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Song Y, Long C, Wang Y, An Y, Lu Y. Advancements in multi-omics for nutraceutical enhancement and traits improvement in buckwheat. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-26. [PMID: 39160127 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2373282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) is a typical pseudocereal, valued for its extensive nutraceutical potential as well as its centuries-old cultivation. Tartary buckwheat and common buckwheat have been used globally and become well-known nutritious foods due to their high quantities of: proteins, flavonoids, and minerals. Moreover, its increasing demand makes it critical to improve nutraceutical, traits and yield. In this review, bioactive compounds accumulated in buckwheat were comprehensively evaluated according to their chemical structure, properties, and physiological function. Biosynthetic pathways of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and fagopyrin were methodically summarized, with the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. Although there are classic synthesis pathways presented in the previous research, the metabolic flow of how these certain compounds are being synthesized in buckwheat still remains uncovered. The functional genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonols, stress response, and plant development were identified based on multi-omics research. Furthermore, it delves into the applications of multi-omics in improving buckwheat's agronomic traits, including: yield, nutritional content, stress resilience, and bioactive compounds biosynthesis. While pangenomics combined with other omics to mine elite genes, the regulatory network and mechanism of specific agronomic traits and biosynthetic of bioactive components, and developing a more efficient genetic transformation system for genetic engineering require further investigation for the execution of breeding designs aimed at enhancing desirable traits in buckwheat. This critical review will provide a comprehensive understanding of multi-omics for nutraceutical enhancement and traits improvement in buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Song
- Institute of Nanfan and Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxing An
- Institute of Nanfan and Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yinglin Lu
- Institute of Nanfan and Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Kazantseva VV, Goncharuk EA, Zaitsev GP, Zagoskina NV, Klykov AG. Plant Ploidy Level and the Presence of Cadmium in the Growing Environment Changes the Content of the Main Components of the Phenolic Complex in Buckwheat Sprouts. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2022; 502:10-14. [PMID: 35275299 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672922010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, the composition and the content of the main components of the phenolic complex of aboveground organs of buckwheat plants (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) with different levels of ploidy (2n and 4n) at the initial stages of ontogenesis and their changes under the action of cadmium (Cd, 65 µM) were studied by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography. In all variants, phenolic compounds (PCs) were represented by chlorogenic acid (phenylpropanoid), rutin (flavonol), as well as orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin (flavones). The amount of PCs in the cotyledon leaves in most cases exceeded that in the hypocotyls. Buckwheat seedlings of the tetraploid genotype are characterized by a higher accumulation of PCs as compared to the diploid genotype. Under the effect of Cd, the content of their individual representatives changed: in the hypocotyls of the diploid genotype, it decreased in most cases, whereas in the hypocotyls of the tetraploid genotype it increased. In the cotyledon leaves, the tendency was opposite. It was found that seedlings of two F. esculentum genotypes with different ploidy levels differed in the content of the main PCs and in their response to Cd, which is important for breeding this culture for stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Kazantseva
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - E A Goncharuk
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - G P Zaitsev
- Magarach All-Russia National Research Institute of Vineyards and Wine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yalta, Russia
| | - N V Zagoskina
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Klykov
- Chaika Federal Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East, Ussuriisk, Russia
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Kumari A, Chaudhary HK. Nutraceutical crop buckwheat: a concealed wealth in the lap of Himalayas. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:539-554. [PMID: 32290728 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1747387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat is a crop that has gained considerable interest worldwide due to its nutritional, economical, and pharmaceutical values. To ensure food and nutritional security in a scenario of global climate change, this pseudocereal is a competent alternative to staple crops. With rising knowledge regarding the nutraceutical potential, the popularity of this species is expected to increase further in coming years. The main bioactive component of this species is rutin that has been proven to have a wide range of health-promoting benefits. Due to breeding constraints, asynchronous maturity, seed shattering, and restricted distribution, this species holds the status of an underutilized or neglected crop in many parts of the world. In the North-western Himalayan zone, it is an integral part of local dietary intake and is grown as a second crop after harvesting barley and peas. Fagopyrum esculentum and F. tataricum are the species of buckwheat cultivated in the North-western Himalayas. However, more studies in the direction of conservation, utilization, and genetic amelioration of plant genetic resources are needed to sustain food security in Southeast Asia. The present review paper accentuates the multicore potential of buckwheat besides highlighting the commercial and pharmaceutical perspective. This article also focuses on the conservation and sustainable utilization of Himalayan gene pools, desirable agronomic traits, and genetic diversity besides focusing on the biochemical and molecular response of Fagopyrum to biotic and abiotic stress including modulation of the rutin content. The role of biotechnological interventions and future prospects are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Tissue Culture Lab, Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Harinder Kumar Chaudhary
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Tissue Culture Lab, Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Franzaring J, Ancora S, Paoli L, Fongoh AH, Büttner P, Fangmeier A, Schlosser S, Monaci F. Phytotoxicity of polymetallic mine wastes from southern Tuscany and Saxony. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 162:505-513. [PMID: 30015197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Restoration potential of mine wastes or approaches to improve soil conditions and to ameliorate phytotoxicity on these sites may be simulated in standardized greenhouse experiments. Plants can be cultivated side by side on materials from different origins in dilution series with defined admixtures of certain aggregates. Mine wastes used in the present study originated from Fenice Capanne (FC, Tuscany, Italy) and Altenberg (ALT, Saxony, Germany). Tailings of the Italian site contain high concentrations of lead, zinc, arsenic and sulphur while tin, wolfram, molybdenum and lithium are highly elevated in the German mine waste. We tested growth responses of five crop species and analyzed concentrations of various metals and nutrients in the shoot to evaluate the toxicity of the FC mine waste and found oilseed rape being the most and corn the least resistant crop. Interestingly, oilseed rape accumulated seven times higher levels of lead than corn without showing adverse effects on productivity. In a subsequent comparison of FC and ALT mine waste, we cultivated different species of buckwheat (Fagopyrum spec.), a fast growing genus that evolved in mountain areas and that has been shown to be tolerant to low pH and high concentrations of metals. We found that the FC mine waste was more toxic than the ALT substrate in F. tataricum and F. esculentum. However, lower admixtures of FC material (10%) resulted in stronger growth reductions than higher proportions (25%) of the mine waste which was primarily related to the slightly lower pH and higher availability of essential metals due to the admixture of sand. These results confirm the importance of managing the soil chemical and physical characteristics of wastelands and call for the development of assisted reclamation to prepare sites for regular biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Franzaring
- University of Hohenheim, Institute for Landscape and Plant Ecology (320), August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - S Ancora
- University of Siena, Dept. of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - L Paoli
- University of Siena, Dept. of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - A H Fongoh
- University of Hohenheim, Institute for Landscape and Plant Ecology (320), August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - P Büttner
- Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Halsbrücker Str. 34, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - A Fangmeier
- University of Hohenheim, Institute for Landscape and Plant Ecology (320), August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Schlosser
- Core Facility Hohenheim (CFH), Emil Wolff Str. 12, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Monaci
- University of Siena, Dept. of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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Franzaring J, Damsohn W, Fangmeier A, Schlosser S, Kurz H, Büttner P. Phytotoxicity of tin mine waste and accumulation of involved heavy metals in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2018; 20:462-470. [PMID: 29053347 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1365349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Extraction and processing of cassiterite (SnO2) left large tailings with high concentrations of tin, tungsten, molybdenum and lithium. Information on the phytotoxicity of mine waste is important with regard to ecological hazards. Exposure studies help to identify plants useful for the stabilization of waste tips and the phytomining of metals. A greenhouse study was performed using a dilution series of mine waste and four crops, a halophytic and a metallophytic species to derive dose response curves. Based on effective doses for growth reductions, sensitivity increased in the following order: maize > common buckwheat > quinoa > garden bean. Element analyses in different species and compartments of common buckwheat grown in a mixture of standard soil and 25% of the mine waste showed that only low levels of the metals were taken up and that transfer to seed tissues was negligible. As indicated by soil metal levels prior to and after the experiment, only lithium and arsenic proved to be plant available and reached high levels in green tissues while seed levels were low. The experiment confirmed differences in the uptake of metals with regard to elements and species. Common buckwheat is a suited candidate for cultivation on metal polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Franzaring
- a University of Hohenheim, Institute for Landscape and Plant Ecology , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Walter Damsohn
- a University of Hohenheim, Institute for Landscape and Plant Ecology , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Andreas Fangmeier
- a University of Hohenheim, Institute for Landscape and Plant Ecology , Stuttgart , Germany
| | | | - Hannes Kurz
- b Core Facility Hohenheim (CFH) , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Philipp Büttner
- c Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology , Freiberg , Germany
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TANG DD, ZHANG JY, HOU XD, WU P. Phosphorescent Inner Filter Effect-based Sensing System for Determination of β -glucuronidase Using Manganese-doped Zinc Sulfide Quantum Dots. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(17)61059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tomas M, Pagani MA, Andreo CS, Capdevila M, Bofill R, Atrian S. His-containing plant metallothioneins: comparative study of divalent metal-ion binding by plant MT3 and MT4 isoforms. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:1149-64. [PMID: 24951240 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a superfamily of Cys-rich, low-molecular weight metalloproteins that bind heavy metal ions. These cytosolic metallopeptides, which exist in most living organisms, are thought to be involved in metal homeostasis, metal detoxification, and oxidative stress protection. In this work, we characterise the Zn(II)- and Cd(II)-binding abilities of plant type 3 and type 4 MTs identified in soybean and sunflower, both of them being His-containing peptides. The recombinant metal-MT complexes synthesised in Zn(II) or Cd(II)-enriched Escherichia coli cultures have been analysed by ESI-MS, and CD, ICP-AES, and UV spectroscopies. His-to-Ala type 3 MT mutants have also been constructed and synthesised for the study of the role of His in divalent metal ion coordination. The results show comparable divalent metal-binding capacities for the MTs of type 3, and suggest, for the first time, the participation of their conserved C-term His residues in metal binding. Interesting features for the Zn(II)-binding abilities of type 4 MTs are also reported, as their variable His content may be considered crucial for their biological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Tomas
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08093, Barcelona, Spain
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Schiller M, Hegelund JN, Pedas P, Kichey T, Laursen KH, Husted S, Schjoerring JK. Barley metallothioneins differ in ontogenetic pattern and response to metals. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:353-367. [PMID: 23808399 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The barley genome encodes a family of 10 metallothioneins (MTs) that have not previously been subject to extensive gene expression profiling. We show here that expression of MT1a, MT2b1, MT2b2 and MT3 in barley leaves increased more than 50-fold during the first 10 d after germination. Concurrently, the root-specific gene MT1b1 was 1000-fold up-regulated. Immunolocalizations provided the first evidence for accumulation of MT1a and MT2a proteins in planta, with correlation to transcript levels. In developing grains, MT2a and MT4 expression increased 4- and 300-fold over a 28-day-period after pollination. However, among the MT grain transcripts MT2c was the most abundant, whereas MT4 was the least abundant. Excess Cu up-regulated three out of the six MTs expressed in leaves of young barley plants. In contrast, most MTs were down-regulated by excess Zn or Cd. Zn starvation led to up-regulation of MT1a, whereas Cu starvation up-regulated MT2a, which has two copper-responsive elements in the promoter. Arabidopsis lines constitutively overexpressing barley MT2a showed increased sensitivity to excess Cd and Zn but no Cu-induced response. We suggest that barley MTs are differentially involved in intracellular homeostasis of essential metal ions and that a subset of barley MTs is specifically involved in Cu detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Schiller
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kamaladini H, Nor Akmar Abdullah S, Aziz MA, Ismail IB, Haddadi F. Breaking-off tissue specific activity of the oil palm metallothionein-like gene promoter in T(1) seedlings of tomato exposed to metal ions. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:346-354. [PMID: 23290536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins that are involved in cell growth regulation, transportation of metal ions and detoxification of heavy metals. A mesocarp-specific metallothionein-like gene (MT3-A) promoter was isolated from the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq). A vector construct containing the MT3-A promoter fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene in the pCAMBIA 1304 vector was produced and used in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tomato. Histochemical GUS assay of different tissues of transgenic tomato showed that the MT3-A promoter only drove GUS expression in the reproductive tissues and organs, including the anther, fruit and seed coat. Competitive RT-PCR and GUS fluorometric assay showed changes in the level of GUS mRNA and enzyme activity in the transgenic tomato (T(0)). No GUS mRNA was found in roots and leaves of transgenic tomato. In contrast, the leaves of transgenic tomato seedlings (T(1)) produced the highest GUS activity when treated with 150 μM Cu(2+) compared to the control (without Cu(2+)). However, Zn(2+) and Fe(2+) treatments did not show GUS expression in the leaves of the transgenic tomato seedlings. Interestingly, the results showed a breaking-off tissue-specific activity of the oil palm MT3-A promoter in T(1) seedlings of tomato when subjected to Cu(2+) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Kamaladini
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Pagani MA, Tomas M, Carrillo J, Bofill R, Capdevila M, Atrian S, Andreo CS. The response of the different soybean metallothionein isoforms to cadmium intoxication. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 117:306-15. [PMID: 23073037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a highly toxic heavy metal for both plants and animals. The presence of Cd in agricultural soils is of major concern regarding its entry into the food chain, since Cd compounds are readily taken up by plants, and accumulated in edible parts due to their high solubility. In this study, we first demonstrate the high capacity for Cd concentration of soybean grains. Consequently, we considered the study and characterization of the molecular determinants of Cd accumulation -such as metallothioneins (MT)- to be of major practical importance. We report here the first characterization of the soybean MT system, with the identification of nine genes (one of which is a truncated pseudogene), belonging to the four plant MT types. The most highly expressed of each type was chosen for further function analysis. All of them are expressed at high levels in soybean tissues: GmMT1, GmMT2 and GmMT3 in roots, shoots and seeds, and GmMT4 only in seeds. The corresponding recombinant soybean MTs, synthesized in Escherichia coli cells cultured in metal supplemented media, exhibit greater cadmium than zinc binding capacity. These results suggest a definite role of GmMTs in Cd(II) accumulation as one of the main responses of soybean to an overload of this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Pagani
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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Bhargava A, Carmona FF, Bhargava M, Srivastava S. Approaches for enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 105:103-20. [PMID: 22542973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of the environment with toxic metals has become a worldwide problem. Metal toxicity affects crop yields, soil biomass and fertility. Soils polluted with heavy metals pose a serious health hazard to humans as well as plants and animals, and often requires soil remediation practices. Phytoextraction refers to the uptake of contaminants from soil or water by plant roots and their translocation to any harvestable plant part. Phytoextraction has the potential to remove contaminants and promote long-term cleanup of soil or wastewater. The success of phytoextraction as a potential environmental cleanup technology depends on factors like metal availability for uptake, as well as plants ability to absorb and accumulate metals in aerial parts. Efforts are ongoing to understand the genetics and biochemistry of metal uptake, transport and storage in hyperaccumulator plants so as to be able to develop transgenic plants with improved phytoremediation capability. Many plant species are being investigated to determine their usefulness for phytoextraction, especially high biomass crops. The present review aims to give an updated version of information available with respect to metal tolerance and accumulation mechanisms in plants, as well as on the environmental and genetic factors affecting heavy metal uptake. The genetic tools of classical breeding and genetic engineering have opened the door to creation of 'remediation' cultivars. An overview is presented on the possible strategies for developing novel genotypes with increased metal accumulation and tolerance to toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Bhargava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, UP, India.
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Demidenko NV, Logacheva MD, Penin AA. Selection and validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) based on transcriptome sequence data. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19434. [PMID: 21589908 PMCID: PMC3093374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is one of the most precise and widely used methods of gene expression analysis. A necessary prerequisite of exact and reliable data is the accurate choice of reference genes. We studied the expression stability of potential reference genes in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) in order to find the optimal reference for gene expression analysis in this economically important crop. Recently sequenced buckwheat floral transcriptome was used as source of sequence information. Expression stability of eight candidate reference genes was assessed in different plant structures (leaves and inflorescences at two stages of development and fruits). These genes are the orthologs of Arabidopsis genes identified as stable in a genome-wide survey gene of expression stability and a traditionally used housekeeping gene GAPDH. Three software applications – geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper - were used to estimate expression stability and provided congruent results. The orthologs of AT4G33380 (expressed protein of unknown function, Expressed1), AT2G28390 (SAND family protein, SAND) and AT5G46630 (clathrin adapter complex subunit family protein, CACS) are revealed as the most stable. We recommend using the combination of Expressed1, SAND and CACS for the normalization of gene expression data in studies on buckwheat using qRT-PCR. These genes are listed among five the most stably expressed in Arabidopsis that emphasizes utility of the studies on model plants as a framework for other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Demidenko
- Department of Genetics, Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria D. Logacheva
- Department of Evolutionary Biochemistry, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Evolutionary Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey A. Penin
- Department of Genetics, Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Evolutionary Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
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Samardzić JT, Nikolić DB, Timotijević GS, Jovanović ZS, Milisavljević MĐ, Maksimović VR. Tissue expression analysis of FeMT3, a drought and oxidative stress related metallothionein gene from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 167:1407-1411. [PMID: 20637525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metallothionein type 3 (MT3) expression has previously been detected in leaves, fruits, and developing somatic embryos in different plant species. However, specific tissular and cellular localization of MT3 transcripts have remained unidentified. In this study, in situ RNA-RNA analysis revealed buckwheat metallothionein type 3 (FeMT3) transcript localization in vascular elements, mesophyll and guard cells of leaves, vascular tissue of roots and throughout the whole embryo. Changes in FeMT3 mRNA levels in response to drought and oxidative stress, as well as ROS scavenging abilities of the FeMT3 protein in yeast were also detected, indicating possible involvement of FeMT3 in stress defense and ROS related cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena T Samardzić
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia.
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