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Liu XY, Wang WZ, Yao SP, Li XY, Han RM, Zhang D, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Zhang JP. Antioxidation Activity Enhancement by Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond and Non-Browning Mechanism of Active Ingredients in Rosemary: Carnosic Acid and Carnosol. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39073136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Rosemary is one of the most promising, versatile, and studied natural preservatives. Carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CARN), as the primary active ingredients of rosemary extracts, have little difference in structure, but their antioxidant activities vary significantly, depending on the system studied. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. By means of optical spectroscopies, stopped-flow, laser photolysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we have compared CA and CARN between their reaction dynamics of radical scavenging, metal ion chelation, and oxidation inhibition in lipid emulsion and beef, as well as between their interactions with β-carotene (β-Car). For reference, 3-isopropyl catechol (IC), which is structurally similar to the active groups of CA and CARN, was studied in parallel. It is found for CA that the intramolecular hydrogen bond can boost the acidity of its phenol hydroxyl and that the synergistic effect with β-Car can substantially enhance its antioxidation activity in the model systems of lipid and meat via the CA-to-β-Car electron transfer reaction. The substitution of A and B rings on the catechol group in both CA and CARN limits browning caused by their formation of oxidative products as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Song-Po Yao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xue-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Rui-Min Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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Shete V, Mahajan NM, Shivhare R, Akkewar A, Gupta A, Gurav S. Genistein: A promising phytoconstituent with reference to its bioactivities. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38831683 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Genistein, a potent phytoconstituent, has garnered significant attention for its diverse bioactivities, making it a subject of extensive research and exploration. This review delves into the multifaceted properties of genistein, encompassing its antioxidant and anticancer potential. Its ability to modulate various cellular pathways and interact with diverse molecular targets has positioned it as a promising candidate in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. This review provides a comprehensive examination of Genistein, covering its chemical properties, methods of isolation, synthesis, therapeutic attributes with regard to cancer management, and the proposed mechanisms of action as put forth by researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Shete
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh M Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ruchi Shivhare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish Akkewar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amisha Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailendra Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa, India
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Walencik PK, Choińska R, Gołębiewska E, Kalinowska M. Metal-Flavonoid Interactions-From Simple Complexes to Advanced Systems. Molecules 2024; 29:2573. [PMID: 38893449 PMCID: PMC11173564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
For many years, metal-flavonoid complexes have been widely studied as a part of drug discovery programs, but in the last decade their importance in materials science has increased significantly. A deeper understanding of the role of metal ions and flavonoids in constructing simple complexes and more advanced hybrid networks will facilitate the assembly of materials with tailored architecture and functionality. In this Review, we highlight the most essential data on metal-flavonoid systems, presenting a promising alternative in the design of hybrid inorganic-organic materials. We focus mainly on systems containing CuII/I and FeIII/II ions, which are necessary in natural and industrial catalysis. We discuss two kinds of interactions that typically ensure the formation of metal-flavonoid systems, namely coordination and redox reactions. Our intention is to cover the fundamentals of metal-flavonoid systems to show how this knowledge has been already transferred from small molecules to complex materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Katarzyna Walencik
- Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Renata Choińska
- Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Gołębiewska
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Monika Kalinowska
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
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Bhattacharya P, Mandal A. Identification of amentoflavone as a potent SARS-CoV-2 M pro inhibitor: a combination of computational studies and in vitro biological evaluation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38263736 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2304676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro that block the active site pocket of the viral main protease have been considered potential therapeutics for the development of drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we report the identification of amentoflavone (a biflavonoid) through docking-based virtual screening of a library comprised of 231 compounds consisting of flavonoids and isoflavonoids. The docking results were further substantiated through extensive analysis of the data obtained from all-atom 150 ns MD simulation. End-state effective free energy calculations using MM-PBSA calculations further suggested that (Ra)-amentoflavone (C3'-C8''-atropisomer) may show a greater binding affinity towards the Mpro than (Sa)-amentoflavone. In vitro cytotoxicity assay established that amentoflavone showed a high CC50 value indicating much lower toxicity. Further, potent inhibition of the Mpro by amentoflavone was established by studying the effect on HEK293T cells treated with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro expressing plasmid.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anirban Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, Mrinalini Datta Mahavidyapith, Kolkata, India
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Ma Z, Qin Y, Wang X, Zhang G, Zhang X, Jiang H, Tian Z. Identification of chemical compounds of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. and screening of neuraminidase inhibitors based on AUF-MS and SPR technology. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 237:115787. [PMID: 37844363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq., as a traditional Chinese medicine, has the effect of treating influenza. There have been few comprehensive studies on the holistic chemical composition of Schizonepeta tenuifolia and the active substances acting on neuraminidase (NA) to treat influenza. In present study, a synthetic identification method including GC-MS and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS combined with GNPS (Global Natural Product Social Molecular Network) technology was established and applied to identify the chemical constituents of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. A total of 134 compounds were identified, including 42 volatile components and 92 non-volatile components. The potential NA inhibitors of Schizonepeta tenuifolia were explored by an affinity ultrafiltration - mass spectrometry - surface plasmon resonance (AUF-MS-SPR) strategy. Eleven compounds were screened out by AUF-MS and their binding forces to NA were detected by SPR. Among them, 5 compounds with excellent binding ability were further tested the KD value. Meanwhile, the NA inhibitory activities of the 11 compounds were verified in vitro. In conclusion, a holistic material base was established to provide a reference for further development of Schizonepeta tenuifolia and an AUF-MS-SPR strategy based on binding ability was selected to screen substances of interest from complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ma
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yujing Qin
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Gaoning Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Department of Quality Management, Shandong Drug and Food Vocational College, Weihai 264210, China
| | - Haiqiang Jiang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
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Taniguchi M, LaRocca CA, Bernat JD, Lindsey JS. Digital Database of Absorption Spectra of Diverse Flavonoids Enables Structural Comparisons and Quantitative Evaluations. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1087-1119. [PMID: 36848595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids play diverse roles in plants, comprise a non-negligible fraction of net primary photosynthetic production, and impart beneficial effects in human health from a plant-based diet. Absorption spectroscopy is an essential tool for quantitation of flavonoids isolated from complex plant extracts. The absorption spectra of flavonoids typically consist of two major bands, band I (300-380 nm) and band II (240-295 nm), where the former engenders a yellow color; in some flavonoids the absorption tails to 400-450 nm. The absorption spectra of 177 flavonoids and analogues of natural or synthetic origin have been assembled, including molar absorption coefficients (109 from the literature, 68 measured here). The spectral data are in digital form and can be viewed and accessed at http://www.photochemcad.com. The database enables comparison of the absorption spectral features of 12 distinct types of flavonoids including flavan-3-ols (e.g., catechin, epigallocatechin), flavanones (e.g., hesperidin, naringin), 3-hydroxyflavanones (e.g., taxifolin, silybin), isoflavones (e.g., daidzein, genistein), flavones (e.g., diosmin, luteolin), and flavonols (e.g., fisetin, myricetin). The structural features that give rise to shifts in wavelength and intensity are delineated. The availability of digital absorption spectra for diverse flavonoids facilitates analysis and quantitation of these valuable plant secondary metabolites. Four examples are provided of calculations─multicomponent analysis, solar ultraviolet photoprotection, sun protection factor (SPF), and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)─for which the spectra and accompanying molar absorption coefficients are sine qua non.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Connor A LaRocca
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jake D Bernat
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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Ali A, Cottrell JJ, Dunshea FR. LC-MS/MS Characterization of Phenolic Metabolites and Their Antioxidant Activities from Australian Native Plants. Metabolites 2022; 12:1016. [PMID: 36355099 PMCID: PMC9698446 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are considered vital bioactive compounds beneficial for human health. The Australian flora is enriched with polyphenols which are not fully characterized yet. Thus, the main objective of this study was to identify and characterize the Australian native sandalwood nuts, wattle seeds, lemongrass, and old man saltbush for phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activities. In this study, we tentatively identified a total of 155 phenolic compounds including 25 phenolic acids, 55 flavonoids, 22 isoflavonoids, 22 tannins, 22 lignans, 33 stilbenes, 33 coumarins and derivatives, 12 tyrosols and derivatives, and 6 phenolic terpenes. The highest total phenolic content (TPC) (15.09 ± 0.88 mg GAE/g) was quantified in lemongrass, while the lowest TPC (4.17 ± 0.33 mg GAE/g) was measured in wattle seeds. The highest total flavonoid content (TFC) and total condensed tannins (TCT) were measured in lemongrass and wattle seeds, respectively. A total of 18 phenolic metabolites were quantified/semi-quantified in this experiment. Lemongrass contains a vast number of phenolic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jeremy J. Cottrell
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- The Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Thiogenistein-Antioxidant Chemistry, Antitumor Activity, and Structure Elucidation of New Oxidation Products. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147816. [PMID: 35887163 PMCID: PMC9315507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavonoids such as genistein (GE) are well known antioxidants. The predictive biological activity of structurally new compounds such as thiogenistein (TGE)–a new analogue of GE–becomes an interesting way to design new drug candidates with promising properties. Two oxidation strategies were used to characterize TGE oxidation products: the first in solution and the second on the 2D surface of the Au electrode as a self-assembling TGE monolayer. The structure elucidation of products generated by different oxidation strategies was performed. The electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used for identifying the product of electrochemical and hydrogen peroxide oxidation in the solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) with the ATR mode was used to identify a product after hydrogen peroxide treatment of TGE on the 2D surface. The density functional theory was used to support the experimental results for the estimation of antioxidant activity of TGE as well as for the molecular modeling of oxidation products. The biological studies were performed simultaneously to assess the suitability of TGE for antioxidant and antitumor properties. It was found that TGE was characterized by a high cytotoxic activity toward human breast cancer cells. The research was also carried out on mice macrophages, disclosing that TGE neutralized the production of the LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exhibits ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis-3-(ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging ability. In the presented study, we identified the main oxidation products of TGE generated under different environmental conditions. The electroactive centers of TGE were identified and its oxidation mechanisms were proposed. TGE redox properties can be related to its various pharmacological activities. Our new thiolated analogue of genistein neutralizes the LPS-induced ROS production better than GE. Additionally, TGE shows a high cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer cells. The viability of MCF-7 (estrogen-positive cells) drops two times after a 72-h incubation with 12.5 μM TGE (viability 53.86%) compared to genistein (viability 94.46%).
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Fan KK, Zhou YM, Wei Y, Han RM, Wang P, Skibsted LH, Zhang JP. Peroxyl radical induced membrane instability of giant unilamellar vesicles and anti-lipooxidation protection. Biophys Chem 2022; 285:106807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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Thermochemistry of antioxidant action of isoflavones and their deprotonated forms in aqueous solution: hydrogen or electron transfer? ACTA CHIMICA SLOVACA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/acs-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Isoflavones possessing several weak acidic hydroxyl groups can undergo successive deprotonations in aqueous solutions. Therefore, their antioxidant properties cannot be ascribed only to the neutral forms but also to corresponding phenoxide anions. It was already confirmed that isoflavones prefer the formation of dianions in aqueous solution. For eight isoflavones and their preferred (poly)deprotonated forms, thermochemistry of hydrogen atom transfer and electron abstraction was studied in terms of corresponding reaction enthalpies, i.e., O—H bond dissociation enthalpies and ionization potentials. Our results clearly indicate that the increase in negative charge causes significant drop in ionization potential and bond dissociation enthalpy. On the other hand, proton affinities show the opposite trend. Thus, it is unfeasible to find a generally valid trend for dianions — corresponding reaction enthalpies strongly depend on the structure of isoflavone, especially on the number/positions of OH groups.
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Biswas M, Das A, Basu S. Flavonoids: The Innocuous Agents Offering Protection Against Alzheimer's Disease Through Modulation Of Proinflammatory And Apoptotic Pathways. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:769-789. [PMID: 35352661 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220330011645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beginning from mild cognitive impairment in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia sets in with the progress of the disease. The pathological changes in the brain begin fifteen to twenty years before AD related dementia develops. Presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are considered the hallmarks of AD brain. Chronic inflammation resulting from the disruption of equilibrium between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory signalling emerges as another important feature of AD and also other neurodegenerative diseases. Substantial studies demonstrate that this sustained immune response in the brain is associated with neuronal loss, along with facilitation and aggravation of Aβ and NFT pathologies. Although it is well accepted that neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have both detrimental and beneficial influences on the brain tissues, the involvement of microglia and astrocytes in the onset and progress of the neurodegenerative process in AD is becoming increasingly recognized. The cause of neuronal loss, although, is known to be apoptosis, the mechanism of promotion of neuronal death remains undisclosed. OBJECTIVE Controlling the activation of the resident immune cells and/or the excessive production of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant factors could be effective as therapeutics. Among the phytonutrients, the neuroprotective role of flavonoids is beyond doubt. This review is an exploration of literature on the role of flavonoids in these aspects. CONCLUSION Flavonoids are not only effective in ameliorating the adverse consequences of oxidative stress but also impede the development of late onset Alzheimer's disease by modulating affected signalling pathways and boosting signalling crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 7000019, West Bengal, India
| | - Aritrajoy Das
- Department of Microbiology, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 7000019, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumalee Basu
- Department of Microbiology, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 7000019, West Bengal, India
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Chitisankul W, Shimada K, Tsukamoto C. Antioxidative Capacity of Soyfoods and Soy Active Compounds. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/146562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Wang F, Zhao X, Su X, Song D, Zou F, Fang L. Isorhamnetin, the xanthine oxidase inhibitor from Sophora japonica, ameliorates uric acid levels and renal function in hyperuricemic mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:12503-12512. [PMID: 34806108 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02719k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a metabolic condition closely linked to xanthine oxidase (XOD) function, which is involved in the production of uric acid (UA). In this study, XOD was used as a target to construct an in vitro and in vivo activity screening and verification system. The XOD inhibition ability of the main components from the water extract of Sophorae Flos (WSF), an unopened dry flower bud of Sophora japonica, was screened by HPLC. Isorhamnetin (IRh) was identified as a major flavonoid XOD inhibitor from WSF, and we characterized its effects and potential mechanism in ameliorating UA levels and renal function in hyperuricemia model mice. Hyperuricemia was induced by oral administration of potassium oxonate (PO) and hypoxanthine to mice for 7 days. The biochemical index results showed that treatments with low, medium, and high doses of IRh (50, 100, and 150 mg kg-1) significantly reduced serum UA levels and inhibited XOD activity in serum and in the liver. Additionally, IRh effectively decreased the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, suggesting that it possessed nephroprotective effects in hyperuricemic mice. Furthermore, histopathological results showed that nuclear lesions and renal tubule dilatation in the kidneys of IRh-treated hyperuricemic mice were reduced, suggesting that IRh may alleviate renal injury. Molecular docking results showed that IRh combined well with XOD and is an effective XOD inhibitor. In conclusion, IRh from Sophora japonica may reduce the UA levels and alleviate renal injury by inhibiting XOD activity. It potentially functions as a therapeutic drug and dietary supplement to treat hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xin Su
- School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Danni Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fengmao Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lina Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China.
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15
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Sajid M, Stone SR, Kaur P. Recent Advances in Heterologous Synthesis Paving Way for Future Green-Modular Bioindustries: A Review With Special Reference to Isoflavonoids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:673270. [PMID: 34277582 PMCID: PMC8282456 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.673270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavonoids are well-known plant secondary metabolites that have gained importance in recent time due to their multiple nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. In plants, isoflavonoids play a role in plant defense and can confer the host plant a competitive advantage to survive and flourish under environmental challenges. In animals, isoflavonoids have been found to interact with multiple signaling pathways and have demonstrated estrogenic, antioxidant and anti-oncologic activities in vivo. The activity of isoflavonoids in the estrogen pathways is such that the class has also been collectively called phytoestrogens. Over 2,400 isoflavonoids, predominantly from legumes, have been identified so far. The biosynthetic pathways of several key isoflavonoids have been established, and the genes and regulatory components involved in the biosynthesis have been characterized. The biosynthesis and accumulation of isoflavonoids in plants are regulated by multiple complex environmental and genetic factors and interactions. Due to this complexity of secondary metabolism regulation, the export and engineering of isoflavonoid biosynthetic pathways into non-endogenous plants are difficult, and instead, the microorganisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli have been adapted and engineered for heterologous isoflavonoid synthesis. However, the current ex-planta production approaches have been limited due to slow enzyme kinetics and traditionally laborious genetic engineering methods and require further optimization and development to address the required titers, reaction rates and yield for commercial application. With recent progress in metabolic engineering and the availability of advanced synthetic biology tools, it is envisaged that highly efficient heterologous hosts will soon be engineered to fulfill the growing market demand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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16
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Wu M, Yi D, Zhang Q, Wu T, Yu K, Peng M, Wang L, Zhao D, Hou Y, Wu G. Puerarin enhances intestinal function in piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6552. [PMID: 33753826 PMCID: PMC7985190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin has been reported to be an excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent, but the potential effect of puerarin on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether puerarin could alleviate intestinal injury in piglets infected with PEDV. A PEDV (Yunnan province strain) infection model was applied to 7-day-old piglets at 104.5 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose). Piglets were orally administered with puerarin at the dosage of 0.5 mg/kg body weight from day 5 to day 9. On day 9 of the trial, piglets were inoculated orally with PEDV. Three days later, jugular vein blood and intestinal samples were collected. Results showed puerarin reduced morbidity of piglets infected with PEDV. In addition, puerarin reduced the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, the ratio of serum aspartate aminotransferase to serum alanine aminotransferase, the number of white blood cells and neutrophils, and the plasma concentrations of interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as protein abundances of heat shock protein-70 in PEDV-infected piglets. Moreover, puerarin increased D-xylose concentration but decreased intestinal fatty acid-binding protein concentration and diamine oxidase activity in the plasma of piglets infected with PEDV. Puerarin increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, while decreasing the activities of myeloperoxidase and concentration of hydrogen peroxide in both the intestine and plasma of PEDV-infected piglets. Puerarin decreased mRNA levels of glutathione S-transferase omega 2 but increased the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Furthermore, puerarin increased the abundance of total eubacteria (16S rRNA), Enterococcus genus, Lactobacillus genus and Enterobacteriaceae family in the intestine, but reduced the abundance of Clostridium coccoides in the caecum. These data indicate puerarin improved intestinal function in piglets infected by PEDV and may be a promising supplement for the prevention of PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Dan Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Kui Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Meng Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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17
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Gamma radiation induced changes in antioxidant and radioprotective activities of flavonoids differing mainly with respect to –OH substitution pattern in B and C rings. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Quinolone and isoquinolone alkaloids: the structural-electronic effects and the antioxidant mechanisms. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Chiorcea-Paquim AM, Enache TA, De Souza Gil E, Oliveira-Brett AM. Natural phenolic antioxidants electrochemistry: Towards a new food science methodology. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1680-1726. [PMID: 33337087 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural phenolic compounds are abundant in the vegetable kingdom, occurring mainly as secondary metabolites in a wide variety of chemical structures. Around 10,000 different plant phenolic derivatives have been isolated and identified. This review provides an exhaustive overview concerning the electron transfer reactions in natural polyphenols, from the point of view of their in vitro antioxidant and/or pro-oxidant mode of action, as well as their identification in highly complex matrixes, for example, fruits, vegetables, wine, food supplements, relevant for food quality control, nutrition, and health research. The accurate assessment of polyphenols' redox behavior is essential, and the application of the electrochemical methods in routine quality control of natural products and foods, where the polyphenols antioxidant activity needs to be quantified in vitro, is of the utmost importance. The phenol moiety oxidation pathways and the effect of substituents and experimental conditions on their electrochemical behavior will be reviewed. The fundamental principles concerning the redox behavior of natural polyphenols, specifically flavonoids and other benzopyran derivatives, phenolic acids and ester derivatives, quinones, lignins, tannins, lignans, essential oils, stilbenes, curcuminoids, and chalcones, will be described. The final sections will focus on the electroanalysis of phenolic antioxidants in natural products and the electroanalytical evaluation of in vitro total antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teodor Adrian Enache
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Eric De Souza Gil
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-535, Portugal.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
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20
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Liu L, Li H, Li F, Liu Z, Yang X, Yu X, Kong A. The effect of soy isoflavone combined with calcium on bone mineral density in perimenopausal Chinese women: a 6-month randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:473-481. [PMID: 31583921 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1673703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial and aimed to compare the effect of placebo, soy isoflavone, calcium and soy isoflavone combined with calcium on bone mineral density (BMD). One hundred and sixty perimenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia were enrolled and randomised into four groups: control, soy isoflavone, calcium and soy isoflavone combined with calcium groups. After intervention, compared with control, isoflavone and calcium groups, mean changes from their corresponding baseline values of BMD, calcium/phosphorus, vitamin D and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-pX) activity were significantly increased, however, those of phosphorus, osteocalcin, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were significantly decreased in isoflavone combined with calcium group. The results showed that soy isoflavone, calcium and isoflavone combined with calcium therapy were effective and safe on attenuating BMD loss in perimenopausal women and isoflavone combined with calcium therapy was better than soy isoflavone and calcium alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yinghua Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huizi Li
- Department of Nutrition, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Nutrition, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xueyan Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Aijing Kong
- Department of Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
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21
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A new cerebroside from the entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps longiissima: Structural-electronic and antioxidant relations. Experimental and DFT calculated studies. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Xu Y, Yang J, Lu Y, Qian LL, Yang ZY, Han RM, Zhang JP, Skibsted LH. Copper(II) Coordination and Translocation in Luteolin and Effect on Radical Scavenging. J Phys Chem B 2019; 124:380-388. [PMID: 31845805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin differs as a radical scavenger dramatically from apigenin in response to Cu(II) coordination despite a minor structural difference. Coordination of Cu(II) increases the radical scavenging efficiency of luteolin, especially at low pH, while decreases the efficiency of apigenin at both low and higher pH as studied by ABTS•+ radical scavenging. Luteolin forms a 1:1 complex with Cu(II) binding to 4-carbonyl and 5-phenol for pH <6 and to 3',4'-catechol for pH >6. Apigenin forms a 1:2 complex independent of pH coordinated to 4-carbonyl and 5-hydroxylyl. Cu(II) coordinated to luteolin, as studied by pH jump stopped-flow, translocates with rate constants of 11.1 ± 0.3 s-1 from 4,5 to 3',4' sites and 1.0 ± 0.1 s-1 from 3',4' to 4,5 sites independent of Cu(II) concentration, pointing toward the dissociation of Cu(II) from an intermediate with two Cu(II) coordination as rate determining. 3',4'-Catechol is suggested to be a switch for Cu(II) translocation with deprotonation initiating 4,5 to 3',4' translocation and protonation initiating 3',4' to 4,5 translocation. For dicoordinated apigenin, the coordination symmetry balances an electron withdrawal effect of Cu(II) resulting in a decrease of phenol acidity and less radical scavenging efficiency compared to parent apigenin. Compared to that of parent luteolin, the radical scavenging rate of both 4,5 and 3',4' Cu(II)-coordinated luteolin is enhanced through increased phenol acidity by electron withdrawal by Cu(II), as confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Coordination and translocation of Cu(II) accordingly increases the antioxidant activity of luteolin at pH approaching the physiological level and is discovered as a novel class of natural molecular machinery derived from plant polyphenols, which seems to be of importance for protection against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Ling-Ling Qian
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Zhi-Yin Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Rui-Min Han
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Leif H Skibsted
- Department of Food Science , University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 30 , DK-1958 Frederiksberg , Denmark
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Smeriglio A, Calderaro A, Denaro M, Laganà G, Bellocco E. Effects of Isolated Isoflavones Intake on Health. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5094-5107. [PMID: 28990503 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171006143047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflavones are naturally occurring flavonoids, commonly found in the food consumed for centuries in the East-Asian population, characterized by a structure able to exert nonsteroidal estrogen-like activity on human cells. They have attracted researcher interest all around the word, following the results obtained in epidemiological and clinical studies. The involvement of isoflavones and their metabolites in various biological processes suggests that they can influence several metabolic pathways and can influence the gene expression at epigenetic level, involving effects that probably are due to early life exposure. They show positive health effects on several diseases, especially in the prevention of coronary heart and neurological diseases, hormone-related cancers, osteoporosis, and postmenopausal symptoms. METHODS We have performed a critical evaluation of available literature trough a structured search of bibliographic databases about isoflavones health promoting properties, risk assessment and mechanisms of action. In addition, we supplied useful information on their biochemical properties, sources and bioavailability. RESULTS Although these molecules have been the subjects of numerous researches, their role for the wellness of the human organism remains controversial. Moreover, there are substantial inconsistencies between the results obtained by epidemiologic studies conducted on Eastern population, which found high health promoting properties, and Western clinical trials, which found much less positive effects. CONCLUSION Further epidemiologic studies and well-designed prospective human studies are to determine the beneficial effects of isoflavones exposure, as well as establishing its safe therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Calderaro
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Laganà
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
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24
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Radical Scavenging Activity of Puerarin: A Theoretical Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120590. [PMID: 31779233 PMCID: PMC6943502 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin is a C-glycoside of daidzein, one of the major bioactive ingredients isolated from the root of Pueraria lobata, which has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects. Although puerarin is well-known for its effective antioxidant activity, there is seldom a systematic theoretical study on its radical scavenging activity. Herein, the free radical scavenging ability of puerarin was investigated systematically by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The reaction activity was compared with daidzein as well. Three reaction pathways: hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT), and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) were discussed and compared by thermodynamic parameters such as bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), ionization potential (IP), proton dissociation enthalpy (PDE), proton affinity (PA), and electron transfer enthalpy (ETE). The reaction kinetics of puerarin with special radicals •OH and •OOH were also studied. The results obtained may be of great significance for better understanding the relationship between the antioxidant properties and structural design of puerarin, as well as other antioxidants.
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25
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Son NT, Mai Thanh DT, Van Trang N. Flavone norartocarpetin and isoflavone 2′-hydroxygenistein: A spectroscopic study for structure, electronic property and antioxidant potential using DFT (Density functional theory). J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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NMR studies of daidzein and puerarin: active anti-oxidants in traditional Chinese medicine. J Mol Model 2019; 25:202. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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Isoflavones and Isoflavone Glycosides: Structural-Electronic Properties and Antioxidant Relations—A Case of DFT Study. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4360175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavonoids and isoflavonoid glycosides have drawn much attention because of their antioxidant radical-scavenging capacity. Based on computational methods, we now present the antioxidant potential results of genistein (1), biochanin A (2), ambocin (3), and tectorigenin 7-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (4). The optimized structures of the neutral and radical forms have been determined by the DFT-B3LYP method with the 6-311G(d) basis set. From the findings and thermodynamic point of view, the ring B system of isoflavones is considered as an active center in facilitating antioxidant reactions. Antioxidant activities are mostly driven by O-H bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) following hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism. Antioxidant ability can be arranged in the following order: compounds (4) > (3) > (2) > (1). Of comprehensive structural analysis, flavonoids with 4′-methylation and 6-methoxylation, especially 7-glycosylation would claim responsibility for antioxidant enhancement.
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28
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Wang C, Xie Y, Wang H, Bai Y, Dai C, Li C, Xu X, Zhou G. The influence of natural antioxidants on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation in charcoal-grilled chicken wings. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Bakhtiari A, Hajian-Tilaki K, Omidvar S, Nasiri-Amiri F. Clinical and metabolic response to soy administration in older women with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:47. [PMID: 31249633 PMCID: PMC6584999 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many studies on the health effects of soy, only a few describe the effects of the simultaneous use of two types of soy on multiple components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The present study was designed to determine the effects of roasted soy-nut and textured soy protein (TSP) intake on clinical and metabolic status of older women with MetS borderline parameters. METHOD This randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial included 75 women ≥ 60 years old with a diagnosis of MetS based on ATP III criteria. The participants were randomly allocated into three groups of 25 people; soy-nut, TSP and control groups for 12 week. Fasting blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of the trial to compare the metabolic responses. All participants provided three dietary records and physical activity records during the intervention. We used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, ANOVA, ANCOVA, paired-t test, and the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) repeated measures analysis. RESULTS Dietary intake and physical activity of the participants in two groups were not significantly different. After 12 weeks of intervention the participants who received soy-nut had a significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.001), low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B100, fasting blood glucose, insulin (p < 0.05), HOMA-IR, malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.01) level. Morever, a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (p < 0.01) level compared with the control group. At the same time, the TSP brought significant decrease only in TC, insulin, MDA (p < 0.05) level and a significant increase in total TAC (p < 0.05) level. We did not find any significant effect in intervention groups, on apolipoprotein AI, triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), TG/HDL, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels after intervention. CONCLUSION Short-term intakes of roasted soy-nut and TSP have shown to improve the lipid profiles, markers of glucose intolerance and oxidative stress; although the roasted soy-nut was more effective than TSP. Therefore, a moderate daily intake of roasted soy-nut as snacks or TSP as a meal complement by individuals with borderline parameters of MetS can be a safe and a practical modality to avoid the progression of the disease as well as to limit the side effects of drug intake.Trial registration MUBABOL.REC.1388.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Bakhtiari
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Shabnam Omidvar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nasiri-Amiri
- Infertility and Health Reproductive Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Sagandykova GN, Pomastowski PP, Kaliszan R, Buszewski B. Modern analytical methods for consideration of natural biological activity. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Wong TY, Tsai MS, Hsu LC, Lin SW, Liang PH. Traversal of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Cleavable l-Lysine Conjugates of Apigenin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8124-8131. [PMID: 29923397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin, a flavone abundant in parsley and celery, is known to act on several CNS receptors, but its very poor water solubility (<0.001 mg/mL) impedes its absorption in vivo and prevents clinical use. Herein, apigenin was directly conjugated with glycine, l-phenylalanine, and l-lysine to give the corresponding carbamate derivatives, all of which were much more soluble than apigenin itself (0.017, 0.018, and 0.13 mg/mL, respectively). The Lys-apigenin carbamate 10 had a temporary sedative effect on the mice within 5 min of intraperitoneal administration (single dose of 0.4 mg/g) and could be detected in the mice brain tissues at a concentration of 0.82 μg/g of intact Lys-apigenin carbamate 10 and 0.42 ug/g of apigenin at 1.5 h. This study accomplished the delivery of apigenin across the BBB in a manner that might be applicable to other congeners, which should inform the future development of BBB-crossing flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yun Wong
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shian Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology , National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Lih-Ching Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wha Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology , National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
- The Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei 128 , Taiwan
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Mallepu R, Potlapally L, Gollapalli VL. Photo-oxidation of some flavonoids with photochemically generated t-BuO •radicals in a t-BuOH water system using a kinetic approach. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Mallepu
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science; Osmania University; Hyderabad India
| | - Laxmi Potlapally
- Department of Pharmacy, University College of Technology; Osmania University; Hyderabad India
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Sohn EJ, Kim JM, Kang SH, Kwon J, An HJ, Sung JS, Cho KA, Jang IS, Choi JS. Restoring Effects of Natural Anti-Oxidant Quercetin on Cellular Senescent Human Dermal Fibroblasts. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:853-873. [PMID: 29737207 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative damage initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major contributor to the functional decline and disability that characterizes aging. The anti-oxidant flavonoid, quercetin, is a plant polyphenol that may be beneficial for retarding the aging process. We examined the restoring properties of quercetin on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Quercetin directly reduced either intracellular or extracellular ROS levels in aged HDFs. To find the aging-related target genes by quercetin, microarray analysis was performed and two up-regulated genes LPL and KCNE2 were identified. Silencing LPL increased the expression levels of senescence proteins such as p16INK4A and p53 and silencing KCNE2 reversed gene expressions of EGR1 and p-ERK in quercetin-treated aged HDFs. Silencing of LPL and KCNE2 decreased the expression levels of anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Also, the mitochondrial dysfunction in aged HDFs was ameliorated by quercetin treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that quercetin has restoring effect on the cellular senescence by down-regulation of senescence activities and up-regulation of the gene expressions of anti-oxidant enzymes in aged HDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Sohn
- * Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.,† Biological Disaster Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- ‡ Genoplan Korea, Inc. and NAR Center, Inc., Seoul 06221, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hui Kang
- † Biological Disaster Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Kwon
- † Biological Disaster Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- * Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- § Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung A Cho
- ¶ Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Medical School, Gwangju 61469 Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- † Biological Disaster Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- * Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.,† Biological Disaster Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
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Yuan-Jing F, Wei W, Jian-Ping L, Yu-Xia J, Zi-Ling D. Genistein promotes the metabolic transformation of acetaminophen to glucuronic acid in human L-O2, HepG2 and Hep3b cells via the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. Food Funct 2018; 7:4683-4692. [PMID: 27781231 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00889e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of genistein on regulating the activation of UGTs via the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of detoxification and hepatic protection. Experiments monitoring genistein-induced protection against acetaminophen-induced cell damage were performed in L-02, HepG2 and Hep3b cells. The results of the MTT, AST, ALT, LDH, GSH and GSSG assays showed that genistein evidently protected the cells from acetaminophen-induced injury in a dose-dependent manner. The control cells were treated with 10 mM acetaminophen without genistein to compare with the effects of the combination of acetaminophen and genistein on the expression of UGT1A1, 1A6 and 1A9, Nrf2 and Keap1 mRNAs, as well as the expression of Nrf2 and Keap1 proteins, which were tested by western blotting. The results showed that the expression of the Nrf2 mRNA and protein increased; in contrast, the expression levels of the Keap1 mRNA and protein were obviously reduced by genistein in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the expression of the UGT mRNA was increased, and UGT1A9 exhibited the highest expression among the three UGTs. Accordingly, the residual acetaminophen content was obviously reduced and acetaminophen glucuronidation increased after 24 hours of treatment with genistein in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yuan-Jing
- School of Food science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Food science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Luo Jian-Ping
- School of Food science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Jin Yu-Xia
- School of Food science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Dai Zi-Ling
- School of Food science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Xiao Y, Zhang S, Tong H, Shi S. Comprehensive evaluation of the role of soy and isoflavone supplementation in humans and animals over the past two decades. Phytother Res 2017; 32:384-394. [PMID: 29193539 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Soy and soy-based foods are considered healthy, particularly in many Asia-Pacific countries, where soy products have long been consumed. Soy and soy-related products have been found to help prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer, such as breast and prostate cancer. These products can also have antioxidative effects that alleviate hot flashes during menopause and bone loss. These biological and therapeutic functions are primarily due to the isoflavones derived from soy, whose structure is similar to the structure of 17-β-oestradiol. Despite the many health benefits for humans and animals, the application of isoflavones remains controversial because of their anti-oestrogenic properties. We focused on general information regarding isoflavones, as well as their structure, function, and application. We summarized evidence showing that dietary or supplemental isoflavones exert protective effects on the health of humans and animals. Based on the literature, we conclude that soy foods and isoflavones may be effective and safe; however, more high-quality trials are needed to fully substantiate their potential use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Xiao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibing Tong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shourong Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
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Genistein Binding to Copper(II)-Solvent Dependence and Effects on Radical Scavenging. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101757. [PMID: 29057848 PMCID: PMC6151749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein, but not daidzein, binds to copper(II) with a 1:2 stoichiometry in ethanol and with a 1:1 stoichiometry in methanol, indicating chelation by the 5-phenol and the 4-keto group of the isoflavonoid as demonstrated by the Jobs method and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. In ethanol, the stability constants had the value 1.12 × 1011 L²∙mol-2 for the 1:2 complex and in methanol 6.0 × 10⁵ L∙mol-1 for the 1:1 complex at 25 °C. Binding was not detected in water, as confirmed by an upper limit for the 1:1 stability constant of K = 5 mol-1 L as calculated from the difference in solvation free energy of copper(II) between methanol and the more polar water. Solvent molecules compete with genistein as demonstrated in methanol where binding stoichiometry changes from 1:2 to 1:1 compared to ethanol and methanol/chloroform (7/3, v/v). Genistein binding to copper(II) increases the scavenging rate of the stable, neutral 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical by more than a factor of four, while only small effects were seen for the short-lived but more oxidizing β-carotene radical cation using laser flash photolysis. The increased efficiency of coordinated genistein is concluded to depend on kinetic rather than on thermodynamic factors, as confirmed by the small change in reduction potential of -0.016 V detected by cyclic voltammetry upon binding of genistein to copper(II) in methanol/chloroform solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondulla T. Toomer
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Tanaka T, Moriyama T, Kawamura Y, Yamanouchi D. Puerarin Suppresses Macrophage Activation via Antioxidant Mechanisms in a CaPO 4-Induced Mouse Model of Aneurysm. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2017; 62:425-431. [PMID: 28202848 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.62.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysm is characterized by balloon-like expansion of the arterial wall and eventual rupture of the aorta. The pathogenesis of aneurysm is associated with the degradation of matrix proteins by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by activated macrophages. Although aneurysm is associated with significant mortality and morbidity, surgical intervention is the only proven treatment strategy. Therefore, development of therapeutic agents for aneurysm is greatly anticipated. Here, we demonstrated the protective effects of the major isoflavone puerarin, which is found in kudzu roots and vines. Aneurysms were surgically induced in ten-wk-old male mice using CaPO4. Subsequently, animals were intraperitoneally injected daily with puerarin at 2.5 mg/kg body weight or with vehicle alone for 2 wk. CaPO4-induced aneurysm was significantly suppressed by puerarin administration. In subsequent macrophage activation assays using Tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and CaPO4 crystals in vitro, puerarin decreased Mmp9 mRNA expression and secreted protein levels. Moreover, induction of IκB, ERK, and p38 phosphorylation by TNFα and CaPO4 in macrophages was suppressed by puerarin treatments. Finally, puerarin attenuated reactive oxygen species production, following induction by TNFα and CaPO4. Taken together, the present data demonstrate that puerarin suppresses macrophage activation by inhibiting IκB, ERK, and p38 activity and reactive oxygen species production in a CaPO4-induced mouse model of aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyoshi Tanaka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
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Zhang X, Yin J, Liang C, Sun Y, Zhang L. A simple and sensitive UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method for sophoricoside metabolism study in vitro and in vivo. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:193-208. [PMID: 28750233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sophoricoside (SOPH) is an isoflavone glycoside isolated from Fructus Sophorae, and it has the effects on reproductive system. Currently, a strategy was firstly developed to identify the metabolites of SOPH in vitro and in vivo using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). Based on the proposed method, 60 metabolites were structurally characterized in vivo including 22 phase I and 38 phase II metabolites, and 4 metabolites in vitro were detected containing 2 phase I and 2 phase II metabolites. The results indicated that the metabolic pathways mainly included oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, methylation, sulfate, glucuronide, glutamine and glycine conjugation. These results will provide basic data for future pharmacological and toxicology studies of SOPH and other isoflavone glycoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Jintuo Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Caijuan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
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Hofer M, Hoferová Z, Falk M. Pharmacological Modulation of Radiation Damage. Does It Exist a Chance for Other Substances than Hematopoietic Growth Factors and Cytokines? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1385. [PMID: 28657605 PMCID: PMC5535878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent times, cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors have been at the center of attention for many researchers trying to establish pharmacological therapeutic procedures for the treatment of radiation accident victims. Two granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-based radiation countermeasures have been approved for the treatment of the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome. However, at the same time, many different substances with varying effects have been tested in animal studies as potential radioprotectors and mitigators of radiation damage. A wide spectrum of these substances has been studied, comprising various immunomodulators, prostaglandins, inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, agonists of adenosine cell receptors, herbal extracts, flavonoids, vitamins, and others. These agents are often effective, relatively non-toxic, and cheap. This review summarizes the results of animal experiments, which show the potential for some of these untraditional or new radiation countermeasures to become a part of therapeutic procedures applicable in patients with the acute radiation syndrome. The authors consider β-glucan, 5-AED (5-androstenediol), meloxicam, γ-tocotrienol, genistein, IB-MECA (N⁶-(3-iodobezyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide), Ex-RAD (4-carboxystyryl-4-chlorobenzylsulfone), and entolimod the most promising agents, with regards to their contingent use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hofer
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Hoferová
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Falk
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Lagoa R, Samhan-Arias AK, Gutierrez-Merino C. Correlation between the potency of flavonoids for cytochrome c reduction and inhibition of cardiolipin-induced peroxidase activity. Biofactors 2017; 43:451-468. [PMID: 28317253 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There are large differences between flavonoids to protect against apoptosis, a process in which cytochrome c (Cyt c) plays a key role. In this work, we show that 7 of 13 flavonoids studied have a capacity to reduce Cyt c similar or higher than ascorbate, the flavonols quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin, flavanol epigallocatechin-gallate, anthocyanidins cyanidin and malvidin, and the flavone luteolin. In contrast, the kaempferol 3(O)- and 3,4'(O)-methylated forms, the flavanone naringenin, and also apigenin and chrysin, had a negligible reducing capacity. Equilibrium dialysis and quenching of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene fluorescence experiments showed that flavonoids did not interfere with Cyt c binding to cardiolipin (CL)/phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles. However, the CL-induced loss of Cyt c Soret band intensity was largely attenuated by flavonoids, pointing out a stabilizing action against Cyt c unfolding in the complex. Moreover, flavonoids that behave as Cyt c reductants also inhibited the pro-apoptotic CL-induced peroxidase activity of Cyt c, indicating that modulation of Cyt c signaling are probable mechanisms behind the protective biological activities of flavonoids. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(3):451-468, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lagoa
- ESTG, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Leiria, 2411-901, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - Alejandro K Samhan-Arias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - Carlos Gutierrez-Merino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
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Cao Z, Wu Q, Cheng J, Zhu D, Teng W, Liu W, Sun X, Yao G. Synthesis of Water-Soluble 7-O-Carboxymethyl-Genistein. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3184/174751917x14878812592814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A three-step synthesis from genistein of the water-soluble sodium salt of 7-O-carboxymethyl-genistein is described. Base-catalysed reaction of genistein with t-butyl bromoacetate gave 7-O-(carbo-t-butoxy)methyl-genistein, which was hydrolysed by aqueous acetic acid to 7-O-carboxymethyl-genistein and neutralised (NaHCO3) to give the target compound. The carboxylate group enhanced the water-solubility of genistein more than a thousand-fold and the new derivate will be useful as a candidate compound in pharmacological and clinical chemistry studies of isoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, P.R. China
| | - Wengqi Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Yao
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
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A comparative overview of antioxidative properties and phenolic profiles of different fungal origins: fruiting bodies and submerged cultures of Coprinus comatus and Coprinellus truncorum. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:430-438. [PMID: 28242942 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive properties of fungi considerably differ between the fruiting body (FB) and the submerged culture as regards mycelia (M) and the fermentation broth (F). Antioxidant properties of hot-water extracts obtained from three different fungal origins: FB, M and F of two autochthonous fungal species (Northern Serbia), Coprinus comatus and Coprinellus truncorum were investigated. Free radical scavenging capacity (RSC) was evaluated in vitro by the DPPH assay and reducing power ability (FRAP assay). Considering possible bioactive properties of different compounds present in fungal extracts, the content of total proteins (TP), phenols (TC) and flavonoids (TF) were investigated colorimetrically. The chemical characterisation of the examined extracts was evaluated using the HPLC-MS/MS method. C. comatus showed the strongest RSC activity; more precisely, fermentation broth extract (FCc) on DPPH radicals (IC50 = 5.06 μg mL-1) and fruiting body extract (FBCc) for the FRAP assay (42.86 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE)/g). Submerged M extract of both species showed the highest TC (MCc 81.95 mg gallic acid eq (GAE)/g d.w.; MCt 81.64 mg GAE/g d.w.), while FB extracts contained the highest content of TP. Comparing LC-MS phenolic profiles between species-interspecifically and among different fungal origins-intraspecifically (fruiting bodies and submerged cultures), high variations were noticed. In submerged M or F extracts of C. comatus, vanillic, gallic, gentisic and cinnamic acids were detected, as opposed to FB. Considering that diverse phenolic profiles of detected antioxidant compounds were obtained by submerged cultivation, this type of cultivation is promising for the production of antioxidant substances.
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Sang Y, Zhang F, Wang H, Yao J, Chen R, Zhou Z, Yang K, Xie Y, Wan T, Ding H. Apigenin exhibits protective effects in a mouse model of d-galactose-induced aging via activating the Nrf2 pathway. Food Funct 2017; 8:2331-2340. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00037e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to study the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of apigenin on d-galactose-induced aging mice.
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Binary combinations of natural phenolic compounds with gallic acid or with its alkyl esters: an approach to understand the antioxidant interactions. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chobot V, Hadacek F, Bachmann G, Weckwerth W, Kubicova L. Pro- and Antioxidant Activity of Three Selected Flavan Type Flavonoids: Catechin, Eriodictyol and Taxifolin. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121986. [PMID: 27898046 PMCID: PMC5187786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavanol (±)-catechin shows an OH group but no 4-keto group on ring C (C3), and no conjugation between ring A and B. The related flavanone (+)-eriodictyol has a keto group on C4 but no 3-OH group on ring C. (+)-Taxifolin, another flavanone, has an OH on C3 and a keto group on C4 of the C ring. Deoxyribose degradation assay systems, with hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid either added or omitted, were performed in variants in which Fe(III) was added in a complex with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). In combination with differential pulse voltammetry (DVP), the specific redox-chemical contributions of the ring A m-dihydroxyl groups could be explored more specifically in addition to those of the traditionally investigated o-dihydroxyl groups of ring B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Chobot
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Franz Hadacek
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Gert Bachmann
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lenka Kubicova
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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He X, Bai Y, Zhao Z, Wang X, Fang J, Huang L, Zeng M, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zheng X. Local and traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Sophora japonica L.: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 187:160-182. [PMID: 27085938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sophora japonica (Fabaceae), also known as Huai (Chinese: ), is a medium-sized deciduous tree commonly found in China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and other countries. The use of this plant has been recorded in classical medicinal treatises of ancient China, and it is currently recorded in both the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and European Pharmacopoeia. The flower buds and fruits of S. japonica, also known as Flos Sophorae Immaturus and Fructus Sophorae in China, are most commonly used in Asia (especially in China) to treat hemorrhoids, hematochezia, hematuria, hematemesis, hemorrhinia, uterine or intestinal hemorrhage, arteriosclerosis, headache, hypertension, dysentery, dizziness, and pyoderma. To discuss feasible trends for further research on S. japonica, this review highlights the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicology of S. japonica based on studies published in the last six decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on the S. japonica was collected from major scientific databases (SciFinder, PubMed, Elsevier, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Medline Plus, China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI), and "Da Yi Yi Xue Sou Suo (http://www.dayi100.com/login.jsp)" for publications between 1957 and 2015 on S. japonica. Information was also obtained from local classic herbal literature, government reports, conference papers, as well as PhD and MSc dissertations. RESULTS Approximately 153 chemical compounds, including flavonoids, isoflavonoids, triterpenes, alkaloids, polysaccharides, amino acids, and other compounds, have been isolated from the leaves, branches, flowers, buds, pericarps, and/or fruits of S. japonica. Among these compounds, several flavonoids and isoflavonoids comprise the active constituents of S. japonica, which exhibit a wide range of biological activities in vitro and in vivo such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-osteoporotic, antioxidant, radical scavenging, antihyperglycemic, antiobesity, antitumor, and hemostatic effects. Furthermore, flavonoids and isoflavonoids can be used as quality control markers for quality identification and evaluation of medicinal materials and their preparations. Information on evaluating the safety of S. japonica is very limited, so further study is required. To enable safer, more effective, and controllable therapeutic preparations, more in-depth information is urgently needed on the quality control, toxicology data, and clinical value of crude extract and active compounds of S. japonica. CONCLUSIONS S. japonica has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) due to its wide range of biological activities, and is administered orally. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of S. japonica have increased in the past few years, and the extract and active components of this plant can be used to develop new drugs based on their traditional application as well as their biological activities. Therefore, this review on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicity of S. japonica offers promising data for further studies as well as the commercial exploitation of this traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui He
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Yajun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Zefeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Jiacheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Linhong Huang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
| | - Min Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
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Umeno A, Horie M, Murotomi K, Nakajima Y, Yoshida Y. Antioxidative and Antidiabetic Effects of Natural Polyphenols and Isoflavones. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060708. [PMID: 27248987 PMCID: PMC6274112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many polyphenols that contain more than two phenolic hydroxyl groups are natural antioxidants and can provide health benefits to humans. These polyphenols include, for example, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, catechin, chlorogenic acids, hesperidin, nobiletin, and isoflavones. These have been studied widely because of their strong radical-scavenging and antioxidative effects. These effects may contribute to the prevention of diseases, such as diabetes. Insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and homeostasis are important factors in the onset of diabetes, a disease that is associated with dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells. Oxidative stress is thought to contribute to this dysfunction and the effects of antioxidants on the pathogenesis of diabetes have, therefore, been investigated. Here, we summarize the antioxidative effects of polyphenols from the perspective of their radical-scavenging activities as well as their effects on signal transduction pathways. We also describe the preventative effects of polyphenols on diabetes by referring to recent studies including those reported by us. Appropriate analytical approaches for evaluating antioxidants in studies on the prevention of diabetes are comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Umeno
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
| | - Masanori Horie
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
| | - Kazutoshi Murotomi
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Nakajima
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
| | - Yasukazu Yoshida
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
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50
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Chu C, Lu FJ, Yeh RH, Li ZL, Chen CH. Synergistic antioxidant activity of resveratrol with genistein in high-glucose treated Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:349-354. [PMID: 26998274 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (Re), a stilbenoid, is associated with a potential benefit in controlling certain biomarkers in type II diabetes. Genistein (Ge), a phytoestrogen, may act as an antioxidant and thus may diminish damaging effects of free radicals in tissues. In the present study, a potential synergistic antioxidant effect of an Re/Ge combination on high-glucose (HG) incubation in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells was evaluated. Compared with the treatment of Re or Ge alone, the Re/Ge combination synergistically decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydroxyl radicals in MDCK cells. This synergistic antioxidant effect correlated with the inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase expression and an increase in γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase expression. In addition, mitochondrial complex I, NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase and lipoxygenase contributed towards ROS overproduction when the MDCK cells were incubated with HG. In conclusion, the Re/Ge combination synergistically enhanced the antioxidant effect in HG-incubated kidney cells, possibly through an enhanced antioxidant regulation mechanism. The Re/Ge combination may be a potential benefit against oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chishih Chu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fung-Jou Lu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Rang-Hui Yeh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Zih-Ling Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Hsein Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
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