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Khol M, Ma F, Lei L, Liu W, Liu X. A Frontier Review of Nutraceutical Chinese Yam. Foods 2024; 13:1426. [PMID: 38790726 PMCID: PMC11119861 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Yams are the edible subterranean rhizomes, or tubers, of plants from the genus Dioscorea. There are approximately 600 species of yam plants in the world, with more than 90 of these growing in East Asia. One particular species, Dioscorea opposita Thunb., is highly praised as "the Chinese yam". This distinction arises from millennia of storied history, both as a nutritional food source and as a principal ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine. Among the many cultivars of Dioscorea opposita Thunb., Huai Shanyao has been widely regarded as the best. This review surveyed the historical background, physiochemical composition, applications as food and medicine, and research prospects for the Chinese yam. Modern science is finally beginning to confirm the remarkable health benefits of this yam plant, long-known to the Chinese people. Chinese yam promises anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, and combination treatment applications, both as a functional food and as medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Khol
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Fanyi Ma
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lijing Lei
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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2
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Losso JN, Losso MN, Toc M, Inungu JN, Finley JW. The Young Age and Plant-Based Diet Hypothesis for Low SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 76:270-280. [PMID: 34169470 PMCID: PMC8225309 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), in December 2019, the infection has spread around the globe. Some of the risk factors include social distancing, mask wearing, hand washing with soap, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and dysbiosis. Evidence has shown the incidence of total infection and death rates to be lower in sub-Saharan Africa when compared with North Africa, Europe and North America and many other parts of the world. The higher the metabolic syndrome rate, the higher the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Africa has a lower rate of metabolic syndrome risk than many other continents. This paradox has puzzled several in the biomedical and scientific communities. Published results of research have demonstrated the exciting correlation that the combination of young age of the population coupled with their native plant-based diet has lowered their risk factors. The plant-based diet include whole grains (millet, sorghum), legumes (black-eye peas, dry beans, soybean), vegetables, potato, sweet potato, yams, squash, banana, pumpkin seeds, and moringa leaves, and lower consumption of meat. The plant-based diet results in a different gut microbiota than of most of the rest of the world. This has a significant impact on the survival rate of other populations. The "plant-based diet" results in lower rates of obesity, diabetes and dysbiosis, which could contribute to lower and less severe infections. However, these hypotheses need to be supported by more clinical and biostatistics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack N Losso
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - MerryJean N Losso
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marco Toc
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Joseph N Inungu
- School of Health Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - John W Finley
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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3
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Obidiegwu JE, Lyons JB, Chilaka CA. The Dioscorea Genus (Yam)-An Appraisal of Nutritional and Therapeutic Potentials. Foods 2020; 9:E1304. [PMID: 32947880 PMCID: PMC7555206 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for a food secure and safe world has led to continuous effort toward improvements of global food and health systems. While the developed countries seem to have these systems stabilized, some parts of the world still face enormous challenges. Yam (Dioscorea species) is an orphan crop, widely distributed globally; and has contributed enormously to food security especially in sub-Saharan Africa because of its role in providing nutritional benefits and income. Additionally, yam has non-nutritional components called bioactive compounds, which offer numerous health benefits ranging from prevention to treatment of degenerative diseases. Pharmaceutical application of diosgenin and dioscorin, among other compounds isolated from yam, has shown more prospects recently. Despite the benefits embedded in yam, reports on the nutritional and therapeutic potentials of yam have been fragmented and the diversity within the genus has led to much confusion. An overview of the nutritional and health importance of yam will harness the crop to meet its potential towards combating hunger and malnutrition, while improving global health. This review makes a conscious attempt to provide an overview regarding the nutritional, bioactive compositions and therapeutic potentials of yam diversity. Insights on how to increase its utilization for a greater impact are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude E. Obidiegwu
- National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Km 8 Umuahia-Ikot Ekpene Road, P.M.B 7006 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Jessica B. Lyons
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Weill Hall #3200, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA;
| | - Cynthia A. Chilaka
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straβe 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; or
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4
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Osukoya OA, Kuku A. Physicochemical, enzymatic and molecular characterisation of the storage protein of aerial tuber, Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:29. [PMID: 32661737 PMCID: PMC7358276 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The storage protein of the aerial tuber of Dioscorea bulbifera was purified and its physicochemical, enzymatic and molecular properties determined with a view to comparing its functionality and genetic relatedness with other storage proteins. RESULTS The purified protein had molecular weight of 21 kDa. The protein showed carbonic anhydrase, trypsin inhibitory, dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities. Amplifications with polymerase chain reactions resulted in the detection of two genes encoding the storage protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of the shorter and larger genes had homologies with the storage proteins of members of the Dioscorea family. CONCLUSION The study concluded that the storage protein of the aerial tuber of D. bulbifera had similar properties with those of other Dioscorea species and may be suitable for development as functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adenike Kuku
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Tang MQ, Gao Q, Xu Y, Zhong L, Wang XW, Zhang JW, Peng X, Tanokura M, Xue YL. Solubility and emulsifying activity of yam soluble protein. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:1619-1627. [PMID: 32327772 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Yam soluble protein (YSP) has been reported to have many physiological activities, such as scavenging free radicals, immune activation, and anti-hypertensive activities. Protein solubility and emulsifying activity are important protein-associated functional properties for the application of proteins in food systems. During this study, the factors of protein concentration, pH, temperature and salt concentration that influenced the solubility of YSP were investigated. As a result, the solubility was minimal near its isoelectric point (pH 3.5) and was highest at 45 °C in a temperature range of 40-60 °C. With an increase of protein concentration, the solubility decreased. According to the results of response surface methodology analysis, the interaction between pH and temperature on the solubility of YSP was significant, and the maximum solubility (87.5%) was obtained when the temperature was close to 40 °C, the pH was approximately 7 and the NaCl concentration approached 0.5 mol/L. As the protein concentration increased, the average particle size of the YSP emulsion decreased, and the particle size distribution gradually became balanced. Additionally, the microphotograph of the YSP emulsion reflected its distribution. The results of this study will provide data and a theoretical basis for the understanding of YSP's physicochemical properties and its application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Qiu Tang
- 1College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, No. 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036 Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Gao
- Party School of Liaoning Provincial Party Committee (Liaoning Academy of Governance, Liaoning Provincial Institute of Socialism), Shenyang, 110161 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- 1College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, No. 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036 Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhong
- 1College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, No. 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036 Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wen Wang
- 1College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, No. 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036 Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Wei Zhang
- 1College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, No. 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036 Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Peng
- 1College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, No. 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036 Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- 2Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - You-Lin Xue
- 1College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, No. 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036 Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
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6
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Xue HY, Zhao Y, Liu ZH, Wang XW, Zhang JW, Peng X, Tanokura M, Xue YL. Recovery of Yam Soluble Protein from Yam Starch Processing Wastewater. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5384. [PMID: 32214175 PMCID: PMC7096408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, many studies have shown that the yam storage protein dioscorin, which is abundant in the wastewater of starch processing, exhibits many biological activities both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the acid-precipitation method was optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) for the recovery of yam soluble protein (YSP) from wastewater. The experimental yield of YSP reached 57.7%. According to relative quantitative proteomics (LC-MS/MS), the crude YSP was mainly composed of 15 dioscorin isoforms, which was further verified by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. YSP was found to be rich in glutamic acid and aspartic acid, and the eight essential acids made up approximately 33.7% of the YSP. Moreover, the YSP demonstrated antioxidant activity, including scavenging DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals, and the possible structure-activity relationships were discussed. These results indicated that YSP produced by acid precipitation may be used as a protein source with antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Yue Xue
- College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China.,Dalian Institute for Drug Control, Dalian, 116021, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Heng Liu
- College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wen Wang
- College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Wei Zhang
- College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Xue Peng
- College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - You-Lin Xue
- College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China.
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7
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Zhang L, Ng TB, Lam JKW, Wang SW, Lao L, Zhang KY, Sze SCW. Research and Development of Proteins and Peptides with Therapeutic Potential from Yam Tubers. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:277-284. [PMID: 29932033 DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666180622094356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We discuss the diverse biological activities, therapeutic potential, and clinical applications of peptides and proteins isolated from various yams species including Dioscorea opposita Thunb (Chinese yam), D alata, D japonica (Japanese yam), D pseudojaponica, D batatas (Korea yam), and D cayenensis. Yam peptides and proteins have many pharmacological activities including immunomodulatory, antioxidant, estrogen-stimulating, osteogenic, angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibiting, carbonic anhydrase and trypsin inhibiting, chitinase, anti-insect, anti-dust mite, lectin, and anti-proliferative activities. Yam peptides and proteins have therapeutic potential for treating cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancers, aging disorders, menopause, and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jenny Ka Wing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shi Wei Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kalin Yanbo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen Cho Wing Sze
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptisit University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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8
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Ma F, Wang R, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Hu W, Bell AE, Liu X. Characterisation comparison of polysaccharides from Dioscorea opposita Thunb. growing in sandy soil, loessial soil and continuous cropping. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 126:776-785. [PMID: 30599157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the characterisations of polysaccharides from Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) growing in sandy soil (SSCY), loessial soil (LSCY) and second-year continuous cropping (CCCY). SSCY contained the highest total polysaccharides (36.55%) and 80.19% glucose, CCCY from sandy soil obtained 24.55% polysaccharides with 43.66% glucose, whereas LSCY contained 27.54% total polysaccharides and 7.94% glucose. The results indicated that Dioscorea opposita from sandy soil may obtain higher level of glucose. CCCY increased the galacturonic acids in yams from 7.03% to 26.19%, which may have been caused by the decrease in soil pH due to continuous cropping. The starches of SSCY and CCCY from sandy soil belongs to C-type, whereas the starch of LSCY from loessial soil has the A-type pattern. The results suggested that the two types of soil and continuous cropping change the compounds and contents of yams, which provide valuable evidences for cropping management and allelopathy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ruijiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinhua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Weiping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Alan E Bell
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Whitenights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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9
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Liu L, Huang Y, Huang X, Yang J, Wu W, Xu Y, Cong Z, Xie J, Xia W, Huang D. Characterization of the Dioscorin Gene Family in Dioscorea alata Reveals a Role in Tuber Development and Environmental Response. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071579. [PMID: 28726732 PMCID: PMC5536067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscorin is one of the major soluble proteins in yam tubers. Unlike other well-known plant storage proteins, such as patatin and sporamin, dioscorin is argued for its function as storage proteins, and the molecular mechanisms underlying its expressional complexity are little understood. In this study, we isolated five dioscorin genes from Dioscorea alata L., comprising three class A (Da-dio1, -3 and -4) and two class B (Da-dio2 and -5) isoforms. Expressions of all dioscorin genes gradually decreased in mother tubers during yam sprouting and regrowth. On the other hand, all dioscorin genes accumulated transcripts progressively with tuber development in new tubers, with Da-dio5 being the most prominent isoform. In yam leaves, the expressions of Da-dio5 were up-regulated by the treatments of five phytohormones (gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, and ethylene), and three abiotic stresses (high-temperature, low-temperature and drought). To further elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of Da-dio5 expressions, transgenic Arabidopsis plants harboring the Da-dio5 promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion were generated. GUS staining showed that expressions of the Da-dio5 promoter were detected mainly in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and hypocotyls, and enhanced by the treatments of the five hormones, and the three abiotic stresses mentioned above. These results suggest diverse roles of Da-dio5 in yam sprouting, regrowth, and tuberization, as well as in response to enviromental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linya Liu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yacheng Huang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xiaolong Huang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China.
| | - Wenqiang Wu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yun Xu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Ziwen Cong
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jun Xie
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Wei Xia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Dongyi Huang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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10
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Wong KL, Lai YM, Li KW, Lee KF, Ng TB, Cheung HP, Zhang YB, Lao L, Wong RNS, Shaw PC, Wong JH, Zhang ZJ, Lam JKW, Ye WC, Wencai YE, Sze SCW. A Novel, Stable, Estradiol-Stimulating, Osteogenic Yam Protein with Potential for the Treatment of Menopausal Syndrome. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10179. [PMID: 26160710 PMCID: PMC5155516 DOI: 10.1038/srep10179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel protein, designated as DOI, isolated from the Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) could be the first protein drug for the treatment of menopausal syndrome and an alternative to hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which is known to have undesirable side effects. DOI is an acid- and thermo-stable protein with a distinctive N-terminal sequence Gly-Ile-Gly-Lys-Ile-Thr-Thr-Tyr-Trp-Gly-Gln-Tyr-Ser-Asp-Glu-Pro-Ser-Leu-Thr-Glu. DOI was found to stimulate estradiol biosynthesis in rat ovarian granulosa cells; induce estradiol and progesterone secretion in 16- to 18-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats by upregulating expressions of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and ovarian aromatase; counteract the progression of osteoporosis and augment bone mineral density; and improve cognitive functioning by upregulating protein expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and TrkB receptors in the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, DOI did not stimulate the proliferation of breast cancer and ovarian cancer cells, which suggest it could be a more efficacious and safer alternative to HRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Lok Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yau Ming Lai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Wan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Fai Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Pan Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Bo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ricky Ngok-Shun Wong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pang Chui Shaw
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- 1] School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China [2] School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jenny Ka Wing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology &Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen-cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | - Stephen Cho Wing Sze
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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Xue YL, Miyakawa T, Nakamura A, Hatano KI, Sawano Y, Tanokura M. Yam Tuber Storage Protein Reduces Plant Oxidants Using the Coupled Reactions as Carbonic Anhydrase and Dehydroascorbate Reductase. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1115-8. [PMID: 25747844 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Xue
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hatano
- Division of Molecular and Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yoriko Sawano
- Laboratory of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-8-30 Kounodai, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Lin YS, Lu YL, Wang GJ, Liang HJ, Hou WC. Vasorelaxing and antihypertensive activities of synthesized peptides derived from computer-aided simulation of pepsin hydrolysis of yam dioscorin. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2014; 55:49. [PMID: 28510941 PMCID: PMC5432742 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-014-0049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We reported that yam dioscorin and its peptic hydrolysates exhibited ACE inhibition and antihypertensive effects on SHRs, however, the active peptides are not really isolated until now. Using ACE inhibitory screenings, two penta-peptides, KTCGY and KRIHF, were selected for ex vivo and in vivo experiments. RESULTS KTCGY, KRIHF, and captopril were shown to have similar vasodilating effects against phenylephrine (PE)-induced tensions in rat endothelium-dependent thoracic aortic rings, however, KTCGYKTCGY (two-repeated KTCGY) and TCGYTCGY (two-repeated TCGY) were showed endothelium-independent vasodilating effects against PE-induced tensions. KTCGY, KRIHF (10 or 20 mg/kg), and captopril (10 mg/kg) were used to evaluate antihypertensive activity during 24-h after a single oral administration to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The KTCGY and KRIHF showed significantly different and reduced the systolic blood pressure of SHRs compared to the blank. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that KTCGY and KRIHF may contribute important roles in yam dioscorin for regulating blood pressure in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Shiou Lin
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Lin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guei-Jane Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jen Liang
- Department of Food Science, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Hou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wong KL, Wong RNS, Zhang L, Liu WK, Ng TB, Shaw PC, Kwok PCL, Lai YM, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Y, Tong Y, Cheung HP, Lu J, Sze SCW. Bioactive proteins and peptides isolated from Chinese medicines with pharmaceutical potential. Chin Med 2014; 9:19. [PMID: 25067942 PMCID: PMC4110622 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-9-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Some protein pharmaceuticals from Chinese medicine have been developed to treat cardiovascular diseases, genetic diseases, and cancer. Bioactive proteins with various pharmacological properties have been successfully isolated from animals such as Hirudo medicinalis (medicinal leech), Eisenia fetida (earthworm), and Mesobuthus martensii (Chinese scorpion), and from herbal medicines derived from species such as Cordyceps militaris, Ganoderma, Momordica cochinchinensis, Viscum album, Poria cocos, Senna obtusifolia, Panax notoginseng, Smilax glabra, Ginkgo biloba, Dioscorea batatas, and Trichosanthes kirilowii. This article reviews the isolation methods, molecular characteristics, bioactivities, pharmacological properties, and potential uses of bioactive proteins originating from these Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Lok Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ricky Ngok Shun Wong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing Keung Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Pang Chui Shaw
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Philip Chi Lip Kwok
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yau Ming Lai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhang Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yao Tong
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ho-Pan Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jia Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Stephen Cho Wing Sze
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Lu YL, Chia CY, Liu YW, Hou WC. Biological activities and applications of dioscorins, the major tuber storage proteins of yam. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 2:41-6. [PMID: 24716113 PMCID: PMC3943009 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Yam tubers, a common tuber crop and an important traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan, have many bioactive substances, including phenolic compounds, mucilage polysaccharides, steroidal saponins and proteins. Among the total soluble proteins, 80% of them are dioscorins. In the past two decades, many studies showed that dioscorins exhibited biological activities both in vitro and in vivo, including the enzymatic, antioxidant, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, lectin activities and the protecting role on airway epithelial cells against allergens in vitro. Some of these activities are survived after chemical, heating process or enzymatic digestion. Despite of lacking the intact structural information and the detail action mechanisms in the cells, yam dioscorins are potential resources for developing as functional foods and interesting targets for food protein researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeh-Lin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Yun Chia
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wenn Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Hou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Han CH, Lin YF, Lin YS, Lee TL, Huang WJ, Lin SY, Hou WC. Effects of yam tuber protein, dioscorin, on attenuating oxidative status and learning dysfunction in d-galactose-induced BALB/c mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 65:356-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Feng H, Wang X, Zhang Q, Fu Y, Feng C, Wang B, Huang L, Kang Z. Monodehydroascorbate reductase gene, regulated by the wheat PN-2013 miRNA, contributes to adult wheat plant resistance to stripe rust through ROS metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Hsu YJ, Weng CF, Lin KW, Lin KC. Suppression of allergic reactions in ovalbumin-sensitized mice by yam storage proteins dioscorins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11460-11467. [PMID: 24215486 DOI: 10.1021/jf403480s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To study the biomedical functions of dioscorins isolated from various species of Dioscorea , we investigated their antiallergic potential using an OVA-induced allergy mouse model. All the dioscorins suppressed allergic reactions by decreasing the serum IgE and histamine levels. The serum IFN-γ and IgG2a levels increased in all the dioscorin-treated mice. The spleen cells from the dioscorin-treated mice also exhibited an up-regulation of IFN-γ secretion in response to ConA stimulation. Although dioscorins did not affect the IgG1 levels, the IL-5 levels decreased to basal levels in mice treated with dioscorins of D. alata or D. japonica and in most of the lymphoid cells of the dioscorin-treated mice in response to ConA stimulation. The decrease of IgE and histamine levels was concomitant with an increase in IFN-γ and IgG2a levels and with a decrease in IL-5 levels, suggesting that dioscorins suppressed the OVA-induced allergic reactions, possibly through modulating an imbalanced Th1/Th2 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jhen Hsu
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University , Hualien County 974, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Dey P, Roy S, Chaudhuri TK. Stimulation of Murine Immune Response by the Tubers of Dioscorea alata L. of North-Eastern Region of India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12595-013-0082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Gagat P, Bodył A, Mackiewicz P. How protein targeting to primary plastids via the endomembrane system could have evolved? A new hypothesis based on phylogenetic studies. Biol Direct 2013; 8:18. [PMID: 23845039 PMCID: PMC3716720 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6150-8-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is commonly assumed that a heterotrophic ancestor of the supergroup Archaeplastida/Plantae engulfed a cyanobacterium that was transformed into a primary plastid; however, it is still unclear how nuclear-encoded proteins initially were imported into the new organelle. Most proteins targeted to primary plastids carry a transit peptide and are transported post-translationally using Toc and Tic translocons. There are, however, several proteins with N-terminal signal peptides that are directed to higher plant plastids in vesicles derived from the endomembrane system (ES). The existence of these proteins inspired a hypothesis that all nuclear-encoded, plastid-targeted proteins initially carried signal peptides and were targeted to the ancestral primary plastid via the host ES. Results We present the first phylogenetic analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana α-carbonic anhydrase (CAH1), Oryza sativa nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP1), and two O. sativa α-amylases (αAmy3, αAmy7), proteins that are directed to higher plant primary plastids via the ES. We also investigated protein disulfide isomerase (RB60) from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii because of its peculiar dual post- and co-translational targeting to both the plastid and ES. Our analyses show that these proteins all are of eukaryotic rather than cyanobacterial origin, and that their non-plastid homologs are equipped with signal peptides responsible for co-translational import into the host ES. Our results indicate that vesicular trafficking of proteins to primary plastids evolved long after the cyanobacterial endosymbiosis (possibly only in higher plants) to permit their glycosylation and/or transport to more than one cellular compartment. Conclusions The proteins we analyzed are not relics of ES-mediated protein targeting to the ancestral primary plastid. Available data indicate that Toc- and Tic-based translocation dominated protein import into primary plastids from the beginning. Only a handful of host proteins, which already were targeted through the ES, later were adapted to reach the plastid via the vesicular trafficking. They represent a derived class of higher plant plastid-targeted proteins with an unusual evolutionary history. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Prof. William Martin, Dr. Philippe Deschamps (nominated by Dr. Purificacion Lopez-Garcia) and Dr Simonetta Gribaldo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Gagat
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Przybyszewskiego 63/77, Wrocław 51-148, Poland
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Tsai WY, Jheng YJ, Chen KH, Lin KW, Ho YP, Yang CC, Lin KC. Molecular cloning, structural analysis and mass spectrometric identification of native dioscorins of various yam species. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:761-770. [PMID: 22806688 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dioscorins are the major storage proteins of yam tubers. However, the molecular nature of their heterogeneity in tubers has not been fully elucidated. In this study the authors isolated the dioscorin gene families of Dioscorea japonica and Dioscorea pseudojaponica, performed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and elucidated which dioscorin isoforms are the major constituents in tubers. RESULTS The dioscorin gene families of D. japonica (Dj-dioA1-Dj-dioA4, Dj-dioB1 and Dj-dioB2) and D. pseudojaponica (Dp-dioA1-Dp-dioA5 and Dp-dioB1) were cloned from cDNA libraries of yam tubers. The dioscorins isolated from Dioscorea alata (Da-dioscorins), D. japonica (Dj-dioscorins) and D. pseudojaponica (Dp-dioscorins) were mainly monomers, with a few dimers. The monomers contained one intramolecular disulfide bond (Cys(28)-Cys(187)) and belonged to Class A dioscorins with two cysteine residues. The dimers consisted of Class B dioscorins with one intermolecular disulfide bond (Cys(40)-Cys(40)). Results of MALDI-TOF-MS revealed that the Da-dioscorins were mainly encoded by Da-dioA2, Da-dioA3 and Da-dioA4. The majority of the Dj-dioscorins were encoded by Dj-dioA1, Dj-dioA2, Dj-dioA3 and Dj-dioB2. The Dp-dioscorins mainly comprised proteins encoded by Dp-dioA1, Dp-dioA3, Dp-dioA4, Dp-dioB1 and Dp-dioB2. CONCLUSION Determination of the constituents of dioscorin isoforms in yam tubers provides a basis for future studies of their physiological and biomedical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Tsai
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien County 974, Taiwan
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21
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Nagai T, Suzuki N, Kai N, Tanoue Y. Functional properties of autolysate and enzymatic hydrolysates from yam tsukuneimo (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) tuber mucilage tororo: antioxidative activity and antihypertensive activity. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2012; 51:3838-45. [PMID: 25477651 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Yam tsukuneimo tuber mucilage tororo hydrolysates were prepared by autolysis and three different peptic enzymes. Except for pepsin hydrolysate, tororo was perfectly digested. Each hydrolysate for 100 mg/ml significantly prolonged the induction period of auto-oxidation of linoleic acid, which was similar to 5 mM ascorbic acid. These hydrolysates also possessed high scavenging activities such as superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and DPPH radicals. Moreover, high antihypertensive activities were detected in these hydrolysates except for autolysate, which were similar to various fermented foods such as miso, natto, sake, cheese, and so on. Present findings suggest that yam tsukuneimo tuber mucilage tororo may be useful for preventing diseases associated with reactive oxygen species and blood pressure in the body system and it can fully absorb the useful components from it to digest using the gastrointestinal enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nagai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Yamagata University, Yamagata, 9978555 Japan ; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Iwate, 0208550 Japan ; Graduate School of Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | | | - Norihisa Kai
- National Fisheries University, Yamaguchi, 7596595 Japan
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22
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Picone D, Temussi PA. Dissimilar sweet proteins from plants: oddities or normal components? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 195:135-142. [PMID: 22921007 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The fruits of a few tropical plants contain intensely sweet proteins. Their common property points to a protein family. Generally, proteins belonging to the same family share similar folds, similar sequences and, at least in part, similar function but sweet proteins constitute an exception to this rule. Apart from sharing the rather unusual taste function, they show no obvious similarities either in their sequences or in three-dimensional structures. In this review we describe the nature, structure and mechanism of action of the best known sweet tasting proteins, including two taste modifying proteins. Sweet proteins stand out among sweet molecules because their volume is not compatible with an interaction with orthosteric active sites of the sweet taste receptor. The best explanation of their mechanism of action is the interaction with the external surface of the sweet taste receptor, according to a model that has been named "wedge model". It is hypothesized that this mode of action may be related to the ability of other members of their protein families to inhibit different enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Picone
- Università di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 45, Naples 80126, Italy
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23
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Jheng YJ, Tsai WY, Chen KH, Lin KW, Chyan CL, Yang CC, Lin KC. Recombinant dioscorins of the yam storage protein expressed in Escherichia coli exhibit antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 85:77-85. [PMID: 22796748 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dioscorins, the major storage proteins in yam tubers, exhibit biochemical and immunomodulatroy activities. To investigate the potential application of dioscorins in biomedical research, we expressed the dioscorin genes Dj-dioA3 and Dp-dioA2 from Dioscorea japonica and Dioscorea pseudojaponica, respectively, in E. coli and routinely obtained approximately 15 mg proteins per liter Escherichia coli culture (mg/L) to 30 mg/L of rDj-dioscorinA3 and 4 to 8 mg/L of rDp-dioscorinA2. Western blot analyses revealed that both recombinant dioscorins contained epitopes with similar antigenicities to those of the native dioscorins. Results from dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment followed by monobromobimane (mBBr) staining showed that both recombinant dioscorins, like the native dioscorins, contain an intramolecular disulfide bond between Cys(28) and Cys(187) residues. Circular dichroism spectroscopy findings indicated that the secondary structural contents of the recombinant dioscorins showed high similarity to those of their corresponding native dioscorins. Both recombinant dioscorins, like the native dioscorins, exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling activities, and stimulated the phagocytosis of E. coli by macrophage. Overall, our results indicated that substantial amounts of recombinant dioscorins can be purified easily from E. coli and that these recombinant dioscorins are appropriate for application in future investigations of the biomedical functions of dioscorins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jyun Jheng
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien County 974, Taiwan, ROC
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24
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Kao WT, Chang CT, Lin KW. Antioxidant and trypsin inhibition activity of dioscorin influenced by yam cultivars and eluent pH. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.02984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xue YL, Miyakawa T, Sawano Y, Tanokura M. Cloning of genes and enzymatic characterizations of novel dioscorin isoforms from Dioscorea japonica. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 183:14-9. [PMID: 22195572 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dioscorin, the major tuber storage protein of yam, has been shown to possess carbonic anhydrase, trypsin inhibitor, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities. In the present study, dioscorin from Dioscorea japonica was confirmed as a glycoprotein using the enhanced concanavalin A-peroxidase staining method, and the protein was shown to have both N- and O-glycans. Following the gene cloning, four full-length isoforms of dioscorin were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity purification and anion-exchange chromatography for structural and biochemical experiments. It was clearly observed that the recombinant dioscorins had carbonic anhydrase, trypsin inhibitor, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities. However, the dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities were markedly decreased in recombinant dioscorins compared with native dioscorin. The decreased activities were closely related to the loss of the glycosylation from the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Xue
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Xue YL, Miyakawa T, Sawano Y, Tanokura M. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of dioscorin from Dioscorea japonica. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:193-5. [PMID: 22297997 PMCID: PMC3274401 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309111053723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dioscorin, the major tuber storage protein in yam, has been reported to possess carbonic anhydrase, trypsin inhibitor, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, free-radical scavenger, dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities. Recent research has also found that dioscorin can enhance immune modulation via the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) signal transduction pathway in RAW 264.7 cells, murine bone-marrow cells and human monocytes ex vivo. Resolving the structure of dioscorin would help in better understanding its activities and would provide clues to understanding the mechanism of its multiple functions. The full-length protein (residues 1-246) with an additional His(6) tag at the N-terminus was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) cells. After His-tag cleavage and purification, the protein was crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method at 278 K. An X-ray diffraction data set was collected to a resolution of 2.11 Å using a synchrotron X-ray source. The crystal belonged to space group C222(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 83.5, b = 156.8, c = 83.6 Å, and was estimated to contain two protein molecules per asymmetric unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Xue
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoriko Sawano
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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28
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Rode C, Gallien S, Heintz D, Van Dorsselaer A, Braun HP, Winkelmann T. Enolases: storage compounds in seeds? Evidence from a proteomic comparison of zygotic and somatic embryos of Cyclamen persicum Mill. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 75:305-19. [PMID: 21249422 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis is well established for the economic relevant ornamental crop Cyclamen and thus could supplement the elaborate propagation via seeds. However, the use of somatic embryogenesis for commercial large scale propagation is still limited due to physiological disorders and asynchronous development within emerged embryos. To overcome these problems, profound knowledge of the physiological processes in Cyclamen embryogenesis is essential. Thus, the proteomes of somatic and zygotic embryos were characterised in a comparative approach. Protein separation via two dimensional IEF-SDS PAGE led to a resolution of more than 1,000 protein spots/gel. Overall, 246 proteins were of differential abundance in the two tissues compared. Mass spectrometry analysis of the 300 most abundant protein spots resulted in the identification of 247 proteins, which represent 90 distinct protein species. Fifty-five percent of the 247 proteins belong to only three physiological categories: glycolysis, protein folding and stress response. The latter physiological process was especially predominant in the somatic embryos. Remarkably, the glycolytic enzyme enolase was the protein most frequently detected and thus is supposed to play an important role in Cyclamen embryogenesis. Data are presented that indicate involvement of "small enolases" as storage proteins in Cyclamen. A digital reference map was established via a novel software tool for the web-based presentation of proteome data linked to KEGG and ExPasy protein-databases and both were made publicly available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Rode
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany.
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Mignouna HD, Abang MM, Asiedu R, Geeta R. True yams (Dioscorea): a biological and evolutionary link between eudicots and grasses. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2010; 2009:pdb.emo136. [PMID: 20150048 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.emo136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dioscorea (true yams) is a large genus that contains species important as food (with edible tubers) or as sources of bioactive substances used in a range of applications. Dioscorea is a major staple food in many parts of the world, especially in West Africa and the Pacific islands, and serves as a famine food in many regions. It is a critically important but neglected crop, which is likely to increase in importance as climate change leads to necessary changes in global food systems. It is a herbaceous, climbing, tropical monocot that looks rather like a dicot, and is part of a lineage that is relatively closely related to the phylogenetically derived group containing the grasses. Therefore, it represents an important biological link between the eudicots and grasses--groups that contain all the model flowering plant species--and has the potential to fill gaps in our knowledge of plant biology and evolution. Yams also offer us the possibility to gain new insights into processes such as tuberization and sex determination, which cannot be studied in current model organisms. This combination of rising importance due to its socioeconomic significance and interesting biology and evolutionary position justify its potential as a model organism. This potential remains to be harnessed, and much of the current work on yam is directed toward its role as a food crop. This aspect will remain important, but its potential for answering questions of basic biological interest will be a major motivation for researchers interested in this organism.
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Missing the Subcellular Target: A Mechanism of Eukaryotic Gene Evolution. Evol Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-00952-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Inhibitory effect of 30-kDa phytoglycoprotein on expression of TNF-α and COX-2 via activation of PKCα and ERK 1/2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 317:151-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chen YT, Kao WT, Lin KW. Effects of pH on the total phenolic compound, antioxidative ability and the stability of dioscorin of various yam cultivars. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hur GY, Park HJ, Kim HA, Ye YM, Park HS. Identification of Dioscorea batatas (sanyak) allergen as an inhalant and oral allergen. J Korean Med Sci 2008; 23:72-6. [PMID: 18303202 PMCID: PMC2526494 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2008.23.1.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea batatas is widely used in Asia as a herbal medicine or food product with potential health benefits. There have been several reports of occupational asthma caused by inhalation of D. batatas dust. However, there has been no report of systemic allergic reactions after oral administration of D. batatas. Two patients with D. batatas allergy were enrolled. One had experienced severe urticaria and angioedema after indigestion, and the other had been exposed to D. batatas dust and was diagnosed as having occupational asthma. Both patients had high serum-specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies to D. batatas. And IgE immunoblot demonstrated that both sera bound to a 27-kDa protein with an IgE-binding motif, which was revealed by 2-D-electrophoresis to have the sequence Asn-Val-Glu-Asp-Glu-Phe-Ser-X-Ile- Glu-Gly-Asn-Pro-X-X-Pro-Glu-Asn-X-Gly (pI 6.40, 6.04). In conclusion, discorin from D. batatas (DB3S) was identified as the major allergen of D. batatas in patients sensitized via an oral or inhalant route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Young Hur
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Han-Jung Park
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ah Kim
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young-Min Ye
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Kinoshita M, Yunoki K, Tokuji Y, Kawahara M, Ohba K, Hironaka K, Ohnishi M. Prevention of Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation by Dietary Chinese Yam (D. opposita THUNB.) in 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-treated Mice. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.55.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Liu YW, Shang HF, Wang CK, Hsu FL, Hou WC. Immunomodulatory activity of dioscorin, the storage protein of yam (Dioscorea alata cv. Tainong No. 1) tuber. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:2312-8. [PMID: 17637490 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purified dioscorin from yam (Dioscorea alata L. cv. Tainong 1) tuber was previously reported (Hsu et al., 2002. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 6109-6113). In this report, we evaluated its immunomodulatory ability in vitro in the presence of polymyxin B (50 microg/ml) to eliminate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contamination. Dioscorin (5-100 microg/ml) was able to stimulate nitric oxide production (expressed as nitrite concentrations) in RAW264.7 cells. The stimulation index on the phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells against E. coli and the oxidative burst (determined by the intensity of rhodamine fluorescence) of RAW264.7 cells were both enhanced by different concentrations of dioscorin (5-100 microg/ml). The cytokine production, including IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta in dioscorin-treated RAW264.7 cells or human monocytes, was measured in the cultured medium. Dioscorin (5-100 microg/ml) was found able to induce IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta production in RAW264.7 cells and human monocytes. To evaluate the effects of dioscorin on the proliferation of spleen cells from BALB/c mice, phytohemagglutinin (PHA, 2 microg/ml) alone or PHA mixed with different concentrations of dioscorin (10, 25, and 50 microg/ml) was used to treat spleen cells for 24h. The stimulated proliferation index of splenic cells ranged from 1.38- to 1.48-fold of PHA alone for PHA mixed with different concentrations of dioscorin (10, 25, and 50 microg/ml). We suggest that the tuber storage protein of yam dioscorin functions as an immunomodulatory substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Wenn Liu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Nagai T, Nagashima T, Suzuki N. Purification and Partial Characterization of Major Viscous Protein from Yam (Dioscorea oppositaThunb.) Tuber Mucilagetororo. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910600923296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chuang MT, Lin YS, Hou WC. Ancordin, the major rhizome protein of madeira-vine, with trypsin inhibitory and stimulatory activities in nitric oxide productions. Peptides 2007; 28:1311-6. [PMID: 17499881 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis, or the synonymous name of Boussingaultia baselloides or Boussingaultia gracilis var. pseudobaselloides, is a South American species of ornamental succulent vine, commonly known as the madeira-vine. The fresh leaves of madeira-vine are frequently used as vegetables. A. cordifolia is an evergreen climber that grows from fleshy rhizomes. The rhizome contained one major (23kDa) protein band under non-reducing condition in the SDS-PAGE. The first 15 amino acids in the N-terminal region of the major protein band (23kDa), named tentatively ancordin, were KDDLLVLDIGGNPVV which were highly homologous to sequences of winged bean seed protein ws-1, Medicago truncatula proteinase inhibitor, soybean trypsin inhibitor, and sporamin. By using activity stains, the ancordin showed trypsin inhibitory activity in the SDS-PAGE gel which was found not only in rhizomes but also in aerial tubers, but few in fresh leaves. The crude extracts from rhizomes of madeira-vine were directly loaded onto trypsin-Sepharose 4B affinity column. After washing with 100mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.9) containing 100mM NaCl, the ancordin was eluted directly by 0.2M KC1-HC1 buffer (pH 2.0). In calculation, the purified protein exhibited 0.0428mug trypsin inhibition/mug ancordin (corresponding to 0.53 unit of TPCK-treated trypsin inhibited/mug ancordin). The purified ancordin was used to evaluate the nitric oxide productions in RAW264.7 cells in the presence of polymyxin B (poly B, 50microg/ml) to eliminate the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contaminations. It was found that ancordin (1.25-5microg/ml) could dose-dependently (R=0.954) stimulate the nitric oxide (NO) productions (expressed as nitrite concentrations) in RAW264.7 cells without significant cytotoxicity, and kept the similar effects in NO production in 6.25microg/ml ancordin.
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Effects of heating temperature on the total phenolic compound, antioxidative ability and the stability of dioscorin of various yam cultivars. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nagai T, Suzuki N, Nagashima T. Antioxidative activity of water extracts from the yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) tuber mucilagetororo. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200500231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Fu YC, Chen S, Lai YJ. Centrifugation and Foam Fractionation Effect on Mucilage Recovery from Dioscorea (Yam) Tuber. J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb09937.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Liao YH, Tseng CY, Chen W. Structural characterization of dioscorin, the major tuber protein of yams, by near infrared Raman spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/28/1/025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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MYODA T, MATSUDA Y, SUZUKI T, NAKAGAWA T, NAGAI T, NAGASHIMA T. Identification of Soluble Proteins and Interaction with Mannan in Mucilage of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. (Chinese Yam Tuber). FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2006. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.12.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sasikiran K, Rekha MR, Padmaja G. Purification and Partial Characterization of Proteinase andα-Amylase Inhibitors from Lesser Yam (Dioscorea esculenta). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/jfp-120025395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Carter C, Thornburg RW. Is the nectar redox cycle a floral defense against microbial attack? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2004; 9:320-4. [PMID: 15231276 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2004.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Many angiosperms use a remarkable reproductive strategy that relies on attracting animals (insect, avian or mammalian pollinators) to transfer pollen between plants. Relying on other organisms for sexual reproduction seems evolutionarily untenable, but the great diversity of angiosperms illustrates how highly successful this strategy is. To attract pollinators, plants offer a variety of rewards. Perhaps the primary floral reward is floral nectar. Plant nectar has long been considered a simple sugar solution but recent work has demonstrated that nectar is a complex biological fluid containing significant and important biochemistry with the potential function of inhibiting microbial growth. These results lead the way to novel insights into the mechanisms of floral defense and the co-evolution of angiosperms and their pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clay Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Gaidamashvili M, Ohizumi Y, Iijima S, Takayama T, Ogawa T, Muramoto K. Characterization of the yam tuber storage proteins from Dioscorea batatas exhibiting unique lectin activities. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:26028-35. [PMID: 15047697 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m402139200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Four major proteins designated DB1, DB2, DB3, and DB4 were isolated and characterized from the yam tuber Dioscorea batatas. The ratios of their yields were 20:50:20:10. DB1 was a mannose-binding lectin (20 kDa) consisting of 10-kDa subunits and was classified as the monocot mannose-binding lectin family. DB2, accounting for 50% of the total protein, was the storage protein, commonly called dioscorins consisting of a 31-kDa subunit. On the basis of amino acid sequence, DB2 was classified to be dioscorin A. DB3 was a maltose-binding lectin, having an apparent molecular mass of 120 kDa and composed of a 66-kDa subunit and two 31-kDa subunits (DB3S). The 66-kDa subunit was further composed of two 31-kDa subunits (DB3L) cross-linked by disulfide bonds. DB3L and DB3S (242 and 241 amino acid residues, respectively) were homologous with each other with 72% sequence identity. They showed a sequence homology to dioscorin B and dioscorin A from Dioscorea alata, with 90 and 93% identity, respectively, and to carbonic anhydrase from Arabidopsis thaliana with about 45% identity. DB3S had one intrachain disulfide bond located at Cys(28)-Cys(187), whereas DB3L had one interchain disulfide bond (Cys(40)-Cys(40)') in addition to the intrachain disulfide bond (Cys(28)-Cys(188)) to form a 66-kDa subunit. DB1 and DB3 agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes at 2.7 and 3.9 microg/ml, respectively. Despite the structural homology between DB2 and DB3, DB2 had no lectin activity. The 66-kDa subunit itself revealed the full hemagglutinating activity of DB3, indicating that DB3L but not DB3S was responsible for the activity. The hemagglutinating activity of DB3 required Ca(2+) ions and was exclusively inhibited by maltose and oligomaltoses (e.g. maltopentaose and maltohexaose) but not by d-glucose. DB3 could not be classified into any known plant lectin family. DB4 was a chitinase, homologous to an acidic chitinase from Dioscorea japonica. DB1, DB2, and DB3 did not show any activity of carbonic anhydrase, amylase, or trypsin inhibitor activity. These results show that two of the four major proteins isolated from the yam tubers D. batatas have unique lectin activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Gaidamashvili
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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Avice JC, Dily FL, Goulas E, Noquet C, Meuriot F, Volenec JJ, Cunningham SM, Sors TG, Dhont C, Castonguay Y, Nadeau P, Bélanger G, Chalifour FP, Ourry A. Vegetative storage proteins in overwintering storage organs of forage legumes: roles and regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1139/b03-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In perennial forage legumes such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.), vegetative storage proteins are extensively mobilized to meet the nitrogen requirements of new shoot growth in spring or after cutting in summer. The 32-kDa alfalfa storage protein possesses high homology with class III chitinases, belonging to a group of pathogenesis-related proteins that possess antifreeze protein properties in some species and exhibit chitinolytic activity in vitro. This protein and the corresponding mRNA accumulate in taproots of cold-hardy culti vars during acclimation for winter, and in response to short-day conditions in controlled environments. The 17.3-kDa storage protein of white clover possesses high homology with pathogenesis-related proteins and abscisic- acid-responsive proteins from several legume species and has characteristics common to stress-responsive proteins. Low temperature enhances accumulation of this 17.3-kDa protein and its corresponding transcript. Exogenous abscisic acid stimulates the accumulation of vegetative storage proteins and their transcripts in both legume species. These observations suggest that vegetative storage proteins do not exclusively serve as nitrogen reserves during specific phases of legume development, but may play important adaptive roles in plant protection against abiotic (low temperature) and biotic (pathogen attack) stresses.Key words: nitrogen reserves, vegetative storage proteins, regulation, cold tolerance, chitinase, pathogenesis-related proteins.
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Chen HL, Wang CH, Chang CT, Wang TC. Effects of Taiwanese yam (Dioscorea japonica Thunb var. pseudojaponica Yamamoto) on upper gut function and lipid metabolism in Balb/c mice. Nutrition 2003; 19:646-51. [PMID: 12831952 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(03)00058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of a Taiwanese yam, Dioscorea japonica Thunb var. pseudojaponica Yamamoto, on upper gut function and lipid metabolism in adult Balb/c mice. METHODS Mice were randomly allocated to consume the control, 25%, or 50% yam diet in which yam in an uncooked lyophilized form was incorporated into the diet for 21 d. RESULTS Growth rates were similar among groups, even though the apparent protein absorption rate was decreased by the 50% yam diet. Both yam diets decreased gastric villous width but did not significantly modulate other morphologic and proliferative indices. Brush-border leucine aminopeptidase activities in the small intestine were increased approximately 30% by the 25% and 50% yam diets, respectively. In contrast, sucrase activity was decreased 40% by the 25% yam diet and 50% by the 50% yam diet. The 50% yam diet consistently improved the cholesterol profile in the plasma and liver, whereas the 25% yam diet reduced only the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma. Changes in blood lipid levels were associated with reduced fat absorption. CONCLUSION A 25% uncooked yam diet may benefit upper gut function and prevent hypercholesterolemia in humans, but the 50% yam diet negatively affected protein absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao- Ling Chen
- Institute of Nutritional Science, School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, People's Republic of China.
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Effects of Taiwanese yam (Dioscorea alata L. cv. Tainung No. 2) on the mucosal hydrolase activities and lipid metabolism in Balb/c mice. Nutr Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(03)00036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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