1
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Review of Synthetic Accessibility And Pharmacological Activity of 1,2,4-Triazole and 2-Methylbenzimidazole Derivatives. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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2
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Sveegaard SG, Kristiansen R. Multivariate Analysis in the Selection of Greener Solvents for the Bromination of 2-Cyano-4’-methylbiphenyl. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen G. Sveegaard
- Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University School of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Rikke Kristiansen
- Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University School of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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3
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Okabe-Nakahara F, Nagabuchi H, Masumoto E, Maruoka H. Synthesis of Benzimidazoles, Benzoxazoles and Benzothiazole by the Reaction of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydro-3-furancarbonitrile and o-Substituted Anilines in the Catalysis of Trimetylamine Hydrochloride. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-21-14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Synthesis of functionalyzed imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via domino A3-coupling/cycloisomerization approach. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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5
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Jalani HB, Venkateswararao E, Manickam M, Jung SH. Sequential One-Pot Synthesis of Imidazoles and2H-Imidazolones from β-Ketoamines, Acylating Agents and Ammonium Acetate. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh B. Jalani
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 Korea
| | - Eeda Venkateswararao
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 Korea
| | - Manoj Manickam
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development; Chungnam National University; Daejeon 34134 Korea
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6
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7
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Choir SY, Yang PH, Wang CLJ, Lu HH, Chen Y, Kao JM. The Syntheses of Triazinone and Pyrimidinone Biphenyltetrazoles as Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199900007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Tao T, Peng YX, Huang W, You XZ. Coplanar Bithiazole-Centered Heterocyclic Aromatic Fluorescent Compounds Having Different Donor/Acceptor Terminal Groups. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2472-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302706t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Zeng You
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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9
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Metal-free construction of tricyclic or tetracyclic compounds—acid-promoted synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoindole and 1,2-dialkyl-2,3-dihydrobenzimidazoles. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Huang H, Ji X, Wu W, Jiang H. Practical Synthesis of Polysubstituted ImidazolesviaIodine- Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization of Aryl Ketones and Benzylamines. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Bansal Y, Silakari O. The therapeutic journey of benzimidazoles: a review. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6208-36. [PMID: 23031649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Presence of benzimidazole nucleus in numerous categories of therapeutic agents such as antimicrobials, antivirals, antiparasites, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, proton pump inhibitors, antihypertensives, anticoagulants, immunomodulators, hormone modulators, CNS stimulants as well as depressants, lipid level modulators, antidiabetics, etc. has made it an indispensable anchor for development of new therapeutic agents. Varied substitutents around the benzimidazole nucleus have provided a wide spectrum of biological activities. Importance of this nucleus in some activities like, Angiotensin I (AT(1)) receptor antagonism and proton-pump inhibition is reviewed separately in literature. Even some very short reviews on biological importance of this nucleus are also known in literature. However, owing to fast development of new drugs possessing benzimidazole nucleus many research reports are generated in short span of time. So, there is a need to couple the latest information with the earlier information to understand the current status of benzimidazole nucleus in medicinal chemistry research. In the present review, various derivatives of benzimidazole with different pharmacological activities are described on the basis of substitution pattern around the nucleus with an aim to help medicinal chemists for developing an SAR on benzimidazole derived compounds for each activity. This discussion will further help in the development of novel benzimidazole compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Bansal
- Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
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12
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Bühlmayer P. Patent Update: Angiotensin-II Antagonists: Patent Activity since the Discovery of DuP-753. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2.10.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Naik P, Murumkar P, Giridhar R, Yadav MR. Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) selective nonpeptidic antagonists—A perspective. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:8418-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Sparke AE, Fisher CM, Mewis RE, Archibald SJ. Synthesis, structure and reactivity of 1-(4-nitrobenzyl)-2-chloromethyl benzimidazole. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Towards non-peptide ANG II AT1 receptor antagonists based on urocanic acid: rational design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Amino Acids 2010; 40:411-20. [PMID: 20607324 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of o-, m- and p-benzyl tetrazole derivatives 11a-c has been designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential Angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists, based on urocanic acid. Compound 11b with tetrazole moiety at the m-position showed moderate, however, higher activity compared to the o- and p-counterpart analogues. Molecular modelling techniques were performed in order to extract their putative bioactive conformations and explore their binding modes.
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16
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Goswami P, Das B. Organocatalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Substituted 1,5-Benzodiazepine and Benzimidazole Derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903161686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Papori Goswami
- a Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Babulal Das
- a Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati, Assam, India
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17
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Lamotte Y, Martres P, Faucher N, Laroze A, Grillot D, Ancellin N, Saintillan Y, Beneton V, Gampe RT. Synthesis and biological activities of novel indole derivatives as potent and selective PPARgamma modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1399-404. [PMID: 20079636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the structure of Telmisartan, a new series of potent and selective PPARgamma modulators was identified. The synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the most potent compounds are reported and the X-ray structure of compound 7b bound to the PPARgamma ligand binding domain is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Lamotte
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Laboratoire GlaxoSmithKline, Centre de Recherches, 25-27 Avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis, France.
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18
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Barbero N, SanMartin R, Domínguez E. Ligand-free copper(i)-catalysed intramolecular direct C–H functionalization of azoles. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:841-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b916549e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Zhiming Z, Weifa Y, Jun Z, Congxuan Y, Xinqi Z. Synthesis of six new 2-Aryl-N-biphenyl benzimidazoles and crystal structure of methyl 4′ [(2-p-Chlorophenyl-1H-benzimidazole-1-yl)-methyl]biphenyl-2-carboxylate. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570410424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Sivudu KS, Reddy NM, Prasad MN, Raju KM, Mohan YM, Yadav J, Sabitha G, Shailaja D. Highly efficient and reusable hydrogel-supported nano-palladium catalyst: Evaluation for Suzuki–Miyaura reaction in water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Brown TM, McLachlan E, Piggins HD. Angiotensin II regulates the activity of mouse suprachiasmatic nuclei neurons. Neuroscience 2008; 154:839-47. [PMID: 18479832 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide signaling plays key roles in coordinating cellular activity within the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), site of the master circadian oscillator in mammals. The neuropeptide angiotensin II (ANGII) and its cognate receptor AT1, are both expressed by SCN cells, but unlike other SCN neurochemicals, very little is known about the cellular actions of ANGII within this circadian clock. We used multi-electrode, multiunit, extracellular electrophysiology, coupled with whole-cell voltage and current clamp techniques to investigate the actions of ANGII in mouse SCN slices. ANGII (0.001-10 microM) dose dependently stimulated and inhibited extracellularly recorded neuronal discharge in many SCN neurons ( approximately 60%). Both actions were blocked by pre-treatment with the AT1 receptor antagonist ZD7155 (0.03 microM), while suppressions but not activations were prevented by pre-treatment with the GABA A receptor antagonist bicuculline (20 microM). AT1 receptor blockade itself suppressed discharge in a subset ( approximately 30%) of SCN neurons, and this action was not blocked by bicuculline. In voltage-clamped SCN neurons (-70 mV), AT1 receptor activation dose-dependently enhanced the frequency of action potential-driven, GABA A receptor-mediated currents, but did not alter their responses to exogenously applied GABA. In current-clamped SCN neurons perfused with tetrodotoxin, ANGII induced a membrane depolarization with a concomitant decrease in input resistance. In conclusion we show that AT1 receptor activation by ANGII depolarizes SCN neurons and stimulates action potential firing, leading to increased GABA release in the mouse SCN. Additionally we provide the first evidence that endogenous AT1 receptor signaling tonically regulates the activities of some SCN neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Brown
- Faculty of Life Sciences, 1.124 Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
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22
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Baldwin J. Patent Update: Renin Angiotensin System: Recent Advances in Inhibitor Design. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.3.1.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Rapposelli S, Cuboni S, Digiacomo M, Lucacchini A, Minutolo F, Letizia Trincavelli M, Balsamo A. Synthesis and Affinity Evaluation for AT1 Receptor of Phenylsalicylaldoxime-Derivatives Structurally Related to Sartans. HETEROCYCLES 2008. [DOI: 10.3987/com-07-11309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Sallenave X, Delbaere S, Vermeersch G, Pozzo JL. 5-Nitrogenated-naphthopyrans: toward photoinduced hydrogen-bonded complexes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Todorovic A, Joseph CG, Sorensen NB, Wood MS, Haskell-Luevano C. Structure-activity relationships of melanocortin agonists containing the benzimidazole scaffold. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007; 69:338-49. [PMID: 17539826 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin system has been implicated in regulating various physiological processes including pigmentation, energy homeostasis, obesity, steroidogenesis cardiovascular, and exocrine gland function. The five melanocortin receptors that belong to the super family of G protein-coupled receptors are stimulated by naturally occurring agonists. The aim of this research was focused on the design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of melanocortin ligands that contain the 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazole scaffold. A series of benzimidazole analogues, with three points of diversity at positions 1, 2, and 5, were designed, synthesized, pharmacologically assayed at the mouse melanocortin receptors MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R and resulted in ligands possessing a range of agonist activity from nm to no stimulation at up to 100 microM concentrations. This study demonstrates that the benzimidazole structure template can be appended with key melanocortin agonist amino acids for the design melanocortin receptor agonist ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Todorovic
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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26
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Aulakh GK, Sodhi RK, Singh M. An update on non-peptide angiotensin receptor antagonists and related RAAS modulators. Life Sci 2007; 81:615-39. [PMID: 17692338 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) is an important regulator of blood pressure and fluid-electrolyte homeostasis. RAAS has been implicated in pathogenesis of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and chronic renal failure. Aliskiren is the first non-peptide orally active renin inhibitor approved by FDA. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors are associated with frequent side effects such as cough and angio-oedema. Recently, the role of ACE2 and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) in the formation of an important active metabolite/mediator of RAAS, ang 1-7, has initiated attempts towards development of ACE2 inhibitors and combined ACE/NEP inhibitors. Furukawa and colleagues developed a series of low molecular weight nonpeptide imidazole analogues that possess weak but selective, competitive AT1 receptor blocking property. Till date, many compounds have exhibited promising AT1 blocking activity which cause a more complete RAAS blockade than ACE inhibitors. Many have reached the market for alternative treatment of hypertension, heart failure and diabetic nephropathy in ACE inhibitor intolerant patients and still more are waiting in the queue. But, the hallmark of this area of drug research is marked by a progress in understanding molecular interaction of these blockers at the AT1 receptor and unraveling the enigmatic influence of AT2 receptors on growth/anti-growth, differentiation and the regeneration of neuronal tissue. Different modeling strategies are underway to develop tailor made molecules with the best of properties like Dual Action (Angiotensin And Endothelin) Receptor Antagonists (DARA), ACE/NEP inhibitors, triple inhibitors, AT2 agonists, AT1/TxA2 antagonists, balanced AT1/AT2 antagonists, and nonpeptide renin inhibitors. This abstract gives an overview of these various angiotensin receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Aulakh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research, Punjabi University, India.
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27
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Al-Azmi A, George P, El-Dusouqui OME. Alkylation of azoles: Synthesis of new heterocyclic-based AT1-non-peptide angiotensin (II) receptor antagonists. J Heterocycl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570440302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Ramla MM, Omar MA, El-Khamry AMM, El-Diwani HI. Synthesis and antitumor activity of 1-substituted-2-methyl-5-nitrobenzimidazoles. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:7324-32. [PMID: 16860558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Revised: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Different substituents were introduced in position 1 of 2-methyl-5(6)-nitro-1H-benzimidazole (2) in order to obtain different side chains having different heterocyclic compounds, for example, thiadiazoles (5-7), tetrazoles (8, 9a, b), triazoles (11-13), thiazoles (14a-e), triazines (10, 16, 17), and imidazoles (18a-c). The antitumor effect of compounds 1, 2, 2a, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9a, 10, 13, 14a, 15, 16, and 18c was studied against breast cancer (MCF7) and compounds 2 [IC(50)=4.52 microg] and 7 [IC(50)=8.29 microg] were found to be active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Ramla
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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29
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McDonald O, Lackey K, Davis-Ward R, Wood E, Samano V, Maloney P, Deanda F, Hunter R. Aza-stilbenes as potent and selective c-RAF inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5378-83. [PMID: 16890436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Revised: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of several novel aza-stilbene derivatives was carried out. The compounds were tested for their c-RAF enzyme inhibition. Compound 27 possesses significant potency against c-RAF and demonstrates selectivity over other protein kinases. A hypothesis for the binding mode, activity, and selectivity is proposed.
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Kawano T, Kato N. One-pot Synthesis of 3-Bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine Derivatives Accompanied by Dimethyl Sulfoxide Oxidation. CHEM LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2006.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Mire DE, Silfani TN, Pugsley MK. A Review of the Structural and Functional Features of Olmesartan Medoxomil, An Angiotensin Receptor Blocker. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2005; 46:585-93. [PMID: 16220064 DOI: 10.1097/01.fjc.0000180902.78230.fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin II (A-II) type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated effects of A-II play a key role in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Effective inhibition of A-II is provided by the latest class of antihypertensive medications, the AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs). These orally available agents were developed around a common imidazole-based structural core. The most recent member of this drug class to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration, olmesartan medoxomil, contains unique features that may explain its clinical efficacy. Key structural elements of olmesartan medoxomil include a hydroxyalkyl substituent at the imidazole 4-position and a hydrolyzable ester group at the imidazole 5-position. Inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding involving these groups may contribute to the potentiation of antagonist activity. After oral administration, olmesartan medoxomil is deesterified in the intestinal tract to produce the active metabolite olmesartan, which undergoes no additional metabolic change. The marked antihypertensive efficacy of olmesartan medoxomil may result from a unique pharmacological interaction of the drug with the AT1 receptor, resulting in a potent, long-lasting, dose-dependent blockade of A-II. This review article characterizes the structural features of olmesartan that may be responsible for its clinical efficacy. Inferential pharmacological studies compare and contrast the effects of olmesartan to those of other ARBs in comparable preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Mire
- New Product Planning, Sankyo Pharma Inc, Parsippany, New Jersey, USA
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32
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Kim D, Wang L, Hale JJ, Lynch CL, Budhu RJ, MacCoss M, Mills SG, Malkowitz L, Gould SL, DeMartino JA, Springer MS, Hazuda D, Miller M, Kessler J, Hrin RC, Carver G, Carella A, Henry K, Lineberger J, Schleif WA, Emini EA. Potent 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrrolidine CCR5 receptor antagonists: effects of fused heterocycles on antiviral activity and pharmacokinetic properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:2129-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2004] [Revised: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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Shimada Y, Akane H, Taniguchi N, Matsuhisa A, Kawano N, Kikuchi K, Yatsu T, Tahara A, Tomura Y, Kusayama T, Wada KI, Tsukada J, Tsunoda T, Tanaka A. Preparation of Highly Potent and Selective Non-Peptide Antagonists of the Arginine Vasopressin V1A Receptor by Introduction of a 2-Ethyl-1H-1-imidazolyl Group. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:764-9. [PMID: 15997131 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To find a new series of arginine vasopressin (AVP) V1A receptor antagonists, the influence of the 2-phenyl group of 2-phenyl-4'-[(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl)carbonyl]benzanilide (7) was investigated. Replacement of the 2-phenyl group by a 2-ethyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl group was effective in yielding a V1A-selective compound. Moreover, this imidazolyl group was introduced in the same position in YM-35471 (6), and further studies of these compounds were performed. Consequently, we found that the (Z)-4'-({4,4-difluoro-5-[(N-cyclopropylcarbamoyl)methylene]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl}carbonyl)-2-(2-ethyl-1H-1-imidazol-1-yl)benzanilide (9f) exhibited highly potent affinity and selectivity, and was the most potent antagonist for the V1A receptor among our compounds. The synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of these compounds are described in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Shimada
- Institute for Drug Discovery Research, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Charton J, Girault-Mizzi S, Sergheraert C. Conversion of Sterically Hindered Diacylated 1,2-Phenylenediamines into 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:492-7. [PMID: 15863918 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of bulky 2-substituted benzimidazoles was designed in order to find new leads for several biological targets. Formation by cyclodehydration from their monoacylated counterparts was shown to be strongly dependent upon the nature of the acyl group. In the case of a dicyclohexylmethyl group, cyclization was only observed in a p-toluenesulfonic acid/toluene mixture from the symmetrical diacylated precursor. Analysis of the mechanism was begun starting from mixed diacylated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Charton
- UMR CNRS 8525, Universite de Lille II, Institut de Biologie et Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, B.P. 447, 59021 Lille cedex, France.
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Roy AD, Sharma S, Grover RK, Kundu B, Roy R. Novel Intramolecular Rearrangement Leading to the Synthesis of Biheterocyclic Indole−Benzoimidazole Derivatives on Solid Phase. Org Lett 2004; 6:4763-6. [PMID: 15575680 DOI: 10.1021/ol0479794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A novel intramolecular SNAr rearrangement observed during the S-alkylation of benzoimidazole-2-thione with alpha-haloacetophenone is reported. The rearrangement led to the formation of a new benzoimidazole-based intermediate, which is further utilized for the generation of a new biheterocyclic indole-benzimidazole derivatives with a two-point diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Deb Roy
- Division of SAIF, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
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Akhavan MM, Mojarrad JS, Rouzrokh A, Ebrahimi SA, Mahmoudian M, Shafiee A. Synthesis and antagonistic activity of four new 2-alkyl-N-biphenyl fused imidazoles on angiotensin II receptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 58:1193-9. [PMID: 14572871 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2003.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, four new 2-alkyl-N-biphenyl fused imidazoles were synthesized and the pharmacological properties of these compounds as angiotensin II antagonists were studied. First, the potency of the synthesized compounds on guinea-pig ileum was evaluated and the vasopressor effect of the most potent compound 6a was compared with losartan on isolated perfused rat kidney. The antagonistic activity of compound 6a (sodium 2-propyl-5-carbomethoxy-1-[(biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]pyrrolo[3,2-d]imidazole-2'-carboxylate) on angiotensin II receptors was greater than the other synthesized compounds and in isolated perfused rat kidney was similar to losartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar M Akhavan
- Razi Institute for Drug Research, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shaheed Hemmat Expressway, Tehran, Iran
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Atrash B, Reader J, Bradley M. Reusable resin plug-bound palladium catalysts for organic synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bräse S, Gil C, Knepper K. The recent impact of solid-phase synthesis on medicinally relevant benzoannelated nitrogen heterocycles. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:2415-37. [PMID: 12057632 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Benzoannelated heterocycles such as benzodiazepines and indoles can be prepared efficiently through cyclization on solid supports, although no single approach is currently universal for the preparation of all benzoannelated N-heterocycle chemistries. In this review, a number of synthetic strategies for the generation of benzoannelated nitrogen heterocycles using resin-bound substrates have been described. Classical heterocycle forming reactions such as the Fischer indole, the Bischler-Napieralski tetrahydroisoquinoline, the Pictet-Spengler tetrahydro-beta-carboline, the Tsuge, the Nenitzescu and the Richter cinnoline reaction are presented. In addition, the Heck, Sonogashira, Wittig, Diels-Alder, and olefin metathesis reactions have been also used. Multicomponent reactions such as the Grieco three-component assembly have been exploited for the synthesis of heterocycles. Cyclative cleavage from the solid support is particularly suitable for the synthesis of heterocycles while particular emphasis has been focused on the synthesis of libraries and the use of combinatorial chemistry techniques. In addition, the most relevant pharmacological properties of benzoannelated nitrogen heterocycles are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bräse
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Xiao Z, Xiao YD, Feng J, Golbraikh A, Tropsha A, Lee KH. Antitumor agents. 213. Modeling of epipodophyllotoxin derivatives using variable selection k nearest neighbor QSAR method. J Med Chem 2002; 45:2294-309. [PMID: 12014968 DOI: 10.1021/jm0105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have applied a variable selection k nearest neighbor quantitative structure-activity relationship (kNN QSAR) method to develop predictive QSAR models for 157 epipodophyllotoxins synthesized previously in our ongoing effort to develop potential anticancer agents. QSAR models were generated using multiple topological descriptors of chemical structures, including molecular connectivity indices (MCI) and molecular operating environment descriptors. The 157 compounds were separated into several training and test sets. The robustness of QSAR models was characterized by the values of the internal leave one out cross-validated R2 (q2) for the training set and external predictive R2 for the test set. The significance of the training set models was confirmed by statistically higher values of q2 for the original data set as compared to q2 values for the same data set with randomly shuffled activities. kNN QSAR models were compared with those obtained with the comparative molecular field analysis method; the kNN QSAR approach afforded models with higher values of both q2 and predictive R2. One of the best models obtained from kNN analysis using MCI as descriptors provided q2 and predictive R2 values of 0.60 and 0.62, respectively. QSAR models developed in these studies shall aid in future design of novel potent epipodophyllotoxin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Xiao
- Natural Products Laboratory, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Shafiee A, Mojarrad JS, Jalili MA, Adhami HR, Hadizadeh F. Syntheses of substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]imidazole-5-carboxylates and substitued pyrrolo[3,2-d]imidazole-5-carboxylates. J Heterocycl Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570390221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Vanelle P, Njoya Y, Boufatah N, Gellis A, Rathelot P, P. Crozet M, Vanelle P. Microwave Assisted Synthesis of New Benzimidazoles. HETEROCYCLES 2002. [DOI: 10.3987/com-02-9500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sattar MA, Yusof AP, Gan EK, Sam TW, Johns EJ. Acute renal failure in 2K2C Goldblatt hypertensive rats during antihypertensive therapy: comparison of an angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist and clonidine analogues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001; 20:297-304. [PMID: 11350495 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2680.2000.00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
1. This study compared the effect of a non-peptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist and a series of clonidine analogues on blood pressure and renal function in a two-kidney two-clip Goldblatt rat model of hypertension subjected to 2 weeks of dietary sodium deprivation. 2. Animals received either vehicle, the angiotensin II antagonist, ZD7155 or structural analogues derived from clonidine (AL-11, AL-12 and CN-10) at 10 mg kg-1 day-1 for 4 days. 3. All groups of rats had systolic blood pressure in the hypertensive range (160-180 mmHg). ZD7155 caused a 33-mmHg fall in blood pressure (P < 0.05) and raised plasma urea and creatinine four- to six-fold. 4. AL-12 decreased blood pressure by 30 mmHg (P < 0.05), but had no effect on water intake, urine flow or plasma urea and creatinine. AL-11 and CN-10 had minimal effects on blood pressure and water intake and while CN-10 decreased urine flow on the third treatment day, AL-11 markedly reduced urine flow by some 70%. 5. These data show that in this sodium deficient renovascular model of hypertension, blockade of angiotensin II receptors normalizes blood pressure but causes renal failure, whereas the vasodepressor action of the clonidine analogue AL-12 occurs without detriment to renal function. These findings imply that angiotensin II receptor antagonists could lead to renal failure if used as antihypertensive agents in renovascular hypertension whereas this would be avoided with the use of clonidine-like analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sattar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
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Dantzig A, LaLonde RT, Ramdayal F, Shepard RL, Yanai K, Zhang M. Cytotoxic responses to aromatic ring and configurational variations in alpha-conidendrin, podophyllotoxin, and sikkimotoxin derivatives. J Med Chem 2001; 44:180-5. [PMID: 11170627 DOI: 10.1021/jm990563p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of alpha-conidendrin, podophyllotoxin, and sikkimotoxin were prepared to evaluate the cytotoxic contributions of C-4 configuration and pendant and fused arene substitutions. Dimethyl-alpha-conidendryl alcohol (5), 9-deoxypodophyllol (6), and 9-deoxysikkimol (17) were dehydrated to their respective oxolane derivatives 4, 3, and 9. Diols 5 and 6 were converted via oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanols 10 and 14 to target oxolanes 8 and 7 where C-4 had been inverted relative to that in 3 and 4. Cytotoxicities of the five oxolanes were determined in two drug-sensitive human leukemia and two multidrug-resistant cell lines expressing P-glycoprotein or multidrug-resistance associated protein (MRP). Changing the pendant arene configuration or replacing a m-methoxy by hydrogen resulted in a 100-fold cytotoxicity loss. Replacing a methylenedioxy group in the fused arene by two methoxy substituents reduced cytotoxicity by 10-fold. Drug-resistant cell lines were equally resistant to compounds 3, 4, 8, and 9 indicating that these four compounds do not serve as substrates of the transport proteins P-glycoprotein and MRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dantzig
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210-2726, USA
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Yagupolskii LM, Fedyuk DV. 2-Alkyl-1-(2-aryl-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxyethyl)benzimidazoles: potential angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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46
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Zhu XK, Guan J, Tachibana Y, Bastow KF, Cho SJ, Cheng HH, Cheng YC, Gurwith M, Lee KH. Antitumor agents. 194. Synthesis and biological evaluations of 4-beta-mono-, -di-, and -trisubstituted aniline-4'-O-demethyl-podophyllotoxin and related compounds with improved pharmacological profiles. J Med Chem 1999; 42:2441-6. [PMID: 10395485 DOI: 10.1021/jm990055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of our structure-activity relationship studies, several new 4-beta-substituted 4'-O-demethyl-4-desoxypodophyllotoxins bearing mono-, di-, or trisubstituted anilines have been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase II and tumor cell growth in tissue culture. Selected compounds were further evaluated as cytotoxic agents using a clonogenic survival assay. The target compounds include 4'-O-demethyl-4beta-[(4' '-(benzimidazol-2' '-yl)anilino]-4-desoxypodophyllotoxin (21), 4'-O-demethyl-4beta-(-)-(4' '-camphanamido-anilino)-4-desoxypodophyllotoxin (25), 4-beta-disubstituted-anilino-4'-demethyl-4-desoxypodophyllotoxins (18-20, 26), 4-alpha-disubstituted-anilino-4'-demethyl-4-desoxypodophyllotoxin (27), 4-beta-trisubstituted-anilino-4'-demethyl-desoxypodophyllotoxin (22, 23), and 4'-O-demethyl-4beta-[4' '-(benzimidazol-2' '-yl)amino]-4-desoxypodophyllotoxin (24). Among the target series, 19, 21, and 24 displayed significant growth inhibitory action against a panel of tumor cell lines including human epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx (KB) and its etoposide-resistant (KB7B) and vincristine-resistant (vin20c KB) subclones, lung carcinoma (A549), human ileocecal carcinoma (HCT-8), human kidney carcinoma (CAKI-1), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and human malignant melanoma (SK-MEL-2) cells. Compounds 19, 21, 24, and 25 were "cleavable-complex"-forming DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors with either improved or similar activity compared with the prototype drug etoposide (VP-16). Compound 21 was the most active analogue, being 10-fold more potent than etoposide in both cell killing and topoisomerase II inhibition in vitro assays. Using mouse models of antitumor activity, 21 was effective against (P388/0) leukemia but not against the growth of a (MCF7) mammary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- X K Zhu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Veelken R, Hilgers KF, Scrogin KE, Mann JF, Schmieder RE. Endogenous angiotensin II and the reflex response to stimulation of cardiopulmonary serotonin 5HT3 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 1998; 125:1761-7. [PMID: 9886768 PMCID: PMC1565763 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Angiotensin (Ang) II modulates cardiovascular baroreflexes; whether or not the peptide influences chemosensitive cardiovascular reflexes is not known. We tested the hypothesis that Ang II modulates the reflex control of sympathetic nerve activity exerted by 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5HT3) cardiopulmonary receptors. 2. The 5HT3 receptor agonist phenylbiguanide (PBG), infused intravenously for 15 min, elicited a sustained reflex decrease of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) but only transient (<3 min) changes of arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in methohexital-anaesthesized rats. 3. Infusion of Ang II at a dose that did not affect baseline BP, HR and RSNA enhanced the PBG-evoked reflex decrease of RSNA (-54+/-5% in Ang II treated versus -33+/-6% in control rats after 15 min PBG, P<0.05, n = 6 each) in methohexital-anaesthetized rats. 4. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor lisinopril blunted the reflex responses to PBG in anaesthetized as well as conscious animals. The effect of the ACE inhibitor was abolished by concomitant infusion of Ang II. 5. The reflex response to stimulation of cardiopulmonary 5HT3 afferents was also impaired by the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1) blocker ZD7155 but not by the type 2 (AT2) blocker PD 123319. 6. Infusion of a volume load to stimulate cardiopulmonary baroreceptors induced a gradual decrease of RSNA which was impaired by exogenous Ang II (RSNA -26+/-6% in Ang II treated versus -47+/-6% in control rats after volume load, P<0.05, n = 6 each) but unaffected by ACE inhibition. 7. The reflex control of RSNA by cardiopulmonary 5HT3 receptors is enhanced by Ang II via AT1 receptors. Thus, Ang II facilitates a chemosensitive cardiovascular reflex, in contrast to its inhibitory influences on mechanosensitive reflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Veelken
- Department of Medicine-Nephrology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Biadatti T, Quiclet-Sire B, Saunier JB, Zard SZ. The Tetrazolylmethyl and Related Radicals: A Convenient Access to Tetrazoles and Other Heterocyclic Derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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