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Jiao J, Liu Z, Zheng Y, Liu J. A novel application of
Monascus
purpureus
in semi‐soft cheese making. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingkai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd Shanghai China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd Shanghai China
| | - Yuanrong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd Shanghai China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd Shanghai China
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2
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Zareian M, Oskoueian E, Majdinasab M, Forghani B. Production of GABA-enriched idli with ACE inhibitory and antioxidant properties using Aspergillus oryzae: the antihypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Funct 2020; 11:4304-4313. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02854d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop a fermented food (idli) with enhanced γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties using a GABA-producing fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Zareian
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Ehsan Oskoueian
- Mashhad Branch
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII)
- Agricultural Research
- Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO)
- Mashhad
| | - Marjan Majdinasab
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- College of Agriculture
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Bita Forghani
- Division of Food and Nutrition Sciences
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Göteborg
- Sweden
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Ramesh C, Vinithkumar NV, Kirubagaran R, Venil CK, Dufossé L. Multifaceted Applications of Microbial Pigments: Current Knowledge, Challenges and Future Directions for Public Health Implications. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7070186. [PMID: 31261756 PMCID: PMC6680428 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7070186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial oddities such as versatile pigments are gaining more attention in current research due to their widely perceived applications as natural food colorants, textiles, antimicrobial activities, and cytotoxic activities. This indicates that the future generation will depend on microbial pigments over synthetic colorants for sustainable livelihood. Although several reviews have detailed the comprehensive applications of microbial pigments extensively, knowledge on several aspects of pigmented microbes is apparently missing and not properly reviewed anywhere. Thus, this review has been made to provide overall knowledge on biodiversity, distribution, pathogenicity, and ecological and industrial applications of microbial pigments as well as their challenges and future directions for food, industrial, and biomedical applications. Meticulously, this compendious review treatise on the pigments from bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and microalgae includes reports from the 1970s to 2018. A total of 261 pigment compounds produced by about 500 different microbial species are included, and their bioactive nature is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatragadda Ramesh
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), NCCR Field Office, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Mandapam Camp, TN 623519, India.
- Atal Centre for Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, ESSO-NIOT, Dollygunj, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands 744103, India.
| | - Nambali Valsalan Vinithkumar
- Atal Centre for Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, ESSO-NIOT, Dollygunj, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands 744103, India
| | - Ramalingam Kirubagaran
- Marine Biotechnology Group, ESSO-National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Ministry of Earth Sciences (Govt. of India), Chennai, TN 600100, India
| | | | - Laurent Dufossé
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments-LCSNSA EA 2212, Université de La Réunion, ESIROI Agroalimentaire, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, F-97744 Saint-Denis Cedex 9, Ile de La Réunion, France.
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Protective and antioxidative effect of rubropunctatin against oxidative protein damage induced by metal catalyzed reaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:409-416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cheng CF, Pan TM. Monascus-fermented red mold dioscorea protects mice against alcohol-induced liver injury, whereas its metabolites ankaflavin and monascin regulate ethanol-induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1 expression in HepG2 cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1889-1898. [PMID: 28902410 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic hepatitis is a necroinflammatory process that is associated with fibrosis and leads to cirrhosis in 40% of cases. The hepatoprotective effects of red mold dioscorea (RMD) from Monascus purpureus NTU 568 were evaluated in vivo using a mouse model of chronic alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD). RESULTS ALD mice were orally administered vehicle (ALD group) or vehicle plus 307.5, 615.0 or 1537.5 mg kg-1 (1 ×, 2 × and 5 ×) RMD for 5 weeks. RMD lowered serum leptin, hepatic total cholesterol, free fatty acid and hepatic triglyceride levels and increased serum adiponectin, hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzyme levels. Furthermore, ankaflavin (AK) and monascin (MS), metabolites of RMD fermented with M. purpureus 568, induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ expression and the concomitant suppression of ethanol-induced elevation of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1 and TG in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION These results indicate the hepatoprotective effect of Monascus-fermented RMD. Moreover, AK and MS were identified as the active constituents of RMD for the first time and were shown to protect against ethanol-induced liver damage. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Fu Cheng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhang B, Liu TX, Wang AL, Li JJ, Wang X, Luan N, Ji LL, Shang XY. Four new monacolin analogs from Monascus purpureus-fermented rice. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2018; 20:209-216. [PMID: 29115147 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1396978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Four new monacolin analogs, monacolin T (1), monacolin U (2) 6a-O-methyl-4,6-dihydromonacolin L (3), and 6a-O-ethyl-4,6-dihydromonacolin L (4) were isolated from the ethanolic extract of Monascus purpureus-fermented rice. Their structures were determined by a combination of 1D, 2D NMR experiments (1H-1HCOSY, HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY), and mass spectrometry. In vitro cytotoxic assay, all compounds were inactive at the concentration of 10 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- a Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods , Beijing Union University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Tian-Xi Liu
- b Nephrology Department , The First Hospital of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - A-Li Wang
- a Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods , Beijing Union University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Jin-Jie Li
- a Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods , Beijing Union University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Xin Wang
- a Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods , Beijing Union University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Na Luan
- a Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods , Beijing Union University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Lin-Lin Ji
- a Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods , Beijing Union University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Xiao-Ya Shang
- a Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods , Beijing Union University , Beijing 100191 , China
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Kurokawa H, Ito H, Matsui H. Monascus purpureus induced apoptosis on gastric cancer cell by scavenging mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2017; 61:189-195. [PMID: 29203960 PMCID: PMC5703783 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monascus purpureus is a red dye derived from yeast rice and has been used as color additives for food in East Asia. Monascus purpureus consists of several bioactive components. Some of these components work as a radical scavenger, thus monascus purpureus would also eliminate reactive oxygen species. Cancer cells maintain the high level of reactive oxygen species than normal cell and are death by imbalance in pro-oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis. In this study, we investigated whether monascus purpureus induced cancer specific cell death by scavenging reactive oxygen species. Compared to normal cell, monascus purpureus had cancer specific cytotoxicity. Monascus purpureus and lovastatin, its component, scavenged free radicals caused by a xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, thus Monascus purpureus is likely to scavenge reactive oxygen species by a synergistic effect between lovastatin and other components. Monascus purpureus also decreased reactive oxygen species derived from mitochondria in cancer cells, and cellular apoptosis was induced via activation of caspase-9. Induction of apoptosis by reduction of reactive oxygen species generation decreased acid ceramidase, and this mechanism could be involved with increasing ceramide accumulation in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kurokawa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsui
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Wang YR, Liu SF, Shen YC, Chen CL, Huang CN, Pan TM, Wang CK. A randomized, double-blind clinical study to determine the effect of ANKASCIN 568 plus on blood glucose regulation. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:409-416. [PMID: 28911684 PMCID: PMC9332536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the fourth major cause of death in Taiwan. High blood glucose can lead to macrovascular diseases,small vessel diseases (retinopathy, kidney disease), and neuropathy. This study aimed to investigate whether Monascus-fermented products (ANKASCIN 568 plus) can regulate blood glucose and blood lipids. This study enrolled 39 patients with a fasting blood glucose level between 100 mg/dL and 180 mg/dL, and a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of <9%. All patients were randomly divided into placebo (n = 20) and experimental (n = 19) groups. Each patient received two placebo capsules (maltodextrin) or ANKASCIN 568 plus capsules daily for 12 weeks. The patients were screened during follow-up 4 weeks after the administration of sample or placebo had been discontinued. Blood and urine samples were collected at the initial, 6th week, 12th week, and 16th week. The anthropometric indicators of blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose level, postprandial plasma glucose level, insulin level, insulin resistance, blood lipid changes, and liver, kidney, and thyroid function indices were measured. After 6weeks, changes in fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),and total cholesterol (TC) levels showed thatANKASCIN568 plus had amore favorable effect than the placebo. Compared to baseline, a statistically significant decrease of 8.5%, 10.3%, and 7.5% was observed in fasting blood glucose, LDL-C and, TC levels, respectively (p < 0.05 for all pairs). Therefore, ANKASCIN568 plus produced by Monascus purpureus NTU 568 fermentation may be a potentially useful agent for the regulation of blood glucose and blood lipids and for treatment of coronary artery diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ruei Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fu Liu
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Shen
- School of Health and Diet Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan
| | - Chien-Li Chen
- Department of Research and Development Division, SunWay Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Chine-Ning Huang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan
- Corresponding authors. Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Number 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. E-mail address: (T.-M. Pan)
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan
- Corresponding authors. Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Number 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. E-mail address: (T.-M. Pan)
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan
- Corresponding authors. Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Number 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. E-mail address: (T.-M. Pan)
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Vijaya Abinaya R, Pichiah PBT, Sara Thomas S, Kim SG, Han DW, Song YS, Oh SH, Cha YS. γ-amino butyric acid-enriched barley bran lowers adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone levels in immobilized stressed rats. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Vijaya Abinaya
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Chonbuk National University; Jeonbuk 561-756, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Pichiah Balasubramanian Tirupathi Pichiah
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Chonbuk National University; Jeonbuk 561-756, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Shalom Sara Thomas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Chonbuk National University; Jeonbuk 561-756, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Gon Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology; Woosuk University; Jeonbuk 561-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Won Han
- Department of industrialization; Jeonbuk Institute for Food-Bioindustry, 111-18, Wonjangdong-gil, Deokjin-gu, Jeollabuk-do; Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Song
- Department of industrialization; Jeonbuk Institute for Food-Bioindustry, 111-18, Wonjangdong-gil, Deokjin-gu, Jeollabuk-do; Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Heung Oh
- Department of Food and Biotechnology; Woosuk University; Jeonbuk 561-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Chonbuk National University; Jeonbuk 561-756, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju Republic of Korea
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Tseng WT, Hsu YW, Pan TM. Dimerumic Acid and Deferricoprogen Activate Ak Mouse Strain Thymoma/Heme Oxygenase-1 Pathways and Prevent Apoptotic Cell Death in 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced SH-SY5Y Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5995-6002. [PMID: 27431098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, which can be modeled using the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to generate oxidative stress. Here, we studied the effects of the antioxidants deferricoprogen (DFC) and dimerumic acid (DMA), produced by rice fermented with Monascus purpureus NTU 568, on 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells and their potential protective mechanisms. DMA and DFC inhibited 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Molecular analysis demonstrated associated upregulation of the Ak mouse strain thymoma (Akt), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways along with inhibited phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 pathways and altered homodimeric glycoprotein, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and immunoglobulin Fc receptor gene expression. These results suggested that the neuroprotection elicited by DMA and DFC against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity was associated with the Akt, MAPK, and HO-1 pathways via regulating the gene expression of NMDA receptor, homodimeric glycoprotein, and immunoglobulin Fc receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Tseng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Hsu
- SunWay Biotechnology Company , No. 139, Xing'ai Road, Taipei 11494, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- SunWay Biotechnology Company , No. 139, Xing'ai Road, Taipei 11494, Taiwan
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Tseng WT, Hsu YW, Pan TM. Neuroprotective effects of dimerumic acid and deferricoprogen from Monascus purpureus NTU 568-fermented rice against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in differentiated pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1434-1444. [PMID: 26794209 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1104698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Oxidative stress plays a key role in neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Rice fermented with Monascus purpureus Went (Monascaceae) NTU 568 (red mould rice) was found to contain antioxidants, including dimerumic acid (DMA) and deferricoprogen (DFC). Objective The effects of DMA and DFC on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cytotoxicity and potential protective mechanisms in differentiated PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells were investigated. Materials and methods DMA (0-60 μM) or DFC (0-10 μM) was co-treated with 6-OHDA (200 μM, 24 h exposure) in differentiated PC-12 cells. Cell viability and intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis was determined by DNA fragmentation analysis and propidium iodide staining by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to measure the levels of cell protein expression. Results DMA and DFC significantly increased cell viability to 72% and 81% in 6-OHDA-induced differentiated PC-12 cell cultures, respectively. Furthermore, DMA and DFC reduced 6-OHDA-induced formation of extracellular and intercellular ROS by 25% and 20%, respectively, and decreased NADPH oxidase-2 expression in differentiated PC-12 cells. DMA and DFC inhibited 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis and decreased activation of caspase-3 via regulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and Bcl-2 protein expression in differentiated PC-12 cells. Conclusion DMA and DFC may protect against 6-OHDA toxicity by inhibiting ROS formation and apoptosis. These results showed that the metabolites from M. purpureus NTU 568 fermentation were potential therapeutic agents for PD induced by oxidative damage and should be encouraged for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Tseng
- a Department of Biochemical Science and Technology , College of Life Science, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Hsu
- b SunWay Biotechnology Company , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- a Department of Biochemical Science and Technology , College of Life Science, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
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Microbiota associated with the starter cultures and brewing process of traditional Hong Qu glutinous rice wine. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:649-658. [PMID: 30263319 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hong Qu glutinous rice wine (produced mainly in Fujian province, China) is a traditional alcoholic beverage, which is prepared by fermenting cooked rice using a starter containing Monascus purpureus. In this review, the microbial diversity of fermentation starters from Fujian province, including fungi, bacteria, and yeast, is analyzed in comparison with those of "nuruk" (a traditional starter for making alcoholic beverages in Korea). The bacterial organization of Hong Qu starters was vastly variable in species composition and dominated by Bacillus sp. Lactic acid bacteria were also found in some starters. In case of fungi, Monascus sp. was dominant, whereas non-Saccharomyces yeast such as Saccharomycopsis fibuligera was detected. The microorganisms found in the nuruk starter are, in general, not significantly diverse compared with those found in the Hong Qu starter, with the exception of Monascus sp.; however, Hong Qu and nuruk both contain their own unique microbiota, which are quite diverse from each other.
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Sun H, Wu Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Yao X, Tang J. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Red Yeast Rice on Laying Performance, Egg Quality and Serum Traits of Laying Hens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.4059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Tseng WT, Hsu YW, Pan TM. The ameliorative effect of Monascus purpureus NTU 568-fermented rice extracts on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and the rat model of Parkinson's disease. Food Funct 2016; 7:752-762. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00976f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
TheMonascus purpureusNTU 568-fermented rice extract contains antioxidants DMA and DFC, and it could reduce behavioral, neuronal, and biochemical characteristics in 6-OHDA-lesion rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Tseng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology
- College of Life Science
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Hsu
- SunWay Biotechnology Company
- Taipei 11494
- Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology
- College of Life Science
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
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Chen CL, Pan TM. Effects of red mold dioscorea with pioglitazone, a potentially functional food, in the treatment of diabetes. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:719-728. [PMID: 28911488 PMCID: PMC9345458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Lee BH, Lai YS, Wu SC. Antioxidation, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity, nattokinase, and antihypertension of Bacillus subtilis (natto)-fermented pigeon pea. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:750-757. [PMID: 28911492 PMCID: PMC9345443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the high incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Asian countries, traditional fermented foods from Asia have been increasingly investigated for antiatherosclerotic effects. This study investigated the production of nattokinase, a serine fibrinolytic enzyme, in pigeon pea by Bacillus subtilis fermentation. B. subtilis 14714, B. subtilis 14715, B. subtilis 14716, and B. subtilis 14718 were employed to produce nattokinase. The highest nattokinase activity in pigeon pea was obtained using B. subtilis 14715 fermentation for 32 hours. In addition, the levels of antioxidants (phenolics and flavonoids) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity were increased in B. subtilis 14715-fermented pigeon pea, compared with those in nonfermented pigeon pea. In an animal model, we found that both water extracts of pigeon pea (100 mg/kg body weight) and water extracts of B. subtilis-fermented pigeon pea (100 mg/kg body weight) significantly improved systolic blood pressure (21 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (30 mmHg) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. These results suggest that Bacillus-fermented pigeon pea has benefits for cardiovascular health and can be developed as a new dietary supplement or functional food that prevents hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Hong Lee
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Science, National Chiayi University, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal Plant Development, Yupintang Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundation, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Syuan Lai
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Science, National Chiayi University, Taiwan
| | - She-Ching Wu
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Science, National Chiayi University, Taiwan.
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Wang Y, Liu M, Zhao L, Qiu Y, Zhuang Y. Influence of processing conditions on reducing γ-aminobutyric acid content during fortified milk production. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Li YP, Tang X, Wu W, Xu Y, Huang ZB, He QH. The ctnG gene encodes carbonic anhydrase involved in mycotoxin citrinin biosynthesis from Monascus aurantiacus. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 32:577-83. [PMID: 25482072 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.990993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Citrinin, a fungal secondary metabolite of polyketide origin, is moderately nephrotoxic to vertebrates, including humans. Citrinin is synthesised by condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. Six genes involved in the citrinin biosynthesis, including pksCT, ctnA and ctnB, have been cloned in Monascus purpureus. The pksCT gene encodes a polyketide synthase; ctnA is a regulatory factor; and ctnB encodes an oxidoreductase. When the three genes were respectively disrupted, the disruption strains drastically decreased citrinin production or barely produced citrinin. Ten new genes have been discovered in Monascus aurantiacus besides the above six genes. One of these gene displayed the highest similarity to the β-carbonic anhydrase gene from Aspergillus oryzae (74% similarity) and was designated ctnG. To learn more about the citrinin biosynthetic pathway, a ctnG-replacement vector was constructed to disrupt ctnG with the hygromycin resistance gene as the selection marker, then transformed into M. aurantiacus Li AS3.4384 by a protoplast-PEG method. The citrinin content of three disruptants was reduced to about 50%, meanwhile pigment production decreased by 23%, respectively, over those of the wild-type strains. ctnG was deduced to be involved in the formation of malonyl-CoA as a common precursor of red pigments and citrinin. Therefore, the disruption of the ctnG gene decreased citrinin and pigment production. M. aurantiacus Li AS3.4384 can produce higher concentrations of citrinin than other strains such as M. purpureus and M. ruber. Establishing the function of citrinin biosynthetic genes in M. aurantiacus is helpful in understanding the citrinin synthetic pathway and adopting some strategies to control contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047 , China
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Moon E, Lee SO, Kang TH, Kim HJ, Choi SZ, Son MW, Kim SY. Dioscorea Extract (DA-9801) Modulates Markers of Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:445-52. [PMID: 25414776 PMCID: PMC4201231 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of DA-9801, an optimized extract of Dioscorea species, on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in a type 2 diabetic animal model. In this study, db/db mice were treated with DA-9801 (30 and 100 mg/kg, daily, p.o.) for 12 weeks. DA-9801 reduced the blood glucose levels and increased the withdrawal latencies in hot plate tests. Moreover, it prevented nerve damage based on increased nerve conduction velocity and ultrastructural changes. Decrease of nerve growth factor (NGF) may have a detrimental effect on diabetic neuropathy. We previously reported NGF regulatory properties of the Dioscorea genus. In this study, DA-9801 induced NGF production in rat primary astrocytes. In addition, it increased NGF levels in the sciatic nerve and the plasma of type 2 diabetic animals. DA-9801 also increased neurite outgrowth and mRNA expression of Tieg1/Klf10, an NGF target gene, in PC12 cells. These results demonstrated the attenuation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy by oral treatment with DA-9801 via NGF regulation. DA-9801 is currently being evaluated in a phase II clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799
| | - Sung Ok Lee
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, Yongin 446-701
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, Yongin 446-701
| | | | | | | | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799 ; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
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Safety and mutagenicity evaluation of red mold dioscorea fermented from Monascus purpureus NTU 568. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 67:161-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Li YP, Pan YF, Zou LH, Xu Y, Huang ZB, He QH. Lower citrinin production by gene disruption of ctnB involved in citrinin biosynthesis in Monascus aurantiacus Li AS3.4384. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:7397-7402. [PMID: 23841779 DOI: 10.1021/jf400879s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The filamentous fungi Monascus spp. have been used in the production of food colorants and health remedies for more than 1000 years in Asia. However, greater attention has been given to the safety of Monascus products because they contain citrinin, which is harmful to the hepatic and renal systems. The citrinin biosynthetic gene cluster has been characterized in Monasucs aurantiacus . The ctnB gene encoding an oxidoreductase is located between pksCT and ctnA. In this study, a ctnB replacement vector (pCTNB-HPH) was constructed to disrupt the ctnB gene with a hygromycin resistance gene as the selection marker. The linear vector was transformed into M. aurantiacus using the protoplast CaCl2/polyethylene glycol (PEG) method. Three ctnB-disrupted strains were obtained by homologous recombination. In comparison to the parental strain, the ΔctnB mutants barely produced citrinin. These data confirmed that the ctnB gene is directly involved in citrinin biosynthesis. Moreover, the yields of the pigments of two disruptants were similar to that of the wild-type strain, but the yield of another mutant was slightly higher than that of the latter strain. These results indicate that the production of the mycotoxin citrinin was successfully eliminated through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China.
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Red mold dioscorea decreases blood pressure when administered alone or with amlodipine and is a potentially safe functional food in SHR and WKY rats. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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23
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Shimajiri Y, Oonishi T, Ozaki K, Kainou K, Akama K. Genetic manipulation of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt in rice: overexpression of truncated glutamate decarboxylase (GAD2) and knockdown of γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T) lead to sustained and high levels of GABA accumulation in rice kernels. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 11:594-604. [PMID: 23421475 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid commonly present in all organisms. Because cellular levels of GABA in plants are mainly regulated by synthesis (glutamate decarboxylase, GAD) and catabolism (GABA-transaminase, GABA-T), we attempted seed-specific manipulation of the GABA shunt to achieve stable GABA accumulation in rice. A truncated GAD2 sequence, one of five GAD genes, controlled by the glutelin (GluB-1) or rice embryo globulin promoters (REG) and GABA-T-based trigger sequences in RNA interference (RNAi) cassettes controlled by one of these promoters as well, was introduced into rice (cv. Koshihikari) to establish stable transgenic lines under herbicide selection using pyriminobac. T₁ and T₂ generations of rice lines displayed high GABA concentrations (2-100 mg/100 g grain). In analyses of two selected lines from the T₃ generation, there was a strong correlation between GABA level and the expression of truncated GAD2, whereas the inhibitory effect of GABA-T expression was relatively weak. In these two lines both with two T-DNA copies, their starch, amylose, and protein levels were slightly lower than non-transformed cv. Koshihikari. Free amino acid analysis of mature kernels of these lines demonstrated elevated levels of GABA (75-350 mg/100 g polished rice) and also high levels of several amino acids, such as Ala, Ser, and Val. Because these lines of seeds could sustain their GABA content after harvest (up to 6 months), the strategy in this study could lead to the accumulation GABA and for these to be sustained in the edible parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuka Shimajiri
- Department of Biological Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
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Lee BH, Pan TM. Dimerumic acid, a novel antioxidant identified from Monascus-fermented products exerts chemoprotective effects: Mini review. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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25
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Blood-pressure-lowering effect of fermented buckwheat sprouts in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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26
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Hsu LC, Hsu YW, Liang YH, Lin ZH, Kuo YH, Pan TM. Protective effect of deferricoprogen isolated from Monascus purpureus NTU 568 on citrinin-induced apoptosis in HEK-293 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:7880-7885. [PMID: 22835031 DOI: 10.1021/jf301889q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Monascus species have traditionally been used in Asian food, with rice as their fermentation substrate. Red mold rice (RMR) contains citrinin, a nephrotoxic agent capable of exerting oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis. We investigated the components in RMR that could minimize the adverse effects of citrinin. Combining chemical separations and bioactivity assays, we identified an antioxidative component called deferricoprogen (DFC) in the fermented rice of Monascus purpureus NTU 568. The DFC structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectra analysis. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical-scavenging activity of DFC was similar to that of vitamin E. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometric analysis showed the effect of DFC and citrinin on cell viability and cell cycle. DFC was found to be protective against the cytotoxicity and cell death induced by citrinin on human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells. DFC also demonstrated anti-apoptotic property in preventing citrinin-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Tseng KC, Fang TJ, Chiang SS, Liu CF, Wu CL, Pan TM. Immunomodulatory activities and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides from Monascus-fermented products in vitro. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:1483-1489. [PMID: 22144071 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monascus-fermented products have featured in Chinese cuisine for thousands of years and are widely used as food colourants and dietary materials in many Asian countries. Rice and dioscorea fermented with Monascus purpureus NTU 568 have health-promoting attributes in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from red mould rice (RMRP) and red mould dioscorea (RMDP) in Raw 264.7 cells. RESULTS The results showed the antioxidant capabilities (including scavenging, chelating, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and reducing power) of RMRP and RMDP at a concentration of 10 mg mL(-1). RMRP and RMDP also stimulated cell proliferation, nitric oxide production, phagocytosis and cytokine production (including IL1-β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in Raw 264.7 cells. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that RMRP and RMDP have antioxidant and immunomodulation potential to be developed as novel dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chuan Tseng
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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28
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Lee BH, Pan TM. Benefit of Monascus-fermented products for hypertension prevention: a review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:1151-61. [PMID: 22526810 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been reported to play a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system thereby exerting an inhibition in nerve impulse, in turn ameliorating depression; in addition, recent study also reveals the anti-hypertensive effect of GABA in vivo. Edible fungi of the Monascus species have been used as traditional Chinese medicine in eastern Asia for several centuries. Monascus-fermented products possess a number of functional secondary metabolites, including anti-inflammatory pigments (such as monascin and ankaflavin), monacolins, dimerumic acid, and GABA. Several scientific studies have shown that these secondary metabolites have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-tumor activities. Moreover, many published reports have shown the efficacy of Monascus-fermented products in the prevention or amelioration of some diseases, including hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, Alzheimer's disease, and numerous types of cancer in recent studies. The current article discusses and provides evidence to elucidate the anti-hypertensive benefit of Monascus-fermented metabolites, including anti-inflammatory pigments and GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Hong Lee
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Shi YC, Pan TM. Red mold, diabetes, and oxidative stress: a review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:47-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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30
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Hsu WH, Lee BH, Lu IJ, Pan TM. Ankaflavin and monascin regulate endothelial adhesion molecules and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1666-1672. [PMID: 22280454 DOI: 10.1021/jf204327c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have established that red mold rice can regulate blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and that Monascus -fermented products, including monacolin K, ankaflavin (AF), and monascin (MS), can inhibit expression of adhesion factors such as E-selectin and endothelin-1 to prevent human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 monocytes from adhering to human aortic endothelial cells. However, it remains unknown whether AF and MS act directly on human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) to enhance nitric oxide (NO) synthesis through the stimulation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression. To address this knowledge gap, this study investigated whether AF and MS directly regulate NO synthesis and attenuate adhesion factor expression induced by treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in HUVECs. The results revealed that both AF and MS (20 μM) treatments promoted increases in eNOS expression and decreases in vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, and endothelin-1 mRNA and protein expression resulting from 12 h of TNF-α treatment. These effects are attributed to the ability of AF and MS to inhibit extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, thereby exerting antihypertensive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Hsu WH, Lee BH, Liao TH, Hsu YW, Pan TM. Monascus-fermented metabolite monascin suppresses inflammation via PPAR-γ regulation and JNK inactivation in THP-1 monocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1178-86. [PMID: 22381257 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fermentation products of the fungus Monascus offer valuable therapeutic benefits and have been used extensively for centuries in Asia. The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of the Monascus-fermented metabolite monascin (MS) on the molecular mechanism of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced inflammation in the human THP-1 monocyte cell line. We found that 1, 5, and 25 μM of MS significantly attenuated several proinflammatory mediators, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression as well as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) formation caused by OVA stimulation. Further, 5 and 25 μM of MS significantly reduced the generation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) at both the protein and mRNA levels. MS (5 and 25 μM) decreased OVA-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK), but not that of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or p38 kinase. We used the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) antagonist GW9662 to show that MS inhibit JNK phosphorylation through increased expression of PPAR-γ. Thus, the metabolites from Monascus fermentation may serve as a dietary source of anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Monascus purpureus-fermented products and oral cancer: a review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 93:1831-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hsu LC, Hsu YW, Liang YH, Liaw CC, Kuo YH, Pan TM. Induction of apoptosis in human breast adenocarcinoma cells MCF-7 by monapurpyridine A, a new azaphilone derivative from Monascus purpureus NTU 568. Molecules 2012; 17:664-73. [PMID: 22237681 PMCID: PMC6268682 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17010664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new azaphilonidal derivative, monapurpyridine A (MPA), has recently been isolated from the fermented products of Monascus purpureus NTU 568. The structure of MPA was elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) and other spectroscopic analyses. Biological evaluation revealed that MPA could induce cell death in human breast adenocarcinoma cells MCF-7, and it has no significant toxicity to normal mammary epithelial cells M10. The MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis were employed to investigate cell viability and cell cycle influenced by MPA. Moreover, we used Western blot and caspase activity assay to demonstrate the activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9 resulted from MPA. All evidence supported that MPA was suitable for developing into a chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agent against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Division of Herbal Drugs and Natural Products, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Hsu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Division of Herbal Drugs and Natural Products, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Liang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Division of Herbal Drugs and Natural Products, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Liaw
- Division of Herbal Drugs and Natural Products, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- Division of Herbal Drugs and Natural Products, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (Y.-H.K.); (T.-M.P.); Tel.: +886-2-2820-1999 ext. 7061 (Y.-H.K.); Fax: +886-2-2823-6150 (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +886-2-3366-4519 ext. 10 (T.-M.P.); Fax: +886-2-3366-3838 (T.-M.P.)
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (Y.-H.K.); (T.-M.P.); Tel.: +886-2-2820-1999 ext. 7061 (Y.-H.K.); Fax: +886-2-2823-6150 (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +886-2-3366-4519 ext. 10 (T.-M.P.); Fax: +886-2-3366-3838 (T.-M.P.)
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Tung YT, Lee BH, Liu CF, Pan TM. Optimization of culture condition for ACEI and GABA production by lactic acid bacteria. J Food Sci 2011; 76:M585-91. [PMID: 22416709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) are compounds which can influence hypertension. The goal of this study is to optimize the culture condition for GABA and ACEI production by Lactobacillus plantarum NTU 102 fermented skim milk. In this study, we used 3-factor-3-level Box-Behnken design combining with response surface methodology, where the 3 factors represent the concentration of skim milk, the concentration of monosodium glutamate, and culture temperature. Best conditions for GABA and ACEI production differed. The results indicated that L. plantarum NTU 102 produced the highest combined levels of GABA and ACEI at 37 °C, in milk having 8% to 12% nonfat solids supplemented with 0.6% to 1% MSG. Agitation of the medium during fermentation had no effect on GABA or ACEI production but extended incubation (up to 6 d) increases levels of the bioactive compounds. L. plantarum NTU 102 fermented products may be a potential functional food source for regulating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Tung
- Dept. of Biochemical Science & Technology, College of Life Science, Natl. Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan
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35
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The Monascus metabolite monascin against TNF-α-induced insulin resistance via suppressing PPAR-γ phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2609-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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36
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Chiang SS, Chang SP, Pan TM. Osteoprotective effect of Monascus-fermented dioscorea in ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:9150-7. [PMID: 21800902 DOI: 10.1021/jf201640j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This experiment established the ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis and examined the effect of the oral administration of different dosages of dioscorea, red mold dioscorea (RMD), and soy isoflavones on bone mineral density (BMD). Three months after osteoporosis had been induced and 4 weeks after feeding had begun, the tibia and femur BMD of OVX rats administered RMD showed significant increases compared with that of all other groups of OVX rats. Closer examination using microcomputed tomography also revealed that the RMD-administered rats had denser trabecular bone volume and a higher trabecular number compared to all other rat groups. Reconstructed 3D imaging indicated increases in cancellous bone mineral content, cancellous bone mineral density, and cortical bone mineral content of the proximal tibia in OVX rats. These findings indicate that administration of monacolin K and phytoestrogen diosgenin could prevent bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Shih Chiang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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37
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Hsu YW, Hsu LC, Liang YH, Kuo YH, Pan TM. New bioactive orange pigments with yellow fluorescence from Monascus-fermented dioscorea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4512-8. [PMID: 21506577 DOI: 10.1021/jf1045987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Red mold dioscorea (RMD) is a fermented product of Monascus purpureus NTU 568 using dioscorea as culture substrate. To investigate the bioactive components of RMD, six orange pigments including four new azaphilones with yellow fluorescence, monapilol A-D (1-4), and known monascorubrin (5) and rubropunctatin (6) were isolated and characterized. Structural elucidation of new isolates was based on nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) and other spectroscopic analyses. The structures of monapilols (1-4) were similar to those of monascorubrin (5) and rubropunctatin (6); however, the hydroxyl group (8-OH) in compounds 1-4 substituted for the C-8 carbonyl in compounds 5 and 6. Biological evaluation indicated that compounds 1-4 inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 1-4 also exhibited antiproliferative activities against human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp-2) and human colon adenocarinoma (WiDr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Hsu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Liu CF, Tung YT, Wu CL, Lee BH, Hsu WH, Pan TM. Antihypertensive effects of Lactobacillus-fermented milk orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4537-4543. [PMID: 21446645 DOI: 10.1021/jf104985v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Products fermented with lactic acid bacteria may show antihypertensive effects via substances such as angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It was previously found that milk fermented with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 (101FM) or Lactobacillus plantarum NTU 102 (102FM) has ACEI and GABA activities. This study aimed to investigate the antihypertensive effects of 101FM and 102FM orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Eight hours after a single oral administration or after 8 weeks of weekly (chronic) administration, 101FM and 102FM significantly decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the SHRs. Microscopic examination of aortic tissue demonstrated that 101FM and 102FM reduced the disorganization of the media layer. These findings suggest that orally administered 101FM and 102FM have antihypertensive effects, possibly via ACEI and GABA activity, in SHRs. Therefore, 101FM and 102FM may be useful ingredients in physiologically functional foods to prevent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Feng Liu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Antihypertriglyceridemia and anti-inflammatory activities of monascus-fermented dioscorea in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2011:710635. [PMID: 21716679 PMCID: PMC3118455 DOI: 10.1155/2011/710635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The rice fermented by Monascus, called red mold rice (RMR), and has a long tradition in East Asia as a dietary staple. Monascus-fermented dioscorea called red mold dioscorea (RMD) contains various metabolites to perform the ability of reducing oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response. We used Wistar rats and induced diabetes by injecting streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg i.p.). RMD was administered daily starting six weeks after disease onset. Throughout the experimental period, significantly (P < .05) lowered plasma glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, free fatty acid and low density lipoprotein levels were observed in the RMD-treated groups. The RMD-treated diabetic rats showed higher activities of glutathione disulfide reductase, glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase (P < .05) in the pancreas compared with the diabetic control rats. RMD also inhibited diabetes-induced elevation in the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. Pancreatic β-cells damaged by STZ in the RMD supplemented groups were ameliorated. The results of this study clearly demonstrated that RMD possesses several treatment-oriented properties, including the control of hyperglycemia, antioxidant effects, pancreatic β-cell protection and anti-inflammatory effects. Considering these observations, it appears that RMD may be a useful supplement to delay the development of diabetes and its complications.
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Chuang CY, Shi YC, You HP, Lo YH, Pan TM. Antidepressant effect of GABA-rich monascus-fermented product on forced swimming rat model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:3027-3034. [PMID: 21375324 DOI: 10.1021/jf104239m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has several well-known physiological functions including antihypertension and antidepression. In this research, we focus on the antidepressant effects of oral administration of GABA-rich Monascus-fermented product in depression animal model (forced swimming test, FST) by Sprague-Dawley rats, and try to find its possible mechanism in the brain monoamine system. GABA and the Monascus-fermented product (MFP) significantly decreased the duration of immobility time in a short-term test. In a long-term test, the antidepressant-like effect of MFP was better than that of GABA at the same dosage (2.6 mg/kg), and the efficacy of MFP was similar to that of fluoxetine. Moreover, GABA might recover the level of monoamines norepinephrine, dopamine (DA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in hippocampus and normalize the turnover ratio of 5-HT and DA in hippocampus and amygdala. In addition to the functions of GABA, the MFP has more potential in decreasing the turnover ratio of DA in the frontal cortex and striatum to improve depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Chuang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shi YC, Pan TM. Beneficial effects of Monascus purpureus NTU 568-fermented products: a review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:1207-17. [PMID: 21455594 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Monascus-fermented products have been used in food, medicine, and industry dating back over a thousand years in Asian countries. Monascus-fermented products contained several bioactive metabolites such as pigments, polyketide monacolins, dimerumic acid, and γ-aminobutyric acid. Scientific reports showed that Monascus-fermented products proved to be effective for the management of blood cholesterol, diabetes, blood pressure, obesity, Alzheimer's disease, and prevention of cancer development. This review article describes the beneficial effects about using Monascus-fermented products in human beings and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeu-Ching Shi
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Hsu LC, Hsu YW, Liang YH, Kuo YH, Pan TM. Anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties of ankaflavin and monaphilone A from monascus purpureus NTU 568. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1124-1130. [PMID: 21261255 DOI: 10.1021/jf103652n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An azaphilonidal derivative monaphilone A (MA) was recently isolated from the fermented products of Monascus purpureus NTU 568 by our laboratory. We report here the exploration of apoptosis-related and anti-inflammatory properties of MA and ankaflavin (AK) by some experiments about inducing death of human laryngeal carcinoma cell line HEp-2 and reducing inflammatory responses on murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. We employed a ssDNA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to investigate the nuclear changes of early apoptosis induced by AK and MA on HEp-2 cells and used a western blot and an enzyme activity assay to demonstrate the activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 by MA and AK. Our studies revealed that AK and MA may decrease lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses, including nitrite productions and expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in RAW 264.7 cells. All evidence support that azaphilonidal derivatives from M. purpureus NTU 568, such as AK and MA, are suitable for the development of chemotherapy or chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Jou PC, Ho BY, Hsu YW, Pan TM. The effect of Monascus secondary polyketide metabolites, monascin and ankaflavin, on adipogenesis and lipolysis activity in 3T3-L1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:12703-12709. [PMID: 21080714 DOI: 10.1021/jf103121c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to investigate the effects of Monascus secondary metabolites, monascin (MS) and ankaflavin (AK), on cell proliferation, adipogenesis, lipolysis and heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (HR-LPL) in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. MS and AK inhibit the proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. At 8 μg/mL concentration MS inhibits proliferation for 80.5% after 48 h, whereas the value for AK is 69.2%. Adipogenesis is inhibited by MS and AK without dose-dependency. Triglyceride is decreased 37.1% and 41.1% respectively by treating 0.125 μg/mL MS and AK. Adipocyte-specific transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), C/EBPδ and C/EBPα mRNA levels are measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression of the four transcriptional factors analyzed (PPARγ, C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ and C/EBPα) is reduced at the initial and the middle period. At the later period, there is no effect on the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα by treating MS and AK. Furthermore, both MS and AK increase basal lipolysis of mature adipocytes by 113.2% and 278.3% upregulation, respectively. And both MS and AK reduce the activity of HR-LPL, by 45.3% and 58.1% reduction, respectively. This study reveals for the first time that Monascus secondary metabolites, MS and AK, can prevent the differentiation of preadipocyte and stimulate basal lipolysis of mature adipocytes, avoiding the accumulation of lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pey-Chyi Jou
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hsu YW, Hsu LC, Liang YH, Kuo YH, Pan TM. Monaphilones A-C, three new antiproliferative azaphilone derivatives from Monascus purpureus NTU 568. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8211-8216. [PMID: 20597545 DOI: 10.1021/jf100930j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Monascus purpureus NTU 568 was a mutant strain from M. purpureus HM105. The methanol extract of red mold rice fermented by this strain exhibited four major yellow pigment signals on HPLC profile. By repeated chemical chromatography methods, three new azaphilone derivatives, namely, monaphilone A (1), B (2) and C (3), along with the known pigments ankaflavin (4) and monascin (5), were isolated and characterized. Based on spectroscopic analyses, mainly 1D and 2D NMR data, the structures of compounds 1-3 were completely elucidated; in addition, 1-3 were determined to be new azaphilone structures, due to the decrease of carbon monoxide for producing a gamma-lactone ring, compared with other azaphilone derivatives. Biological evaluations showed that monaphilone A (1) and B (2) exhibited an antiproliferative effect against HEp-2 (human laryngeal carcinoma cell line) and WiDr (human colon adenocarcinoma cell line), and none of the five compounds had toxicity to normal human lung cell lines (WI-38 and MRC-5) at 70 muM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Biochemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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