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Akash SR, Tabassum A, Aditee LM, Rahman A, Hossain MI, Hannan MA, Uddin MJ. Pharmacological insight of rutin as a potential candidate against peptic ulcer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116961. [PMID: 38901206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcer is a sore on the stomach lining that results from the erosion of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa due to various influencing factors. Of these, Helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) stand out as the most prominent causes. This condition poses a significant global health concern due to its widespread impact on individuals worldwide. While various treatment strategies have been employed, including proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists, these have notable side effects and limitations. Thus, there is a pressing need for new treatments to address this global health issue. Rutin, a natural flavonoid, exhibits a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. This review explores the potential anti-ulcer effect of rutin in experimental models and how rutin can be a better alternative for treating peptic ulcers. We used published literature from different online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. This work highlights the abundance of rutin in various natural sources and its potential as a promising option for peptic ulcer treatment. Notably, the anti-inflammatory properties of rutin, which involve inhibiting inflammatory mediators and the COX-2 enzyme, are emphasized. While acknowledging the potential of rutin, it is important to underscore the necessity for further research to fully delineate its therapeutic potential and clinical applicability in managing peptic ulcers and ultimately improving patient outcomes. This review on the anti-ulcer potential of rutin opened a new door for further study in the field of alternative medicine in peptic ulcer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajidur Rahman Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangladesh University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Afrida Tabassum
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Lamisa Manha Aditee
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (MNS), BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Abidur Rahman
- Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Imran Hossain
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Md Abdul Hannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh.
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2
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Naseeb M, Albajri E, Almasaudi A, Alamri T, Niyazi HA, Aljaouni S, Mohamed AB, Niyazi HA, Ali AS, Shaker Ali S, Saber SH, Abuaraki HA, Haque S, Harakeh S. Rutin Promotes Wound Healing by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Metformin-Controlled Diabetes in Rats. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32394-32406. [PMID: 39100330 PMCID: PMC11292823 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with a notable increase in global incidence in recent years. Individuals diagnosed with diabetes are at an elevated risk of morbidity and mortality compared with the general population. For several years, the potential of phytochemicals as anti-inflammatory agents to improve the healing of diabetic wounds has been under investigation. Rutin, a flavonoid, is a particularly promising candidate for use in wound healing. Our study aims to investigate the potential impact of a topical application of rutin nanoformulation on wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic rats controlled with metformin, with a focus on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Rats are randomized into 3 groups. GI: diabetic control group; wound untreated. GII: diabetes and rutin-NP-treated wound. GIII: diabetic + β-sitosterol-treated wound. The findings suggest that topical application of rutin-NPs has the potential to enhance the wound-healing process by attenuating oxidative stress, as evidenced by restoring GSH, CAT, and SOD antioxidants, and decreasing MDA production mediated by Nrf2 activation. Also, inflammation is suppressed, as indicated by the decreased CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. Molecular docking data confirm the biological data of rutin, where rutin is docked into the catalytic site of the X-ray crystallographic structures of CRP, Keap-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α via grid-based ligand docking. The binding affinity and binding energy of ligand-protein interactions demonstrate the affinity and binding to the specifically selected proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Naseeb
- Department
of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eram Albajri
- Department
of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Almasaudi
- Department
of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alamri
- Family
and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatoon A. Niyazi
- Department
of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad Aljaouni
- Department
of Haematology/Pediatric Oncology, KAUH, Faculty of Medicine (FM), KAU, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Yousef
Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application,
Faculty of Medicine, KAU, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman B.
O. Mohamed
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King
Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
(SA)
| | - Hanouf A. Niyazi
- Department
of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Ali
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King
Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
(SA)
| | - Soad Shaker Ali
- Department
of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saber H. Saber
- Laboratory
of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 2063045, Egypt
| | - Huda Ahmed Abuaraki
- Animal
Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research
and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert
and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut 11022801, Lebanon
- Centre
of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 13306, United Arab
Emirates
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King
Fahd Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Yousef
Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application,
Faculty of Medicine, KAU, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Galbusera V, Lattuada B, Pinto A, Barbiroli A, Borgonovo G, Ragg EM. Fagopyrins from Buckwheat Flowers: Structural and Stereochemical Characterization Through Combined NMR/CD Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculations. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400082. [PMID: 38628039 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Fagopyrins are phenantroperylenequinones present in the flowers of Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat) endowed with photodynamic activity. It has been reported that fagopyrin extracts actually contain a complex mixture of closely related compounds, differing only on the nature of the perylenequinone substituents. We report our systematic and detailed study on the chemical composition of fagopyrin extracts by a combination of preparative and analytical techniques. The combined use of 1H-NMR and CD spectroscopy was found to be particularly suited to fully characterize all stereochemical aspects of the extracted fagopyrins. For the first time nine isomers have been structurally characterized and their stereochemistry fully elucidated. The presence of two different heterocyclic ring substituents, two stereogenic centers and the inherent axial chirality of the aromatic system provides a complex stereochemical relationships among isomers, thus giving account of the high level of molecular multiplicity found in the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Galbusera
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Benedetta Lattuada
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Gigliola Borgonovo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Enzio M Ragg
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Wang L, Zhao J, Mao Y, Liu L, Li C, Wu H, Zhao H, Wu Q. Tartary buckwheat rutin: Accumulation, metabolic pathways, regulation mechanisms, and biofortification strategies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108503. [PMID: 38484679 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Rutin is a significant flavonoid with strong antioxidant property and various therapeutic effects. It plays a crucial role in disease prevention and human health maintenance, especially in anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and cardiovascular effects. While many plants can synthesize and accumulate rutin, tartary buckwheat is the only food crop possessing high levels of rutin. At present, the rutin content (RC) is regarded as the key index for evaluating the nutritional quality of tartary buckwheat. Consequently, rutin has become the focus for tartary buckwheat breeders and has made considerable progress. Here, we summarize research on the rutin in tartary buckwheat in the past two decades, including its accumulation, biosynthesis and breakdown pathways, and regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we propose several strategies to increase the RC in tartary buckwheat seeds based on current knowledge. This review aims to provide valuable references for elevating the quality of tartary buckwheat in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Jiali Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yuanbin Mao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Linling Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Huala Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China.
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5
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Singh S, Shukla A, Sharma S. Overview of Natural Supplements for the Management of Diabetes and Obesity. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e061123223235. [PMID: 37933216 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998262859231020071715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds found in various natural sources, such as fruits, vegetables, and herbs, have been studied for their potential benefits in managing obesity and diabetes. These compounds include polyphenols, flavonoids, other antioxidants, fiber, and certain fatty acids. Studies have found that these compounds may improve insulin sensitivity, regulate blood sugar levels, and promote weight loss. However, the effects of these compounds can vary depending on the type and amount consumed, as well as individual factors, such as genetics and lifestyle. Nutraceutical substances have multifaceted therapeutic advantages, and they have been reported to have disease-prevention and health-promoting properties. Several clinically used nutraceuticals have been shown to target the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome and their complications and modulate various clinical outcomes favorably. This review aims to highlight and comment on some of the most prominent natural components used as antidiabetics and in managing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Arpit Shukla
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Shiwangi Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
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6
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Kostyukova YA. Phenolic Determination in Proembryogenic Cell Complexes of Buckwheat Morphogenic Cell Culture with Osmium Tetroxide, Toluidine Blue O Dye, and Iron Chloride. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2791:35-43. [PMID: 38532090 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3794-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The study of the localization of secondary metabolites in both plants and the cell cultures on the intravital sections is hampered by the difficulty of obtaining thin, correctly oriented sections. Techniques for fixing tissues in resins allow these difficulties to be overcome. Properly selected tissue fixation techniques allow using different dyes to identify the compound of interest. In addition, some components of tissue fixation can act as fixatives and as a dye for identifying secondary metabolites. For example, osmium tetroxide, which fixes lipids in tissues, stains phenolic compounds black. This paper describes methods for the detection of phenolic compounds in morphogenic callus culture of buckwheat using osmium tetroxide, Toluidine Blue O dye, and ferric chloride as dyes in epoxy resin-embedded cell culture with double fixation of the material and when material fixed in Karnovsky's fixative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Kostyukova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia.
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7
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Kumar S, Chhabra V, Shenoy S, Daksh R, Ravichandiran V, Swamy RS, Kumar N. Role of Flavonoids in Modulation of Mitochondria Dynamics during Oxidative Stress. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:908-919. [PMID: 37861054 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575259219230920093214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are a widespread category of naturally occurring polyphenols distinguished by the flavan nucleus in plant-based foods and beverages, known for their various health benefits. Studies have suggested that consuming 150-500 mg of flavonoids daily is beneficial for health. Recent studies suggest that flavonoids are involved in maintaining mitochondrial activity and preventing impairment of mitochondrial dynamics by oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE This review emphasized the significance of studying the impact of flavonoids on mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. METHODS This review analysed and summarised the findings related to the impact of flavonoids on mitochondria from publicly available search engines namely Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. DESCRIPTION Any disruption in mitochondrial dynamics can contribute to cellular dysfunction and diseases, including cancer, cardiac conditions, and neurodegeneration. Flavonoids have been shown to modulate mitochondrial dynamics by regulating protein expression involved in fission and fusion events. Furthermore, flavonoids exhibit potent antioxidant properties by lowering the production of ROS and boosting the performance of antioxidant enzymes. Persistent inflammation is a characteristic of many different disorders. This is because flavonoids also alter the inflammatory response by controlling the expression of numerous cytokines and chemokines involved in the inflammatory process. Flavonoids exhibit an impressive array of significant health effects, making them an effective therapeutic agent for managing various disorders. Further this review summarised available mechanisms underlying flavonoids' actions on mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative stress to recognize the optimal dose and duration of flavonoid intake for therapeutic purposes. CONCLUSION This review may provide a solid foundation for developing targeted therapeutic interventions utilizing flavonoids, ultimately benefiting individuals afflicted with various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachindra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, India
| | - Vishal Chhabra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, India
| | - Smita Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Rajni Daksh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, India
| | - Ravindra Shantakumar Swamy
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences (DBMS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, India
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8
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Chitrakar B, Hou Y, Devahastin S, Zhang M, Sang Y. Protocols for extraction and purification of rutin from leafy by-products of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) and characterization of the purified product. Food Chem 2023; 418:136014. [PMID: 37001361 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Valorization of asparagus leafy by-products as a potential source of rutin through selected extraction and purification protocols was investigated. Protocol resulting in the highest extraction yield was first selected. Crude extract was subject to purification via multiple liquid-liquid back extraction using ethanol, methanol or water as a solvent; selection of the most appropriate purification solvent was made based on rutin solubility. The proposed purification protocol yielded yellow-color crystals, which were characterized by fluorescence microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to confirm them as rutin. Purity of rutin was confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography at 97.6%; yield of the purified rutin was determined to be 78.2%. The remaining rutin (21.8%) was found in the liquids collected at various stages of purification; such liquids could be recycled using the same purification process. The proposed protocols are simple, yet effective for rutin extraction and purification from asparagus leafy by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Chitrakar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Yakun Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Sakamon Devahastin
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha u-tid Road, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaxin Sang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
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Abbasi M, Gholizadeh R, Kasaee SR, Vaez A, Chelliapan S, Fadhil Al-Qaim F, Deyab IF, Shafiee M, Zareshahrabadi Z, Amani AM, Mosleh-Shirazi S, Kamyab H. An intriguing approach toward antibacterial activity of green synthesized Rutin-templated mesoporous silica nanoparticles decorated with nanosilver. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5987. [PMID: 37046068 PMCID: PMC10097644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been applied in various biomedicine fields like bioimaging, drug delivery, and antibacterial alternatives. MSNs could be manufactured through green synthetic methods as environmentally friendly and sustainable synthesis approaches, to improve physiochemical characteristics for biomedical applications. In the present research, we used Rutin (Ru) extract, a biocompatible flavonoid, as the reducing agent and nonsurfactant template for the green synthesis of Ag-decorated MSNs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta-potential, x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), brunauer-emmett-teller (BET) analysis, and energy-dispersive system (EDS) spectroscopy were used to evaluate the Ag-decorated MSNs physical characteristics. The antimicrobial properties were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and also different types of candida. The cytotoxicity test was performed by using the MTT assay. Based on the findings, the significant antimicrobial efficacy of Ru-Ag-decorated MSNs against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria and different types of fungi was detected as well as acceptable safety and low cytotoxicity even at lower concentrations. Our results have given a straightforward and cost-effective method for fabricating biodegradable Ag-decorated MSNs. The applications of these MSNs in the domains of biomedicine appear to be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Abbasi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Razieh Gholizadeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Kasaee
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
- Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jln Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Issa Farhan Deyab
- Medical Physics Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babil, 51001, Iraq
| | - Mostafa Shafiee
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zareshahrabadi
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sareh Mosleh-Shirazi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India.
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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10
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Wani MJ, Salman KA, Hashmi MA, Siddiqui S, Moin S. Rutin impedes human low-density lipoprotein from non-enzymatic glycation: A mechanistic insight against diabetes-related disorders. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124151. [PMID: 36963546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycation of human low-density protein (LDL) has an essential contribution to cardiovascular diseases. Natural compounds like rutin have been extensively studied in preventing glycation-induced oxidative stress. This study examined rutin's anti-glycation potential with glycated LDL utilizing spectroscopic and in silico methods. Glycated LDL treated with rutin, showed around 80 % inhibition in advanced glycation end-product production. Carbonyl content and lipid peroxidation like assays were used to establish the development of oxidative stress. Rutin was seen to lower the generation of oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Using thioflavin t-test and electron microscopy, rutin was suggested to restore the structural disturbances in glycated LDL. Moreover, CD spectroscopy suggested reinstation of secondary structure of glycated LDL treated with rutin. Mechanistic insights between rutin and LDL were observed through spectroscopic measures. Molecular docking study confirmed the LDL-rutin binding with a binding energy of -10.0 kcal/mol. The rutin-LDL complex was revealed to be highly stable by molecular dynamics simulation, with RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, and the secondary structure of LDL remaining essentially unchanged during the simulation period. Our study suggests that rutin possesses strong anti-glycating properties, which can be useful in therapeutics, as glycated LDL has an important role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Junaid Wani
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N.M.C., Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India.
| | - Khushtar Anwar Salman
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N.M.C., Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Md Amiruddin Hashmi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Sana Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N.M.C., Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
| | - Shagufta Moin
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N.M.C., Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India
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11
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Dey R, Samadder A, Nandi S. Exploring the Targets of Novel Corona Virus and Docking-based Screening of Potential Natural Inhibitors to Combat COVID-19. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2410-2434. [PMID: 36281864 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666221020163831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to explore natural compounds against COVID-19 due to their multitargeted actions against various targets of nCoV. They act on multiple sites rather than single targets against several diseases. Thus, there is a possibility that natural resources can be repurposed to combat COVID-19. However, the biochemical mechanisms of these inhibitors were not known. To reveal the mode of anti-nCoV action, structure-based docking plays a major role. The present study is an attempt to explore various potential targets of SARS-CoV-2 and the structure-based screening of various potential natural inhibitors to combat the novel coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishita Dey
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur, 244713, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur, 244713, India
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Kreft I, Germ M, Golob A, Vombergar B, Vollmannová A, Kreft S, Luthar Z. Phytochemistry, Bioactivities of Metabolites, and Traditional Uses of Fagopyrum tataricum. Molecules 2022; 27:7101. [PMID: 36296694 PMCID: PMC9611693 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), the edible parts are mainly grain and sprouts. Tartary buckwheat contains protecting substances, which make it possible for plants to survive on high altitudes and under strong natural ultraviolet radiation. The diversity and high content of phenolic substances are important for Tartary buckwheat to grow and reproduce under unfriendly environmental effects, diseases, and grazing. These substances are mainly flavonoids (rutin, quercetin, quercitrin, vitexin, catechin, epicatechin and epicatechin gallate), phenolic acids, fagopyrins, and emodin. Synthesis of protecting substances depends on genetic layout and on the environmental conditions, mainly UV radiation and temperature. Flavonoids and their glycosides are among Tartary buckwheat plants bioactive metabolites. Flavonoids are compounds of special interest due to their antioxidant properties and potential in preventing tiredness, diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. During the processing and production of food items, Tartary buckwheat metabolites are subjected to molecular transformations. The main Tartary buckwheat traditional food products are bread, groats, and sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kreft
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Germ
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandra Golob
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blanka Vombergar
- The Education Centre Piramida Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Alena Vollmannová
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Samo Kreft
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zlata Luthar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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Omeiza NA, Bakre AG, Abdulrahim HA, Isibor H, Ezurike PU, Sowunmi AA, Ben-Azu B, Aderibigbe AO. Pretreatment with Carpolobia lutea ethanol extract prevents schizophrenia-like behavior in mice models of psychosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 295:115432. [PMID: 35659625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Carpolobia lutea decoction is widely used as a phytotherapeutic against central nervous system-related disorders including insomnia, migraine headache, and mental illness in West and Central Tropical Africa. AIM This study was designed to investigate the antipsychotic activity of Carpolobia lutea (EECL) in mice models of psychosis. METHODS Male Swiss mice (n = 5/group) were given EECL (100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg), haloperidol (1 mg/kg), clozapine (5 mg/kg) and vehicle (10 mL/kg) orally before amphetamine (5 mg/kg)-induced hyperlocomotion and stereotypy, apomorphine (2 mg/kg)-induced stereotypy, or ketamine (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg)-induced hyperlocomotion, enhancement of immobility and cognitive impairment. RESULTS EECL (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) prevented amphetamine- and apomorphine-induced stereotypies, as well as reduced hyperlocomotion induced by amphetamine and ketamine, all of which are predictors of positive symptoms. Regardless of the dose administered, EECL prevented the index of negative symptoms induced by ketamine. Furthermore, higher doses of EECL (400 and 800 mg/kg) also prevented ketamine-induced cognitive impairment, a behavioral phenotype of cognitive symptoms. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with EECL demonstrated antipsychotic activity in mice, preventing amphetamine-, apomorphine-, and ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like symptoms, with 800 mg/kg being the most effective dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah A Omeiza
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Adewale G Bakre
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Halimat A Abdulrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Happy Isibor
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Precious U Ezurike
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abimbola A Sowunmi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Adegbuyi O Aderibigbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Guiyun C, Yushan W, Mingyue Z, Wanxing M, Xixian X, Ye C. Cold atmospheric plasma treatment improves the γ-aminobutyric acid content of buckwheat seeds providing a new anti-hypertensive functional ingredient. Food Chem 2022; 388:133064. [PMID: 35486991 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Buckwheat (BW) is rich in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which has great potential as a functional anti-hypertensive food ingredient. This study utilized cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) to promote GABA accumulation in BW during germination. The effect of this approach on GABA enrichment and anti-hypertensive activity of BW along with its processing properties were investigated. The results indicated that CAP stress treatment (50 W for 40 s) of BW seeds followed by germination at 30 °C for 60 h resulted in a GABA content of 2.22 ± 0.06 mg/g, which was a 2.64-fold greater than that of pristine BW. Cracking of the seed coat, faster germination, and the activation of glutamate decarboxylase might be responsible for the GABA enrichment. Compared with pristine BW, the GABA-enriched BW powder showed a greater inhibitory effect on the angiotensin-converting enzyme, an increased degree of pre-gelatinization and elasticity when it was formed into a dough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guiyun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wang Yushan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhang Mingyue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Meng Wanxing
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xie Xixian
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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15
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Tak AM, Hami A, Bhat B, Bhat SA, Masoodi KZ, Bhat MA, Shah MD, Khan MK, Zargar SM. Unravelling rutin content of tartary buckwheat of north western Himalayas and insights into nucleotide polymorphisms in PAL gene to infer the associations with rutin biosynthesis. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:156. [PMID: 35791410 PMCID: PMC9250572 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) has immense nutritional and nutraceutical potential. All the plant parts of buckwheat possess various metabolites, such as rutin, quercetin, vitexin etc. The high content of rutin in this pseudo cereal crop strongly adapts it to grow under adverse environments. In the present study 50 germplasm lines of Fagopyrum tataricum were used for estimation of seed endosperm rutin content through HPLC. Furthermore, molecular analysis of PAL gene (Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase), an upstream gene in rutin biosynthesis pathway was targeted for detection of SNPs to understand the variations in the concentrations of seed endosperm rutin content, among tartary buckwheat genotypes with highest and lowest seed endosperm rutin content. Three primer pairs were employed for amplification of PAL gene for F. tartaricum (covering whole gene) followed by sequencing. Rutin concentration in seed endosperm of F. tartaricum ranged from 194.86 to 1403.22 ppm with an average of 617.06 ppm. Highest rutin concentration was found in genotype BWZ90 and lowest in BWZ16. Significant variations were observed in the seed endosperm rutin content among the genotypes of tartary buckwheat. Furthermore, alignment of PAL gene sequences of genotypes with high seed endosperm rutin content and low seed endosperm rutin content revealed variations at 21 polymorphic sites. The amino acid sequences obtained from the nucleotide sequences were also aligned and the variations were detected at 19 positions. The putative protein structure showed conformational changes among predicted proteins from two contrasting genotypes for endosperm rutin content. We here established an inventory of seed endosperm rutin content of tartary buckwheat. This study also provided insights about role of these SNPs in rutin biosynthesis. Furthermore, this information can be used for breeding buckwheat for high metabolite contents. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03218-y.
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16
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Li W, Yoo E, Lee S, Noh HJ, Hwang SJ, Desta KT, Lee GA. Evaluation of Agricultural Traits, Phytochemical Contents, and Antioxidant Activities in the Leaves of Amaranth Accessions of Nine Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1758. [PMID: 35807710 PMCID: PMC9269144 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Amaranthus species are widely cultivated as dietary crops and are promising sources of phytochemical compounds with antioxidant properties. To explore Amaranthus as a potential medical resource, 289 accessions (nine species) were cultivated, and their agricultural characteristics, total phenolic content (TPC), rutin contents, and antioxidant activities [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)] were studied. Wide variations in agricultural traits, phytochemical contents, and antioxidant activities were observed between the accessions and across species. The effects of agricultural traits were evaluated, and the results indicated that yellow-flowered amaranth genotypes could be important because of their high values of TPC, rutin contents, DPPH, and ABTS. In addition, leaf length, days until 50% flowering, days until 50% heading and days until maturity, showed positive correlations with TPC, rutin contents, DPPH, and ABTS. The whole dataset was subjected to principal component analysis, and distinctive aggregation was observed across the Amaranthus species. In total, 289 accessions were clustered into three groups, and seven genotypes were determined as being good medical resources due to their high phytochemical content and antioxidant activities. Our findings provide important information for the development of new varieties with high phytochemical contents and high levels of antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilan Li
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (W.L.); (E.Y.); (S.L.); (S.J.H.); (K.T.D.)
| | - Eunae Yoo
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (W.L.); (E.Y.); (S.L.); (S.J.H.); (K.T.D.)
| | - SooKyeong Lee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (W.L.); (E.Y.); (S.L.); (S.J.H.); (K.T.D.)
| | - Hyung Jun Noh
- International Technology Cooperation Center, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Korea;
| | - So Jeong Hwang
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (W.L.); (E.Y.); (S.L.); (S.J.H.); (K.T.D.)
| | - Kebede Taye Desta
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (W.L.); (E.Y.); (S.L.); (S.J.H.); (K.T.D.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Gi-An Lee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (W.L.); (E.Y.); (S.L.); (S.J.H.); (K.T.D.)
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17
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Jan S, Ahmad J, Dar MM, Wani AA, Tahir I, Kamili AN. Development and validation of a reverse phase HPLC-DAD method for separation, detection & quantification of rutin and quercetin in buckwheat ( Fagopyrum spp .). JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:2875-2883. [PMID: 35734108 PMCID: PMC9206947 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat has tremendous nutraceutical potential owing to its rutin and quercetin content. The aim of this study was to optimise and validate an analytical method for separating and quantifying these two flavonoids from it. Factors, such as range, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection and limit of quantification, were evaluated for the two compounds using high performance liquid chromatography. On the basis of resolution and symmetry, mobile phase consisting of methanol and methanol:water:acetic acid in the ratio of (100:150:5), flow rate 1.3 ml/min and column temperature 30 °C were found to be optimal analytical conditions. Calibration curves exhibited good linearity with correlation coefficient of 0.995 & 0.9907 over the range 60-180 μg/ml & 2-10 μg/ml for rutin and quercetin respectively. LOD and LOQ values for rutin and quercetin were 6.36, 0.58 and 19.28, 1.77 μg/ml respectively. Recovery values of 96-100.8% confirmed that the method was accurate for rutin and quercetin analysis. This validated method was successfully used to analyse rutin and quercetin in leaves and seeds of buckwheat plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbi Jan
- Cytogenetics & Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Javaid Ahmad
- Cytogenetics & Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Mohd Masarat Dar
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Aijaz A. Wani
- Cytogenetics & Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Inayatullah Tahir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Azra N. Kamili
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir India
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18
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Alshahrani SM. Development and optimization of oral nanoemulsion of rutin for enhancing its dissolution rate, permeability, and oral bioavailability. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:588-597. [PMID: 35703396 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2090957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rutin-loaded nanoemulsion (NE-RU) formulation is the core research work in this report. Labrafil® M 1944 CS was used as the oil phase, Tween 80 as the surfactant, and Transcutol P as the co-surfactant in the preparation of nanoemulsion. By utilizing a three-level central composite design (CCD), the composition was optimized. The optimized formulation showed a droplet size of 98.53 ± 3.22 nm, zeta potential -46.70 ± 4.78 mV, and drug loading 92.34 ± 3.87%. The results of dissolution, permeability, and oral bioavailability showed about 25.55 folds, 1.98 folds, and 33.68 folds, respectively, in the case of NE-RU as compared to its naïve form. The response of fresh and aged NE was non-significantly different in terms of particle size, zeta potential, and drug loading, indicating that the formulation was stable. The successful development of NE-RU with an improved bioavailability profile suggested that this formulation might be used to examine the pharmacodynamics of oxidative stress-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Bio-active components in medicinal plants: A mechanistic review of their effects on fish growth and physiological parameters. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
World population is increasing at a tremendous rate so is the demand for animal-based protein. Aquaculture is a promising industry that has the potential to supply high quality protein for mankind with minimum environmental impact. In the past decade, aquaculture practices have been shifting from extensive to intensive culture. To achieve maximum production per unit area, high stocking densities are maintained in intensive aquaculture. If not managed properly, this may lead to stress in fish. Fish under stress condition show decreased growth, suppressed appetite, weakened immunity and increased susceptibility to infections. Chemicals, vaccines and antibiotics are used for the treatment of diseased fish. Use of synthetic chemicals, vaccines and antibiotics is not sustainable because pathogens develop resistance against them and they have high residues. Moreover, certain chemicals used for the treatment of fish diseases are not safe for humans therefore, are banned in some countries. Plant parts and their extracts are used in traditional medicines to cure many diseases and to improve health of mankind. In aquaculture industry, use of plants and their derivatives in fish feed to improve health status of fish is increasing. Several plants improve growth and overall health status of fish, some provide protection against pathogens by improving the immune system while others increase appetite by direct action on neuro-endocrine axis of fish. This review provides an in depth and up to date information about use of medicinal plants and their derivatives to improve growth and physiological status of fish and their possible mechanism of action.
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20
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Campo MG, Corral GM. Structural, dynamic, and hydration properties of quercetin and its aggregates in solution. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:294001. [PMID: 35472688 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac6a99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid present in the human diet with multiple health benefits. Quercetin solutions are inhomogeneous even at very low concentrations due to quercetin's tendency to aggregate. We simulate, using molecular dynamics, three systems of quercetin solutions: infinite dilution, 0.22 M, and 0.46 M. The systems at the two highest concentrations represent regions of the quercetin aggregates, in which the concentration of this molecule is unusually high. We study the behavior of this molecule, its aggregates, and the modifications in the surrounding water. In the first three successive layers of quercetin hydration, the density of water and the hydrogen bonds formations between water molecules are smaller than that of bulk. Quercetin has a hydrophilic surface region that preferentially establishes donor hydrogen bonds with water molecules with relative frequencies from 0.12 to 0.46 at infinite dilution. Also, it has two hydrophobic regions above and below the planes of its rings, whose first hydration layers are further out from quercetin (≈0.3 Å) and their water molecules do not establish hydrogen bonds with it. Water density around the hydrophobic regions is smaller than that of the hydrophilic. Quercetin molecules aggregate inπ-stacking configurations, with a distance of ≈0.37 nm between the planes of their rings, and form bonds between their hydroxyl groups. The formation of quercetin aggregates decreases the hydrogen bonds between quercetin and the surrounding water and produces a subdiffusive behavior in water molecules. Quercetin has a subdiffusive behavior even at infinite dilution, which increases with the number of molecules within the aggregates and the time they remain within them.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Campo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Uruguay 151, (6300) Santa Rosa, Argentina
| | - G M Corral
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Uruguay 151, (6300) Santa Rosa, Argentina
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21
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Bisht N, Gupta A, Awasthi P, Goel A, Chandran D, Sharma N, Singh N. Development of a rapid LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of various flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and phytohormones extracted from Medicago truncatula leaves. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2022.2040028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neema Bisht
- Advanced Technology Platform Centre, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Arunima Gupta
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Pallavi Awasthi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Atul Goel
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Divya Chandran
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Advanced Technology Platform Centre, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Nirpendra Singh
- Advanced Technology Platform Centre, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
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22
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Hamamdia FZ, Messiad H, Belguidoum K, Lemouari N, Amira-Guebailia H. Synthesis, spectroscopic and thermodynamic study of charge transfer complexes of natural drug rutin as donor with Π-acceptors; 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone and tetracyanoethylene. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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MAZAHIR M, AHMED A, AHMAD A, AHMAD MS, KHAN MA, MANZOOR MF. Extraction and determination of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of buckwheat seed milling fractions. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.81721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asif AHMAD
- PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Pakistan
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Abualhasan M, Assali M, Mahmoud A, Zaid AN, Malkieh N. Synthesis of rutin derivatives to enhance lipid solubility and development of topical formulation with a validated analytical method. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:117-128. [PMID: 34931961 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666211220162535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rutin is available on the market as a topical formulation for the treatment of several conditions, such as internal bleeding, hemorrhoids, and varicose veins. However, these gels have low solubility and limited bioavailability due to their decreased lipid solubility. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to synthesize potentially novel lipophilic rutin prodrugs. The suggested library of these rutin prodrugs includes changing the solubility profile to facilitate rutin transport across biological barriers, thereby improving drug delivery through topical application. METHODS Six rutin derivatives were synthesized based on the ester prodrug strategy. The synthesized compounds were formulated as topical ointments, and their permeability via Franz diffusion was measured. An ultraviolet (UV) analytical method was developed in our laboratories to quantify rutin derivatives both as raw materials and in final dosage forms. The analytical method was then validated. RESULT The results of Franz diffusion analyses showed that transdermal permeability increased by 10_Fo.jpgl height=""d for decaacetylated rutin compared to the other esterified rutins. A simple analytical method for the analysis of the formulated rutin ester was developed and validated. Moreover, the formulated ointment of decaacetylated rutin in our research laboratory was found to be stable under stability accelerated conditions. Synthesis of potentially more lipophilic compounds would yield novel rutin prodrugs suitable for topical formulation. CONCLUSION This project provides a synthetic approach for many similar natural products. The research idea and strategy followed in this research project could be adapted by pharmaceutical and herbal establishments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Abualhasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus. Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Mohyeddin Assali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus. Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Abeer Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus. Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Abdel Naser Zaid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus. Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Numan Malkieh
- Jerusalem Pharmaceuticals Co, Al Bireh-Ramallah. Palestinian Territory, Occupied
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Dynamics of Phloridzin and Related Compounds in Four Cultivars of Apple Trees during the Vegetation Period. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133816. [PMID: 34206687 PMCID: PMC8270342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Apple trees (Malus domestica Borgh) are a rich source of dihydrochalcones, phenolic acids and flavonoids. Considering the increasing demand for these phytochemicals with health-benefitting properties, the objective of this study was to evaluate the profile of the main bioactive compounds—phloridzin, phloretin, chlorogenic acid and rutin—in apple tree bark, leaves, flower buds and twigs. The variety in the phenolic profiles of four apple tree cultivars was monitored during the vegetation period from March to September using chromatography analysis. Phloridzin, the major glycoside of interest, reached the highest values in the bark of all the tested cultivars in May (up to 91.7 ± 4.4 mg g−1 of the dried weight (DW), cv. ‘Opal’). In the leaves, the highest levels of phloridzin were found in cv. ‘Opal’ in May (82.5 ± 22.0 mg g−1 of DW); in twigs, the highest levels were found in cv. ‘Rozela’ in September (52.4 ± 12.1 mg g−1 of DW). In the flower buds, the content of phloridzin was similar to that in the twigs. Aglycone phloretin was found only in the leaves in relatively low concentrations (max. value 2.8 ± 1.4 mg g−1 of DW). The highest values of rutin were found in the leaves of all the tested cultivars (10.5 ± 2.9 mg g−1 of DW, cv. ‘Opal’ in September); the concentrations in the bark and twigs were much lower. The highest content of chlorogenic acid was found in flower buds (3.3 ± 1.0 mg g−1 of DW, cv. ‘Rozela’). Whole apple fruits harvested in September were rich in chlorogenic acid and phloridzin. The statistical evaluation by Scheffe’s test confirmed the significant difference of cv. ‘Rozela’ from the other tested cultivars. In conclusion, apple tree bark, twigs, and leaves were found to be important renewable resources of bioactive phenolics, especially phloridzin and rutin. The simple availability of waste plant material can therefore be used as a rich source of phenolic compounds for cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and food supplement preparation.
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Sharma P, Shri R, Ntie-Kang F, Kumar S. Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Perspectives of Ehretia laevis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123489. [PMID: 34201193 PMCID: PMC8228998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ehretia laevis Roxb. (Boraginaceae) has been extensively used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of a diverse range of ailments related to the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal tract, the reproductive system, and against several infections. This review critically assesses and documents, for the first time, the fragmented information on E. laevis, including its botanical description, folklore uses, bioactive phyto metabolites and pharmacological activities. The goal is to explore this plant therapeutically. Ethnomedicinal surveys reveal that E. laevis has been used by tribal communities in Asian countries for the treatment of various disorders. Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical investigations of E. laevis showed the presence of important phytoconstituents such as pentacyclic triterpenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, fatty acids, steroids, alkaloids, aliphatic alcohols, hydrocarbons, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Fresh plant parts, crude extracts, fractions and isolated compounds have been reported to exhibit broad spectrum of therapeutic activities viz., antioxidant, antiarthritic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antidiarrheal, antidysenteric, wound healing and anti-infective activities. E. laevis is shown to be an excellent potential source of drugs for the mitigation of jaundice, asthma, dysentery, ulcers, diarrhea, ringworm, eczema, diabetes, fissure, syphilis, cuts and wounds, inflammation, liver problems, venereal and infectious disorders. Although few investigations authenticated its traditional uses but employed uncharacterized crude extracts of the plant, the major concerns raised are reproducibility of therapeutic efficacy and safety of plant material. The outcomes of limited pharmacological screening and reported bioactive compounds of E. laevis suggest that there is an urgent need for in-depth pharmacological investigations of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India or (P.S.); (R.S.)
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar 143001, India
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India or (P.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
- Institute for Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.N.-K.); (S.K.)
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India or (P.S.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.N.-K.); (S.K.)
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Naik B, Mattaparthi VSK, Gupta N, Ojha R, Das P, Singh S, Prajapati VK, Prusty D. Chemical system biology approach to identify multi-targeting FDA inhibitors for treating COVID-19 and associated health complications. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:9543-9567. [PMID: 34062110 PMCID: PMC8171008 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1931451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In view of many European countries and the USA leading to the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic, winter season, the evolution of new mutations in the spike protein, and no registered drugs and vaccines for COVID-19 treatment, the discovery of effective and novel therapeutic agents is urgently required. The degrees and frequencies of COVID-19 clinical complications are related to uncontrolled immune responses, secondary bacterial infections, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and chronic pulmonary diseases. It is essential to recognize that the drug repurposing strategy so far remains the only means to manage the disease burden of COVID-19. Despite some success of using single-target drugs in treating the disease, it is beyond suspicion that the virus will acquire drug resistance by acquiring mutations in the drug target. The possible synergistic inhibition of drug efficacy due to drug-drug interaction cannot be avoided while treating COVID-19 and allied clinical complications. Hence, to avoid the unintended development drug resistance and loss of efficacy due to drug-drug interaction, multi-target drugs can be promising tools for the most challenging disease. In the present work, we have carried out molecular docking studies of compounds from the FDA approved drug library, and the FDA approved and passed phase -1 drug libraries with ten therapeutic targets of COVID-19. Results showed that known drugs, including nine anti-inflammatory compounds, four antibiotics, six antidiabetic compounds, and one cardioprotective compound, could effectively inhibit multiple therapeutic targets of COVID-19. Further in-vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies will guide these drugs' proper allocation to treat COVID-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Naik
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | | | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Rupal Ojha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Pundarikaksha Das
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam, India
| | - Satyendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Dhaneswar Prusty
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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Yao S, Wang L, Chen Q, Lu T, Pu X, Luo C. The effect of mild hypothermia plus rutin on the treatment of spinal cord injury and inflammatory factors by repressing TGF-β/smad pathway. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 36:e360307. [PMID: 33978063 PMCID: PMC8112105 DOI: 10.1590/acb360307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To probe the mechanism of mild hypothermia combined with rutin in the
treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Thirty rats were randomized into the following groups: control, sham, model,
mild hypothermia (MH), and mild hypothermia plus rutin (MH+Rutin). We used
modified Allen’s method to injure the spinal cord (T10) in rats, and then
treated it with MH or/and rutin immediately. BBB scores were performed on
all rats. We used HE staining for observing the injured spinal cord tissue;
ELISA for assaying TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and
Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents; Dihydroethidium (DHE) for measuring the
reactive oxygen species (ROS) content; flow cytometry for detecting
apoptosis; and both RT-qPCR and Western blot for determining the expression
levels of TGF-β/Smad pathway related proteins (TGF-β, Smad2, and Smad3). Results In comparison with model group, the BBB score of MH increased to a certain
extent and MH+Rutin group increased more than MH group (p < 0.05). After
treatment with MH and MH+Rutin, the inflammatory infiltration diminished. MH
and MH+Rutin tellingly dwindled TNF-β, MDA and ROS contents (p < 0.01),
and minified spinal cord cell apoptosis. MH and MH+Rutin could patently
diminished TGF-β1, Smad2, and Smad3 expression (p < 0.01). Conclusions MH+Rutin can suppress the activation of TGF-β/Smad pathway, hence repressing
the cellular inflammatory response after SCI.
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Iqbal S, Thanushree MP, Sudha ML, Crassina K. Quality characteristics of buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum) based nutritious ready-to-eat extruded baked snack. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:2034-2040. [PMID: 33897040 PMCID: PMC8021665 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to utilize buckwheat and bread waste to develop ready to eat snack with reduced fat, enriched protein, dietary fiber and minerals. Base flour constituting of buckwheat flour (BF) and rice flour in the ratio of 90:10 was replaced with bread powder (BP) at varying levels (0-80%). The gelatinization temperature of base flour was 67 °C and it decreased with increasing amount of BF. The breaking strength of the extruded snack with varying amount of BP, fat and chilli powder were in the range between 3.46-2.04 N, 1.56-1.26 N and 1.5-1.89 N respectively. Physical and sensory analyses indicate that 40% BP, 8% fat and 1% chilli powder were optimum to obtain extruded snack with desirable characteristics. The ready to eat snack contained 10.64%, 15.33% and 7.45% of fat, protein and total dietary fiber respectively. Minerals present were 169 mg/100 g of magnesium, 46 mg/100 g of calcium, 4.5 mg/100 g of iron and 3.46 mg/100 g of zinc. Bread waste can thus be utilized in producing a healthy ready to eat snack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwar Iqbal
- Department of Flour Milling, Baking and Confectionery Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 500020 India
| | - M. P. Thanushree
- Department of Flour Milling, Baking and Confectionery Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 500020 India
| | - M. L. Sudha
- Department of Flour Milling, Baking and Confectionery Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 500020 India
| | - K. Crassina
- Department of Flour Milling, Baking and Confectionery Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 500020 India
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Hawula ZJ, Davis RA, Wallace DF, Rishi G, Subramaniam VN. In vitro identification and characterisation of iron chelating catechol-containing natural products and derivatives. Biometals 2021; 34:855-866. [PMID: 33913062 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential component for multiple biological processes. Its regulation within the body is thus tightly controlled. Dysregulation of iron levels within the body can result in several disorders associated with either excess iron accumulation, including haemochromatosis and thalassaemia, or iron deficiency. In cases of excess body iron, therapy involves depleting body iron levels either by venesection, typically for haemochromatosis, or using iron chelators for thalassemia. However, the current chelation options for people with iron overload are limited, with only three iron chelators approved for clinical use. This presents an opportunity for improved therapeutics to be identified and developed. The aim of this study was to examine multiple compounds from within the Davis open access natural product-based library (512 compounds) for their ability to chelate iron. In silico analysis of this library initially identified nine catechol-containing compounds and two closely related compounds. These compounds were subsequently screened using an in vitro DNA breakage assay and their ability to chelate biological iron was also examined in an iron-loaded hepatocyte cellular assay. Toxicity was assessed in hepatocyte and breast cancer cell lines. One compound, RAD362 [N-(3-aminopropyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzamide] was able to protect against DNA damage, likely through the prevention of free radicals generated via the Fenton reaction; RAD362 treatment resulted in decreased ferritin protein levels in iron-loaded hepatocytes. Lastly, RAD362 resulted in significantly less cell death than the commonly used iron chelator deferoxamine. This is the first study to identify compound RAD362 as an iron chelator and potential therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Hawula
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel F Wallace
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Gautam Rishi
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
| | - V Nathan Subramaniam
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
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Oshodi TO, Ben-Azu B, Ishola IO, Ajayi AM, Emokpae O, Umukoro S. Molecular mechanisms involved in the prevention and reversal of ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behavior by rutin: the role of glutamic acid decarboxylase isoform-67, cholinergic, Nox-2-oxidative stress pathways in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2335-2350. [PMID: 33811574 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidences have shown that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-2 (Nox-2) pathway modifies glutamic-acid decarboxylase-67 (GAD67) (GABAergic enzyme) and cholinergic systems via oxidative-nitrergic mechanisms in schizophrenia pathology. Rutin, a neuroactive antioxidant compound, with proven neuroprotective property has been shown to reduce schizophrenic-like behavior in mice. This study sought to investigate the mechanisms of action of the psychopharmacological activity of rutin in the preventive and reversal effects of ketamine-induced schizophrenic-like behavior, oxidative-nitrergic stress, cholinergic and GABAergic derangements in mice. In the preventive treatment, male mice were given rutin (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) or risperidone (0.5 mg/kg) orally for 14 days prior to ketamine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment from the 8 to 14th day. However, in the reversal treatment, ketamine was given for 14 days prior to rutin and risperidone. Behavioral (open-field, social-interaction and Y-maze tests), biochemical (oxidative/nitrergic stress markers, acetylcholinesterase activity), immunohistochemical (GAD67, Nox-2) and neuronal cell deaths in the striatum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus were evaluated. Ketamine-induced behavioral impairments were prevented and reversed by rutin. Exposure of mice to ketamine increased malondialdehyde, nitrite contents, acetylcholinesterase activity, neuronal cell death and Nox-2 expressions in the striatum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Conversely, these derangements were prevented and reversed by rutin. The decreased glutathione levels due to ketamine were marked increased by rutin. Rutin only prevented ketamine-induced decrease in GAD67 expression in the striatal-hippocampal region. Altogether, the study showed that the prevention and reversal treatments of mice with rutin attenuated ketamine-induced schizophrenic-like behaviors via reduction of Nox-2 expression, oxidative/nitrergic stresses, acetylcholinesterase activity, and increased GAD67 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Olabode Oshodi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. .,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
| | - Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.
| | - Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Osagie Emokpae
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Natural Bioactive Compounds as Potential Browning Agents in White Adipose Tissue. Pharm Res 2021; 38:549-567. [PMID: 33783666 PMCID: PMC8082541 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The epidemic of overweight and obesity underlies many common metabolic diseases. Approaches aimed to reduce energy intake and/or stimulate energy expenditure represent potential strategies to control weight gain. Adipose tissue is a major energy balancing organ. It can be classified as white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). While WAT stores excess metabolic energy, BAT dissipates it as heat via adaptive thermogenesis. WAT also participates in thermogenesis by providing thermogenic fuels and by directly generating heat after browning. Browned WAT resembles BAT morphologically and metabolically and is classified as beige fat. Like BAT, beige fat can produce heat. Human adults have BAT-like or beige fat. Recruitment and activation of this fat type have the potential to increase energy expenditure, thereby countering against obesity and its metabolic complications. Given this, agents capable of inducing WAT browning have recently attracted broad attention from biomedical, nutritional and pharmaceutical societies. In this review, we summarize natural bioactive compounds that have been shown to promote beige adipocyte recruitment and activation in animals and cultured cells. We also discuss potential molecular mechanisms for each compound to induce adipose browning and metabolic benefits.
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Lipatova I, Makarova L, Yusova A. Rutin-containing chitosan films produced using in situ mechanoactivated precipitation process. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Al Duhaidahawi D, Hasan SA, Al Zubaidy HFS. Flavonoids in the Treatment of Diabetes: Clinical Outcomes and Mechanism to Ameliorate Blood Glucose Levels. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:e120720188794. [PMID: 33290200 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666201207200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For thousands of years, natural food products have been used as a medicine for treating diseases that affect the human body, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Lately, several investigations have been performed on the flavonoid derivatives of plant origin, and their biological activity has been extensively studied. METHODS Given our need to know more mechanisms for treating DM, we performed a thorough research review on treating diabetes mellitus based on flavonoids, their therapeutic potential, and biological action. RESULTS Flavonoids reduce complications in addition to their vital role as effective supplements for preventing diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose metabolism, lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, a protein kinase inhibitor, PPAR, and AMPK with NF-κB. CONCLUSION The articles that we reviewed showed the positive role of flavonoids, which in a certain way reduce diabetes, but their side effects still need to be studied further.This review is focused on describing the different types of dietary flavonoids along with their mechanisms of reducing blood glucose and enhancing insulin sensitivity, as well as their side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunya Al Duhaidahawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognacy, University of Kufa, AL-Najaf, Iraq
| | - Samer A Hasan
- Pharmacognacy, Pharmacy, University of Kufa, AL-Najaf, Iraq
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Physico-Chemical and Pharmaco-Technical Characterization of Inclusion Complexes Formed by Rutoside with β-Cyclodextrin and Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Used to Develop Solid Dosage Forms. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to obtain rutoside (RUT) inclusion complexes in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), in a 1:1 molar ratio, using the lyophilization method of complexation in solution. The complexes were confirmed and characterized, in comparison with the raw materials and their simple physical mixtures, by SEM, DSC, and FT-IR analyses. The antioxidant activity of the compounds was assessed by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS) radicals, determining the radical scavenging activity, and by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The results revealed superior antioxidant ability for the inclusion complexes towards rutoside alone. The inclusion complexes were used as active ingredients in formulations of immediate-release tablets. The preformulation studies were performed on the powders for direct compression obtained after mixing the active ingredients with the excipients (Avicel PH 102, Polyplasdone XL-10, magnesium stearate, and talc). The materials were assessed for particle size, flowability, compressibility, and moisture content, establishing they are suitable for a direct compression process. The tablets were characterized regarding their pharmaco-technical properties and the results proved that the formulations lead to high-quality delivery systems, showing a good mechanical resistance with a low friability, excellent disintegration times, and satisfying dissolution rate. The performances were very similar for both formulations and the physico-mechanical properties of the tablets are not influenced by type of the used cyclodextrin, but the RUT- HP-β-CD tablets presented a higher dissolution rate.
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Chen LY, Huang CN, Liao CK, Chang HM, Kuan YH, Tseng TJ, Yen KJ, Yang KL, Lin HC. Effects of Rutin on Wound Healing in Hyperglycemic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111122. [PMID: 33202817 PMCID: PMC7696622 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term poor glycemic control negatively affects macrovascular and microvascular diseases, as well as wound restoration. Buckwheat is a good source of rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutoside) and has benefits in regulating blood sugar. This study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of rutin on wound healing in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats. Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal (NDM), hyperglycemic (DM), and hyperglycemic with rutin (DMR). After induction of hyperglycemia for 2 days, a 15 × 15 mm wound was induced on the back of each rat. Intraperitoneal injection of rutin significantly ameliorated diabetes-induced body weight loss and improved metabolic dysfunctions of hyperglycemic rats. Based on appearance and histopathological staining, rutin promotes wound healing and inhibits production of inflammatory cells. The immunoblotting data indicated that rutin promotes production of antioxidant enzymes induced by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), inhibits the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) regulated by NF-κB, and decreases the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It also promotes the expression of neurogenic-related protein (UCH-L1). The aforementioned results indicated that rutin reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory response in hyperglycemic rats, promoting wound healing and subsequently reducing the risk of wound ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-You Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (C.-K.L.); (T.-J.T.); (K.-J.Y.); (K.-L.Y.)
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kai Liao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (C.-K.L.); (T.-J.T.); (K.-J.Y.); (K.-L.Y.)
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Chang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - To-Jung Tseng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (C.-K.L.); (T.-J.T.); (K.-J.Y.); (K.-L.Y.)
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jung Yen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (C.-K.L.); (T.-J.T.); (K.-J.Y.); (K.-L.Y.)
| | - Kai-Lin Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (C.-K.L.); (T.-J.T.); (K.-J.Y.); (K.-L.Y.)
| | - Hsing-Chun Lin
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-24739595-34301
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Sana SS, Kumbhakar DV, Pasha A, Pawar SC, Grace AN, Singh RP, Nguyen VH, Le QV, Peng W. Crotalaria verrucosa Leaf Extract Mediated Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Assessment of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:E4896. [PMID: 33113894 PMCID: PMC7660202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present an ecofriendly, non-hazardous, green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by leaf extract of Crotalaria verrucosa (C. verrucosa). Total phenolic content, total flavonoid and total protein contents of C. verrucosa were determined. Further, synthesized ZnO NPs was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) Spectra, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. UV-vis shows peak at 375 nm which is unique to ZnO NPs. XRD analysis demonstrates the hexagonal phase structures of ZnO NPs. FTIR spectra demonstrates the molecules and bondings associated with the synthesized ZnO NPs and assures the role of phytochemical compounds of C. verrucosa in reduction and capping of ZnO NPs. TEM image exhibits that the prepared ZnO NPs is hexagonal shaped and in size ranged between 16 to 38 nm which is confirmed by DLS. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to determine the thermal stability of biosynthesized nanoparticles during calcination. The prepared ZnO NPs showed significant antibacterial potentiality against Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli) pathogenic bacteria and SEM image shows the generalized mechanism of action in bacterial cell after NPs internalization. In addition, NPs are also found to be effective against the studied cancer cell lines for which cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT assay and results demonstrate highest growth of inhibition at the concentration of 100 µg/mL with IC50 value at 7.07 µg/mL for HeLa and 6.30 µg/mL for DU145 cell lines, in contrast to positive control (C. verrucosa leaf extract) with IC50 of 22.30 µg/mL on HeLa cells and 15.72 µg/mL on DU145 cells. Also, DAPI staining was performed in order to determine the effect on nuclear material due to ZnO NPs treatment in the studied cell lines taking leaf extract as positive control and untreated negative control for comparison. Cell migration assay was evaluated to determine the direct influence of NPs on metastasis that is potential suppression capacity of NPs to tumor cell migration. Outcome of the synthesized ZnO NPs using C. verrucosa shows antimicrobial activity against studied microbes, also cytotoxicity, apoptotic mediated DNA damage and antiproliferative potentiality in the studied carcinoma cells and hence, can be further used in biomedical, pharmaceutical and food processing industries as an effective antimicrobial and anti-cancerous agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Sankar Sana
- Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516005, India;
| | - Divya Vishambhar Kumbhakar
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India; (D.V.K.); (A.P.); (S.C.P.)
| | - Akbar Pasha
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India; (D.V.K.); (A.P.); (S.C.P.)
| | - Smita C. Pawar
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India; (D.V.K.); (A.P.); (S.C.P.)
| | - Andrews Nirmala Grace
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India;
| | - Raghvendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Research and Development, Biotechnology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India;
| | - Van-Huy Nguyen
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Dobrydnev AV, Tkachuk TM, Atamaniuk VP, Popova MV. Quercetin-Amino Acid Conjugates are Promising Anti-Cancer Agents in Drug Discovery Projects. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:107-122. [PMID: 31595850 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191009152007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a plant flavonoid with great potential for the prevention and treatment of disease. Despite the curative application of quercetin is hampered by low bioavailability, its core serves as a scaffold for generating more potent compounds with amplified therapeutic window. This review aims to describe recent advances in the improvement of the pharmacokinetic profile of quercetin via the amino acid prodrug approach which offers wide structural diversity, physicochemical and biological properties improvement. According to the findings, conjugation of quercetin with amino acids results in increased solubility, stability, cellular permeability as well as biological activity. In particular quercetin- amino acid conjugates exhibited potent anticancer, MDR-reversal and antibiotic resistance reversal activities. The synthetic pathways and examples of quercetin-amino acid conjugates are considered. Practical considerations and challenges associated with the development of these prodrugs are also discussed. This mini-review covers the literature on quercetin-amino acid conjugates since 2001 when the first thematic work was published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Dobrydnev
- SMC Ecopharm Ltd., Naberezhno-Korchuvatska Street 136-B, Kyiv 03045, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana M Tkachuk
- SMC Ecopharm Ltd., Naberezhno-Korchuvatska Street 136-B, Kyiv 03045, Ukraine
| | - Viktor P Atamaniuk
- SMC Ecopharm Ltd., Naberezhno-Korchuvatska Street 136-B, Kyiv 03045, Ukraine
| | - Maria V Popova
- Chemistry Department, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Lva Tolstoho Street 12, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
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Selectivity of Current Extraction Techniques for Flavonoids from Plant Materials. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have a broad spectrum of established positive effects on human and animal health. They find an application in medicine for disease therapy and chemoprevention, whence the interest in flavonoids increases. In addition, they are used in food and cosmetic industries as pigments and biopreservatives. Plants are an inexhaustible source of flavonoids. The most important step of plant raw material processing is extraction and isolation of target compounds. The quality of an extract and efficiency of a procedure are influenced by several factors: Plant material and pre-extracting sample preparation, type of solvent, extraction technique, physicochemical conditions, etc. The present overview discusses the common problems and key challenges of the extraction procedures and the different mechanisms for selective extraction of flavonoids from different plant sources. In summary, there is no universal extraction method and each optimized procedure is individual for the respective plants. For an extraction technique to be selective, it must combine an optimal solvent or mixture of solvents with an appropriate technique. Last but not least, its optimization is important for a variety of applications. Moreover, when the selected method needs to be standardized, it must achieve acceptable degree of repeatability and reproducibility.
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Raguindin PF, Adam Itodo O, Stoyanov J, Dejanovic GM, Gamba M, Asllanaj E, Minder B, Bussler W, Metzger B, Muka T, Glisic M, Kern H. A systematic review of phytochemicals in oat and buckwheat. Food Chem 2020; 338:127982. [PMID: 32950005 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of oat and buckwheat have been associated with various health benefits that may be attributed to their nutritional composition. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the profile and quantity of bioactive compounds present in oat and buckwheat. Among 154 studies included in final analysis, 113 and 178 bioactive compounds were reported in oat and buckwheat, respectively. Total phytosterols, tocols, flavonoids and rutin content were generally higher in buckwheat, β-glucans were significantly higher in oat, while avenanthramides and saponins were characteristically present in oat. The majority of studies included in current review were published before 2010s. The heterogeneous methodological procedures used across the studies precluded our possibility to meta-analyse the evidence and raises the need for harmonization of separation and extraction methods in future studies. Our findings should further stimulate the exploration of metabolites related to identified phytochemicals and their roles in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Francis Raguindin
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Oche Adam Itodo
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Gordana M Dejanovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Hajduk Veljkova 1-3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Magda Gamba
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eralda Asllanaj
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Beatrice Minder
- Public Health & Primary Care Library, University Library of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Weston Bussler
- Standard Process Nutrition Innovation Center, Kannapolis, NC 28018, USA
| | - Brandon Metzger
- Standard Process Nutrition Innovation Center, Kannapolis, NC 28018, USA
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marija Glisic
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.
| | - Hua Kern
- Standard Process Nutrition Innovation Center, Kannapolis, NC 28018, USA
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Tharani Kumar S, Ashok Prasanna R, Kirubanandan JR, Elaveyini U, Prasanna Devi S, Balasubramaniam M. Postoperative Healing after Surgical Removal of Mandibular Third Molar: A Comparative Study between Two Proteolytic Enzymes. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:S289-S294. [PMID: 33149473 PMCID: PMC7595490 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_87_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The postoperative symptoms after third molar removal surgery were commonly uneventful. The aim of this study was to compare two proteolytic enzymes from different origin and to prove which enzyme provides a faster healing. One of the proteolytic enzymes involves a combination with a flavonoid. This involves trypsin, bromelain, along with a flavonoid rutin. Another proteolytic enzyme is serratiopeptidase that helps in degradation of insoluble proteins causing reduced swelling in the operated site. Materials and Methods In this study, voluntary subjects of clinically indicated bilateral lower third impaction were selected. The subjects were recommended to undergo extraction of impacted teeth in two sittings, one extraction per visit. In the first sitting, subjects were prescribed trypsin, bromelain, and rutin combination after removal of 48 teeth and in the second sitting subjects were prescribed serratiopeptidase after removal of 38 teeth. There was a time interval of 2-3 weeks in between the sittings. The post findings such as mouth opening, swelling, and pain scale were noted. Results The results showed that the proteolytic enzyme combination of trypsin, bromelain, and rutin is better than serratiopeptidase. Conclusion It is recommended that trypsin, bromelain, and rutin combination can be used effectively for postoperative purpose to facilitate wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tharani Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Ashok Prasanna
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - U Elaveyini
- Annamalaiyar Multispeciality Clinic, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Prasanna Devi
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murali Balasubramaniam
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Klimova E, Fesenko I, Kuznetsova E, Brindza J, Nasrullaeva G, Rezunova O, Kuznetsova E. Assessment of a new artificial buckwheat species Fagopyrum hybridum as a source of plant raw materials compared to F. Tataricum and F. Esculentum. POTRAVINARSTVO 2020. [DOI: 10.5219/1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising way to increase the use of buckwheat is the wider introduction of technologies for its processing, including grinding of non-hulled grain. It requires the search for new plant materials with more suitable characteristics. In this work, the possibilities to use the grain of a new artificial buckwheat species Fagopyrum hybridum for flour production are studied in comparison with two cultivated species F. tataricum and F. esculentum. Some chemical characteristics of F. hybridum flour were evaluated. According to the size of the kernel fragments in different modes of milling within each species the significant differences were identified within F. esculentum and F. hybridum (p <0.001 and p <0.05, respectively); there were no significant differences within F. tataricum (p >0.1). Fragments of the seed hulls of F. tataricum and F. hybridum compared to ones of F. esculentum were distinguished by the absence of pronounced acute angles. For the cultivated species, amino acid compositions of grain protein of the studied samples manifest no strong deviations from earlier published results. The new species F. hybridum has the amino acid composition similar to ones of the both cultivated species with slight superiority in the content of all essential amino acids. So, the content of Cysteine, Tryptophan, Arginine, Lysine, Methionine, Leucine + Isoleucine, Threonine, Histidine and Valine in seeds of F. hybridum was 5.2, 15.0, 25.8, 30.2, 31.2, 36.0, 38.4, 41.1 and 46.2% higher compared to F. tataricum and 11.1, 43.7, 39.2, 3.7, 31.2, 15.2, 14.8, 20.0, 18.9% higher compared to F. esculentum. Using DPPH it was assessed the antioxidant activity (AOA) of whole grain flour of three buckwheat species and decreasing of the AOA during heating up to 100 °C. After water extraction the AOA was maximal for F. tataricum flour; F. hybridum and F. esculentum manifested similar values with the same decline dynamics during heating. After ethanol extraction the flour of F. hybridum shown higher AOA compared to both cultivated species before temperature treatment (1.3 times) as well as after heating to 100 °C (1.2 times). The results of the analysis of the fractional composition of flour from the whole grain of the three buckwheats shown the fragments of the seed hulls of F. tataricum and F. hybridum compared to ones of F. esculentum were characterized by the absence of pronounced acute angles. Additional experiments are needed to optimize the technology of whole-grain buckwheat flour. But the grain of F. tataricum and F. hybridum looks like more suitable for these purposes than the non-hulled grain of F. esculentum.
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Kianersi F, Abdollahi MR, Mirzaie-Asl A, Dastan D, Rasheed F. Identification and tissue-specific expression of rutin biosynthetic pathway genes in Capparis spinosa elicited with salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8884. [PMID: 32483287 PMCID: PMC7264309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Capparis spinosa is an edible medicinal plant which is considered as an excellent source of rutin. Rutin is a glycoside of the flavonoid quercetin that has been reported to have a beneficial role in controlling various diseases such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, and obesity. In this study, the partial cDNA of four genes involved in the rutin biosynthetic pathway including 4-coumaroyl CoA ligase (4CL), flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H), flavonol synthase (FLS) and flavonol-3-O-glucoside L-rhamnosyltransferase (RT) were identified in C.spinosa plants for the first time. The protein sequences of these genes shared high similarity with the same proteins in other plant species. Subsequently, the expression patterns of these genes as well as rutin accumulation in C.spinosa leaves treated with different concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and also in different tissues of Caper plants treated with 100 mgL−1 SA and 150 μM MeJA were evaluated. The expression of all four genes was clearly up-regulated and rutin contents increased in response to MeJA and SA treatments after 24 h. The highest rutin contents (5.30 mgg−1 DW and 13.27 mgg−1 DW), as well as the highest expression levels of all four genes, were obtained using 100 mgL−1 SA and 150 μM MeJA, respectively. Among the different tissues, the highest rutin content was observed in young leaves treated with 150 μM MeJA, which corresponded to the expression of related genes, especially RT, as a key gene in the rutin biosynthetic pathway. These results suggest that rutin content in various tissues of C. spinosa can be enhanced to a significant extent by MeJA and SA treatments and the gene expression patterns of rutin-biosynthesis-related genes are regulated by these elicitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Kianersi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abdollahi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Asghar Mirzaie-Asl
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Dara Dastan
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Faiza Rasheed
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 1, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.,KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ogura J, Yamaguchi H, Mano N. Stimulatory effect on the transport mediated by organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:181-191. [PMID: 32373198 PMCID: PMC7193449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-drug interaction (DDI) is one of causes of adverse drug events and can result in life-threatening consequences. Organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 2B1 is a major uptake transporter in the intestine and contributes to transport various clinically used therapeutic agents. The intestine has a high risk of DDI, because it has a special propensity to be exposed to a high concentration of drugs. Thus, understanding drug interaction mediated by OATP2B1 in the absorption process is important for the prevention of adverse drug events, including decrease in the therapeutic effect of co-administered drugs. Acute drug interaction occurs through the direct inhibitory effect on transporters, including OATP2B1. Moreover, some compounds such as clinically used drugs and food components have an acute stimulatory effect on transport of co-administered drugs by OATP2B1. This review summarizes the acute stimulatory effect on the transport mediated by OATP2B1 and discusses the mechanisms of the acute stimulatory effects of compounds. There are two types of acute stimulatory effects, substrate-independent and -dependent interactions on OATP2B1 function. The facilitating translocation of OATP2B1 to the plasma membrane is one of causes for the substrate-independent acute stimulatory effect. On the contrary, the substrate-dependent effect is based on the direct binding to the substrate-binding site or allosteric progesterone-binding site of OATP2B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Ogura
- Corresponding author. Tohoku University Hospital, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan. Tel.: +81 22 7177541
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Sachithanandam V, Lalitha P, Parthiban A, Mageswaran T, Manmadhan K, Sridhar R. A Review on Antidiabetic Properties of Indian Mangrove Plants with Reference to Island Ecosystem. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:4305148. [PMID: 31885647 PMCID: PMC6915161 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4305148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystem has many potential species that are traditionally used by the coastal communities for their traditional cure for health ailments as evidenced by their extensive uses to treat hepatic disorders, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, anti-inflammation, anticancer, and skin diseases, etc. In recent times, the diabetes mellitus (DM), a serious physiological disorder all over the world, occur due to the relative or complete deficiency of insulin in the body, characterized by an abnormally high blood glucose level. India has a rich traditional knowledge on plant-based drug formulations that are protective and curative for many health ailments. In this context, we aimed to compile the works done on the antidiabetic activities of mangrove species from Indian coastal regions especially on Andaman and Nicobar Islands as well as some recent works reported from other countries. A total of 126 published articles and 31 mangrove species related pieces of information were gathered with reference to antidiabetic properties of mangroves. This review summarizes the chemical structures, molecular formula, molecular weight, and their biological activities with an aspiration that it might be helpful for the future bioprospecting industries who are interested in develop the natural drugs for DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Sachithanandam
- Integrated Island Management Unit, Futuristic Research Division, National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
| | - P. Lalitha
- Integrated Island Management Unit, Futuristic Research Division, National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
| | - A. Parthiban
- Integrated Island Management Unit, Futuristic Research Division, National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
| | - T. Mageswaran
- Integrated Island Management Unit, Futuristic Research Division, National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
| | - K. Manmadhan
- Integrated Island Management Unit, Futuristic Research Division, National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
| | - R. Sridhar
- Integrated Island Management Unit, Futuristic Research Division, National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
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Budeč M, Bošnir J, Racz A, Lasić D, Brkić D, Mosović Ćuić A, Kuharić Ž, Jurak G, Barušić L. VERIFICATION OF AUTHENTICITY OF GINKGO BILOBA L. LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS PRODUCTS PRESENT ON THE CROATIAN MARKET BY ANALYSIS OF QUANTITY AND RATIO OF GINKGO FLAVONE GLYCOSIDES (QUERCETIN, KAEMPFEROL AND ISORHAMNETIN) TO TERPENE TRILACTONES TO THE EFFECT OF UNMASKING COUNTERFEIT DRUGS ENDANGERING PATIENT HEALTH. Acta Clin Croat 2019; 58:672-692. [PMID: 32595253 PMCID: PMC7314304 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2019.58.04.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. is the eldest plant growing on the Earth; preparations made of its leaves and seeds represent an integral part of the Chinese medicine for over a millennium. The plant species was first discovered by Linnaeus in 1771, its name thereby originating from the Latin words bis (two) and lobus (lobe), which duly illustrate the specific shape of its leaf. Contemporary Ginkgo biloba L. plant based pharmaceuticals mostly comprise extracts recovered from leaves harvested during fall, when the concentration of active components reaches its peak. Recent investigations have managed to establish the chemical composition of the plant leaf, together with the mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects on rheological profile of the blood and acceleration of its flow. High price of these preparations and their vast popularity have soon become an incentive for counterfeiting Ginkgo biloba L. extracts and the release of bogus drugs comprising cheaper extracts coming from other plants. Namely, modern Ginkgo biloba L.-based medicinal products and food supplements comprise extracts recovered from the plant leaf that get to be standardized according to its key pharmacological active components, most often flavone glycosides (represented in the share of 22%-27%) and terpene trilactones (represented in the share of 6%-7%). The flavonoids that predominate such preparations and are most relevant from the pharmacological standpoint are quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin, their total amount and mutual ratios, thereby being an unquestionable indicator of the extract authenticity. Therefore, most of the analyses aiming at verifying the authenticity of a given Ginkgo biloba L.-based product boil down to the analysis of these parameters. Counterfeiting involves partial or full replacement of the Ginkgo biloba L. extract (GBE) with a cheaper plant extract of a similar composition, the latter occasionally being enriched with an additional amount of flavonoids, most often quercetin, not originating from the Ginkgo biloba L. plant. The aim of this study was to verify the authenticity and quality of Ginkgo biloba L.-based products circulating on the Croatian market. To that effect, 10 samples of products produced by various manufacturers were analyzed in a certified laboratory. The parameters based on which the authenticity of the preparations was assessed were the shares of aglycones of typical ginkgo flavone glycosides, that is to say, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin, and mutual ratios of the established quantities of quercetin to kaempferol as the key clues to unmasking Ginkgo extracts counterfeiting. The amount of ginkgo flavone glycosides was established using high performance liquid chromatography. The analysis proved 80% of the samples analyzed to be conformant to the label statements as regards the total amount of flavone glycosides and their mutual ratios. In 20% of the samples, the ratio of quercetin to kaempferol deviated from normal values; on top of that, the presence of the phytoestrogen genistein, one of the components typically comprised by the Sophora japonica L. plant, was also proven, documenting counterfeiting of the GBE and its replacement by the Sophora japonica L. extracts in the samples under consideration. Due to the untrue label statements descriptive of these products, the information on the presence of pharmacologically active genistein was neglected to be mentioned despite its unfavorable health impact that can be expected in some consumer groups. The results of this study indicated the frequency of counterfeiting the Ginkgo biloba L.-based products found on the Croatian market to be deemed substantial. Therefore, a more rigorous and more thorough control of these products and sanctioning of irresponsible manufacturers and distributers is proposed, so as to contribute to a higher market representation of high-quality products, as well as to avoid health risks and downsize the rate of their counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasna Bošnir
- 1Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2University of Applied Health Studies, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Racz
- 1Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2University of Applied Health Studies, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dario Lasić
- 1Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2University of Applied Health Studies, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijel Brkić
- 1Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2University of Applied Health Studies, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Mosović Ćuić
- 1Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2University of Applied Health Studies, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Kuharić
- 1Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2University of Applied Health Studies, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Jurak
- 1Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2University of Applied Health Studies, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija Barušić
- 1Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2University of Applied Health Studies, Zagreb, Croatia
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Al-Ishaq RK, Abotaleb M, Kubatka P, Kajo K, Büsselberg D. Flavonoids and Their Anti-Diabetic Effects: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Improve Blood Sugar Levels. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E430. [PMID: 31480505 PMCID: PMC6769509 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevailing global health metabolic disorder, with an alarming incidence rate and a huge burden on health care providers. DM is characterized by the elevation of blood glucose due either to a defect in insulin synthesis, secretion, binding to receptor, or an increase of insulin resistance. The internal and external factors such as obesity, urbanizations, and genetic mutations could increase the risk of developing DM. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds existing as secondary metabolites in fruits and vegetables as well as fungi. Their structure consists of 15 carbon skeletons and two aromatic rings (A and B) connected by three carbon chains. Flavonoids are furtherly classified into 6 subclasses: flavonols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanols, and anthocyanidins. Naturally occurring flavonoids possess anti-diabetic effects. As in vitro and animal model's studies demonstrate, they have the ability to prevent diabetes and its complications. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge addressing the antidiabetic effects of dietary flavonoids and their underlying molecular mechanisms on selected pathways: Glucose transporter, hepatic enzymes, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AMPK, PPAR, and NF-κB. Flavonoids improve the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications through the regulation of glucose metabolism, hepatic enzymes activities, and a lipid profile. Most studies illustrate a positive role of specific dietary flavonoids on diabetes, but the mechanisms of action and the side effects need more clarification. Overall, more research is needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of diabetes treatment using flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad Khalid Al-Ishaq
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology and Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute Hospital, 81250 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81439 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
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Zhou XL, Chen ZD, Zhou YM, Shi RH, Li ZJ. The Effect of Tartary Buckwheat Flavonoids in Inhibiting the Proliferation of MGC80-3 Cells during Seed Germination. Molecules 2019; 24:E3092. [PMID: 31454945 PMCID: PMC6749336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) is rich in functional compounds such as rutin, quercetin, d-chiro-inositol, dietary fiber, and essential amino acids. Electric field (EF) treatment before sprout germination results in physiological and chemical changes, and some alterations might lead to positive applications in plant seeds. MTT assay showed that the effect of total flavonoids on human gastric cancer cell line MGC80-3 was significantly changed after EF treatment for different germination days (3-7 days). Among them, the total flavonoids of tartary buckwheat (BWTF) on the third day had the most obvious inhibitory effect on MGC80-3 (p < 0.01). In addition, flow cytometry evidenced that different ratios of quercetin and rutin had effects on the proliferation of MGC80-3. The same content of quercetin and rutin had the best effect, reaching 6.18 ± 0.82%. The anti-cancer mechanism was mainly promoted by promoting the expression of apoptotic proteins. The expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-8 in MGC80-3 cells was mediated by BWTFs. This study has good research value for improving the biological and economic value of tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Zhou
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhou
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Rong-Hua Shi
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Zong-Jie Li
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
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Sequential high-pressure extraction to obtain capsinoids and phenolic compounds from biquinho pepper (Capsicum chinense). J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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The nutritive value of black soldier fly larvae reared on common organic waste streams in Kenya. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10110. [PMID: 31300713 PMCID: PMC6626136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In Africa, livestock production currently accounts for about 30% of the gross value of agricultural production. However, production is struggling to keep up with the demands of expanding human populations, the rise in urbanization and the associated shifts in diet habits. High costs of feed prevent the livestock sector from thriving and to meet the rising demand. Insects have been identified as potential alternatives to the conventionally used protein sources in livestock feed due to their rich nutrients content and the fact that they can be reared on organic side streams. Substrates derived from organic by-products are suitable for industrial large-scale production of insect meal. Thus, a holistic comparison of the nutritive value of Black Soldier Fly larvae (BSFL) reared on three different organic substrates, i.e. chicken manure (CM), brewers’ spent grain (SG) and kitchen waste (KW), was conducted. BSFL samples reared on every substrate were collected for chemical analysis after the feeding process. Five-hundred (500) neonatal BSFL were placed in 23 × 15 cm metallic trays on the respective substrates for a period of 3–4 weeks at 28 ± 2 °C and 65 ± 5% relative humidity. The larvae were harvested when the prepupal stage was reached using a 5 mm mesh size sieve. A sample of 200 grams prepupae was taken from each replicate and pooled for every substrate and then frozen at −20 °C for chemical analysis. Samples of BSFL and substrates were analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extracts (EE), ash, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), amino acids (AA), fatty acids (FA), vitamins, flavonoids, minerals and aflatoxins. The data were then subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using general linear model procedure. BSFL differed in terms of nutrient composition depending on the organic substrates they were reared on. CP, EE, minerals, amino acids, ADF and NDF but not vitamins were affected by the different rearing substrates. BSFL fed on different substrates exhibited different accumulation patterns of minerals, with CM resulting in the largest turnover of minerals. Low concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium and lead) were detected in the BSFL, but no traces of aflatoxins were found. In conclusion, it is possible to take advantage of the readily available organic waste streams in Kenya to produce nutrient-rich BSFL-derived feed.
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