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Görüşük EM, Lalikoglu M, Aşçı YS, Bener M, Bekdeşer B, Apak R. Novel tributyl phosphate-based deep eutectic solvent: Application in microwave assisted extraction of carotenoids. Food Chem 2024; 459:140418. [PMID: 39024868 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
A contribution to the use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was made for bioactive compounds recovery, especially those with lipophilic character, from tomato and carrot samples rich in carotenoids. For the first time, a novel deep eutectic solvent was synthesized, comprising tributyl phosphate (TBP) as a hydrogen bond acceptor and acetic acid (AcOH) as a hydrogen bond donor. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of tomato and carrot extracts obtained by MAE, in which optimization of operational parameters and modeling were made with the use of Box-Behnken design of the response surface methodology (RSM), was evaluated using the Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) method. For the highest TAC, operational parameters that best suit the MAE procedure were set at 80 °C, 35 min, and 25 mL/2.0 g. The TAC values of extracts obtained by MAE using TBP:AcOH, 1:2 (mol/mol) were examined against those of extracts acquired by classical solvent extraction using a mixture of hexane, ethanol and acetone (H:E:A, 2:1:1 (v/v/v)) mixture. TAC of extracts in DES varied between 5.10 and 0.71 lycopene equivalents (mmol LYC kg-1). The highest extraction yield comparable to conventional organic solvents was obtained with TBP:AcOH (1:2). It was observed that, in addition to lipophilic antioxidants, some hydrophilic antioxidant compounds were partially extracted with the proposed DES. Moreover, the extracted antioxidant compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC analysis. The proposed DES and MAE process will find potential application for hydrophobic antioxidant extraction from tomatoes and carrots on an industrial scale after further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Münevver Görüşük
- Institute of Graduate Studies and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Melisa Lalikoglu
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Fatih 34134, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yavuz Selim Aşçı
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Fatih 34134, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Bener
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Fatih 34134, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Burcu Bekdeşer
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Reşat Apak
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Türkiye; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), 06690 Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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2
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Neamțu AA, Maghiar TA, Turcuș V, Maghiar PB, Căpraru AM, Lazar BA, Dehelean CA, Pop OL, Neamțu C, Totolici BD, Mathe E. A Comprehensive View on the Impact of Chlorogenic Acids on Colorectal Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6783-6804. [PMID: 39057047 PMCID: PMC11276415 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acids are plant secondary metabolites, chemically-polyphenols with similar biological activity, formed through the esterification of quinic acid and hydrocinnamic acid moieties. They are best known for their high concentration in coffee and other dietary sources and the antioxidant properties that they exhibit. Both chlorogenic acids and plant extracts containing significant amounts of the compounds show promising in vitro activity against colorectal cancer. With coffee being the most popular drink in the world, and colorectal cancer at an unfortunate peak in incidence and mortality, the mechanisms through which the anti-tumorigenic effect of chlorogenic acids could be functionalized for CRC prevention seem appealing to study. Therefore, this review aims to enable a better understanding of the modes of action of chlorogenic acids in combating carcinogenesis, with a focus on cell cycle arrest, the induction of apoptosis, and the modulation of Wnt, Pi3K/Akt, and MAPK signal transduction pathways, alongside the reduction in the number of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the counterintuitive beneficial elevation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Adriana Neamțu
- Department of Toxicology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-A.N.); (C.-A.D.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Arad, Andrenyi Karoly Str., No. 2-4, 310037 Arad, Romania;
- Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 1 Decembrie 1918 Blvd., No. 1, 540011 Târgu Mures, Romania; (A.-M.C.); (B.-A.L.)
| | - Teodor Andrei Maghiar
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Universității Str., No. 1, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (T.A.M.); (P.B.M.)
- Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Oradea, Gheorghe Doja Str., No. 65, 410169 Oradea, Romania
- Pelican Hospital, Corneliu Coposu Str., No. 2, 410450 Oradea, Romania
| | - Violeta Turcuș
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Dentistry, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, Liviu Rebreanu Str., No. 86, 310045 Arad, Romania;
- National Institute for Economic Research “Costin C. Kiritescu” of the Romanian Academy/Centre for Mountain Economy (CE-MONT), 725700 Suceava, Romania
| | - Paula Bianca Maghiar
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Universității Str., No. 1, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (T.A.M.); (P.B.M.)
- Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Oradea, Gheorghe Doja Str., No. 65, 410169 Oradea, Romania
- Pelican Hospital, Corneliu Coposu Str., No. 2, 410450 Oradea, Romania
| | - Anca-Maria Căpraru
- Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 1 Decembrie 1918 Blvd., No. 1, 540011 Târgu Mures, Romania; (A.-M.C.); (B.-A.L.)
- Poiana Mare Psychiatry Hospital, Gării Str., No. 40, 207470 Poiana Mare, Romania
| | - Bianca-Andreea Lazar
- Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 1 Decembrie 1918 Blvd., No. 1, 540011 Târgu Mures, Romania; (A.-M.C.); (B.-A.L.)
| | - Cristina-Adriana Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-A.N.); (C.-A.D.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Laurean Pop
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Universității Str., No. 1, 410081 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Carmen Neamțu
- Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Arad, Andrenyi Karoly Str., No. 2-4, 310037 Arad, Romania;
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Dentistry, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, Liviu Rebreanu Str., No. 86, 310045 Arad, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Dan Totolici
- Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Arad, Andrenyi Karoly Str., No. 2-4, 310037 Arad, Romania;
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Dentistry, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, Liviu Rebreanu Str., No. 86, 310045 Arad, Romania;
| | - Endre Mathe
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Dentistry, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, Liviu Rebreanu Str., No. 86, 310045 Arad, Romania;
- Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str., No. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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3
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Akbulut M, Çoklar H, Bulut AN, Hosseini SR. Evaluation of black grape pomace, a fruit juice by-product, in shalgam juice production: Effect on phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, resveratrol, tannin, and in vitro antioxidant activity. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4372-4384. [PMID: 38873455 PMCID: PMC11167193 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The aims of this research were to investigate the usability of black grape pomace in the production of shalgam juice, which is a traditional fermented Turkish beverage, to transform the pomace into the high value-added product and to enrich the shalgam juice with phenolic compounds. Black grape pomace and black carrot were used as the sources of polyphenols and five different formulations were obtained according to the amounts of black carrot and black grape pomace. During the fermentation, the samples were taken at different periods and analyzed for anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and tannin content. Gentisic, caffeic, ferulic, coumaric, and chlorogenic acids, catechin, glucosides of kaemferol and isorhamnetin, resveratrol, rutin, cyanidin-3-xylosylglucosylgalactoside, cyanidin-3-xylosylgalactoside, cyanidin-3-xylosylglucosylgalactoside acylated with sinapic acid, ferulic acid, or coumaric acid, and glucosides of cyanidin, petunidin, and malvidin were identified in the shalgam juices that contained both black grape pomace and black carrot in their formulation. Some of these polyphenols were not detected detect in the shalgam juices that were produced from only the black carrot or black grape pomace. During the fermentation, a decrease in the amount of anthocyanins originated from black carrots and an increase in the amount of anthocyanins orginated from black grape pomace were determined. Black grape pomace addition to the formulation before the fermentation caused an increase in the amount of tannin in the shalgam juice samples. Consequently, it is thought that black grape pomace can be fruitfully evaluated in shalgam juice production and can be enhanced by polyphenolic profile of shalgam juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Akbulut
- Department of Food Engineering, Agriculture FacultySelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Hacer Çoklar
- Department of Food Engineering, Agriculture FacultySelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Ayşe Nur Bulut
- Department of Food Engineering, Akşehir Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Said Reza Hosseini
- Department of Food Engineering, Agriculture FacultySelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
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4
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Ordóñez-Díaz JL, Velasco-Ruiz I, Velasco-Tejero C, Pereira-Caro G, Moreno-Rojas JM. Seasonal and Morphology Effects on Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Capacity, and Sugars Profile of Black Carrot ( Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.). Foods 2024; 13:1575. [PMID: 38790875 PMCID: PMC11121725 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Black carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) is widely recognized for its bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties. The black carrot of Cuevas Bajas (Málaga) is a local variety characterized by a black/purple core, which differs from other black carrot varieties. Therefore, this autochthonous variety was characterized according to the root size and the harvesting season by means of a study of its antioxidant capacity analyzed by three methods, its total carotenoids content, and its sugars and phenolic compounds profile by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). A total of 20 polyphenolic compounds were quantified in 144 samples analyzed. The anthocyanidins group was observed to be the most abundant, followed by the hydroxycinnamic acids group. Moreover, pelargonidin 3-sambubioside was observed in black carrot for the first time. The medium-sized carrots presented the highest content of phenolic compounds, largely due to their significantly higher anthocyanidins content. Comparatively, the small carrots showed a higher content of simple sugars than the large ones. Regarding the influence of season, significantly higher quantities of glucose and fructose were observed in the late-season carrots, while sucrose was the main sugar in early-season samples. No significant differences were observed in the total carotenoid content of black carrot.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Ordóñez-Díaz
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.L.O.-D.); (G.P.-C.)
| | - Isabel Velasco-Ruiz
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.L.O.-D.); (G.P.-C.)
- Departamento de Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Campus Rabanales, Ed. Darwin-Anexo Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Velasco-Tejero
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.L.O.-D.); (G.P.-C.)
| | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.L.O.-D.); (G.P.-C.)
| | - José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.L.O.-D.); (G.P.-C.)
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5
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Cortez N, Villegas C, Burgos V, Ortiz L, Cabrera-Pardo JR, Paz C. Therapeutic Potential of Chlorogenic Acid in Chemoresistance and Chemoprotection in Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5189. [PMID: 38791228 PMCID: PMC11121551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs are indispensable in cancer treatment, but their effectiveness is often lessened because of non-selective toxicity to healthy tissues, which triggers inflammatory pathways that are harmful to vital organs. In addition, tumors' resistance to drugs causes failures in treatment. Chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid, CGA), found in plants and vegetables, is promising in anticancer mechanisms. In vitro and animal studies have indicated that CGA can overcome resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics and alleviate chemotherapy-induced toxicity by scavenging free radicals effectively. This review is a summary of current information about CGA, including its natural sources, biosynthesis, metabolism, toxicology, role in combatting chemoresistance, and protective effects against chemotherapy-induced toxicity. It also emphasizes the potential of CGA as a pharmacological adjuvant in cancer treatment with drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, doxorubicin, regorafenib, and radiotherapy. By analyzing more than 140 papers from PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder, we hope to find the therapeutic potential of CGA in improving cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cortez
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (N.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Cecilia Villegas
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (N.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Viviana Burgos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Leandro Ortiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Jaime R. Cabrera-Pardo
- Laboratorio de Química Aplicada y Sustentable, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile;
| | - Cristian Paz
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (N.C.); (C.V.)
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6
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Manthei A, López-Gámez G, Martín-Belloso O, Elez-Martínez P, Soliva-Fortuny R. Relationship between Physicochemical, Techno-Functional and Health-Promoting Properties of Fiber-Rich Fruit and Vegetable By-Products and Their Enhancement by Emerging Technologies. Foods 2023; 12:3720. [PMID: 37893613 PMCID: PMC10606636 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The preparation and processing of fruits and vegetables produce high amounts of underutilized fractions, such as pomace and peel, which present a risk to the environment but constitute a valuable source of dietary fiber (DF) and bioactive compounds. The utilization of these fiber-rich products as functional food ingredients demands the application of treatments to improve their techno-functional properties, such as oil and water binding, and health-related properties, such as fermentability, adsorption, and retardation capacities of glucose, cholesterol, and bile acids. The enhancement of health-promoting properties is strongly connected with certain structural and techno-functional characteristics, such as the soluble DF content, presence of hydrophobic groups, and viscosity. Novel physical, environmentally friendly technologies, such as ultrasound (US), high-pressure processing (HPP), extrusion, and microwave, have been found to have higher potential than chemical and comminution techniques in causing desirable structural alterations of the DF network that lead to the improvement of techno-functionality and health promotion. The application of enzymes was related to higher soluble DF content, which might be associated with improved DF properties. Combined physical and enzymatic treatments can aid solubilization and modifications, but their benefit needs to be evaluated for each DF source and the desired outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert Soliva-Fortuny
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, University of Lleida/Agrotecnio-CeRCA Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.M.)
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7
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Pérez MB, Carvajal S, Beretta V, Bannoud F, Fangio MF, Berli F, Fontana A, Salomón MV, Gonzalez R, Valerga L, Altamirano JC, Yildiz M, Iorizzo M, Simon PW, Cavagnaro PF. Characterization of Purple Carrot Germplasm for Antioxidant Capacity and Root Concentration of Anthocyanins, Phenolics, and Carotenoids. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091796. [PMID: 37176853 PMCID: PMC10181440 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study characterized a genetically and phenotypically diverse collection of 27 purple and two non-purple (one orange and one yellow) carrot accessions for concentration of root anthocyanins, phenolics, and carotenoids, and antioxidant capacity estimated by four different methods (ORAC, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP), in a partially replicated experimental design comprising data from two growing seasons (2018 and 2019). Broad and significant (p < 0.0001) variation was found among the accessions for all the traits. Acylated anthocyanins (AA) predominated over non-acylated anthocyanins (NAA) in all the accessions and years analyzed, with AA accounting for 55.5-100% of the total anthocyanin content (TAC). Anthocyanins acylated with ferulic acid and coumaric acid were the most abundant carrot anthocyanins. In general, black or solid purple carrots had the greatest TAC and total phenolic content (TPC), and the strongest antioxidant capacities, measured by all methods. Antioxidant capacity, estimated by all methods, was significantly, positively, and moderately-to-strongly correlated with the content of all individual anthocyanins pigments, TAC, and TPC, in both years (r = 0.59-0.90, p < 0.0001), but not with the carotenoid pigments lutein and β-carotene; suggesting that anthocyanins and other phenolics, but not carotenoids, are major contributors of the antioxidant capacity in purple carrots. We identified accessions with high concentration of chemically stable AA, with potential value for the production of food dyes, and accessions with relatively high content of bioavailable NAA that can be selected for increased nutraceutical value (e.g., for fresh consumption).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, Ex Ruta 40 km 96, La Consulta M5567, Argentina
| | - Sofía Carvajal
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, Ex Ruta 40 km 96, La Consulta M5567, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Beretta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425, Argentina
| | - Florencia Bannoud
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Fangio
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (CONICET-UNMDP), Mar del Plata B7602, Argentina
| | - Federico Berli
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, Chacras de Coria M5528, Argentina
| | - Ariel Fontana
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, Chacras de Coria M5528, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Salomón
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, Chacras de Coria M5528, Argentina
| | - Roxana Gonzalez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, Ex Ruta 40 km 96, La Consulta M5567, Argentina
| | - Lucia Valerga
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, Ex Ruta 40 km 96, La Consulta M5567, Argentina
| | - Jorgelina C Altamirano
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA, CONICET-UNCuyo-Gobierno de Mendoza), Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, Mendoza M5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Padre Jorge Contreras 1300, Mendoza M5500, Argentina
| | - Mehtap Yildiz
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65080 Van, Turkey
| | - Massimo Iorizzo
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, 2721 Founders Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Philipp W Simon
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Vegetable Crops Research Unit, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Pablo F Cavagnaro
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, Ex Ruta 40 km 96, La Consulta M5567, Argentina
- Instituto de Horticultura, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, Chacras de Coria M5528, Argentina
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8
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Valerga L, González RE, Pérez MB, Concellón A, Cavagnaro PF. Differential and Cultivar-Dependent Antioxidant Response of Whole and Fresh-Cut Carrots of Different Root Colors to Postharvest UV-C Radiation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1297. [PMID: 36986985 PMCID: PMC10053824 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fresh-cut produce have become widely popular, increasing vegetable consumption in many parts of the word. However, they are more perishable than unprocessed fresh vegetables, requiring cold storage to preserve their quality and palatability. In addition to cold storage, UV radiation has been used experimentally to try to increase nutritional quality and postharvest shelf life, revealing increased antioxidant levels in some fruits and vegetables, including orange carrots. Carrot is one of the main whole and fresh-cut vegetables worldwide. In addition to orange carrots, other root color phenotypes (e.g., purple, yellow, red) are becoming increasingly popular in some markets. The effect of the UV radiation and cold storage has not been explored in these root phenotypes. This study investigated the effect of postharvest UV-C radiation in whole and fresh-cut (sliced and shredded) roots of two purple, one yellow, and one orange-rooted cultivar, with regard to changes in concentration of total phenolics (TP) and hydroxycinnamic acids (HA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), total and individual anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity (by DPPH and ABTS), and superficial color appearance, monitoring such changes during cold storage. Results revealed that the UV-C radiation, the fresh-cut processing, and the cold storage influenced the content of antioxidant compounds and activities to varying extents, depending on the carrot cultivar, the degree of processing, and the phytochemical compound analyzed. UV-C radiation increased antioxidant capacity up to 2.1, 3.8, 2.5-folds; TP up to 2.0, 2.2, and 2.1-folds; and CGA up to 3.2, 6.6, and 2.5-folds, relative to UV-C untreated controls, for orange, yellow, and purple carrots, respectively. Anthocyanin levels were not significantly modified by the UV-C in both purple carrots evaluated. A moderate increase in tissue browning was found in some fresh-cut processed UV-C treated samples of yellow and purple but not orange roots. These data suggest variable potential for increasing functional value by UV-C radiation in different carrot root colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Valerga
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1425, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, La Consulta, San Carlos, Mendoza M5567, Argentina
| | - Roxana E. González
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, La Consulta, San Carlos, Mendoza M5567, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5502, Argentina
| | - María B. Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1425, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, La Consulta, San Carlos, Mendoza M5567, Argentina
| | - Analía Concellón
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1425, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), La Plata B1900, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1900, Argentina
| | - Pablo F. Cavagnaro
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1425, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, La Consulta, San Carlos, Mendoza M5567, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Chacras de Coria M5528, Argentina
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Effect of Processing and In Vitro Digestion on Bioactive Constituents of Powdered IV Range Carrot ( Daucus carota, L.) Wastes. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040731. [PMID: 36832803 PMCID: PMC9955751 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Daucus carota L. is an important food crop utilized worldwide and a rich source of bioactive compounds. Carrot processing generates residues which are discarded or underused, for which using them as a source for obtaining new ingredients or products is an opportunity for the development of healthier and more sustainable diets. In the present study, the impact of different milling and drying procedures and in vitro digestion on the functional properties of carrot waste powders was evaluated. Carrot waste was transformed into powders by disruption (grinding vs. chopping), drying (freeze-drying or air-drying at 60 or 70 °C) and final milling. Powders were characterized in terms of physicochemical properties (water activity, moisture content, total soluble solids and particle size) nutraceuticals (total phenol content, total flavonoid content antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS methods, as well as carotenoid content (α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein, lycopene). Antioxidants and carotenoid content during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion were also evaluated; the latter in different matrices (directly, in water, in oil, and in oil-in-water emulsion). Processing allowed to reduce water activity of samples and obtain powders rich in antioxidant compounds and carotenoids. Both disruption and drying had a significant impact on powders' properties freeze-drying led to finer powders with higher carotenoid content but lower antioxidant values, whereas air-drying implied chopped air-dried powders exhibited higher phenols content and improved antioxidant activity. Simulated in vitro digestion studies revealed that digestion helps release bioactive compounds which are bound to the powder structure. The solubilization of carotenoids in oil was low, but fat co-ingestion notably increased their recovery. According to the results, carrot waste powders containing bioactive compounds could be proposed as functional ingredients to increase the nutritional value of foods, thus contributing to the concepts of more sustainable food systems and sustainable healthy diets.
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Saparbekova A, Kantureyeva G, Kudasova D, Konarbayeva Z, Latif A. Potential of phenolic compounds from pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) by-product with significant antioxidant and therapeutic effects: A narrative review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103553. [PMID: 36632073 PMCID: PMC9827386 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The wealth of epidemiological evidence in the scientific world underscores the possibility that a plant-based diet can reduce the prevalence of common diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and stroke. The therapeutic effects of plant sources are partly explained by phenolic secondary metabolites or polyphenolic compounds. Therefore, polyphenolic compounds, which are widely distributed in plants, are of great interest for the development of effective specific drugs with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, polyphenol compounds have no harmful effects due to their natural biocompatibility and safety. Numerous studies have highlighted the potential of some industrial food wastes from plant material processing, including apple peels and mashed potatoes, grape skins, tomato and carrot peels, pomegranate peels and seeds, and many others. These byproducts are considered low-cost sources of natural biological compounds, including antioxidants, which have beneficial effects on human health. The polyphenol complex of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.), which makes up half of the pomegranate fruit, has more pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties than other parts. And the most important active components of pomegranate peel, which are found only in this plant, are punicalagin, followed by ellagic acid and gallic acid. It is known that these polyphenolic compounds of pomegranate peel have the most pronounced therapeutic effect. Several studies have shown the protective effect of ellagic acid, punicalagin, against oxidative stress damage caused by free radicals. The potential of pomegranate peel as an antioxidant and therapeutic component in various biological systems is high, according to scientific sources. However, despite extensive research in recent years, a review of sources has shown that there is insufficient evidence to support the therapeutic effects of polyphenolic compounds from pomegranate peels. The role of pomegranate peel polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids, as antioxidants in various biological systems also requires further research. Of particular importance are the mechanisms by which antioxidants influence the cellular response against oxidative stress. The purpose of this review was to report our current knowledge of plant polyphenolic compounds and their classification, and to evaluate the potential of phenolic compounds from pomegranate peels with significant antioxidant and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.A. Saparbekova
- M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Biotechnology department, Tauke-Chan av., 5, 486050 Shymkent, Kazakhstan
| | - G.O. Kantureyeva
- M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Biotechnology department, Tauke-Chan av., 5, 486050 Shymkent, Kazakhstan,Corresponding author.
| | - D.E. Kudasova
- M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Biotechnology department, Tauke-Chan av., 5, 486050 Shymkent, Kazakhstan
| | - Z.K. Konarbayeva
- M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Food Engineering department, Tauke-Chan av., 5, 486050 Shymkent, Kazakhstan
| | - A.S. Latif
- M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Biology and Geography Department, Tauke-Chan av., 5, 486050 Shymkent, Kazakhstan
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Zappia A, Spanti A, Princi R, Imeneo V, Piscopo A. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Antioxidant Extract from Lemon By-Products on Preservation of Quality Attributes of Minimally Processed Radish ( Raphanus sativus L.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020235. [PMID: 36829794 PMCID: PMC9952553 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to enhance the use of a food-grade antioxidant extract obtained from lemon processing byproducts (peel, pulp and seeds) to extend the shelf life of minimally processed radishes. The extract (LPE) was previously characterized in terms of total phenolic (6.75 ± 0.34 mg GAE g-1 d.w.) and flavonoid content (2.04 ± 0.09 mg CE g-1 d.w.) and antioxidant activity, and eriocitrin and hesperidin were identified as the most prevalent phenolic compounds by a UHPLC system. The effects of different dipping aqueous solutions (UCR, DRa, DRb) and alginate-based edible coating formulations (CRc, CRd) with and without the antioxidant extract were studied on the quality parameters of minimally processed radishes, characterized regarding their microbiological and physicochemical characteristics for up to 14 days at 3 °C. The coating formulated with LPE delayed the radish respiration process, as well as resulting in less color variation (ΔE < 3) and reduced mesophilic aerobic count values (4.49 ± 1.43 log CFU g-1), proving the effectiveness of LPE as a value-added ingredient in developing post-harvest strategies to prolong the shelf life of minimally processed vegetables. Indeed, coated samples without the extract showed a clear development of rotting, which led to the end of their shelf life on their 7th day of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Zappia
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Angelica Spanti
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Rossella Princi
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Valeria Imeneo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Amalia Piscopo
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
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12
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Kaeppler MS, Smith JB, Davis CR, Simon PW, Tanumihardjo SA. Anthocyanin and Lycopene Contents Do Not Affect β-Carotene Bioefficacy from Multicolored Carrots (Daucus carota L.) in Male Mongolian Gerbils. J Nutr 2023; 153:76-87. [PMID: 36913481 PMCID: PMC10196587 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins and carotenoids are phytochemicals that may benefit health through provitamin A carotenoid (PAC), antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. These bioactives may mitigate chronic diseases. Consumption of multiple phytochemicals may impact bioactivity in synergistic or antagonistic manners. OBJECTIVES Two studies in weanling male Mongolian gerbils assessed the relative bioefficacy of β-carotene equivalents (BCEs) to vitamin A (VA) with simultaneous consumption of the non-PAC lycopene or anthocyanins from multicolored carrots. METHODS After 3-wk VA depletion, 5-6 gerbils were killed as baseline groups. The remaining gerbils were divided into 4 carrot treatment groups; the positive control group received retinyl acetate and the negative control group was given vehicle soybean oil (n = 10/group; n = 60/study). In the lycopene study, gerbils consumed feed varying in lycopene sourced from red carrots. In the anthocyanin study, gerbils consumed feed varying in anthocyanin content sourced from purple-red carrots, and positive controls received lycopene. Treatment feeds had equalized BCEs: 5.59 ± 0.96 μg/g (lycopene study) and 7.02 ± 0.39 μg/g (anthocyanin study). Controls consumed feeds without pigments. Serum, liver, and lung samples were analyzed for retinol and carotenoid concentrations using HPLC. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's studentized range test. RESULTS In the lycopene study, liver VA did not differ between groups (0.11 ± 0.07 μmol/g) indicating no effect of varying lycopene content. In the anthocyanin study, liver VA concentrations in the medium-to-high (0.22 ± 0.14 μmol/g) and medium-to-low anthocyanin (0.25 ± 0.07 μmol/g) groups were higher than the negative control (0.11 ± 0.07 μmol/g) (P < 0.05). All treatment groups maintained baseline VA concentrations (0.23 ± 0.06 μmol/g). Combining studies, serum retinol had 12% sensitivity to predict VA deficiency, defined as 0.7 μmol/L. CONCLUSIONS These gerbil studies suggested that simultaneous consumption of carotenoids and anthocyanins does not impact relative BCE bioefficacy. Breeding carrots for enhanced pigments to improve dietary intake should continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla S Kaeppler
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jordan B Smith
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher R Davis
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Philipp W Simon
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; USDA Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable Crops Research Unit; Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Capacity and UV Radiation Protection Properties of Marigold (Calendula officinalis), Carrot (Daucus carota), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Hop (Humulus lupulus) Extracts. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9060134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Total phenolic content using Folin–Ciocalteu method, antioxidant capacity by CUPRAC method and sun protection properties were measured for four different extracts of selected plants: marigold petals, carrot roots, tomato fruits and hop cones. Three types of extracts: water, oil and water-glycolic (1:4) were studied. Assessment of sun protection properties for extracts obtained from selected plants was first done by mathematical indication method and subsequently done spectrophotometrically. In a method of mathematical indication of UV protection based on absorption spectra, four parameters were determined regarding sun protection properties at different concentrations of selected plant extracts. Absorbance generally increased with an increase of concentration of extracts, but an expected increase of particular parameters was not obtained in all samples. The water-glycolic extract from hop cones was characterized by the highest content of phenolic compounds (among all studied samples) and high antioxidant activity. It also showed high radiation protection. Data for four parameters like UVA/UVB parameter, UVA1/UV parameter, SUI parameter and critical wavelength was generated, and the three first parameters were the highest for water and water-glycolic extracts of marigold. Among all plants, hop cones were characterized by the highest SPF for all types of extracts. SPF values increased with the concentration of extracts, but an increase of the weight of dried plants used to prepared extracts did not influence sun protection factor.
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Nemati M, Singh B, Mir RA, Nemati M, Babaei A, Ahmadi M, Rasmi Y, Golezani AG, Rezaie J. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles: a novel nanomedicine approach with advantages and challenges. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:69. [PMID: 35606749 PMCID: PMC9128143 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many eukaryote cells produce membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs) to establish cell-to-cell communication. Plant-derived EVs (P-EVs) contain proteins, RNAs, lipids, and other metabolites that can be isolated from the juice, the flesh, and roots of many species. METHODS In the present review study, we studied numerous articles over the past two decades published on the role of P-EVs in plant physiology as well as on the application of these vesicles in different diseases. RESULTS Different types of EVs have been identified in plants that have multiple functions including reorganization of cell structure, development, facilitating crosstalk between plants and fungi, plant immunity, defense against pathogens. Purified from several edible species, these EVs are more biocompatible, biodegradable, and extremely available from many plants, making them useful for cell-free therapy. Emerging evidence of clinical and preclinical studies suggest that P-EVs have numerous benefits over conventional synthetic carriers, opening novel frontiers for the novel drug-delivery system. Exciting new opportunities, including designing drug-loaded P-EVs to improve the drug-delivery systems, are already being examined, however clinical translation of P-EVs-based therapies faces challenges. CONCLUSION P-EVs hold great promise for clinical application in the treatment of different diseases. In addition, despite enthusiastic results, further scrutiny should focus on unravelling the detailed mechanism behind P-EVs biogenesis and trafficking as well as their therapeutic applications. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Nemati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bipin Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310 India
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Sciences and Biotechnology Baba Ghulam, Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu & Kashmir 185234 India
| | - Mahdieh Nemati
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Babaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ahmadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Gholinejad Golezani
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd., P.O. Box: 1138, Urmia, 57147 Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd., P.O. Box: 1138, Urmia, 57147 Iran
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Comparative Analysis between Synthetic Vitamin E and Natural Antioxidant Sources from Tomato, Carrot and Coriander in Diets for Market-Sized Dicentrarchus labrax. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040636. [PMID: 35453321 PMCID: PMC9030101 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic vitamin E is commonly used in aquafeeds to prevent oxidative stress in fish and delay feed and flesh oxidation during storage, but consumers’ preferences tend towards natural antioxidant sources. The potential of vegetable antioxidants-rich coproducts, dried tomato (TO), carrot (CA) and coriander (CO) was compared to that of synthetic vitamin E included in diets at either a regular (CTRL; 100 mg kg−1) or reinforced dose (VITE; 500 mg kg−1). Natural antioxidants were added at 2% to the CTRL. Mixes were then extruded and dried, generating five experimental diets that were fed to European sea bass juveniles (114 g) over 12 weeks. Vitamin E and carotenoid content of extruded diets showed signs of degradation. The experimental diets had very limited effects on fish growth or body composition, immunomodulatory response, muscle and liver antioxidant potential, organoleptic properties or consumer acceptance. Altogether, experimental findings suggest that neither a heightened inclusion dose of 500 mg kg−1 of vitamin E, nor a 2% inclusion of natural antioxidants provided additional antioxidant protection, compared to fish fed diets including the regular dose of 100 mg kg−1 of vitamin E.
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Viacava GE, Cenci MP, Ansorena MR. Effect of Chitosan Edible Coatings Incorporated with Free or Microencapsulated Thyme Essential Oil on Quality Characteristics of Fresh-Cut Carrot Slices. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Schmiedeskamp A, Schreiner M, Baldermann S. Impact of Cultivar Selection and Thermal Processing by Air Drying, Air Frying, and Deep Frying on the Carotenoid Content and Stability and Antioxidant Capacity in Carrots ( Daucus carota L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1629-1639. [PMID: 35090124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that consuming diets rich in carotenoids can reduce the risk of developing several non-communicable diseases. Thus, we investigated the extent to which carotenoid contents of foods can be increased by the choice of food matrices with naturally high carotenoid contents and thermal processing methods that maintain their stability. For this purpose, carotenoids of 15 carrot (Daucus carota L.) cultivars of different colors were assessed with UHPLC-DAD-ToF-MS. Additionally, the processing effects of air drying, air frying, and deep frying on carotenoid stability were applied. Cultivar selection accounted for up to 12.9-fold differences in total carotenoid content in differently colored carrots and a 2.2-fold difference between orange carrot cultivars. Air frying for 18 and 25 min and deep frying for 10 min led to a significant decrease in total carotenoid contents. TEAC assay of lipophilic extracts showed a correlation between carotenoid content and antioxidant capacity in untreated carrots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Schmiedeskamp
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- NutriAct─Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- NutriAct─Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- NutriAct─Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Bayreuth, Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, Food Metabolome, Fritz-Hornschuch-Straße 13, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
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Koc TB, Kuyumcu Savan E, Karabulut I. Determination of Antioxidant Properties and β-Carotene in Orange Fruits and Vegetables by an Oxidation Voltammetric Assay. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1971686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tugca Bilenler Koc
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ebru Kuyumcu Savan
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Karabulut
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Riaz N, Yousaf Z, Yasmin Z, Munawar M, Younas A, Rashid M, Aftab A, Shamsheer B, Yasin H, Najeebullah M, Simon PW. Development of Carrot Nutraceutical Products as an Alternative Supplement for the Prevention of Nutritional Diseases. Front Nutr 2022; 8:787351. [PMID: 35047545 PMCID: PMC8761950 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.787351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals can serve as an alternative supplement to overcome nutritional deficiency for a healthy lifestyle. They can also play a key role in disease management. To develop carrot nutraceutical products, 64 genotypes from four different continents were evaluated for a range of morpho-nutrition variables. Genetic variability, heritability, strength and direction of association among variables, and direct and indirect relationships among physiochemical and nutritional traits with β-carotene content were evaluated. Core diameter, foliage weight, root weight and shoulder weight showed significant association with β-carotene accumulation. Principal component analysis for physiochemical and nutritional assessment divided these genotypes into two distinctive groups, Eastern carrots and Western carrots. Caloric and moisture content had high positive associations with β-carotene content while carbohydrate content was negatively associated. Five genotypes (T-29, PI 634658, PI 288765, PI 164798, and Ames 25043) with the highest β-carotene contents were selected for making three nutraceutical supplements (carrot-orange juice, carrot jam and carrot candies). These nutraceutical supplements retained high β-carotene content coupled with antioxidant properties. Carrot jam (6.5 mg/100 g) and carrot candies (4.8 mg/100 g) had greater concentrations of β-carotene than carrot-orange juice (1.017 mg/100 g). Carrot jam presented high antioxidant activity with the highest values in T-29 (39% inhibition of oxidation) followed by PI 634658 (37%), PI 164798 (36.5%), Ames 25043 (36%) and PI 288765 (35.5%). These nutraceutical products, with 4–6.5 mg/100 g β-carotene content, had higher values than the USDA recommended dietary intake of 3–6 mg β-carotene/day can be recommended for daily use to lower the risk of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Riaz
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Zubaida Yousaf
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zarina Yasmin
- Post-Harvest Research Centre, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muneeb Munawar
- Vegetable Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Afifa Younas
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Rashid
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arusa Aftab
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shamsheer
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamna Yasin
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Najeebullah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Philipp W Simon
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Vegetable Crops Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI, United States
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Klettenhammer S, Ferrentino G, Zendehbad HS, Morozova K, Scampicchio M. Microencapsulation of linseed oil enriched with carrot pomace extracts using Particles from Gas Saturated Solutions (PGSS) process. J FOOD ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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21
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Physiological Roles of Red Carrot Methanolic Extract and Vitamin E to Abrogate Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Challenge and Apoptosis in Rat Testes: Involvement of the Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111653. [PMID: 34829524 PMCID: PMC8615202 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise analysis of the contents of the red carrot is still ambiguous and its role in the maintenance of male fertility needs to be further reconnoitered. Hence, this study targets the physiological impacts of either red carrot methanolic extract (RCME) or vitamin E (Vit. E), co-administrated with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on rat testes, specifically those concerned with apoptosis and oxidative challenge. Four groups of adult male rats (n = 12) are used; control, CdCl2, CdCl2 + Vit. E and CdCl2 + RCME. LC-MS analysis of RCME reveals the presence of 20 different phytochemical compounds. Our data clarify the deleterious effects of CdCl2 on testicular weights, semen quality, serum hormonal profile, oxidative markers and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Histopathological changes in testicular, prostatic and semen vesicle glandular tissues are also observed. Interestingly, our data clearly demonstrate that co-administration of either RCME or Vit. E with CdCl2 significantly succeeded in the modulation (p < 0.05) of all of these negative effects. The most striking is that they were potent enough to modulate the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio as well as having the ability to correct the impaired semen picture, oxidant status and hormonal profile. Thus, RCME and Vit. E could be used as effective prophylactic treatments to protect the male reproductive physiology against CdCl2 insult.
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22
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Yusuf E, Tkacz K, Turkiewicz IP, Wojdyło A, Nowicka P. Analysis of chemical compounds’ content in different varieties of carrots, including qualification and quantification of sugars, organic acids, minerals, and bioactive compounds by UPLC. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTwelve carrot varieties in different colours and sizes were investigated for chemical properties (dry matter, ash, pectins, titratable acidity, and pH), contents of vitamin C, sugar, organic acids, mineral (sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, and magnesium), and anti-oxidant activities (ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC). Moreover, total polyphenolics and total tetraterpenoids of colourful carrot varieties were presented. According to the study, sucrose was the dominant sugar and isocitric acid was the most common organic acid in carrot samples. In the case of mineral content, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and iron were identified, while copper was not identified in carrots. Additionally, most of the analyzed carrots were a good source of pectins (average—1.3%), except for mini-orange carrot. Purple-coloured carrot samples demonstrated the highest results for total sugar (11.2 g/100 g fm), total organic acid (2.8 g/100 g fm), total polyphenolic contents (224.4 mg/100 g fm), and anti-oxidant activities (17.1 mmol Trolox equivalents/100 g dm). In turn, the lowest results were observed in normal yellow carrot for total polyphenols (7.3 mg/100 g fm), and anti-oxidant activities (2.5 mmol Trolox equivalents/100 g dm); besides, the lowest total tetraterpenoids were determined in micro-white carrot—0.2 mg/100 g fm.
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Development of Frozen Pulps and Powders from Carrot and Tomato by-Products: Impact of Processing and Storage Time on Bioactive and Biological Properties. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7070185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vegetables and fruits have an interesting nutritional profile, rich in bioactive metabolites, holding a high antioxidant potential and health associated benefits. However, their functional properties, the shorter shelf-life due to their high-water content, and their seasonality nature lead to extensive food losses and waste. The valorization of vegetables and fruits by-products through the development of value-added products and the application of preservation methods is of utmost importance to prevent food losses and waste. In this study, based on a circular economy approach, pulps and powders of baby carrot and cherry tomato by-products were prepared. Freezing, hot air drying and storage time impact on antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds were studied. Microbiological quality and pulps viscosity were also monitored for 6 months. During the freezing storage, TPC and antioxidant capacity by ABTS and ORAC assays decreased. The antioxidant capacity by DPPH method and carotenoid content increased during the first months of freezing, but then decreased. The drying process negatively affected the antioxidant capacity as well as carotenoid and polyphenolic content compared with the fresh vegetables. Both processing methodologies positively impacted the vitamin E content. During drying storage, there were no key variations in antioxidant capacity and bioactive content.
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Neglected and Underutilized Plant Species (NUS) from the Apulia Region Worthy of Being Rescued and Re-Included in Daily Diet. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7070177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neglected and underutilized species (NUS) are cultivated, semi-domesticated, or wild plant species, not included in the group of the major staple crops, since, in most cases, they do not meet the global market requirements. As they often represent resilient species and valuable sources of vitamins, micronutrients, and other phytochemicals, a wider use of NUS would enhance sustainability of agro-systems and a choice of nutritious foods with a strategic role for addressing the nutritional security challenge across Europe. In this review, we focused on some examples of NUS from the Apulia Region (Southern Italy), either cultivated or spontaneously growing species, showing interesting adaptative, nutritional, and economical potential that can be exploited and properly enhanced in future programs.
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25
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Nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of three varieties of carrot (Daucus carota). SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Nishanthan G, Wickramasinghe I, Navaratne SB, Dissanayake DCT. Ready-to-prepare soup mix enriched with sea cucumbers: production, sensory attributes and nutritional composition. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:2078-2088. [PMID: 33967306 PMCID: PMC8076401 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sea cucumbers are considered healthy and high in nutritive value. Conversely however, limited consumption of sea cucumbers has been reported in many parts of the world. This study was done to produce a ready-to-prepare soup mix incorporating the sea cucumber aiming to popularize the sea cucumber consumption. The highly abundant low-value Bohadschia vitiensis in the coastal waters of Sri Lanka was selected to prepare this soup mix. Fresh B. vitiensis samples (n = 250) were collected from major sea cucumber landing sites of the northwest coast. Out of the seven compositions prepared initially, three compositions; 20%, 40% and 60% were selected. The best composition among these was selected through a sensory test performed using a semi-trained panel (n = 30) at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka. The initial chemical and microbial qualities of the selected soup mix were analyzed and the best packaging material was selected. Results showed that the soup mix with 40% sea cucumber flour was the best composition as it reported significantly higher sensory scores than the other two mixes (p ≤ 0.05, Friedman). This soup mix exhibited high protein (21.43 ± 1.21%), low fat (4.98 ± 0.23%) and its oxygen radical absorbance capacity was 1.04 ± 0.13 mg Trolox equivalents/g. Coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus colonies were absent in the soup mix. The total plate count (1.9 × 102 CFU/g), yeast and mold count (0.7 × 102 CFU/g) and the heavy metal contents were within the safe limit for human consumption. The Polyester-Aluminum-PE was selected as the best packaging material which ensured 6 weeks storage time at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Nishanthan
- Department of Zoology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - I. Wickramasinghe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - S. B. Navaratne
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - D. C. T. Dissanayake
- Department of Zoology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Nutritional, Phytochemical Characteristics and In Vitro Effect on α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, Lipase, and Cholinesterase Activities of 12 Coloured Carrot Varieties. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040808. [PMID: 33918549 PMCID: PMC8070462 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve carrot varieties with different colours (purple, orange, yellow, and white) and sizes (normal, mini, and micro) were analysed for prospective health benefits (activities against diabetes-, obesity-, and aging- related enzymes-α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase, acetylocholinesterase, and butyrylocholinesterase, respectively) and nutritional contents (polyphenols, carotenoids, and chlorophylls). The conducted studies showed that the highest content of total polyphenols was observed in different sizes of purple carrots. The normal yellow and mini orange carrots demonstrated the highest content of carotenoids. According to the study results, the mini purple carrot showed the highest activities against diabetes-related enzyme (α-glucosidase); furthermore, the highest activities of cholinesterase inhibitors were observed for micro purple carrot. Nevertheless, normal orange carrot exhibited the highest activity against lipase. The results of the present study showed that purple-coloured carrot samples of different sizes (normal, mini, and micro) exhibited attractive nutritional contents. However, their pro-health effects (anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-aging) should not be seen in the inhibition of amylase, glucosidase, lipase, and cholinesterase. Probably the mechanisms of their action are more complex, and the possible health-promoting effect results from the synergy of many compounds, including fibre, phytochemicals, vitamins, and minerals. Therefore, it would be worth continuing research on different varieties of carrots.
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Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Anthocyanin-Rich Carrots: A Comparison between the Black Carrot and the Apulian Landrace "Polignano" Carrot. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030564. [PMID: 33802658 PMCID: PMC8002536 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The carrot is one of the most cultivated vegetables in the world. Black or purple carrots contain acylated anthocyanins which are of special interest to the food industry for their stability and nutraceutical characteristics. Anthocyanin-rich fruits and vegetables have gained popularity in the last ten years, due to the health benefits they provide. In this paper, the characterizations of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities of different anthocyanin-containing carrots (a black carrot—BC, and a local purple carrot, the “Polignano” carrot—PC), compared to the commercial orange carrot (OC) (lacking of anthocyanins), are reported. The anthocyanin profiles of the polyphenolic extracts of BC and PC were similar, but differences were observed at quantitative levels. The total anthocyanin content in BC was more than twice that in PC (13.84 ± 0.61 vs. 5.64 ± 0.48 mg K Eq. g−1 DW). Phenolic acids (mostly chlorogenic acid) were also present at high level in anthocyanin-rich carrots compared to OC. High polyphenol content accounted also for a high reducing capacity (evaluated by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, FCR), and antioxidant capacity (evaluated by TEAC and ORAC assays) which were the highest for BC (FCR value: 16.6 ± 1.1 mg GAE. g−1 DW; TEAC: 76.6 ± 10.6 µmol TE. g−1 DW; ORAC: 159.9 ± 3.3 µmol TE. g−1 DW). All carrot genotypes (mostly OC) were rich in carotenoids (BC 0.14 ± 0.024; PC 0.33 ± 0.038; OC 1.29 ± 0.09 mg. g−1 DW), with predominance of α and β-carotene, in OC, and lutein in BC. PC showed the highest malic acid and sugar (glucose plus fructose) content. In conclusion, while BC is remarkable for nutraceutical features, the local genotype (“Polignano” carrot) is worth considering in genetic biodiversity conservation programme.
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29
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Zhang RR, Wang YH, Li T, Tan GF, Tao JP, Su XJ, Xu ZS, Tian YS, Xiong AS. Effects of simulated drought stress on carotenoid contents and expression of related genes in carrot taproots. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:379-390. [PMID: 33111186 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are liposoluble pigments found in plant chromoplasts that are responsible for the yellow, orange, and red colors of carrot taproots. Drought is one of the main stress factors affecting carrot growth. Carotenoids play important roles in drought resistance in higher plants. In the present work, the carotenoid contents in three different-colored carrot cultivars, 'Kurodagosun' (orange), 'Benhongjinshi' (red), and 'Qitouhuang' (yellow), were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) after 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 treatment. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was then used to determine the expression levels of carotenoid synthesis- and degradation-related genes. Increases in β-carotene content in 'Qitouhuang' taproots under drought stress were found to be related to the expression levels of DcPSY2 and DcLCYB. Increases in lutein and decreases in α-carotene content in 'Qitouhuang' and 'Kurodagosun' under PEG treatment may be related to the expression levels of DcCYP97A3, DcCHXE, and DcCHXB1. The expression levels of DcNCED1 and DcNCED2 in the three cultivars significantly increased, thus suggesting that NCED genes could respond to drought stress. Analysis of the growth status and carotenoid contents of carrots under PEG treatment indicated that the orange cultivar 'Kurodagosun' has better adaptability to drought stress than the other cultivars and that β-carotene and lutein may be involved in the stress resistance process of carrot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guo-Fei Tan
- Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 55006, China
| | - Jian-Ping Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Su
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Netzel G, Mikkelsen D, Flanagan BM, Netzel ME, Gidley MJ, Williams BA. Metabolism of Black Carrot Polyphenols during In Vitro Fermentation is Not Affected by Cellulose or Cell Wall Association. Foods 2020; 9:E1911. [PMID: 33371245 PMCID: PMC7766557 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable polyphenols are associated with health benefits, and those not absorbed could be fermented by the gastro-intestinal tract microbiota. Many fermentation studies focus on "pure" polyphenols, rather than those associated with plant cell walls (PCW). Black carrots (BlkC), are an ideal model plant food as their polyphenols bind to PCW with minimal release after gastro-intestinal digestion. BlkC were fractionated into three components-supernatant, pellet after centrifugation, and whole puree. Bacterial cellulose (BCell) was soaked in supernatant (BCell&S) as a model substrate. All substrates were fermented in vitro with a pig faecal inoculum. Gas kinetics, short chain fatty acids, and ammonium production, and changes in anthocyanins and phenolic acids were compared. This study showed that metabolism of BlkC polyphenols during in vitro fermentation was not affected by cellulose/cell wall association. In addition, BCell&S is an appropriate model to represent BlkC fermentation, suggesting the potential to examine fermentability of PCW-associated polyphenols in other fruits/vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Netzel
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Deirdre Mikkelsen
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bernadine M. Flanagan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Michael E. Netzel
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Michael J. Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Barbara A. Williams
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
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Purkiewicz A, Ciborska J, Tańska M, Narwojsz A, Starowicz M, Przybyłowicz KE, Sawicki T. The Impact of the Method Extraction and Different Carrot Variety on the Carotenoid Profile, Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties of Juices. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121759. [PMID: 33322599 PMCID: PMC7764007 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The study assesses the antioxidant activity (AA), carotenoid profile and total phenolic content (TPC) of carrot juices obtained from three different varieties (black, orange and yellow) and prepared using high- (HSJ) and low-speed juicer (LSJ). The AA assessment was carried out using four assays (DPPH, ABTS, PCL ACW and PCL ACL). The content of carotenoids was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method, while the total phenolic content by the spectrophotometric method. It was shown that orange carrot juices contain more carotenoids than yellow and black carrot juices, approximately ten and three times more, respectively. The total carotenoid content in orange carrot juice made by the HSJ was higher (by over 11%) compared to juice prepared by the LSJ. The highest total phenolic content was noticed in black carrot juices, while the lowest in orange carrot juices. In black carrot juices, a higher range of TPC was found in juices made by HSJ, while in the case of the orange and yellow carrots, the highest content of TPC was detected in juices prepared by the LSJ. AA of the juices was highly dependent on the carrot variety, juice extraction method. The most assays confirmed the highest AA values in black carrot juices. Furthermore, it was shown that the HSJ method is more preferred to obtain orange and yellow carrot juices with higher antioxidant properties, while the LSJ method is more suitable for black carrot juice extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Purkiewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45F, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.P.); (J.C.); (A.N.); (K.E.P.)
| | - Joanna Ciborska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45F, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.P.); (J.C.); (A.N.); (K.E.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Tańska
- Chair of Plant Raw Materials Chemistry and Processing, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Narwojsz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45F, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.P.); (J.C.); (A.N.); (K.E.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Starowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Science, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna E. Przybyłowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45F, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.P.); (J.C.); (A.N.); (K.E.P.)
| | - Tomasz Sawicki
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45F, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.P.); (J.C.); (A.N.); (K.E.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Plant Polyphenols-Biofortified Foods as a Novel Tool for the Prevention of Human Gut Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121225. [PMID: 33287404 PMCID: PMC7761854 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant food biofortification is recently receiving remarkable attention, as it aims to increase the intake of minerals, vitamins, or antioxidants, crucial for their contribution to the general human health status and disease prevention. In this context, the study of the plant’s secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, plays a pivotal role for the development of a new generation of plant crops, compensating, at least in part, the low nutritional quality of Western diets with a higher quality of dietary sources. Due to the prevalent immunomodulatory activity at the intestinal level, polyphenols represent a nutritionally relevant class of plant secondary metabolites. In this review, we focus on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of different classes of polyphenols with a specific attention to their potential in the prevention of intestinal pathological processes. We also discuss the latest biotechnology strategies and new advances of genomic techniques as a helpful tool for polyphenols biofortification and the development of novel, healthy dietary alternatives that can contribute to the prevention of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Lu H, Tian Z, Cui Y, Liu Z, Ma X. Chlorogenic acid: A comprehensive review of the dietary sources, processing effects, bioavailability, beneficial properties, mechanisms of action, and future directions. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3130-3158. [PMID: 33337063 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acids (CGAs), a group of hydroxycinnamates, are generally abundant in everyday foods and beverages, most prominently in certain coffee drinks. Among them, the chlorogenic acid (CGA), also termed as 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), is one of the most abundant, highly functional polyphenolic compounds in the human diet. The evidence of its health benefits obtained from clinical studies, as well as basic research, indicates an inverse correlation between 5-CQA consumption and a lower risk of metabolic syndromes and chronic diseases. This review focuses on the beneficial properties for health and mechanisms of action of 5-CQA, starting with its history, isomers, dietary sources, processing effects, preparation methods, pharmacological safety evaluation, and bioavailability. It also provides the possible molecular mechanistic bases to explain the health beneficial effects of 5-CQA including neuroprotective, cardiovascular protective, gastrointestinal protective, renoprotective, hepatoprotective, glucose and lipid metabolism regulatory, and anticarcinogenic effects. The information summarized here could aid in the basic and clinical research on 5-CQA as a natural dietary additive, potential drug candidate, as well as a natural health promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
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Turning Agri-Food Cooperative Vegetable Residues into Functional Powdered Ingredients for the Food Industry. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12041284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Current food transformation processes must face the food waste issue by developing valorization processes to reintroduce by-products in the economic cycle and contribute to circular economy, generating social and economic value, and ensuring permanence of agricultural and rural activities. In the present paper, the results of a collaboration project between a regional agri-food cooperative and university are summarized. The project aimed to revalorize a series of vegetable wastes (carrot, leek, celery, and cabbage) from the fresh and ready-to-eat lines of the cooperative, by producing functional powders to be used as functional food ingredients. Vegetables residues were successfully transformed into functional ingredients by hot air drying or freeze-drying, and variables such as storage conditions and grinding intensity prior to drying were considered. Twenty-five vegetable powders were obtained and characterized in terms of physicochemical and antioxidant properties. Results showed that drying (mainly hot air drying) allowed obtaining stable powders, with very low water activity values, and a significantly increased functionality. Vegetable waste powders could be used in the food industry as coloring and flavoring ingredients, or natural preservatives, or either be used to reformulate processed foods in order to improve their nutritional properties.
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Yadav YC, Pathak K, Pathak D. Review on Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Food (Beverages, Fruits and Vegetables) and Drug Interactions: Mechanism and Safety. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666190126141424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background:The therapeutic potency and efficacy of drugs can be affected by a patient’s dietary habit. The food composition and their nutritional value interact with drugs that lead to alteration of the therapeutic response of drugs in patients.Objective:This present review is an attempt to illustrate clinical reports of food-drug interaction. Further, it also highlights specific interaction mechanism(s) and the safety thereof.Methods:Through the search engine “Scopus”; literature on recent advances in food and drug interactions includes almost all therapeutic categories such as antimicrobials, antiviral, antifungal, antihistamines, anticoagulants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and drugs acting on the central nervous system and cardiovascular system.Results:Preclinical and clinical studies that have been conducted by various researchers affirm significant drug-food interactions across the various therapeutic categories of drugs. Preclinical studies have documented the effects of food, milk products, alcohols, fruit and vegetables on the drug absorption, metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. The clinical studies on fruits/vegetables and drugs interactions report significant alteration in therapeutic response.Conclusion:Based on the preclinical and clinical reports, it can be concluded that the interaction of food with drug(s) significantly alters their therapeutic potential. The inputs from clinical practitioners to elucidate potential risk of food-drug interaction need to be intensified in order to prevent adverse clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh C. Yadav
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, 206130, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, 206130, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devender Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, 206130, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Vanlalneihi B, Saha P, Kalia P, Jaiswal S, Kundu A, Saha ND, Sirowa SS, Singh N. Chemometric approach based characterization and selection of mid-early cauliflower for bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:293-300. [PMID: 31975732 PMCID: PMC6952495 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to analyse bioactive compounds (total phenolics, ascorbic acid and sinigrin) and antioxidant activity in 14 mid-early cauliflower genotypes. Significant differences (pb 0.05) were observed among the genotypes for all bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. Total phenolics content of curd were ranged from 20.36 to 48.93 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) 100 g-1 fresh weight (FW) which showed 2.5 times variation. The ascorbic acid content was maximum in DC522 (88.53 mg 100 g-1 FW) followed by Pusa Sharad (65.64 mg 100 g-1 FW) while minimum in DC310 (39.62 65.64 mg 100 g-1 FW). Wide variation was observed for cupric reducing antioxidant capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power ranging from 9.04 to 20.83 mg GAE 100 g-1 FW and 13.11 to 26.31 mg GAE 100 g-1 FW, respectively. Sinigrin was found to be highest in DC306 (39.50 µmol 100 g-1 FW) for leaf and in DC326 (36.93 µmol 100 g-1 FW) for curd sample. The cauliflower genotypes were classified based on chemometric approaches namely principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained 50.62% and 23.28% of total variance, respectively. The AHC as revealed by heat map classified cauliflower genotypes into four main groups based on measured traits. The information is useful for developing varieties and/or hybrids rich in bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Vanlalneihi
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, 560 089 India
| | - Partha Saha
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - P. Kalia
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Aditi Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - N. D. Saha
- CESCRA, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Shrawan Singh Sirowa
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Naveen Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
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Chihoub W, Dias MI, Barros L, Calhelha RC, Alves MJ, Harzallah-Skhiri F, Ferreira ICFR. Valorisation of the green waste parts from turnip, radish and wild cardoon: Nutritional value, phenolic profile and bioactivity evaluation. Food Res Int 2019; 126:108651. [PMID: 31732057 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The recovery of bio-wastes to obtain high added value compounds is of great interest for the pharmaceutical, medicinal and food industries. Therefore, the aerial parts of turnip (Brassica rapa L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and leaf blade of wild cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori) were characterized regarding their nutritional composition, as also their content in soluble sugars, organic acids, fatty acids, and tocopherols. Furthermore, their hydroethanolic extracts and infusion preparations, were profiled regarding individual phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS and their antioxidant, antibacterial and hepatotoxic activities were evaluated. Regarding the nutritional content, wild cardoon revealed the best results, however it was radish and turnip that showed higher values for organic acids and phenolic compounds. The hydroethanolic extract and infusion preparation of wild cardoon stood out for its antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Overall, the hydroethanolic extracts seemed more effective (regarding antioxidant and antibacterial activity) than the infusions. Total phenolic acids proved to be strongly correlated with the antioxidant and antibacterial (against Morganella morganii) activities. This study showed that the discarded parts of these plants can be used as an important natural source of valuable nutrient content and new and safe bioactive compounds, beneficial for human health. Moreover, the extraction of those compounds from underused parts of turnip, radish and cardoon could be used to preserve foods, avoiding artificial additives and thus, contributing to the development of new natural ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Chihoub
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Valorization (LR14-ES06), High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria José Alves
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Fethia Harzallah-Skhiri
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Valorization (LR14-ES06), High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Mężyńska M, Brzóska MM. Review of polyphenol-rich products as potential protective and therapeutic factors against cadmium hepatotoxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:117-145. [PMID: 30216481 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the growing attention of the scientific community has been focused on the threat to health created by environmental pollutants, including toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd), and on the need of finding effective ways to prevent and treat the unfavorable health effects of exposure to them. Particularly promising for Cd, and thus arousing the greatest interest, is the possibility of using various ingredients present in plants, including mainly polyphenolic compounds. As the liver is one of the target organs for this toxic metal and disturbances in the proper functioning of this organ have serious consequences for health, the aim of the present review was to discuss the possibility of using polyphenol-rich food products (e.g., chokeberry, black and green tea, blueberry, olive oil, rosemary and ginger) as the strategy in protection from this xenobiotic hepatotoxicity and treatment of this heavy metal-induced liver damage. Owing to the ability of polyphenols to bind ions of Cd and the strong antioxidative potential of these compounds, as well as their abundance in dietary products, it seems to be of high importance to consider the possibility of using polyphenols as potential preventive and therapeutic agents against Cd hepatotoxicity, determined by its strong pro-oxidative properties. Although most of the data on the effectiveness of polyphenols comes from studies in animals, the fact that some of them are derived from experimental models that reflect human exposure to this metal allows us to assume that some polyphenol-rich food products may be promising protective agents against Cd hepatotoxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mężyńska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Malgorzata M Brzóska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
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Lau WK, Van Chuyen H, Vuong QV. Physical Properties, Carotenoids and Antioxidant Capacity of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Peel as Influenced by Different Drying Treatments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Carrot peel generated from the juice factories is considered as waste and it can be potential for further recovery of carotenoids. Drying treatment is essential to minimise degradation of carotenoids and ease transportation as well as storage of the peel for further processing. This study aimed to determine the impact of different drying conditions on its physicochemical and antioxidant properties to propose the most suitable conditions for drying carrot peel for further recovery of carotenoids. Drying conditions were found to significantly affect retention of total carotenoids, β-carotene, lutein and lycopene as well as antioxidant capacity in carrot peel. Optimal conditions for hot-air drying were at 40 °C for 3.5 h; vacuum drying were at 60 °C, −60 kPa for 4 h; dehumidification drying was at 50 °C for 2.5 h with relative humidity (RH) of 16–21 %; and microwave drying was at 600 W for 7 min. In comparison with freeze drying (control) and other three different drying methods at each optimal conditions, dehumidification drying at 50 °C with RH of 16–21 % was the most effective method as it retained high levels of total carotenoids (2.75 mg/g DW), β-carotene (1.57 mg/g DW), lutein (0.17 mg/g DW) and lycopene (0.78 mg/g DW). Dried carrot peel also had potent antioxidant properties (ABTS: 4.71 and CUPRAC: 19 mM TE/g DW). Therefore, these conditions are recommended for drying carrot peel for further recovery of carotenoids.
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Yang XJ, Dang B, Fan MT. Free and Bound Phenolic Compound Content and Antioxidant Activity of Different Cultivated Blue Highland Barley Varieties from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040879. [PMID: 29641469 PMCID: PMC6017789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the polyphenols composition and antioxidant properties of 12 blue highland barley varieties planted on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area were measured. The contents of the free, bound and total phenolic acids varied between 166.20–237.60, 170.10–240.75 and 336.29–453.94 mg of gallic acid equivalents per 100 g of dry weight (DW) blue highland barley grains, while the free and bound phenolic acids accounted for 50.09% and 49.91% of the total phenolic acids, respectively. The contents of the free, bound and total flavones varied among 20.61–25.59, 14.91–22.38 and 37.91–47.98 mg of catechin equivalents per 100 g of dry weight (DW) of blue highland barley grains, while the free and bound flavones accounted for 55.90% and 44.10% of the total flavones, respectively. The prominent phenolic compounds in the blue hulless barley grains were gallic acid, benzoic acid, syringic acid, 4-coumaric acid, naringenin, hesperidin, rutin, (+)-catechin and quercetin. Among these, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid and (+)-catechin were the major phenolic compounds in the free phenolics extract. The most abundant bound phenolics were gallic acid, benzoic acid, syringic acid, 4-coumaric acid, benzoic acid, dimethoxybenzoic acid, naringenin, hesperidin, quercetin and rutin. The average contribution of the bound phenolic extract to the DPPH• free radical scavenging capacity was higher than 86%, that of free phenolic extract to the ABTS•+ free radical scavenging capacity was higher than 79%, and that of free phenolic (53%) to the FRAP antioxidant activity was equivalent to that of the bound phenol extract (47%). In addition, the planting environment exerts a very important influence on the polyphenol composition, content and antioxidant activity of blue highland barley. The correlation analysis showed that 2,4-hydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid were the main contributors to the DPPH• and ABTS•+ free radical scavenging capacity in the free phenolic extract, while chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid and quercetin were the main contributors to the free radical scavenging capacity in the bound phenol extract. The study results show that the blue highland barley grains have rich phenolic compounds and high antioxidant activity, as well as significant varietal differences. The free and bound phenolic extracts in the blue hulless barley grains have an equivalent proportion in the total phenol, and co-exist in two forms. They can be used as a potential valuable source of natural antioxidants, and can aid in enhancing the development and daily consumption of foods relating to blue highland barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Juan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China.
- Tibetan Plateau Key Laboratory of Agric-Product Processing, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China.
| | - Bin Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China.
- Tibetan Plateau Key Laboratory of Agric-Product Processing, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China.
| | - Ming-Tao Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Latif A, Hussain K, Shehzadi N, Islam M, Khan MT, Anwar R, Khan HM, Bukhari NI. Glutathione sulfotransferase inhibition activity of a self-fermented beverage, Kanji. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:547-553. [PMID: 27951746 PMCID: PMC6130599 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1257030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Kanji, a liquid preparation of roots of Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang. var. vavilovii Mazk. (Apiaceae), may inhibit glutathione sulfotransferase (GST) activity due to ferulic acid content. OBJECTIVES GST inhibition activity and characterization of Kanji and methanol extract of D. carota roots, and oral absorption pattern of ferulic acid from Kanji in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS GST inhibition activity of Kanji and methanol extract of D. carota roots in concentration range 0.001-100.00 mg/mL was determined using Sprague Dawley rat liver cytosolic fraction. Methanol extract upon column chromatography gave ferulic acid, which was used to characterize Kanji and determine its oral absorption pattern in Wistar rats. RESULTS The GST inhibition activity of Kanji (100.00 μg/mL), methanol extract of D. carota roots (100.00 μg/mL) and tannic acid (10.00 μg/mL, positive control) was found to be 0.162 ± 0.016, 0.106 ± 0.013 and 0.073 ± 0.004 μM/min/mg, respectively. Different Kanji samples and methanol extract contained ferulic acid (0.222-0.316 mg/g) and 0.77 mg/g, respectively. Ferulic acid did not appear in plasma after oral administration of Kanji. DISCUSSION Kanji having solid contents 80.0 μg/mL, equivalent to 0.0025 μg/mL ferulic acid, does not inhibit the activity of GST. The oral administration of Kanji, in human equivalent dose (528 mg/kg, 16.67 μg ferulic acid), to rats indicated poor absorption of ferulic acid. CONCLUSION Kanji having solid contents 14-36 mg/mL does not inhibit GST activity, hence may not interfere with drugs that are the substrates of GST, if taken concomitantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida Latif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Islam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Rukhsana Anwar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Humaira Majeed Khan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Gao Y, Ma S, Wang M, Feng XY. Characterization of Free, Conjugated, and Bound Phenolic Acids in Seven Commonly Consumed Vegetables. Molecules 2017; 22:E1878. [PMID: 29104269 PMCID: PMC6150285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids are thought to be beneficial for human health and responsible for vegetables' health-promoting properties. Free, conjugated, and bound phenolic acids of seven commonly consumed vegetables, including kidney bean, cow pea, snow pea, hyacinth bean, green soy bean, soybean sprouts and daylily, from the regions of Beijing, Hangzhou, and Guangzhou, were identified and quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Three vegetables, namely green soy bean, soybean sprouts, and daylily (Hemerocallisfulva L.), from the Beijing region contained higher concentrations of total phenolic acids than those from the Hangzhou and Guangzhou regions. The results indicated that the phenolic acid content in the seven vegetables appeared to be species-dependent. The highest content of phenolic acids was found in daylily, followed by green soy bean, while the least amounts were identified in kidney bean and hyacinth bean. Typically, phenolic acids are predominantly found in conjugated forms. Principle component analysis (PCA) revealed some key compounds that differentiated the seven vegetables. Green soy bean, compared to the other six vegetables, was characterized by higher levels of syringic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, and sinapic acid. Other compounds, particularly p-coumaric acid, neochlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid, exhibited significantly higher concentrations in daylily. In addition, p-coumaric acid was the characteristic substance in cow pea. Results from this study can contribute to the development of vegetables with specific phytochemicals and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian Dist., Beijing 100097, China.
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian Dist., Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Shuai Ma
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian Dist., Beijing 100097, China.
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian Dist., Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian Dist., Beijing 100097, China.
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian Dist., Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Xiao-Yuan Feng
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian Dist., Beijing 100097, China.
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian Dist., Beijing 100097, China.
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Ayoub HM, McDonald MR, Sullivan JA, Tsao R, Platt M, Simpson J, Meckling KA. The Effect of Anthocyanin-Rich Purple Vegetable Diets on Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Zucker Rats. J Med Food 2017; 20:1240-1249. [PMID: 28956702 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of highly colored fruits and vegetables rich in anthocyanins has been associated with numerous health benefits. Purple carrots (PC) and purple potatoes (PP) have higher anthocyanin concentrations and higher biological activities compared with less pigmented cultivars. We hypothesized that substitution of the majority of carbohydrate in a high fat diet with PP or PC, for 8 weeks, would improve insulin resistance and hypertension, major components of metabolic syndrome, compared with orange carrots (OC), white potatoes (WP) or a control, high fat, sucrose-rich diet (HFD) in obese Zucker rats. After 8 weeks of feeding, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ipITT), and invasive hemodynamic tests were performed. The PP group had better glucose tolerance compared with the WP and the HFD groups and higher insulin sensitivity as measured by the ipITT and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (P = .018) compared with the HFD without having any effect on blood pressure. The PC reduced left ventricular pressure compared with both the HFD (P = .01) and the OC (P = .049) groups and reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared with the HFD group (P = .01 and <.0001, respectively) without having any effect on glucose homeostasis. The PC animals consumed more and were more obese than other groups, possibly obscuring any benefit of this vegetable on glucose tolerance. The bioactives in the vegetables responsible for blood pressure and glucose homeostasis could be different, and their effects could be independent of each other. The specific bioactives of each vegetable and their molecular targets remain to be identified. Nonetheless, incorporation of purple vegetables in functional food products may provide metabolic/cardiovascular benefits in the background of a high-fat diet that promotes obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala M Ayoub
- 1 Department of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Canada
| | - Mary Ruth McDonald
- 2 Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph , Guelph, Canada
| | | | - Rong Tsao
- 3 Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Guelph, Canada
| | - Mathew Platt
- 1 Department of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Canada
| | - Jeremy Simpson
- 1 Department of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Canada
| | - Kelly A Meckling
- 1 Department of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Canada
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Black carrot ( Daucus carota L.), dietary and health promoting perspectives of its polyphenols: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gómez M, Martinez MM. Fruit and vegetable by-products as novel ingredients to improve the nutritional quality of baked goods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2119-2135. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1305946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gómez
- Food Technology Area, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Valladolid, Palencia, Spain
| | - Mario M. Martinez
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Bocharova O, Bocharova M. Forecasting and evaluating antioxidant properties of fruit, and vegetable, juices using polarization curves. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Bocharova
- Odessa National Academy of Food Technology, Kanatnaya Str. 112; Odessa 65039 Ukraine
| | - Maiia Bocharova
- Odessa National Economic University, Preobrajenskaya Str. 8; Odessa 65000 Ukraine
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Ferrario M, Guerrero S, Char C. Optimisation of minimal processing variables to preserve the functional quality and colour of carrot juice by means of the response surface methodology. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ferrario
- Departamento de Industrias; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Intendente Güiraldes 2160 Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Sandra Guerrero
- Departamento de Industrias; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Intendente Güiraldes 2160 Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Cielo Char
- Departamento de Agroindustria y Enología; Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas; Universidad de Chile; P.O. Box 1004 Av. Santa Rosa Santiago La Pintana 11315 Chile
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Pleissner D, Qi Q, Gao C, Rivero CP, Webb C, Lin CSK, Venus J. Valorization of organic residues for the production of added value chemicals: A contribution to the bio-based economy. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Hernández-Carranza P, Ruiz-López II, Pacheco-Aguirre FM, Guerrero-Beltrán JÁ, Ávila-Sosa R, Ochoa-Velasco CE. Ultraviolet-C light effect on physicochemical, bioactive, microbiological, and sensorial characteristics of carrot (Daucus carota) beverages. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016; 22:536-46. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013216631646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet-C light on physicochemical, bioactive, microbial, and sensory characteristics of carrot beverages. Beverages were formulated with different concentrations of carrot juice (60, 80, and 100% [v/v]) and treated with ultraviolet-C light at different flow rates (0, 0.5, 3.9, and 7.9 mL s−1) and times (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min), equivalent to ultraviolet-C dosages of 13.2, 26.4, 39.6, 52.8, and 79.2 J cm−2. Total soluble solids, pH, and titratable acidity were not affected by the ultraviolet-C light treatment. Ultraviolet-C light significantly affected ( p < 0.05) color parameters of pure juice; however, at low concentration of juice, total color change was slightly affected ( ΔE = 2.0 ± 0.7). Phenolic compounds (4.1 ± 0.1, 5.2 ± 0.2, and 8.6 ± 0.3 mg of GAE 100 mL−1 of beverage with 60, 80, and 100% of juice, respectively) and antioxidant capacity (6.1 ± 0.4, 8.5 ± 0.4, and 9.4 ± 0.3 mg of Trolox 100 mL−1 of beverage with 60, 80, and 100% of juice, respectively) of carrot beverages were not affected by ultraviolet-C light treatment. Microbial kinetics showed that mesophiles were mostly reduced at high flow rates in carrot beverages with 60% of juice. Maximum logarithmic reductions for mesophiles and total coliforms were 3.2 ± 0.1 and 2.6 ± 0.1, respectively, after 30 min of ultraviolet-C light processing. Beverages were well accepted (6–7) by judges who did not perceive the difference between untreated and Ultraviolet-C light treated beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Hernández-Carranza
- Food Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Irving Israel Ruiz-López
- Food Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - José Ángel Guerrero-Beltrán
- Chemical, Food and Environmental Engineering Department, Universidad de las Américas, Puebla, Cholula, Mexico
| | - Raúl Ávila-Sosa
- Biochemistry-Food Department, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla, Mexico
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