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Gao Z, Liu Y, Huang Q, Li B, Ma T, Qin X, Zhao L, Sun Y, Xu Y. Effects of sepiolite and biochar on the photosynthetic and antioxidant systems of pakchoi under Cd and atrazine stress. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:897-904. [PMID: 36263769 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2133922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sepiolite and biochar effectively immobilize Cd and atrazine in vegetable soils. This study further investigated the effects of sepiolite and biochar on the photosynthetic and antioxidative defence systems of pakchoi under Cd and atrazine stress. The results showed that after adding sepiolite and biochar to contaminated soil, the chlorophyll content was restored and the photosynthetic rate increased, whereas the soluble sugar content of pakchoi decreased. In the antioxidant system of the plants, the activities of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase decreased, while the activity of catalase increased. The content of malondialdehyde, glutathione, and O2·- increased, but the content of H2O2 decreased. In general, remediation materials reduced the bioavailability of Cd and atrazine, reduced the stress on pakchoi, and restored and improved the rate of photosynthesis and function of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Gao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yetong Liu
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
| | - Boyan Li
- Agro-Ecological Environment Monitoring and Agricultural Products Quality Inspection Center of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiantian Ma
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Qin
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijie Zhao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuebing Sun
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingming Xu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
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Pacheco de Almeida Prado Bortolheiro F, de Almeida Silva M. Low doses of glyphosate can affect the nutrient composition of common beans depending on the sowing season. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148733. [PMID: 34217079 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate application, even in low doses, changes the nutrient composition of crops. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of low doses of glyphosate and the sowing season on the macronutrient and micronutrient contents of early cycle common beans. Two experiments were conducted in the field, namely one in the winter season and one in the wet season, using the early cycle common bean cultivar IAC Imperador. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design consisting of the application of low doses of glyphosate [0.0, 1.8, 7.2, 12.0, 36.0, 54.0, and 108.0 g acid equivalent (a.e.) ha-1] in the phenological stage V4 with four replications. Environmental conditions, such as air temperature, interfered with the response of early cycle common beans to low doses of glyphosate. In the winter season, doses of 7.2 g a.e. ha-1 and 36.0 g a.e. ha-1 increased the nutrient composition in the bean leaves, whereas only the Cu content increased in the grains by the dose of 1.8 g a.e. ha-1. In the wet season, there was no increase in the nutrient composition in the bean leaves. The Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe contents in the grains increased with from the dose of 12 g a.e. ha-1 to above the amount normally observed in common beans, thereby improving the nutritional quality of the food. Our study indicated that low doses of glyphosate alter the nutrient composition of common beans, whereas environmental conditions interfere with the response of common beans to low doses of glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo de Almeida Silva
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology Applied to Agriculture (LECA), School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Benevenuto RF, Zanatta CB, Guerra MP, Nodari RO, Agapito-Tenfen SZ. Proteomic Profile of Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean under Combined Herbicide and Drought Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112381. [PMID: 34834744 PMCID: PMC8622064 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
While some genetically modified (GM) plants have been targeted to confer tolerance to abiotic stressors, transgenes are impacted by abiotic stressors, causing adverse effects on plant physiology and yield. However, routine safety analyses do not assess the response of GM plants under different environmental stress conditions. In the context of climate change, the combination of abiotic stressors is a reality in agroecosystems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the metabolic cost by assessing the proteomic profiles of GM soybean varieties under glyphosate spraying and water deficit conditions compared to their non-transgenic conventional counterparts. We found evidence of cumulative adverse effects that resulted in the reduction of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, along with the expression of amino acids and nitrogen metabolic enzymes. Ribosomal metabolism was significantly enriched, particularly the protein families associated with ribosomal complexes L5 and L18. The interaction network map showed that the affected module representing the ribosome pathway interacts strongly with other important proteins, such as the chloro-plastic gamma ATP synthase subunit. Combined, these findings provide clear evidence for increasing the metabolic costs of GM soybean plants in response to the accumulation of stress factors. First, alterations in the ribosome pathway indicate that the GM plant itself carries a metabolic burden associated with the biosynthesis of proteins as effects of genetic transformation. GM plants also showed an imbalance in energy demand and production under controlled conditions, which was increased under drought conditions. Identifying the consequences of altered metabolism related to the interaction between plant transgene stress responses allows us to understand the possible effects on the ecology and evolution of plants in the medium and long term and the potential interactions with other organisms when these organisms are released in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fonseca Benevenuto
- Crop Science Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88034000, Brazil; (R.F.B.); (C.B.Z.); (M.P.G.); (R.O.N.)
| | - Caroline Bedin Zanatta
- Crop Science Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88034000, Brazil; (R.F.B.); (C.B.Z.); (M.P.G.); (R.O.N.)
| | - Miguel Pedro Guerra
- Crop Science Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88034000, Brazil; (R.F.B.); (C.B.Z.); (M.P.G.); (R.O.N.)
| | - Rubens Onofre Nodari
- Crop Science Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88034000, Brazil; (R.F.B.); (C.B.Z.); (M.P.G.); (R.O.N.)
| | - Sarah Z. Agapito-Tenfen
- GenØk Centre for Biosafety, Siva Innovasjonssenter Postboks 6418, 9294 Tromsø, Norway
- Correspondence:
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Fuchs B, Saikkonen K, Helander M. Glyphosate-Modulated Biosynthesis Driving Plant Defense and Species Interactions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:312-323. [PMID: 33277187 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate has become the best-selling herbicide used in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, and urban environments. It disrupts the shikimate metabolic pathway and thereby blocks the production of aromatic amino acids, which are the basis for several plant metabolites. Glyphosate residues are reported in soils from diverse environments, but the effects on plant physiology and consequences for species interactions are largely unknown. Here, we emphasize the complexity of these physiological processes, and argue that glyphosate residues modulate biosynthetic pathways, individually or interactively, which may affect interactions between plants and heterotrophic organisms. In this way, glyphosate residues can substantially interfere with plant resistance and the attraction of beneficial insects, both of which are essential elements in integrated pest management and healthy ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fuchs
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Kari Saikkonen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Marjo Helander
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Reddy KN, Cizdziel JV, Williams MM, Maul JE, Rimando AM, Duke SO. Glyphosate Resistance Technology Has Minimal or No Effect on Maize Mineral Content and Yield. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10139-10146. [PMID: 30203974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Controversy continues to exist regarding whether the transgene for glyphosate resistance (GR) and/or glyphosate applied to GR crops adversely affect plant mineral content. Field studies were conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Stoneville, MS and Urbana, IL to examine this issue in maize. At each location, the experiment was conducted in fields with no history of glyphosate application and fields with several years of glyphosate use preceding the study. Neither glyphosate nor the GR transgene affected yield or mineral content of leaves or seed, except for occasional (<5%) significant effects that were inconsistent across minerals, treatments, and environments. Glyphosate and AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid), a main degradation product of glyphosate, were found in leaves from treated plants, but little or no glyphosate and no AMPA was found in maize seeds. These results show that the GR transgene and glyphosate application, whether used for a single year or several years, have no deleterious effect on mineral nutrition or yield of GR maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna N Reddy
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS , P.O. Box 350, Stoneville , Mississippi 38776 , United States
| | - James V Cizdziel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Mississippi , 222 Coulter Hall , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Martin M Williams
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research unit , USDA-ARS, 1102 S. Goodwin Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Jude E Maul
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS , 10300 Baltimore Avenue , Beltsville , Maryland 20705 , United States
| | - Agnes M Rimando
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS , P.O. Box 1848, University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Stephen O Duke
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS , P.O. Box 1848, University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
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6
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Giaretta D, Lima V, Carpes S. Improvement of fatty acid profile in breads supplemented with Kinako flour and chia seed. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Duke SO, Rimando AM, Reddy KN, Cizdziel JV, Bellaloui N, Shaw DR, Williams MM, Maul JE. Lack of transgene and glyphosate effects on yield, and mineral and amino acid content of glyphosate-resistant soybean. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1166-1173. [PMID: 28547884 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been controversy as to whether the glyphosate resistance gene and/or glyphosate applied to glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean affect the content of cationic minerals (especially Mg, Mn and Fe), yield and amino acid content of GR soybean. A two-year field study (2013 and 2014) examined these questions at sites in Mississippi, USA. RESULTS There were no effects of glyphosate, the GR transgene or field crop history (for a field with both no history of glyphosate use versus one with a long history of glyphosate use) on grain yield. Furthermore, these factors had no consistent effects on measured mineral (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Ca, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, Tl, U, V, Zn) content of leaves or harvested seed. Effects on minerals were small and inconsistent between years, treatments and mineral, and appeared to be random false positives. No notable effects on free or protein amino acids of the seed were measured, although glyphosate and its degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), were found in the seed in concentrations consistent with previous studies. CONCLUSIONS Neither glyphosate nor the GR transgene affect the content of the minerals measured in leaves and seed, harvested seed amino acid composition, or yield of GR soybean. Furthermore, soils with a legacy of GR crops have no effects on these parameters in soybean. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Duke
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS, USA
| | - Agnes M Rimando
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS, USA
| | - Krishna N Reddy
- USDA-ARS, Crop Production Systems Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - James V Cizdziel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | | | - David R Shaw
- Research and Economic Development, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Martin M Williams
- USDA-ARS, Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jude E Maul
- USDA-ARS, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
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8
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Mertens M, Höss S, Neumann G, Afzal J, Reichenbecher W. Glyphosate, a chelating agent-relevant for ecological risk assessment? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5298-5317. [PMID: 29294235 PMCID: PMC5823954 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), consisting of glyphosate and formulants, are the most frequently applied herbicides worldwide. The declared active ingredient glyphosate does not only inhibit the EPSPS but is also a chelating agent that binds macro- and micronutrients, essential for many plant processes and pathogen resistance. GBH treatment may thus impede uptake and availability of macro- and micronutrients in plants. The present study investigated whether this characteristic of glyphosate could contribute to adverse effects of GBH application in the environment and to human health. According to the results, it has not been fully elucidated whether the chelating activity of glyphosate contributes to the toxic effects on plants and potentially on plant-microorganism interactions, e.g., nitrogen fixation of leguminous plants. It is also still open whether the chelating property of glyphosate is involved in the toxic effects on organisms other than plants, described in many papers. By changing the availability of essential as well as toxic metals that are bound to soil particles, the herbicide might also impact soil life, although the occurrence of natural chelators with considerably higher chelating potentials makes an additional impact of glyphosate for most metals less likely. Further research should elucidate the role of glyphosate (and GBH) as a chelator, in particular, as this is a non-specific property potentially affecting many organisms and processes. In the process of reevaluation of glyphosate its chelating activity has hardly been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Mertens
- Institute for Biodiversity Network e.V. (ibn), Nußbergerstr. 6a, 93059, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Höss
- Institute for Biodiversity Network e.V. (ibn), Nußbergerstr. 6a, 93059, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günter Neumann
- Institute of Crop Science (340h), University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joshua Afzal
- Institute of Crop Science (340h), University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfram Reichenbecher
- Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Konstantinstr. 110, 53179, Bonn, Germany
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Almeida VESD, Friedrich K, Tygel AF, Melgarejo L, Carneiro FF. Use of genetically modified crops and pesticides in Brazil: growing hazards. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2017; 22:3333-3339. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320172210.17112017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Genetically modified (GM) crops were officially authorized in Brazil in 2003. In this documentary study, we aimed to identify possible changes in the patterns of pesticide use after the adoption of this technology over a span of 13 years (2000 to 2012). The following variables were analyzed: Pesticide use (kg), Pesticide use per capita (kg/inhab), Pesticide and herbicide use per area (kg/ha) and productivity (kg/ha). Contrary to the initial expectations of decreasing pesticide use following the adoption of GM crops, overall pesticide use in Brazil increased 1.6-fold between the years 2000 and 2012. During the same period, pesticide use for soybean increased 3-fold. This study shows that the adoption of GM crops in Brazil has led to an increase in pesticide use with possible increases in environmental and human exposure and associated negative impacts.
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10
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Gomes MP, Bicalho EM, Smedbol É, Cruz FVDS, Lucotte M, Garcia QS. Glyphosate Can Decrease Germination of Glyphosate-Resistant Soybeans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2279-2286. [PMID: 28245120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of different concentrations of glyphosate acid and one of its formulations (Roundup) on seed germination of two glyphosate-resistant (GR) and one non-GR variety of soybean. As expected, the herbicide affected the shikimate pathway in non-GR seeds but not in GR seeds. We observed that glyphosate can disturb the mitochondrial electron transport chain, leading to H2O2 accumulation in soybean seeds, which was, in turn, related to lower seed germination. In addition, GR seeds showed increased activity of antioxidant systems when compared to non-GR seeds, making them less vulnerable to oxidative stress induced by glyphosate. The differences in the responses of GR varieties to glyphosate exposure corresponded to their differences in enzymatic activity related to H2O2 scavenging and mitochondrial complex III (the proposed site of ROS induction by glyphosate). Our results showed that glyphosate ought to be used carefully as a pre-emergence herbicide in soybean field crop systems because this practice may reduce seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elisa Monteze Bicalho
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Élise Smedbol
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal , C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fernanda Vieira da Silva Cruz
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marc Lucotte
- GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal , C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Queila Souza Garcia
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Bai SH, Ogbourne SM. Glyphosate: environmental contamination, toxicity and potential risks to human health via food contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18988-9001. [PMID: 27541149 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate has been the most widely used herbicide during the past three decades. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies glyphosate as 'practically non-toxic and not an irritant' under the acute toxicity classification system. This classification is based primarily on toxicity data and due to its unique mode of action via a biochemical pathway that only exists in a small number of organisms that utilise the shikimic acid pathway to produce amino acids, most of which are green plants. This classification is supported by the majority of scientific literature on the toxic effects of glyphosate. However, in 2005, the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) reported that glyphosate and its major metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), are of potential toxicological concern, mainly as a result of accumulation of residues in the food chain. The FAO further states that the dietary risk of glyphosate and AMPA is unlikely if the maximum daily intake of 1 mg kg(-1) body weight (bw) is not exceeded. Research has now established that glyphosate can persist in the environment, and therefore, assessments of the health risks associated with glyphosate are more complicated than suggested by acute toxicity data that relate primarily to accidental high-rate exposure. We have used recent literature to assess the possible risks associated with the presence of glyphosate residues in food and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Hosseini Bai
- GeneCology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia.
| | - Steven M Ogbourne
- GeneCology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
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Nicolas V, Oestreicher N, Vélot C. Multiple effects of a commercial Roundup® formulation on the soil filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans at low doses: evidence of an unexpected impact on energetic metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:14393-404. [PMID: 27068896 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms are highly exposed to glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH), especially to Roundup® which is widely used worldwide. However, studies on the effects of GBH formulations on specific non-rhizosphere soil microbial species are scarce. We evaluated the toxicity of a commercial formulation of Roundup® (R450), containing 450 g/L of glyphosate (GLY), on the soil filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, an experimental model microorganism. The median lethal dose (LD50) on solid media was between 90 and 112 mg/L GLY (among adjuvants, which are also included in the Roundup® formulation), which corresponds to a dilution percentage about 100 times lower than that used in agriculture. The LOAEL and NOAEL (lowest- and no-observed-adverse-effect levels) associated to morphology and growth were 33.75 and 31.5 mg/L GLY among adjuvants, respectively. The formulation R450 proved to be much more active than technical GLY. At the LD50 and lower concentrations, R450 impaired growth, cellular polarity, endocytosis, and mitochondria (average number, total volume and metabolism). In contrast with the depletion of mitochondrial activities reported in animal studies, R450 caused a stimulation of mitochondrial enzyme activities, thus revealing a different mode of action of Roundup® on energetic metabolism. These mitochondrial disruptions were also evident at a low dose corresponding to the NOAEL for macroscopic parameters, indicating that these mitochondrial biomarkers are more sensitive than those for growth and morphological ones. Altogether, our data indicate that GBH toxic effects on soil filamentous fungi, and thus potential impairment of soil ecosystems, may occur at doses far below recommended agricultural application rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Nicolas
- UMS-IPSIT, US31 Inserm-UMS3679 CNRS, Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Tour E1, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nathalie Oestreicher
- Laboratoire VEAC, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté des Sciences, Bât. 360, Rue du Doyen André Guinier, 91405, Orsay, France
- Pôle Risques MRSH-CNRS, Université de Caen, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Christian Vélot
- Laboratoire VEAC, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté des Sciences, Bât. 360, Rue du Doyen André Guinier, 91405, Orsay, France.
- Pôle Risques MRSH-CNRS, Université de Caen, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen, France.
- CRIIGEN, 81 rue Monceau, 75008, Paris, France.
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Cuhra M, Traavik T, Dando M, Primicerio R, Holderbaum DF, Bøhn T. Glyphosate-Residues in Roundup-Ready Soybean Impair Daphnia magna Life-Cycle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jacen.2015.41003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Gomes MP, Smedbol E, Chalifour A, Hénault-Ethier L, Labrecque M, Lepage L, Lucotte M, Juneau P. Alteration of plant physiology by glyphosate and its by-product aminomethylphosphonic acid: an overview. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4691-703. [PMID: 25039071 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
It is generally claimed that glyphosate kills undesired plants by affecting the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme, disturbing the shikimate pathway. However, the mechanisms leading to plant death may also be related to secondary or indirect effects of glyphosate on plant physiology. Moreover, some plants can metabolize glyphosate to aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) or be exposed to AMPA from different environmental matrices. AMPA is a recognized phytotoxin, and its co-occurrence with glyphosate could modify the effects of glyphosate on plant physiology. The present review provides an overall picture of alterations of plant physiology caused by environmental exposure to glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA, and summarizes their effects on several physiological processes. It particularly focuses on photosynthesis, from photochemical events to C assimilation and translocation, as well as oxidative stress. The effects of glyphosate and AMPA on several plant physiological processes have been linked, with the aim of better understanding their phytotoxicity and glyphosate herbicidal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo P Gomes
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des sciences biologiques, Centre de recherche interinstitutionnel en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Succ. Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.p. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elise Smedbol
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des sciences biologiques, Centre de recherche interinstitutionnel en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Succ. Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.p. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie Chalifour
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des sciences biologiques, Centre de recherche interinstitutionnel en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Succ. Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Louise Hénault-Ethier
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.p. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Université de Montréal, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, 4101 Sherbrooke East, H1X 2B2, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Lepage
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.p. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Lucotte
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.p. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des sciences biologiques, Centre de recherche interinstitutionnel en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Succ. Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.p. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Galão OF, Carrão-Panizzi MC, Gontijo Mandarino JM, Santos Júnior OO, Maruyama SA, Figueiredo LC, Bonafe EG, Visentainer JV. Differences of fatty acid composition in Brazilian genetic and conventional soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) grown in different regions. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Popper CW. Single-micronutrient and broad-spectrum micronutrient approaches for treating mood disorders in youth and adults. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2014; 23:591-672. [PMID: 24975626 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several different vitamins and minerals appear to be effective augmenting agents for mood-modifying drugs, but are not potent monotherapies in themselves for treating psychiatric disorders. In contrast, broad-spectrum micronutrient interventions appear in early trials to be as effective as psychiatric medications with fewer adverse effects for treating mood disorders, ADHD, aggressivity, and misconduct in youth and adults. Broad-spectrum treatments also may improve stress responses, cognition, and sense of well-being in healthy adults, but have been less well studied in youth. Current clinical data justify an extensive expansion of research on micronutrient mechanisms and treatments in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Popper
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Darmency H. Pleiotropic effects of herbicide-resistance genes on crop yield: a review. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2013; 69:897-904. [PMID: 23457026 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The rapid adoption of genetically engineered herbicide-resistant crop varieties (HRCVs)-encompassing 83% of all GM crops and nearly 8% of the worldwide arable area-is due to technical efficiency and higher returns. Other herbicide-resistant varieties obtained from genetic resources and mutagenesis have also been successfully released. Although the benefit for weed control is the main criteria for choosing HRCVs, the pleiotropic costs of genes endowing resistance have rarely been investigated in crops. Here the available data of comparisons between isogenic resistant and susceptible varieties are reviewed. Pleiotropic harmful effects on yield are reported in half of the cases, mostly with resistance mechanisms that originate from genetic resources and mutagenesis (atrazine in oilseed rape and millet, trifluralin in millet, imazamox in cotton) rather than genetic engineering (chlorsulfuron and glufosinate in some oilseed rape varieties, glyphosate in soybean). No effect was found for sethoxydim and bromoxynil resistance. Variable minor effects were found for imazamox, chlorsulfuron, glufosinate and glyphosate resistance. The importance of the breeding plan and the genetic background on the emergence of these effects is pointed out. Breeders' efforts to produce better varieties could compensate for the yield loss, which eliminates any possibility of formulating generic conclusions on pleiotropic effects that can be applied to all resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Darmency
- INRA, UMR1347, Agroécologie, 17 rue Sully, BP86510, 21065 Dijon, France.
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Fernandes J, Falco WF, Oliveira SL, Caires ARL. Changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence of glyphosate-tolerant soybean plants induced by glyphosate: in vivo analysis by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:3004-11. [PMID: 23669766 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.003004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A significant increase in the use of the herbicide glyphosate has generated many questions about its residual accumulation in the environment and possible damage to crops. In this study, changes in chlorophyll a (chl-a) fluorescence induced by glyphosate in three varieties of glyphosate-resistant soybean plants were determined with an in vivo analysis based on a portable laser-induced fluorescence system. Strong suppression of chl-a fluorescence was observed for all plants treated with the herbicide. Moreover, the ratio of the emission bands in the red and far-red regions (685 nm/735 nm) indicates that the application of glyphosate led to chlorophyll degradation. The results also indicated that the use of glyphosate, even at concentrations recommended by the manufacturer, suppressed chl-a fluorescence. In summary, this study shows that fluorescence spectroscopy can detect, in vivo, very early changes in the photosynthetic status of transgenic soybeans treated with this herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelson Fernandes
- Grupo de Óptica Aplicada, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, CP 364, Mato Grosso Do Sul CEP 79804-970, Brazil
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Duke SO, Lydon J, Koskinen WC, Moorman TB, Chaney RL, Hammerschmidt R. Glyphosate effects on plant mineral nutrition, crop rhizosphere microbiota, and plant disease in glyphosate-resistant crops. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:10375-97. [PMID: 23013354 PMCID: PMC3479986 DOI: 10.1021/jf302436u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Claims have been made recently that glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops sometimes have mineral deficiencies and increased plant disease. This review evaluates the literature that is germane to these claims. Our conclusions are: (1) although there is conflicting literature on the effects of glyphosate on mineral nutrition on GR crops, most of the literature indicates that mineral nutrition in GR crops is not affected by either the GR trait or by application of glyphosate; (2) most of the available data support the view that neither the GR transgenes nor glyphosate use in GR crops increases crop disease; and (3) yield data on GR crops do not support the hypotheses that there are substantive mineral nutrition or disease problems that are specific to GR crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Duke
- USDA, ARS Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, P.O. Box 8048, University, Mississippi 38677, USA.
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Duke SO, Reddy KN, Bu K, Cizdziel JV. Effects of glyphosate on the mineral content of glyphosate-resistant soybeans (Glycine max). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6764-71. [PMID: 22708739 DOI: 10.1021/jf3014603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There are conflicting claims as to whether treatment with glyphosate adversely affects mineral nutrition of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops. Those who have made claims of adverse effects have argued links between reduced Mn and diseases in these crops. This article describes experiments designed to determine the effects of a recommended rate (0.86 kg ha(-1)) of glyphosate applied once or twice on the mineral content of young and mature leaves, as well as in seeds produced by GR soybeans (Glycine max) in both the greenhouse and field using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In the greenhouse, there were no effects of either one application (at 3 weeks after planting, WAP) or two applications (at 3 and 6 WAP) of glyphosate on Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Sr, Ba, Al, Cd, Cr, Co, or Ni content of young or old leaves sampled at 6, 9, and 12 WAP and in harvested seed. Se concentrations were too low for accurate detection in leaves, but there was also no effect of glyphosate applications on Se in the seeds. In the field study, there were no effects of two applications (at 3 and 6 WAP) of glyphosate on Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Sr, Ba, Al, Cd, Cr, Co, or Ni content of young or old leaves at either 9 or 12 WAP. There was also no effect on Se in the seeds. There was no difference in yield between control and glyphosate-treated GR soybeans in the field. The results indicate that glyphosate does not influence mineral nutrition of GR soybean at recommended rates for weed management in the field. Furthermore, the field studies confirm the results of greenhouse studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Duke
- USDA , ARS, Natural Product Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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Truta E, Vochita G, Rosu CM, Zamfirache MM, Olteanu Z. Evaluation of Roundup-induced toxicity on genetic material and on length growth of barley seedlings. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2011; 62:290-301. [PMID: 21840831 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.62.2011.3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study was performed in order to evaluate Roundup-induced genotoxic effects in Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Madalin root meristems and to analyze herbicide impact on length growth of barley seedlings. Caryopses were treated for 3 hours and 6 hours with 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% Roundup solutions (v/v), containing 0.36 mg ml-1, 1.8 mg ml-1, 3.6 mg ml-1 and 7.2 mg ml-1 glyphosate active ingredient. Mitotic index decreased in both exposure times with concentration increase. In 3-h treatment, its average values decreased from 4.73 ± 0.31% to 1.51 ± 0.43%, whereas in 6-h treatment this parameter declined from 3.86 ± 0.92% to 0.62 ± 0.15%. The highest ana-telophase aberration rates were noted in 3-h treatments (8.91%, 9.19%, 9.47%, 11.25%, comparatively to control - 5.99%). Roundup enhanced the number of metaphase disturbances proving its noxious effect on normal functioning of mitotic spindle. Seedling growth was negatively influenced at all tested concentrations in both exposure times. The length decreased as concentration increased, so that the average length is 7.5-9 times smaller than in control at the maximum concentration, in both exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Truta
- Biological Research Institute, Iasi, Romania.
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