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Jadoon L, Gul A, Fatima H, Babar MM. Nano-elicitation and hydroponics: a synergism to enhance plant productivity and secondary metabolism. PLANTA 2024; 259:80. [PMID: 38436711 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This review has explored the importance of using a synergistic approach of nano-elicitation and hydroponics to improve plant growth and metabolite production. Furthermore, it emphasizes the significance of green nanotechnology and eco-friendly practices while utilizing this approach to promote the development of a sustainable agriculture system. Nano-elicitation stimulates metabolic processes in plants using nanoparticles (NPs) as elicitors. The stimulation of these biochemical processes can enhance plant yield and productivity, along with the production of secondary metabolites. Nanoparticles have garnered the attention of scientific community because of their unique characteristics, such as incredibly small size and large surface-to-volume ratio, which make them effective elicitors. Hydroponic systems, which optimize growing conditions to increase plant production, are typically used to study the effect of elicitors. By integrating these two approaches, the qualitative and quantitative output of plants can be increased while employing minimal resources. As the global demand for high-quality crops and bioactive compounds surges, embracing this synergistic approach alongside sustainable farming practices can pave the way for resilient agricultural systems, ensuring food security and fostering an eco-friendly environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linta Jadoon
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Gul
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Hunaiza Fatima
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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Miceli N, Kwiecień I, Nicosia N, Speranza J, Ragusa S, Cavò E, Davì F, Taviano MF, Ekiert H. Improvement in the Biosynthesis of Antioxidant-Active Metabolites in In Vitro Cultures of Isatis tinctoria (Brassicaceae) by Biotechnological Methods/Elicitation and Precursor Feeding. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051111. [PMID: 37237977 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the in vitro shoot culture of Isatis tinctoria L. and its ability to produce antioxidant bioactive compounds. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium variants, containing different concentrations (0.1-2.0 mg/L) of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were tested. Their influence on the growth of biomass, accumulation of phenolic compounds, and antioxidant potential was evaluated. To improve the phenolic content, agitated cultures (MS 1.0/1.0 mg/L BAP/NAA) were treated with different elicitors, including the following: Methyl Jasmonate, CaCl2, AgNO3, and yeast, as well as with L-Phenylalanine and L-Tyrosine-precursors of phenolic metabolites. The total phenolic content (TPC) of hydroalcoholic extracts (MeOH 70%) obtained from the biomass grown in vitro was determined spectrophotometrically; phenolic acids and flavonoids were quantified by RP-HPLC. Moreover, the antioxidant potential of extracts was examined through the DPPH test, the reducing power, and the Fe2+ chelating assays. The biomass extracts obtained after 72 h of supplementation with Tyr (2 g/L), as well as after 120 and 168 h with Tyr (1 g/L), were found to be the richest in TPC (49.37 ± 0.93, 58.65 ± 0.91, and 60.36 ± 4.97 mg GAE/g extract, respectively). Whereas among the elicitors, the highest TPC achieved was with CaCl2 (20 and 50 mM 24 h), followed by MeJa (50 and 100 µM, 120 h). The HPLC of the extracts led to the identification of six flavonoids and nine phenolic acids, with vicenin-2, isovitexin, syringic, and caffeic acids being the most abundant compounds. Notably, the amount of all flavonoids and phenolic acids detected in the elicited/precursor feeding biomass was higher than that of the leaves of the parental plant. The best chelating activity was found with the extract of biomass fed with Tyrosine 2 g/L, 72 h (IC50 0.27 ± 0.01 mg/mL), the strongest radical scavenging (DPPH test) for the extract obtained from biomass elicited with CaCl2 50 mM, after 24 h of incubation (25.14 ± 0.35 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/g extract). In conclusion, the in vitro shoot culture of I. tinctoria supplemented with Tyrosine, as well as MeJa and/or CaCl2, could represent a biotechnological source of compounds with antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Inga Kwiecień
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Noemi Nicosia
- Foundation "Prof. Antonio Imbesi", University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Jasmine Speranza
- Foundation "Prof. Antonio Imbesi", University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Salvatore Ragusa
- PLANTA/Research, Documentation and Training Center, Via Serraglio Vecchio 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Emilia Cavò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Foundation "Prof. Antonio Imbesi", University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Davì
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Foundation "Prof. Antonio Imbesi", University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Fernanda Taviano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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Ahmad F, Nadeem H. Mass Spectroscopy as an Analytical Tool to Harness the Production of Secondary Plant Metabolites: The Way Forward for Drug Discovery. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2575:77-103. [PMID: 36301472 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2716-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The molecular map of diverse biological molecules linked with structure, function, signaling, and regulation within a cell can be elucidated using an analytically demanding omic approach. The latest trend of using "metabolomics" technologies has explained the natural phenomenon of opening a new avenue to understand and enhance bioactive compounds' production. Examination of sequenced plant genomes has revealed that a considerable portion of these encodes genes of secondary metabolism. In addition to genetic and molecular tools developed in the current era, the ever-increasing knowledge about plant metabolism's biochemistry has initiated an approach for wisely designed, more productive genetic engineering of plant secondary metabolism for improved defense systems and enhanced biosynthesis of beneficial metabolites. Secondary plant metabolites are natural products synthesized by plants that are not directly involved with their average growth and development but play a vital role in plant defense mechanisms. Plant secondary metabolites are classified into four major classes: terpenoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and sulfur-containing compounds. More than 200,000 secondary metabolites are synthesized by plants having a unique and complex structure. Secondary plant metabolites are well characterized and quantified by omics approaches and therefore used by humans in different sectors such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, chemical industries, and biofuel. The aim is to establish metabolomics as a comprehensive and dynamic model of diverse biological molecules for biomarkers and drug discovery. In this chapter, we aim to illustrate the role of metabolomic technology, precisely liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, specifically as a research tool in the production and identification of novel bioactive compounds for drug discovery and to obtain a unified insight of secondary metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Hera Nadeem
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Selim S, Akhtar N, El Azab E, Warrad M, Alhassan HH, Abdel-Mawgoud M, Al Jaouni SK, Abdelgawad H. Innovating the Synergistic Assets of β-Amino Butyric Acid (BABA) and Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) in Improving the Growth, Nitrogen Metabolism, Biological Activities, and Nutritive Value of Medicago interexta Sprouts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030306. [PMID: 35161286 PMCID: PMC8839959 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In view of the wide traditional uses of legume sprouts, several strategies have been approved to improve their growth, bioactivity, and nutritive values. In this regard, the present study aimed at investigating how priming with selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs, 25 mg L-1) enhanced the effects of β-amino butyric acid (BABA, 30 mM) on the growth, physiology, nitrogen metabolism, and bioactive metabolites of Medicago interexta sprouts. The results have shown that the growth and photosynthesis of M. interexta sprouts were enhanced by the treatment with BABA or SeNPs, being higher under combined treatment. Increased photosynthesis provided the precursors for the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. In this regard, the combined treatment had a more pronounced effect on the bioactive primary metabolites (essential amino acids), secondary metabolites (phenolics, GSH, and ASC), and mineral profiles of the investigated sprouts than that of sole treatments. Increased amino acids were accompanied by increased nitrogen metabolism, i.e., nitrate reductase, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), glutamine synthase (GS), cysteine synthesis serine acetyltransferase, arginase, threonine synthase, and methionine synthase. Further, the antioxidant capacity (FRAP), the anti-diabetic activities (i.e., α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities), and the glycemic index of the tested sprouts were more significantly improved by the combined treatment with BABA and SeNPs than by individual treatment. Overall, the combined effect of BABA and SeNPs could be preferable to their individual effects on plant growth and bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Eman El Azab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Quriat, Jouf University, Al-Quriat 77454, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.A.); (M.W.)
| | - Mona Warrad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Quriat, Jouf University, Al-Quriat 77454, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.A.); (M.W.)
| | - Hassan H. Alhassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Mawgoud
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Centre, Cairo 11753, Egypt;
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamada Abdelgawad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (H.A.)
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Afonso AC, Sousa M, Simões LC, Simões M. Phytochemicals Against Drug-Resistant Bacterial Biofilms and Use of Green Extraction Solvents to Increase Their Bioactivity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Elarabi NI, Abdelhadi AA, Sief-Eldein AGM, Ismail IA, Abdallah NA. Overexpression of chalcone isomerase A gene in Astragalus trigonus for stimulating apigenin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24176. [PMID: 34921216 PMCID: PMC8683443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is one of the most studied flavonoids and is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Apigenin exerts important antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor activities, and anti-inflammatory effects in neurological or cardiovascular disease. Chalcone isomerase A (chiA) is an important enzyme of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. In order to enhance the apigenin production, the petunia chi A gene was transformed for Astragalus trigonus. Bialaphos survived plants were screened by PCR, dot blot hybridization and RT-PCR analysis. Also, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, chitosan and yeast extract were tested to evaluate their capacity to work as elicitors for apigenin. Results showed that yeast extract was the best elicitor for induction of apigenin with an increase of 3.458 and 3.9 fold of the control for calli and cell suspension culture, respectively. Transformed cell suspension showed high apigenin content with a 20.17 fold increase compared to the control and 6.88 fold more than the yeast extract treatment. While, transformed T1 calli derived expressing chiA gene produced apigenin 4.2 fold more than the yeast extract treatment. It can be concluded that the highest accumulation of apigenin was obtained with chiA transgenic cell suspension system and it can be utilized to enhancement apigenin production in Astragalus trigonus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa I Elarabi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
- National Biotechnology Network of Expertise, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelhadi A Abdelhadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
- National Biotechnology Network of Expertise, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed G M Sief-Eldein
- Tissue Culture Unit, Ecology and Dry Land Agriculture Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), 11753 El-matarya, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ismail A Ismail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naglaa A Abdallah
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
- National Biotechnology Network of Expertise, Cairo, Egypt.
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Aloo SO, Ofosu FK, Oh DH. Elicitation: a new perspective into plant chemo-diversity and functional property. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-19. [PMID: 34802360 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2004388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sprouts are consumed as fresh foods or their flours can be added in processed products as determinants of sensory perception, product differentiation, and shelf life. Elicitation technique can be used to accumulate phytochemicals in plant sprouts thereby improving their functionality. This review summarized the recent state of knowledge on the use of elicitors to produce sprouts with improved functional properties. Elicitation using abiotic or biotic elicitors has been applied to increase the yield of sprout secondary metabolites (glucosinolates, aminobutyric acid, phenolic compounds), biological activities (antioxidant, anti-obesity, antidiabetic properties), and growth. Elicitors trigger the synthesis of plant metabolites by changing enzyme activities or gene expression related to the plant defence system. They also promote sprout growth by enhancing the levels of plant growth hormones. Elicitation is an effective method to produce sprouts with improved health benefits, and enhance their growth. Future studies are needed to identify early plant signaling pathways to fully understand elicitors' mechanisms on plant metabolites. Moreover, further investigation can be impetus in revealing the lower and upper limits of elicitor that can be applied in sprouts without compromising health and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Okomo Aloo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Fred Kwame Ofosu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Maina S, Ryu DH, Cho JY, Jung DS, Park JE, Nho CW, Bakari G, Misinzo G, Jung JH, Yang SH, Kim HY. Exposure to Salinity and Light Spectra Regulates Glucosinolates, Phenolics, and Antioxidant Capacity of Brassica carinata L. Microgreens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1183. [PMID: 34439431 PMCID: PMC8389028 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of salt treatment on Brassica carinata (BC) microgreens grown under different light wavelengths on glucosinolates (GLs) and phenolic compounds were evaluated. Quantifiable GLs were identified using ultra-high performance-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Extracts' ability to activate antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) was evaluated on human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116). Furthermore, BC compounds' ability to activate expression of nuclear transcription factor-erythroid 2 related factor (Nrf2) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins was examined using specific antibodies on HCT116 cells. Sinigrin (SIN) was the abundant GLs of the six compounds identified and its content together with total aliphatic GLs increased in saline conditions. Fluorescent (FL) and blue plus red (B1R1) lights were identified as stable cultivation conditions for microgreens, promoting biomass and glucobrassicin contents, whereas other identified individual and total indole GLs behaved differently in saline and non-saline environments. Blue light-emitting diodes and FL light in saline treatments mostly enhanced SIN, phenolics and antioxidant activities. The increased SOD and CAT activities render the BC microgreens suitable for lowering oxidative stress. Additionally, activation of Nrf2, and HO-1 protein expression by the GLs rich extracts, demonstrate their potential to treat and prevent oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, effective salt treatments and light exposure to BC microgreens present an opportunity for targeted regulation of growth and accumulation of bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Maina
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Da Hye Ryu
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jwa Yeong Cho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Da Seul Jung
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Jai-Eok Park
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Gaymary Bakari
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Je Hyeong Jung
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea;
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
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Madani H, Escrich A, Hosseini B, Sanchez-Muñoz R, Khojasteh A, Palazon J. Effect of Polyploidy Induction on Natural Metabolite Production in Medicinal Plants. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060899. [PMID: 34204200 PMCID: PMC8234191 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy plays an important role in plant diversification and speciation. The ploidy level of plants is associated with morphological and biochemical characteristics, and its modification has been used as a strategy to alter the quantitative and qualitative patterns of secondary metabolite production in different medicinal plants. Polyploidization can be induced by many anti-mitotic agents, among which colchicine, oryzalin, and trifluralin are the most common. Other variables involved in the induction process include the culture media, explant types, and exposure times. Due to the effects of polyploidization on plant growth and development, chromosome doubling has been applied in plant breeding to increase the levels of target compounds and improve morphological characteristics. Prompted by the importance of herbal medicines and the increasing demand for drugs based on plant secondary metabolites, this review presents an overview of how polyploidy can be used to enhance metabolite production in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Madani
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran; (H.M.); (B.H.)
| | - Ainoa Escrich
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Bahman Hosseini
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran; (H.M.); (B.H.)
| | - Raul Sanchez-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckststraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Abbas Khojasteh
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan, XXIII, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Javier Palazon
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan, XXIII, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Christopher A, Sarkar D, Shetty K. Elicitation of Stress-Induced Phenolic Metabolites for Antimicrobial Applications against Foodborne Human Bacterial Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:109. [PMID: 33498658 PMCID: PMC7910900 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne bacterial pathogens in consumed foods are major food safety concerns worldwide, leading to serious illness and even death. An exciting strategy is to use novel phenolic compounds against bacterial pathogens based on recruiting the inducible metabolic responses of plant endogenous protective defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. Such stress-inducible phenolic metabolites have high potential to reduce bacterial contamination, and particularly improve safety of plant foods. The stimulation of plant protective response by inducing biosynthesis of stress-inducible phenolics with antimicrobial properties is among the safe and effective strategies that can be targeted for plant food safety and human gut health benefits. Metabolically driven elicitation with physical, chemical, and microbial elicitors has shown significant improvement in the biosynthesis of phenolic metabolites with antimicrobial properties in food and medicinal plants. Using the above rationale, this review focuses on current advances and relevance of metabolically driven elicitation strategies to enhance antimicrobial phenolics in plant food models for bacterial-linked food safety applications. Additionally, the specific objective of this review is to explore the potential role of redox-linked pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) regulation for enhancing biosynthesis of stress-inducible antibacterial phenolics in elicited plants, which are relevant for wider food safety and human health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (A.C.); (D.S.)
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Kalli S, Araya-Cloutier C, de Bruijn WJC, Chapman J, Vincken JP. Induction of promising antibacterial prenylated isoflavonoids from different subclasses by sequential elicitation of soybean. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 179:112496. [PMID: 33070076 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elicited soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill, Leguminosae) seedlings can produce prenylated isoflavonoids from different subclasses, namely pterocarpans (glyceollins), isoflavones and coumestans. These prenylated isoflavonoids serve as defence compounds and can possess antimicrobial activity. Recently, we showed that priming with reactive oxygen species (ROS) specifically stimulated the production of glyceollins in Rhizopus spp.-elicited soybean seedlings (ROS + R). In this study, we achieved diversification of the inducible subclasses of prenylated isoflavonoids in soybean, by additional stimulation of two prenylated isoflavones and one prenylated coumestan. This was achieved by using a combination of the relatively long-lived ROS representative, H2O2, with AgNO3 prior to microbial elicitation. Microbial elicitation was performed with a live preparation of either a phytopathogenic fungus, Rhizopus spp. or a symbiotic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. B. subtilis induced 30% more prenylated isoflavones than Rhizopus spp. in (H2O2 + AgNO3)-treated seedlings, without significantly compromising the total levels of glyceollins, compared to (ROS + R)-treated seedlings. The most abundant prenylated isoflavone induced was 6-prenyl daidzein, which constituted 60% of the total isoflavones. The prenylated coumestan, phaseol, was also induced in the (H2O2 + AgNO3)-treated and microbially elicited seedlings. Based on previously developed quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, 6-prenyl daidzein and phaseol were predicted to be promising antibacterials. Overall, we show that treatment with H2O2 and AgNO3 prior to microbial elicitation leads to the production of promising antibacterial isoflavonoids from different subclasses. Extracts rich in prenylated isoflavonoids may potentially be applied as natural antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Kalli
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Araya-Cloutier
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter J C de Bruijn
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - John Chapman
- Unilever R&D, Bronland 14, 6708 WH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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12
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Metabolomic differences between invasive alien plants from native and invaded habitats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9749. [PMID: 32546786 PMCID: PMC7297986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66477-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Globalization facilitated the spread of invasive alien species (IAS), undermining the stability of the world's ecosystems. We investigated the metabolomic profiles of three IAS species: Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) Datura stramonium (Solanaceae), and Xanthium strumarium (Asteraceae), comparing metabolites of individual plants in their native habitats (USA), to their invasive counterparts growing in and around Kruger National Park (South Africa, ZA). Metabolomic samples were collected using RApid Metabolome Extraction and Storage (RAMES) technology, which immobilizes phytochemicals on glass fiber disks, reducing compound degradation, allowing long-term, storage and simplifying biochemical analysis. Metabolomic differences were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) of samples eluted from RAMES disks. Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) of metabolomes of individual plants allowed statistical separation of species, native and invasive populations of each species, and some populations on the same continent. Invasive populations of all species were more phytochemically diverse than their native counterparts, and their metabolomic profiles were statistically distinguishable from their native relatives. These data may elucidate the mechanisms of successful invasion and rapid adaptive evolution of IAS. Moreover, RAMES technology combined with PLS-DA statistical analysis may allow taxonomic identification of species and, possibly, populations within each species.
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13
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Ghumman A, Singh N, Kaur A. Influence of sprouting on phenolic composition and starch characteristics of lentil and horse gram. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atinder Ghumman
- Department of Food Science and Technology Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar 143005 Punjab India
| | - Narpinder Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar 143005 Punjab India
| | - Amritpal Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar 143005 Punjab India
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Biswas T, Dwivedi UN. Plant triterpenoid saponins: biosynthesis, in vitro production, and pharmacological relevance. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1463-1486. [PMID: 31297656 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The saponins are a diverse class of natural products, with a broad scale distribution across different plant species. Chemically characterized as triterpenoid glycosides, they posses a 30C oxidosqualene precursor-based aglycone moiety (sapogenin), to which glycosyl residues are subsequently attached to yield the corresponding saponin. Based on the chemically distinct aglycone moieties, broadly, they are divided into triterpenoid saponins (dammaranes, ursanes, oleananes, lupanes, hopanes, etc.) and the sterol glycosides. This review aims to present in detail the biosynthesis patterns of the different aglycones from a common precursor and their glycosylation patterns to yield the functionally active glycoside. The review also presents recent advances in the pharmacological activities of these saponins, particularly as potent anti-neoplastic pharmacophores, antioxidants, or anti-viral/antibacterial agents. Since alternate production pedestals for these pharmacologically important triterpenes via cell and tissue cultures are an attractive option for their sustainable production, recent trends in the variety and scale of in vitro production of plant triterpenoids have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Upendra N Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
- Institute for Development of Advanced Computing, ONGC Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
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15
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Moreno DA, Pérez-Balibrea S, García-Viguera C. Phytochemical Quality and Bioactivity of Edible Sprouts. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible sprouts are phytonutrient-rich plant foods, good source of flavonoids, other polyphenols, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, proteins, minerals and vitamins. The increasing consumption of sprouts requires optimisation of their quality, palatability and bioactivity. Multiple genetic and environmental factors (growth conditions, stress, elicitors) affect the production and accumulation of phytochemicals in these foods, offering the basis for further research on the improvement of the nutritional and health-relevant functional value of edible sprouts. In the present review, we focus on the phytochemical characteristics of edible sprouts, which can be regarded as a safe and promising a new dietary source of natural products for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Moreno
- Lab. Fitoquímica, Grupo de Investigación en Calidad, Seguridad y Bioactividad de Alimentos Vegetales, Dept. of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Santiago Pérez-Balibrea
- Lab. Fitoquímica, Grupo de Investigación en Calidad, Seguridad y Bioactividad de Alimentos Vegetales, Dept. of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Viguera
- Lab. Fitoquímica, Grupo de Investigación en Calidad, Seguridad y Bioactividad de Alimentos Vegetales, Dept. of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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16
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Abouzeid S, Beutling U, Surup F, Abdel Bar FM, Amer MM, Badria FA, Yahyazadeh M, Brönstrup M, Selmar D. Treatment of Vinca minor Leaves with Methyl Jasmonate Extensively Alters the Pattern and Composition of Indole Alkaloids. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2905-2909. [PMID: 29131648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids extracted from mature Vinca minor leaves were fractionated by preparative HPLC. By means of HRMS and NMR data, the main alkaloids were identified as vincamine, strictamine, 10-hydroxycathofoline, and vincadifformine. Upon treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), the pattern and composition of the indole alkaloids changed extensively. While 10-hydroxycathofoline and strictamine concentrations remained unaltered, vincamine and vincadifformine levels showed a dramatic reduction. Upon MeJA treatment, four other indole alkaloids were detected in high quantities. Three of these alkaloids have been identified as minovincinine, minovincine, and 9-methoxyvincamine. Whereas minovincinine and minovincine are known to occur in trace amounts in V. minor, 9-methoxyvincamine represents a novel natural product. Based on the high similarities of vincamine and 9-methoxyvincamine and their inverse changes in concentrations, it is postulated that vincamine is a precursor of 9-methoxyvincamine. Similarly, vincadifformine seems to be converted first to minovincinine and finally to minovincine. Because MeJA treatment greatly altered the alkaloidal composition of V. minor, it could be used as a potential elicitor of alkaloids that are not produced under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abouzeid
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig , 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University , Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | | | - Fatma M Abdel Bar
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University , Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Amer
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University , Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Farid A Badria
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University , Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahdi Yahyazadeh
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig , 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Selmar
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig , 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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17
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Martínez-Esplá A, Valero D, Martínez-Romero D, Castillo S, Giménez MJ, García-Pastor ME, Serrano M, Zapata PJ. Preharvest Application of Methyl Jasmonate as an Elicitor Improves the Yield and Phenolic Content of Artichoke. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9247-9254. [PMID: 28960971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJa) treatment as an elicitor of artichoke plants [Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori] on the yield and quality attributes of artichokes, especially those related to individual phenolic content and antioxidant activity, at two harvest dates and along storage were analyzed in this research. Plants treated gave a higher yield of artichokes in comparison to control plants, with 0.55 kg more per plant. MeJa treatment also increased artichoke quality and phenolic content in the edible fraction at harvest and during storage at 2 °C for 28 days as a result of the accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acids and luteolin derivatives. In addition, antioxidant activity was enhanced by MeJa treatment and correlated with the total phenolic content. Results suggest that MeJa foliar application could be a simple and practical tool to improve the yield and phytochemical content on artichokes, with elicitation being a cheap and environmentally friendly procedure to improve the health-beneficial effects of artichoke consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Martínez-Esplá
- Department of Food Technology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO) and ‡Department of Applied Biology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO), University Miguel Hernández , Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Food Technology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO) and ‡Department of Applied Biology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO), University Miguel Hernández , Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Domingo Martínez-Romero
- Department of Food Technology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO) and ‡Department of Applied Biology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO), University Miguel Hernández , Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Salvador Castillo
- Department of Food Technology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO) and ‡Department of Applied Biology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO), University Miguel Hernández , Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - María José Giménez
- Department of Food Technology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO) and ‡Department of Applied Biology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO), University Miguel Hernández , Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria Emma García-Pastor
- Department of Food Technology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO) and ‡Department of Applied Biology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO), University Miguel Hernández , Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Food Technology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO) and ‡Department of Applied Biology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO), University Miguel Hernández , Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Javier Zapata
- Department of Food Technology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO) and ‡Department of Applied Biology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO), University Miguel Hernández , Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
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18
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Secondary Metabolite Production in Transgenic Hairy Root Cultures of Cucurbits. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017. [PMCID: PMC7123301 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28669-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbits are important group of vegetables due to their nutritional significance and are also used for valuable traditional medicine. The infection of plants by Agrobacterium rhizogenes results in a hairy root (HR) phenotype characterized by rapid growth in hormone-free medium, an unusual ageotropism and extensive lateral branching. These genetically transformed root cultures (hairy roots) can produce levels of secondary metabolites comparable to that of intact plants. Hairy root cultures offer promise for high production and productivity of valuable secondary metabolites in many plants. High stability and productivity features allow the exploitation of HRs as valuable biotechnological tool for the production of plant secondary metabolites. While these chemical compounds are employed by plants for interactions with their environment, humans have long since explored and exploited plant secondary metabolites for medicinal and practical uses. The main constraint for commercial exploitation of hairy root cultivations is the development and scaling up of appropriate reactor vessels (bioreactors) that permit the growth of interconnected tissues normally unevenly distributed throughout the vessel. Emphasis has focused on designing appropriate bioreactors suitable to culture the delicate and sensitive plant hairy roots. To this end, hairy root culture presents an excellent platform for producing valuable secondary metabolites. For these reasons, this chapter describes the establishment of hairy roots and production of secondary metabolites from hairy roots of cucurbits and also phytochemicals uses for biological activity.
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19
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Pedro HG, Ana CAUP. Growth promotion and elicitor activity of salicylic acid in Achillea millefolium L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2016.15320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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20
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Rekha K, Thiruvengadam M. Secondary Metabolite Production in Transgenic Hairy Root Cultures of Cucurbits. TRANSGENESIS AND SECONDARY METABOLISM 2016:1-27. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27490-4_6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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21
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Dueñas M, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Limón RI, Peñas E, Frias J. Effect of germination and elicitation on phenolic composition and bioactivity of kidney beans. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Forest biorefinery: Potential of poplar phytochemicals as value-added co-products. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:681-716. [PMID: 25733011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The global forestry industry after experiencing a market downturn during the past decade has now aimed its vision towards the integrated biorefinery. New business models and strategies are constantly being explored to re-invent the global wood and pulp/paper industry through sustainable resource exploitation. The goal is to produce diversified, innovative and revenue generating product lines using on-site bioresources (wood and tree residues). The most popular product lines are generally produced from wood fibers (biofuels, pulp/paper, biomaterials, and bio/chemicals). However, the bark and other tree residues like foliage that constitute forest wastes, still remain largely an underexploited resource from which extractives and phytochemicals can be harnessed as by-products (biopharmaceuticals, food additives and nutraceuticals, biopesticides, cosmetics). Commercially, Populus (poplar) tree species including hybrid varieties are cultivated as a fast growing bioenergy crop, but can also be utilized to produce bio-based chemicals. This review identifies and underlines the potential of natural products (phytochemicals) from Populus species that could lead to new business ventures in biorefineries and contribute to the bioeconomy. In brief, this review highlights the importance of by-products/co-products in forest industries, methods that can be employed to extract and purify poplar phytochemicals, the potential pharmaceutical and other uses of >160 phytochemicals identified from poplar species - their chemical structures, properties and bioactivities, the challenges and limitations of utilizing poplar phytochemicals, and potential commercial opportunities. Finally, the overall discussion and conclusion are made considering the recent biotechnological advances in phytochemical research to indicate the areas for future commercial applications from poplar tree species.
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23
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Kumari S, Dahuja A, Vinutha T, Lal SK, Kar A, Rai RD. Changes in the levels of off-flavor generation in soybean through biotic elicitor treatments. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:700-6. [PMID: 25552290 DOI: 10.1021/jf505199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional benefits of soybean remain underutilized as the off-flavor present in it limits the consumption and acceptability among people. The aim of the present study was to unveil the effect of the phytohormones methyl jasmonate (MJ: 0, 50 μM, 1 mM, and 15 mM) and salicylic acid (SA: 0, 50 μM, 0.1 mM, and 10 mM) as elicitors on two contrasting off-flavor soybean varieties at different growth stages (1, bloom; 2, pod development; 3, seed development). The effects of two elicitors varied widely and were found to be dose dependent and growth stage independent. SA reduces the lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) activity, which in turn resulted in reduction in the TBA number and carbonyl value in contrast to MJ. SA 0.1 mM is the most effective dose in reduction of off-flavor determining parameters and protein oxidation, and it reduces the LOX and HPL activity by 2.3- and 2.4-fold, respectively in "high off-flavor" cultivar 'Bragg' compared to "low off-flavor" cultivar 'DS 2706' which showed 1.4- and 2.1-fold, respectively. This reduction in protein oxidation is also supported by enhanced content of antioxidant enzymes. Thus, phytohormone SA can be used in reduction of off-flavor generation, more effectively than MJ treatments, in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Kumari
- Division of Biochemistry, ‡Division of Genetics, and §Division of Food Science & Post harvest Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi-110012, India
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24
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Kuchuk NV, Belokurova VB, Matvieieva NA, Peterson AA, Vasylenko MY, Kurchenko IM, Kurbatova LE, Torok T, Hunter-Cevera JC. Screening Plant Biodiversity In Vitro for New Natural Products. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2014.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay V. Kuchuk
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Valeria B. Belokurova
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Nadia A. Matvieieva
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Anton A. Peterson
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Maksym Yu Vasylenko
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Irina M. Kurchenko
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Lubov E. Kurbatova
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tamas Torok
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
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Study of leaf metabolome modifications induced by UV-C radiations in representative Vitis, Cissus and Cannabis species by LC-MS based metabolomics and antioxidant assays. Molecules 2014; 19:14004-21. [PMID: 25197936 PMCID: PMC6271074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UV-C radiation is known to induce metabolic modifications in plants, particularly to secondary metabolite biosynthesis. To assess these modifications from a global and untargeted perspective, the effects of the UV-C radiation of the leaves of three different model plant species, Cissus antarctica Vent. (Vitaceae), Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae) and Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae), were evaluated by an LC-HRMS-based metabolomic approach. The approach enabled the detection of significant metabolite modifications in the three species studied. For all species, clear modifications of phenylpropanoid metabolism were detected that led to an increased level of stilbene derivatives. Interestingly, resveratrol and piceid levels were strongly induced by the UV-C treatment of C. antarctica leaves. In contrast, both flavonoids and stilbene polymers were upregulated in UV-C-treated Vitis leaves. In Cannabis, important changes in cinnamic acid amides and stilbene-related compounds were also detected. Overall, our results highlighted phytoalexin induction upon UV-C radiation. To evaluate whether UV-C stress radiation could enhance the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds, the antioxidant activity of extracts from control and UV-C-treated leaves was measured. The results showed increased antioxidant activity in UV-C-treated V. vinifera extracts.
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26
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Baenas N, García-Viguera C, Moreno DA. Elicitation: a tool for enriching the bioactive composition of foods. Molecules 2014; 19:13541-63. [PMID: 25255755 PMCID: PMC6270998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Elicitation is a good strategy to induce physiological changes and stimulate defense or stress-induced responses in plants. The elicitor treatments trigger the synthesis of phytochemical compounds in fruits, vegetables and herbs. These metabolites have been widely investigated as bioactive compounds responsible of plant cell adaptation to the environment, specific organoleptic properties of foods, and protective effects in human cells against oxidative processes in the development of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Biotic (biological origin), abiotic (chemical or physical origin) elicitors and phytohormones have been applied alone or in combinations, in hydroponic solutions or sprays, and in different selected time points of the plant growth or during post-harvest. Understanding how plant tissues and their specific secondary metabolic pathways respond to specific treatments with elicitors would be the basis for designing protocols to enhance the production of secondary metabolites, in order to produce quality and healthy fresh foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Baenas
- Phytochemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Cristina García-Viguera
- Phytochemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Phytochemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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27
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Divya P, Puthusseri B, Neelwarne B. The effect of plant regulators on the concentration of carotenoids and phenolic compounds in foliage of coriander. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Baenas N, García-Viguera C, Moreno DA. Biotic elicitors effectively increase the glucosinolates content in Brassicaceae sprouts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1881-9. [PMID: 24484436 DOI: 10.1021/jf404876z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Several biotic elicitors have been used in Brassicaceae species to enhance their phytochemical quality. However, there is no comparison between elicitors under controlled growth conditions. In order to draw general conclusions about the use of elicitors to enrich ready-to-eat sprouts in health-promoting glucosinolates, the aim of this study was to unveil the effect of the phytohormones methyl jasmonate (25 μM), jasmonic acid (150 μM), and salicylic acid (100 μM), the oligosaccharides glucose (277 mM) and sucrose (146 mM), and the amino acid dl-methionine (5 mM) as elicitors over 8-day sprouting Brassica oleraceae (broccoli), Brassica napus (rutabaga cabbage), Brassica rapa (turnip), and Raphanus sativus (China rose radish and red radish), representative species high in glucosinolates previously studied. Results indicated that the phytohormones methyl jasmonate and jasmonic acid and the sugars acted as effective elicitors, increasing the total glucosinolate contents of the sprouts, particularly, glucoraphanin (from 183 to 294 mg·100 g(-1) in MeJA-treated broccoli sprouts), glucoraphenin (from 33 to 124 mg·100 g(-1) and from 167 to 227 mg·100 g(-1) in MeJA-treated China rose radish and red radish, respectively), and glucobrassicin (from 23.4 to 91.0 mg·100 g(-1) and from 29.6 to 186 mg·100 g(-1) in MeJA-treated turnip and rutabaga sprouts, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Baenas
- Phytochemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Bonilla A, Sarria ALF, Algar E, Muñoz Ledesma FJ, Ramos Solano B, Fernandes JB, Gutierrez Mañero FJ. Microbe associated molecular patterns from rhizosphere bacteria trigger germination and Papaver somniferum metabolism under greenhouse conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 74:133-40. [PMID: 24296249 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ten PGPR from different backgrounds were assayed on Papaver somniferum var. Madrigal to evaluate their potential as biotic elicitors to increase alkaloid content under the rationale that some microbe associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are able to trigger plant metabolism. First, the 10 strains and their culture media at two different concentrations were tested for their ability to trigger seed germination. Then, the best three strains were tested for their ability to increase seedling growth and alkaloid levels under greenhouse conditions. Only three strains and their culture media enhanced germination. Then, germination enhancing capacity of these best three strains, N5.18 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Aur9 Chryseobacterium balustinum and N21.4 Pseudomonas fluorescens was evaluated in soil. Finally, the three strains were applied on seedlings at two time points, by soil drench or by foliar spray. Photosynthesis was measured, plant height was recorded, capsules were weighted and alkaloids analyzed by HPLC. Only N5.18 delivered by foliar spray significantly increased plant height coupled to an increase in total alkaloids and a significant increase in opium poppy straw dry weight; these increases were supported by a better photosynthetic efficiency. The relative contents of morphine, thebaine, codeine and oripavine were affected by this treatment causing a significant increase in morphine coupled to a decrease in thebaine, demonstrating the effectivity of MAMPs from N5.18 in this plant species. Considering the increase in capsule biomass and alkaloids together with the acceleration of germination, strain N5.18 appears as a good candidate to elicit plant metabolism and consequently, to increase productivity of Papaver somniferum.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonilla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pablo CEU University, PO Box 67, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - A L F Sarria
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química, São Carlos, SP 13.565-905, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pablo CEU University, PO Box 67, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Algar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pablo CEU University, PO Box 67, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - F J Muñoz Ledesma
- ALCALIBER I+D+i, S.L.U. Ctra, Carmona-El Viso del Alcor, km. 18, 41410 Carmona, Sevilla, Spain
| | - B Ramos Solano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pablo CEU University, PO Box 67, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J B Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química, São Carlos, SP 13.565-905, Brazil
| | - F J Gutierrez Mañero
- Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pablo CEU University, PO Box 67, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
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Ramos-Solano B, Garcia-Villaraco A, Gutierrez-Mañero FJ, Lucas JA, Bonilla A, Garcia-Seco D. Annual changes in bioactive contents and production in field-grown blackberry after inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 74:1-8. [PMID: 24246668 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was two-fold: first, to characterize blackberry fruits from Rubus sp. var. Lochness along the year, and secondly, to evaluate the ability of a Pseudomonas strain (N21.4) to improve fruit yield and quality under field conditions in production greenhouses throughout the year. The strain was root or leaf inoculated to blackberry plants and fruits were harvested in each season. Nutritional parameters, antioxidant potential and bioactive contents were determined; total fruit yield was recorded. Blackberries grown under short day conditions (autumn and winter) showed significantly lower °Brix values than fruits grown under long day conditions. Interestingly, an increase in fruit °Brix, relevant for quality, was detected after bacterial challenge, together with significant and sustained increases in total phenolics and flavonoids. Improvements in inoculated fruits were more evident from October through early March, when environmental conditions are worse. In summary, N21.4 is an effective agent to increase fruit quality and production along the year in blackberry; this is an environmentally friendly approach to increase fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ramos-Solano
- University CEU San Pablo, Facultad de Farmacia, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5.3, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Garcia-Villaraco
- University CEU San Pablo, Facultad de Farmacia, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5.3, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - F J Gutierrez-Mañero
- University CEU San Pablo, Facultad de Farmacia, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5.3, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Lucas
- University CEU San Pablo, Facultad de Farmacia, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5.3, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Bonilla
- University CEU San Pablo, Facultad de Farmacia, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5.3, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Garcia-Seco
- University CEU San Pablo, Facultad de Farmacia, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5.3, 28668 Madrid, Spain
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Cragg GM, Newman DJ. Natural products: a continuing source of novel drug leads. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3670-95. [PMID: 23428572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1577] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nature has been a source of medicinal products for millennia, with many useful drugs developed from plant sources. Following discovery of the penicillins, drug discovery from microbial sources occurred and diving techniques in the 1970s opened the seas. Combinatorial chemistry (late 1980s), shifted the focus of drug discovery efforts from Nature to the laboratory bench. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review traces natural products drug discovery, outlining important drugs from natural sources that revolutionized treatment of serious diseases. It is clear Nature will continue to be a major source of new structural leads, and effective drug development depends on multidisciplinary collaborations. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The explosion of genetic information led not only to novel screens, but the genetic techniques permitted the implementation of combinatorial biosynthetic technology and genome mining. The knowledge gained has allowed unknown molecules to be identified. These novel bioactive structures can be optimized by using combinatorial chemistry generating new drug candidates for many diseases. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The advent of genetic techniques that permitted the isolation / expression of biosynthetic cassettes from microbes may well be the new frontier for natural products lead discovery. It is now apparent that biodiversity may be much greater in those organisms. The numbers of potential species involved in the microbial world are many orders of magnitude greater than those of plants and multi-celled animals. Coupling these numbers to the number of currently unexpressed biosynthetic clusters now identified (>10 per species) the potential of microbial diversity remains essentially untapped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon M Cragg
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
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Algar E, Gutierrez-Mañero FJ, Bonilla A, Lucas JA, Radzki W, Ramos-Solano B. Pseudomonas fluorescens N21.4 metabolites enhance secondary metabolism isoflavones in soybean (Glycine max) calli cultures. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11080-7. [PMID: 23039196 DOI: 10.1021/jf303334q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phytopharmaceuticals are plant secondary metabolites that are strongly inducible and especially sensitive to biotic changes. Plant cell cultures are a good alternative to obtain secondary metabolites, in case effective stimulation can be achieved. In this study, metabolic elicitors from two rhizobacteria able to enhance isoflavone content in soybean seedlings were tested on three different soybean calli cell lines. Results show that metabolic elicitors from Chryseobacterium balustinum Aur9 were not effective. However, there are at least two different metabolic elicitors from Pseudomonas fluorescens N21.4, one under 10 kDa and another over 10 kDa, that trigger isoflavone metabolism in the three cell lines with different isoflavone content. Elicitors from N21.4 achieved total isoflavone increases up to 29.7% (0.205 mg/g), 64.5% (0.487 mg/g), and 23.4% (0.726 mg/g) in the low-, intermediate-, and high-yield lines, respectively. Therefore, these elicitors have a great potential to enhance isoflavone production in cell cultures for development of functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Algar
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5.3, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
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Mañero FJG, Algar E, Martín Gómez MS, Saco Sierra MD, Solano BR. Elicitation of secondary metabolism in Hypericum perforatum by rhizosphere bacteria and derived elicitors in seedlings and shoot cultures. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:1201-1209. [PMID: 22900596 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.664150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypericum perforatum L. (Guttiferae) appears as an alternative treatment to mild and moderate depression and been traditionally used as a health enhancer based on the phytochemicals hyperforin and hypericin. However, field grown medicinal plants show variable levels of phytopharmaceuticals depending on environmental conditions. Elicitation is a good strategy to trigger secondary metabolism. OBJECTIVE This study explored the ability of 6 rhizobacterial strains to trigger secondary metabolism in H. perforatum seedlings and molecular elicitors from the most effective strain N5.18 were tested in shoot cultures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hypericin and pseudohypericin were determined on seedlings and shoot cultures by HPLC. Three putative elicitors from bacterial culture media were assayed in three different concentrations. RESULTS Strain N5.18 significantly increased hypericin up to 1.2 ppm and pseudohypericin up to 3.4 ppm, over controls (0.3 and 2.5 ppm, respectively) when delivered to seedlings. In shoot cultures, only pseudohypericin was detected (168.9 ppm) and significant increases were observed under the different elicitors, reaching values of 3164.8 ppm with small elicitors in the middle concentration. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Secondary metabolism in plants is highly inducible due to its role in plant communication and defense. Our findings demonstrate that some beneficial bacterial strains are able to trigger secondary metabolism in H. perforatum plants when delivered through the roots and bacterial determinants released to culture media are able to reproduce the effect in shoot cultures. Therefore, these elicitors have great potential to enhance phytopharmaceutical production.
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Schumpp O, Bruderhofer N, Monod M, Wolfender JL, Gindro K. Ultraviolet induction of antifungal activity in plants. Mycoses 2012; 55:507-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2012.02192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Elicitor-induced cellular and molecular events are responsible for productivity enhancement in hairy root cultures: an insight study. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:1342-55. [PMID: 21909631 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of external stress stimuli triggers a plant cell to undergo a complex network of reactions that ultimately lead to the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites. These secondary metabolites help the plant to survive under stress challenge. The potential of biotic and abiotic elicitors for the induction and enhancement of secondary metabolite production in various culture systems including hairy root (HR) cultures is well-known. The elicitor-induced defense responses involves signal perception of elicitor by a cell surface receptor followed by its transduction involving some major cellular and molecular events including activation of major secondary message signaling pathways. This result in induction of gene expressions escorting to the synthesis of various proteins mainly associated with plant defense responses and secondary metabolite synthesis and accumulation. The review discusses the elicitor-induced various cellular and molecular events and correlates them with enhanced secondary metabolite synthesis in HR systems. Further, this review also concludes that combining elicitation with in-silico approaches enhances the usefulness of this practice in better understanding and identifying the rate-limiting steps of biosynthetic pathways existing in HRs which in turn can contribute towards better productivity by utilizing metabolic engineering aspects.
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Xu YM, Gao S, Bunting DP, Gunatilaka AAL. Unusual withanolides from aeroponically grown Withania somnifera. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:518-522. [PMID: 21315384 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to maximize production and the structural diversity of plant metabolites, the effect of growing the medicinal plant Withania somnifera under soil-less aeroponic conditions on its ability to produce withaferin A and withanolides was investigated. It resulted in the isolation and characterization of two compounds, 3α-(uracil-1-yl)-2,3-dihydrowithaferin A (1) and 3β-(adenin-9-yl)-2,3-dihydrowithaferin A (2), in addition to 10 known withanolides including 2,3-dihydrowithaferin A-3β-O-sulfate. 3β-O-Butyl-2,3-dihydrowithaferin A (3), presumably an artifact formed from withaferin A during the isolation process was also encountered. Reaction of withaferin A with uracil afforded 1 and its epimer, 3β-(uracil-1-yl)-2,3-dihydrowithaferin A (4). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their high resolution mass and NMR spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-ming Xu
- SW Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, AZ 85706-6800, USA
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Angelova S, Buchheim M, Frowitter D, Schierhorn A, Roos W. Overproduction of alkaloid phytoalexins in California poppy cells is associated with the co-expression of biosynthetic and stress-protective enzymes. MOLECULAR PLANT 2010; 3:927-939. [PMID: 20729473 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssq043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Many plant cells respond to pathogens by the induction of phytoalexin biosynthesis, but the underlying changes of gene expression are often obscured by their close linkage to the complex rearrangements during pathogen defense, especially the hypersensitive cell death. In root-derived cell cultures of Eschscholzia californica, the overproduction of cytotoxic benzophenanthridine alkaloids can be triggered by a minimum of pathogen pressure that does not evoke hypersensitive reactions. Such conditions activate a signal chain that is initiated by a short contact to low concentrations of yeast glycoprotein elicitor and includes a transient acidification of the cytoplasm. In contrast, high elicitor concentrations signal via an increase of jasmonate and trigger hypersensitive cell death, preceded by a drastic decay of translatable mRNAs. The main changes in protein and mRNA patterns caused by either signal path were compared by 2D proteomic separation, MS/MS sequencing and mRNA-in vitro translation. The four proteins showing the highest overexpression were identical between cells that received low or high-elicitor treatment and overlapped with the three proteins most up-regulated by artificial pH shifts. They comprised one biosynthetic enzyme (norcoclaurine:SAM 4' O-methyl-transferase) plus a unique combination of stress-protective proteins: a heat shock protein (hsp 70); a peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans isomerase (cyclophilin); and a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. It appears that overproduction of the benzophenanthridine phytoalexins requires the up-regulation of a rate-limiting biosynthetic enzyme plus the coordinated expression of a specific set of protective enzymes and thus is managed like an oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sornitza Angelova
- Kliment-Ohridski-University of Sofia, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Ramos-Solano B, Algar E, García-Villaraco A, García-Cristóbal J, Lucas García JA, Gutierrez-Mañero FJ. Biotic elicitation of isoflavone metabolism with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in early stages of development in Glycine max var. Osumi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:1484-92. [PMID: 20073465 DOI: 10.1021/jf903299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nine plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria from different backgrounds were assayed on Glycine max var. Osumi to evaluate their potential as biotic elicitors to increase isoflavone (IF) levels. Strains were inoculated on 2 day old pregerminated seeds. Six days after inoculation, the seedlings were harvested. Biometric parameters were registered, and IFs were determined. Although only one strain (N21.4) increased total IF contents and only one (M84) caused significant decreases in total IF, five different behaviors were detected when the daidzein and genistein families were analyzed separately. All strains triggered IF metabolism so further studies have to be developed since the different beneficial effects of IF through the diet may be due to the different IF profiles. These are encouraging results from two points of view: (1) N21.4 increases IF in seedlings, and (2) all other beneficial strains trigger IF metabolism differentially; hence, both facts could be used to prepare food supplements or as enriched standardized foods after full development of the biotechnological procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ramos-Solano
- Department of Biology, School of Farmacy, San Pablo CEU University, PO Box 67, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
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Cragg GM, Grothaus PG, Newman DJ. Impact of natural products on developing new anti-cancer agents. Chem Rev 2009; 109:3012-43. [PMID: 19422222 DOI: 10.1021/cr900019j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 887] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon M Cragg
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI-Frederick, Fairview Center, Suite 206, P.O. Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, USA
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Simões M, Bennett RN, Rosa EAS. Understanding antimicrobial activities of phytochemicals against multidrug resistant bacteria and biofilms. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:746-57. [PMID: 19471683 DOI: 10.1039/b821648g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Simões
- LEPAE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Ribnicky DM, Poulev A, Schmidt B, Cefalu WT, Raskin I. Evaluation of botanicals for improving human health. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87:472S-5S. [PMID: 18258641 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.2.472s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanical preparations have been used medicinally for thousands of years. Many commercially available botanical products are being marketed in the United States with little or no publicly available scientific validation of efficacy or consistency. For botanicals to be reliable for research purposes and consumer products, they must be standardized with sufficient quality controls to ensure consistent composition, safety, and potency. This includes uniform cultivation of source plants with controls to monitor for contamination from other species, pesticides, and environmental toxins. The active components of botanicals must be identified by activity-guided fractionation with the use of in vitro assays that require little test material followed by validation in vivo. Concentrations of active compounds within the botanicals can then be accurately measured to ensure the delivery of a dependable dose in the final product. The use of bioenhancing agents may be considered for compounds with poor bioavailability. Standardization of botanical therapeutics can only be achieved when the active compounds are identified and biological activity is confirmed, thus ensuring a consistent product.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ribnicky
- Biotechnology Center for Agriculture and the Environment, Cook College, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
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Oh DC, Kauffman CA, Jensen PR, Fenical W. Induced production of emericellamides A and B from the marine-derived fungus Emericella sp. in competing co-culture. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:515-20. [PMID: 17323993 DOI: 10.1021/np060381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Induction of the production of emericellamides A and B (1, 2), by the marine-derived fungus Emericella sp., was observed during co-culture with the marine actinomycete Salinispora arenicola. The planar structures of these new cyclic depsipeptides, which incorporate 3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyldecanoic acid and 3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyldodecanoic acid, were assigned by combined chemical and spectral methods. The absolute configurations of the amino acids, and those of the chiral centers on the side chain, were established by application of the Marfey's method, by J-based configuration analysis, and by application of the modified Mosher method. Emericellamides A and B show modest antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 3.8 and 6.0 microM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chan Oh
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0204, USA
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Aparicio-Fernández X, Manzo-Bonilla L, Loarca-Piña GF. Comparison of Antimutagenic Activity of Phenolic Compounds in Newly Harvested and Stored Common Beans Phaseolus vulgaris against Aflatoxin B1. J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gális I, Simek P, Narisawa T, Sasaki M, Horiguchi T, Fukuda H, Matsuoka K. A novel R2R3 MYB transcription factor NtMYBJS1 is a methyl jasmonate-dependent regulator of phenylpropanoid-conjugate biosynthesis in tobacco. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 46:573-92. [PMID: 16640595 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Target metabolic and large-scale transcriptomic analyses of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) cells were employed to identify novel gene(s) involved in methyl jasmonate (MJ)-dependent function in plants. At the metabolic level, we describe the specific accumulation of several phenylpropanoid-polyamine conjugates in MJ-treated BY-2 cells. Furthermore, global gene expression analysis of MJ-treated cells using a 16K cDNA microarray containing expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from BY-2 cells revealed 828 genes that were upregulated by MJ treatment within 48 h. Using time-course expression data we identified a novel MJ-inducible R2R3 MYB-type transcription factor (NtMYBJS1) that was co-expressed in a close temporal pattern with the core phenylpropanoid genes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL). Overexpression of NtMYBJS1 in tobacco BY-2 cells caused accumulation of specific phenylpropanoid conjugates in the cells. Subsequent microarray analysis of NtMYBJS1 transgenic lines revealed that a limited number of genes, including PAL and 4CL, were specifically induced in the presence of the NtMYBJS1 transgene. These results, together with results of both antisense expression analysis and of gel mobility shift assays, strongly indicate that the NtMYBJS1 protein functions in tobacco MJ signal transduction, inducing phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes and the accumulation of phenylpropanoid-polyamine conjugates during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Gális
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku,Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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Abstract
Natural polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids, which are synthesized by plants, have repeatedly been linked to multiple health benefits, but specific bioactive compounds or individualized roles have been difficult to interpret or to assign. This limitation has prevented the development of robust dietary recommendations. This paper describes a plant-cell-culture production approach that provides uniform yields of abundant natural mixtures of flavonoids from small molecules to high molecular weight oligomers and polymers. The flavonoids correspond to compounds produced in nature by the same plant genotypes; but, through elicitation tactics, the levels and the profiles of the flavonoid yield can be enhanced, and isolation from cell cultures is more rapid and streamlined than isolation from in vivo plant tissues. Introduction of (14)C sucrose to the cell-culture medium enabled the recovery and the identification of biolabeled flavonoid mixtures, which could be easily tracked in serum of rats after gavage. The biolabeled materials are now being investigated to determine tissue localization, structures of bioactive components, and the interactions between flavonoid components that contribute to bioactive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Lila
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801-7715, USA.
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Li WW, Barz W. Biotechnological production of two new 8,4′-oxynorneolignans by elicitation of Echinacea purpurea cell cultures. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Obied HK, Allen MS, Bedgood DR, Prenzler PD, Robards K, Stockmann R. Bioactivity and analysis of biophenols recovered from olive mill waste. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:823-37. [PMID: 15712986 DOI: 10.1021/jf048569x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Biophenols have attracted increasing attention during the past few years due to their biological activities and natural abundance and are potential targets for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Olive mill waste (OMW) is rich in biophenols and typically contains 98% of the total phenols in the olive fruit, making value addition to OMW an attractive enterprise. The phenolic profile of OMW is complex, yet this complexity has not been fully exploited in the valorization of the waste. Most work on the bioactivity of OMW has focused on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The analytical techniques used to identify and quantify active biophenols are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan K Obied
- School of Science and Technology and School of Wine and Food Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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