID: PMC7232261 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the winemaking process, alcoholic fermentation is carried out by a consortium of yeasts in which interactions occurs. The consequences of these interactions on the wine matrix have been widely described for several years with the aim of controlling the winemaking process as well as possible. In this review, we highlight the wide diversity of methodologies used to study these interactions, and their underlying mechanisms and consequences on the final wine composition and characteristics. The wide variety of matrix parameters, yeast couples, and culture conditions have led to contradictions between the results of the different studies considered. More recent aspects of modifications in the composition of the matrix are addressed through different approaches that have not been synthesized recently. Non-volatile and volatile metabolomics, as well as sensory analysis approaches are developed in this paper. The description of the matrix composition modification does not appear sufficient to explain interaction mechanisms, making it vital to take an integrated approach to draw definite conclusions on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Bordet
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France-IUVV Equipe VAlMiS, rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, 21078 Dijon CEDEX, France
- Lallemand SAS, 19, rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, 31702 Blagnac CEDEX, France
| | - Alexis Joran
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France-IUVV Equipe VAlMiS, rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, 21078 Dijon CEDEX, France
| | - Géraldine Klein
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France-IUVV Equipe VAlMiS, rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, 21078 Dijon CEDEX, France
| | - Chloé Roullier-Gall
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France-IUVV Equipe VAlMiS, rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, 21078 Dijon CEDEX, France
| | - Hervé Alexandre
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France-IUVV Equipe VAlMiS, rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, 21078 Dijon CEDEX, France
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Kim TJ, Park JG, Ahn SK, Kim KW, Choi J, Kim HY, Ha SH, Seo WD, Kim JK. Discrimination of Adzuki Bean ( Vigna angularis) Geographical Origin by Targeted and Non-Targeted Metabolite Profiling with Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2020; 10:E112. [PMID: 32192187 PMCID: PMC7143473 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As international food trade increases, consumers are becoming increasingly interested in food safety and authenticity, which are linked to geographical origin. Adzuki beans (Vigna angularis) are cultivated worldwide, but there are no tools for accurately discriminating their geographical origin. Thus, our study aims to develop a method for discriminating the geographical origin of adzuki beans through targeted and non-targeted metabolite profiling with gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with multivariate analysis. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis showed clear discrimination between adzuki beans cultivated in Korea and China. Non-targeted metabolite profiling showed better separation than targeted profiling. Furthermore, citric acid and malic acid were the most notable metabolites for discriminating adzuki beans cultivated in Korea and China. The geographical discrimination method combining non-targeted metabolite profiling and pareto-scaling showed excellent predictability (Q2 = 0.812). Therefore, it is a suitable prediction tool for the discrimination of geographical origin and is expected to be applicable to the geographical authentication of adzuki beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (T.J.K.); (J.G.P.); (S.K.A.); (K.W.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Jeong Gon Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (T.J.K.); (J.G.P.); (S.K.A.); (K.W.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Soon Kil Ahn
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (T.J.K.); (J.G.P.); (S.K.A.); (K.W.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Kil Won Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (T.J.K.); (J.G.P.); (S.K.A.); (K.W.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (T.J.K.); (J.G.P.); (S.K.A.); (K.W.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea;
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - Woo Duck Seo
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea;
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (T.J.K.); (J.G.P.); (S.K.A.); (K.W.K.); (J.C.)
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Hu B, Cao Y, Zhu J, Xu W, Wu W. Analysis of metabolites in chardonnay dry white wine with various inactive yeasts by 1H NMR spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition analysis. AMB Express 2019; 9:140. [PMID: 31486932 PMCID: PMC6728109 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effect of five inactive yeasts on the metabolites of Chardonnay dry white wines vinified in 2016 in Shacheng Manor Wine Co. Ltd., Hebei province, China. In this research, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy coupled multivariate analysis (1H NMR-PCA/PLS-DA) were applied to identify and discriminate the different wine products. The results of principle component analysis (PCA) showed that there was significant difference between the metabolites of sample wines with different inactive yeasts, among them, the content of polyols, organic acids, amino acids and choline was notably influenced. The results of partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) confirmed that the metabolites contributed to the discrimination of the wines were 2,3-butanediol, ethyl acetate, malic acid, valine, succinic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, glycerol, gallic acid, choline, proline, and alanine.
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NMR-Based Metabolomics Profiling for Radical Scavenging and Anti-Aging Properties of Selected Herbs. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173208. [PMID: 31484470 PMCID: PMC6749213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbs that are usually recognized as medicinal plants are well known for their therapeutic effects and are traditionally used to treat numerous diseases, including aging. This study aimed to evaluate the metabolite variations among six selected herbs namely Curcurma longa, Oenanthe javanica, Vitex negundo, Pluchea indica, Cosmos caudatus and Persicaria minus using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) coupled with multivariate data analysis (MVDA). The free radical scavenging activity of the extract was measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. The anti-aging property was characterized by anti-elastase and anti-collagenase inhibitory activities. The results revealed that P. minus showed the highest radical scavenging activities and anti-aging properties. The partial least squares (PLS) biplot indicated the presence of potent metabolites in P. minus such as quercetin, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (quercitrin), myricetin derivatives, catechin, isorhamnetin, astragalin and apigenin. It can be concluded that P. minus can be considered as a potential source for an anti-aging ingredient and also a good free radical eradicator. Therefore, P. minus could be used in future development in anti-aging researches and medicinal ingredient preparations.
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Gougeon L, da Costa G, Guyon F, Richard T. 1H NMR metabolomics applied to Bordeaux red wines. Food Chem 2019; 301:125257. [PMID: 31357002 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The q-NMR metabolomics has already demonstrated its potential for classifying wines of different geographical origins, grape varieties, or vintages. This study focuses on the characterisation of Bordeaux red wines, seeking to discriminate them from others produced in the major French wine regions. A sampling of 224 commercial French wines was analysed by 1H NMR and forty compounds were quantified. Non-supervised and supervised statistical analyses revealed a singular imprint of Bordeaux wines in comparison with other French wines, with classification rates ranging from 71% to 100%. Within the Bordeaux vineyards, red wines from the different Bordeaux subdivisions were analysed from different vintages. Our results indicate that q-NMR metabolomics enables the differentiation of Médoc and Libournais vineyard highlighting the most discriminant constituents. In addition, the effects of wine evolution during bottle aging and vintage on Bordeaux red wines were pointed out and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gougeon
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, 210 chemin de Leysotte, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Gregory da Costa
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, 210 chemin de Leysotte, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - François Guyon
- Service Commun des Laboratoires, 3 avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Tristan Richard
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, 210 chemin de Leysotte, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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Aguilera-Sáez LM, Arrabal-Campos FM, Callejón-Ferre ÁJ, Suárez Medina MD, Fernández I. Use of multivariate NMR analysis in the content prediction of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin in greenhouse crop residues. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 158:110-119. [PMID: 30502594 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have introduced the use of multivariate NMR analysis in the development of accurate and robust prediction models, potentially arising from a correlation between soluble metabolite profiles and cell wall composition, for the determination of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents in 8 species of greenhouse crop residues. The present paper demonstrates that discriminant buckets coming from a PLS-DA model in combination with linear models provide a useful and rapid tool for the determination of cell wall composition of these plant wastes. Regularized linear regression methods have also been applied to avoid overfitting, producing improved models specifically for lignin and cellulose determinations. The predictive models are also presented in a desktop application available at http://www2.ual.es/NMRMBC/solutions. To verify the rationality and reliability of the models, control experiments following generally accepted protocols have been performed and compared to our predicted values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Aguilera-Sáez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Francisco M Arrabal-Campos
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Ángel J Callejón-Ferre
- Department of Engineering- CIESOL, ceiA3, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - María D Suárez Medina
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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Gougeon L, da Costa G, Richard T, Guyon F. Wine Authenticity by Quantitative 1H NMR Versus Multitechnique Analysis: a Case Study. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-01425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Diamantidou D, Zotou A, Theodoridis G. Wine and grape marc spirits metabolomics. Metabolomics 2018; 14:159. [PMID: 30830493 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mass spectrometry (MS)-based and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses play a key role in the field of metabolomics due to their important advantages. The use of metabolomics in wine and grape marc spirits allows a more holistic perspective in monitoring and gaining information on the making processes and thus it can assist on the improvement of their quality. OBJECTIVES This review surveys the latest metabolomics approaches for wine and grape marc spirits with a focus on the description of MS-based and NMR spectroscopic analytical techniques. METHODS We reviewed the literature to identify metabolomic studies of wine and grape marc spirits that were published until the end of 2017, with the key term combinations of 'metabolomics', 'wine' and 'grape marc spirits'. Through the reference lists from these studies, additional articles were identified. RESULTS The results of this review showed that the application of different metabolomics approaches has significantly increased the knowledge of wine metabolome and grape marc spirits; however there is not yet a single analytical platform that can completely separate, detect and identify all metabolites in one analysis. CONCLUSIONS The authentication and quality control of wines and grape marc spirits has to be taken with caution, since the product's chemical composition could be affected by many factors. Despite intrinsic limitations, NMR spectroscopy and MS based strategies remain the key analytical methods in metabolomics studies. Authenticity, traceability and health issues related to their consumption are the major research initiatives in wine and grape marc spirits metabolomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Diamantidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Zotou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Theodoridis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Villa-Ruano N, Ramírez-Meraz M, Méndez-Aguilar R, Zepeda-Vallejo LG, Álvarez-Bravo A, Pérez-Hernández N, Becerra-Martínez E. 1H NMR-based metabolomics profiling of ten new races from Capsicum annuum cv. serrano produced in Mexico. Food Res Int 2018; 119:785-792. [PMID: 30884717 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report on the 1H NMR-based metabolomics profiling of ten new races of Capsicum annuum cv. serrano, cultivated in Mexico. Forty eight metabolites (including sugars, amino acids, organic acids, polyphenolic acids and alcohols) were identified and quantified by 2D NMR and qNMR, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) separated the ten races into two clusters, from which citric acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, glucose, fructose, sucrose and galactose were found as differential metabolites. This is the first study describing the chemical profiling of ten new races of Capsicum annuum cv. serrano and the spectrometric method used presently is characterized by great simplicity, robustness and reproducibility. Thus, this technique can be used for establishing reliable metabolomic fingerprints of different races of Capsicum annuum cv. serrano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemesio Villa-Ruano
- Universidad de la Sierra Sur, Guillermo Rojas Mijangos S/N, Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, CP 70800 Oaxaca, México
| | - Moisés Ramírez-Meraz
- INIFAP-Campo Experimental Las Huastecas, km 55 Carretera Tampico-Mante, Cuauhtémoc, Tamaulipas, México CP 89610, México
| | - Reinaldo Méndez-Aguilar
- INIFAP-Campo Experimental Las Huastecas, km 55 Carretera Tampico-Mante, Cuauhtémoc, Tamaulipas, México CP 89610, México
| | - L Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, México
| | - Arturo Álvarez-Bravo
- INIFAP-CIRPAC-CESIX Campo Experimental Santiago Ixcuintla, Km. 6 Entronque Carret, Internacional México-Nogales Santiago Ixcuintla, Nayarit C.P. 63300, México
| | - Nury Pérez-Hernández
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera, No. 239, Fracc. "La Escalera", Ticomàn, Ciudad de México 07320, México
| | - Elvia Becerra-Martínez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Luis Enrique Erro S/N, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacateco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, México.
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Cassino C, Tsolakis C, Bonello F, Gianotti V, Osella D. Wine evolution during bottle aging, studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis. Food Res Int 2018; 116:566-577. [PMID: 30716981 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study of wine evolution during bottle aging is an important aspect of wine quality. Ten different red wines (Vitis vinifera) from Piedmont region were analysed 3 months after bottling and after a further 48 month conservation in a climate controlled wine cellar kept at a constant/controlled temperature of 12 °C. Two white wines (Vitis vinifera) were included in this study for comparison purposes. White wines were analysed 3 months after bottling and after further 24 months of bottle aging in the same climate controlled wine cellar. Metabolite changes during this period were evaluated using 1H NMR spectroscopy combined with statistical analysis. Metabolite variations due to wine aging were minimal compared to those that resulted from a different wine type and wine geographical origin. Therefore, it was necessary to remove this source of variability to discriminate between fresh and refined samples. The storage at low and controlled temperature for 2 or 4 years permitted a slow but progressive evolution of all wines under investigation. 1H NMR spectroscopy, implemented with statistical data analysis, allowed identifying and differentiating wine samples from the two aging stages. In most wines, a decrease in organic acids (lactic acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid) and an increase in esters (ethyl acetate and ethyl lactate) was observed. Catechin and epicatechin decreased during aging in all wines while gallic acid increased in almost all red wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cassino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Christos Tsolakis
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy; CREA Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Viticultura ed Enologia (CREA-VE), Asti, Italy
| | - Federica Bonello
- CREA Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Viticultura ed Enologia (CREA-VE), Asti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gianotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
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36
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Wine Analysis and Authenticity Using 1H-NMR Metabolomics Data: Application to Chinese Wines. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhu J, Hu B, Lu J, Xu S. Analysis of Metabolites in Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz Dry Red Wines from Shanxi by 1H NMR Spectroscopy Combined with Pattern Recognition Analysis. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMetabolomics technology based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition analysis was used to characterize the Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz dry red wines vinified in the Linfen of Shanxi Province, China, in 2016. The results showed that there was a very significant difference between the metabolites of Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz dry red wines from the area of Linfen. Compared with Shiraz dry red wines, Cabernet Sauvignon dry red wines contained higher levels of proline, valine, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, gallic acid, β-glucose and ethyl acetate, whereas 2,3-butanediol, lactic acid, choline, glycerol, α-D-glucuronic acid, succinic acid and alanine were present in lower levels. Application of NMR spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition analysis showed the discriminative power between wine varietals from the same production area. The loading plot from partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLs-DA) indicated that the key biomarkers for this differentiation were proline, tartaric acid, glycerol, lactic acid, choline, succinic acid and gallic acid, which was consistent with the result of quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyu Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou city, Jiangsu Province 225127, China
| | - Boran Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou city, Jiangsu Province 225127, China
| | - Jie Lu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou city, Jiangsu Province 225127, China
| | - Shaochen Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou city, Jiangsu Province 225127, China
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Kikuchi J, Ito K, Date Y. Environmental metabolomics with data science for investigating ecosystem homeostasis. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 104:56-88. [PMID: 29405981 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A natural ecosystem can be viewed as the interconnections between complex metabolic reactions and environments. Humans, a part of these ecosystems, and their activities strongly affect the environments. To account for human effects within ecosystems, understanding what benefits humans receive by facilitating the maintenance of environmental homeostasis is important. This review describes recent applications of several NMR approaches to the evaluation of environmental homeostasis by metabolic profiling and data science. The basic NMR strategy used to evaluate homeostasis using big data collection is similar to that used in human health studies. Sophisticated metabolomic approaches (metabolic profiling) are widely reported in the literature. Further challenges include the analysis of complex macromolecular structures, and of the compositions and interactions of plant biomass, soil humic substances, and aqueous particulate organic matter. To support the study of these topics, we also discuss sample preparation techniques and solid-state NMR approaches. Because NMR approaches can produce a number of data with high reproducibility and inter-institution compatibility, further analysis of such data using machine learning approaches is often worthwhile. We also describe methods for data pretreatment in solid-state NMR and for environmental feature extraction from heterogeneously-measured spectroscopic data by machine learning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0810, Japan.
| | - Kengo Ito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Date
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Cool-Climate Red Wines-Chemical Composition and Comparison of Two Protocols for ¹H-NMR Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010160. [PMID: 29342836 PMCID: PMC6017122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the metabolome of 26 experimental cool-climate wines made from 22 grape varieties using two different protocols for wine analysis by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The wine samples were analyzed as-is (wet) and as dried samples. The NMR datasets were preprocessed by alignment and mean centering. No normalization or scaling was performed. The “wet” method preserved the inherent properties of the samples and provided a fast and effective overview of the molecular composition of the wines. The “dried” method yielded a slightly better sensitivity towards a broader range of the compounds present in wines. A total of 27 metabolites including amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and alkaloids were identified in the 1H-NMR spectra of the wine samples. Principal component analysis was performed on both NMR datasets evidencing well-defined molecular fingerprints for ‘Baco Noir’, ‘Bolero’, ‘Cabernet Cantor’, ‘Cabernet Cortis’, ‘Don Muscat’, ‘Eszter’, ‘Golubok’, ‘New York Muscat’, ‘Regent’, ‘Rondo’, ‘Triomphe d’Alsace’, ‘Précose Noir’, and ‘Vinoslivy’ wines. Amongst the identified metabolites, lactic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, gallic acid, glycerol, and methanol were found to drive sample groupings. The 1H-NMR data was compared to the absolute concentration values obtained from a reference Fourier transform infrared method, evidencing a high correlation.
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Ralli E, Amargianitaki M, Manolopoulou E, Misiak M, Markakis G, Tachtalidou S, Kolesnikova A, Dais P, Spyros A. NMR Spectroscopy Protocols for Food Metabolomics Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1738:203-211. [PMID: 29654592 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7643-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy has become an indispensable tool for the metabolic profiling of foods and food products. In the present protocol, we report an analytical approach based on liquid-state NMR for the determination of polar and nonpolar metabolites in some common liquid (wine, spirits, juice) and solid (cheese, coffee, honey) foods. Although the diversity of foods precludes the use of a single protocol, with small modifications, the proposed methodologies can be adapted to a broader range of foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Ralli
- NMR Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Amargianitaki
- NMR Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Efi Manolopoulou
- NMR Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Misiak
- NMR Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Markakis
- NMR Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sofia Tachtalidou
- NMR Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Photis Dais
- NMR Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Apostolos Spyros
- NMR Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Sobolev AP, Circi S, Capitani D, Ingallina C, Mannina L. Molecular fingerprinting of food authenticity. Curr Opin Food Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lamanna R, Imparato G, Tano P, Braca A, D'Ercole M, Ghianni G. Territorial origin of olive oil: representing georeferenced maps of olive oils by NMR profiling. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:639-647. [PMID: 27987239 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton NMR profiling is nowadays a consolidated technique for the identification of geographical origin of food samples. The common approach consists in correlating NMR spectra of food samples to their territorial origin by multivariate classification statistical algorithms. In the present work, we illustrate an alternative perspective to exploit territorial information, contained in the NMR spectra, which is based on the implementation of a geographic information system (GIS). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra are used to build a GIS map permitting the identification of territorial regions having strong similarities in the chemical content of the produced food (terroir units). These terroir units can, in turn, be used as input for labeling samples to be analyzed by traditional classification methods. In this work, we describe the methods and the algorithms that permit to produce GIS maps from NMR profiles and apply the described method to the analysis of the geographical distribution of olive oils in an Italian region. In particular, we analyzed by 1 H NMR up to 98 georeferenced olive oil samples produced in the Abruzzo Italian region. By using the first principal component of the NMR variables selected according to the Moran test, we produced a GIS map, in which we identified two regions incidentally corresponding to the provinces of Teramo and Pescara. We then labeled the samples according to the province of provenience and built an LDA model that provides a classification ability up to 99% . A comparison between the variables selected in the geostatistics and classification steps is finally performed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Lamanna
- ENEA Research Center of Trisaia, SS 106 Jonica Km 419.5, Rotondella, 75026, (MT), Italy
| | | | - Paola Tano
- CO.T.IR., SS 16 Nord 240, Vasto, 66054, (CH), Italy
| | - Angela Braca
- CO.T.IR., SS 16 Nord 240, Vasto, 66054, (CH), Italy
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Brignardello J, Holmes E, Garcia-Perez I. Metabolic Phenotyping of Diet and Dietary Intake. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2017; 81:231-270. [PMID: 28317606 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition provides the building blocks for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body and is key to maintaining health. Exposure to fast foods, mass production of dietary components, and wider importation of goods have challenged the balance between diet and health in recent decades, and both scientists and clinicians struggle to characterize the relationship between this changing dietary landscape and human metabolism with its consequent impact on health. Metabolic phenotyping of foods, using high-density data-generating technologies to profile the biochemical composition of foods, meals, and human samples (pre- and postfood intake), can be used to map the complex interaction between the diet and human metabolism and also to assess food quality and safety. Here, we outline some of the techniques currently used for metabolic phenotyping and describe key applications in the food sciences, ending with a broad outlook at some of the newer technologies in the field with a view to exploring their potential to address some of the critical challenges in nutritional science.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brignardello
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Holmes
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - I Garcia-Perez
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Corsaro C, Cicero N, Mallamace D, Vasi S, Naccari C, Salvo A, Giofrè SV, Dugo G. HR-MAS and NMR towards Foodomics. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Determination of Alcohol Content in Alcoholic Beverages Using 45 MHz Benchtop NMR Spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/2526946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol or ethanol is considered the most widely used recreational drug worldwide, and its production, consumption, and sale are strictly regulated by laws. Alcohol content of alcoholic beverages (wine, beers, and spirits) is about 3–50% v/v. Analytical methods to determine the alcohol content must be reliable, precise, and accurate. In this study, the amount of ethanol in several alcoholic beverages was determined using a 45 MHz low-field benchtop NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectrometer. Internal standard and standard addition analytical methods were utilized to quantify ethanol. For both methods, acetic acid or acetonitrile was used as internal standard to quantify alcohol content by using the peak area corresponding to the methyl peaks of ethanol, acetic acid, or acetonitrile. Results showed that internal standard method gave values of percent alcohol that are in close agreement with the indicated label as confirmed by running the samples in a 400 MHz high-field NMR spectrometer using acetic acid as internal standard. This study demonstrates the utility of a benchtop NMR spectrometer that can provide an alternative technique to analyze percent alcohol in alcoholic products.
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Cozzolino D. Metabolomics in Grape and Wine: Definition, Current Status and Future Prospects. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fotakis C, Zervou M. NMR metabolic fingerprinting and chemometrics driven authentication of Greek grape marc spirits. Food Chem 2016; 196:760-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Vázquez-Fresno R, Llorach R, Perera A, Mandal R, Feliz M, Tinahones FJ, Wishart DS, Andres-Lacueva C. Clinical phenotype clustering in cardiovascular risk patients for the identification of responsive metabotypes after red wine polyphenol intake. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 28:114-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hu B, Yue Y, Zhu Y, Wen W, Zhang F, Hardie JW. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Spectroscopic Discrimination of Wines Reflects Genetic Homology of Several Different Grape (V. vinifera L.) Cultivars. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142840. [PMID: 26658757 PMCID: PMC4684234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy coupled multivariate analysis (1H NMR-PCA/PLS-DA) is an important tool for the discrimination of wine products. Although 1H NMR has been shown to discriminate wines of different cultivars, a grape genetic component of the discrimination has been inferred only from discrimination of cultivars of undefined genetic homology and in the presence of many confounding environmental factors. We aimed to confirm the influence of grape genotypes in the absence of those factors. Methods and Results We applied 1H NMR-PCA/PLS-DA and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to wines from five, variously genetically-related grapevine (V. vinifera) cultivars; all grown similarly on the same site and vinified similarly. We also compared the semi-quantitative profiles of the discriminant metabolites of each cultivar with previously reported chemical analyses. The cultivars were clearly distinguishable and there was a general correlation between their grouping and their genetic homology as revealed by recent genomic studies. Between cultivars, the relative amounts of several of the cultivar-related discriminant metabolites conformed closely with reported chemical analyses. Conclusions Differences in grape-derived metabolites associated with genetic differences alone are a major source of 1H NMR-based discrimination of wines and 1H NMR has the capacity to discriminate between very closely related cultivars. Significance of the Study The study confirms that genetic variation among grape cultivars alone can account for the discrimination of wine by 1H NMR-PCA/PLS and indicates that 1H NMR spectra of wine of single grape cultivars may in future be used in tandem with hierarchical cluster analysis to elucidate genetic lineages and metabolomic relations of grapevine cultivars. In the absence of genetic information, for example, where predecessor varieties are no longer extant, this may be a particularly useful approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yaqing Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- College of Tourism and Gastronomy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Wen
- College of Tourism and Gastronomy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Testing Center of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jim W. Hardie
- Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE, Epping, Victoria, Australia
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