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Yoneyama H, Yamamoto D, Yamatodani A, Harusawa S. Efficient Approaches to <i>S</i>-alkyl-<i>N</i>-alkylisothioureas and Application to Novel Histamine H<sub>3</sub>R Antagonists. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2016; 136:1217-32. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yoneyama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | | | | | - Shinya Harusawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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2
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Babu KR, Khan FA. Aromaticity driven 1,6-conjugate addition of amines and phenols to cyclohexadienone derivative. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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3
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Wingen K, Stark H. Scaffold variations in amine warhead of histamine H₃ receptor antagonists. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2014; 10:e483-9. [PMID: 24451638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The histamine H₃ receptor (H₃R) is involved in numerous regulatory neurotransmission processes and there-fore, is a prominent target for centrally occurring disease with some promising clinical candidates. Previous research resulted in the identification of a core pharmacophore blueprint for H₃R antagonists/inverse agonists, which when inserted in a molecule, mostly ensures acceptable affinity. Nevertheless, variations of scaffold and peripheral areas can increase potency and pharmacokinetic profile of drug candidates. The variations in amine scaffolds of antagonists for this aminergic GPCR are of special importance.
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4
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Lipani L, Odadzic D, Weizel L, Schwed JS, Sadek B, Stark H. Studies on molecular properties prediction and histamine H3 receptor affinities of novel ligands with uracil-based motifs. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:578-88. [PMID: 25218907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The histamine H3 receptor (H3R) plays a role in cognitive and memory processes and is involved in different neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and narcolepsy. Therefore, several hH3R antagonists/inverse agonists entered clinical phases for a broad spectrum of mainly centrally occurring diseases. However, many other promising candidates failed due to their pharmacokinetic profile, mostly because of their strong lipophilicity accompanied with low solubility. Analysis of previous potential H3R selective antagonists/inverse agonists, e.g. pitolisant, revealed promising results concerning physicochemical properties and drug-likeness. Herein, a series of new hH3R ligands 8-20 consisting of piperidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yl-propoxyphenyl coupled to different uracil, thymine, and 5,6-dimethyluracil related moieties, were synthesized, evaluated on their binding properties at the hH3R and the estimation of different physicochemical and drug-likeness properties. Due to the coupling to various positions at pyrimidine-2,4-(1H,3H)-dione, affinity at hH3Rs and drug-likeness parameters have been improved. For instance, compound 9 showed in addition to high affinity at the hH3R (pKi (hH3R) = 8.14) clog S, clog P, LE, LipE, and drug-likeness score values of -4.36, 3.47, 0.34, 4.63, and 1.54, respectively. Also, the methyl substituted analog 17 (pKi (hH3R) = 8.15) revealed LE, LipE and drug-likeness score values of -3.29, 2.47, 0.49, 5.52, and 1.76, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lipani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy; Biocenter, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dalibor Odadzic
- Biocenter, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lilia Weizel
- Biocenter, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes-Stephan Schwed
- Biocenter, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Holger Stark
- Biocenter, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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5
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Nikolic K, Filipic S, Agbaba D, Stark H. Procognitive properties of drugs with single and multitargeting H3 receptor antagonist activities. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:613-23. [PMID: 24836924 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The histamine H3 receptor (H3 R) is an important modulator of numerous central control mechanisms. Novel lead optimizations for H3 R antagonists/inverse agonists involved studies of structure-activity relationships, cross-affinities, and pharmacokinetic properties of promising ligands. Blockade of inhibitory histamine H3 autoreceptors reinforces histaminergic transmission, while antagonism of H3 heteroreceptors accelerates the corticolimbic liberation of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, glutamate, dopamine, serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The H3 R positioned at numerous neurotransmission crossroads indicates therapeutic applications of small-molecule H3 R modulators in a number of psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases with various clinical candidates available. Dual target drugs displaying H3 R antagonism/inverse agonism with inhibition of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), histamine N-methyltransferase (HMT), or serotonin transporter (SERT) are novel class of procognitive agents. Main chemical diversities, pharmacophores, and pharmacological profiles of procognitive agents acting as H3 R antagonists/inverse agonists and dual H3 R antagonists/inverse agonists with inhibiting activity on AChE, HMT, or SERT are highlighted here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Nikolic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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6
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Wingen K, Schwed JS, Isensee K, Weizel L, Zivković A, Odadzic D, Odazic D, Stark H. Benzylpiperidine variations on histamine H3 receptor ligands for improved drug-likeness. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2236-9. [PMID: 24745967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several hH3R antagonists/inverse agonists entered clinical phases for a broad spectrum of mainly centrally occurring diseases. Nevertheless, many promising candidates failed due to their pharmacokinetic profile, mostly because of their strong lipophilicity and their dibasic character. Analysis of previously, as potential PET ligands synthesized compounds (ST-889, ST-928) revealed promising results concerning physicochemical properties and drug-likeness. Herein, the synthesis, the evaluation of the binding properties at the hH3R and the estimation of different physicochemical and drug-likeness properties of further novel benzylpiperidine variations on H3R antagonists is described. Due to the introduction of various small hydrophilic moieties in the structure, drug-likeness parameters have been improved. For instance, compound 12 (ST-1032) showed in addition to high affinity at the H3R (pKi (hH3R)=9.3) clogS, clogP, LE, LipE, and LELP values of -2.48, 2.18, 0.44, 7.14, and 4.95, respectively. Also, the keto derivative 5 (ST-1703, pKi (hH3R)=8.6) revealed LipE and LELP values of 5.25 and 6.84, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Wingen
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biozentrum, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - J Stephan Schwed
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kathleen Isensee
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biozentrum, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Lilia Weizel
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biozentrum, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Zivković
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Dalibor Odazic
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biozentrum, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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7
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Sach NW, Richter DT, Cripps S, Tran-Dubé M, Zhu H, Huang B, Cui J, Sutton SC. Synthesis of Aryl Ethers via a Sulfonyl Transfer Reaction. Org Lett 2012; 14:3886-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301615z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neal W. Sach
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel T. Richter
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Stephan Cripps
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michelle Tran-Dubé
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Huichun Zhu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Buwen Huang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jean Cui
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott C. Sutton
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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8
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1-Phenoxyalkyl-4-[(N,N-disubstitutedamino)alkyl]piperazine derivatives as non-imidazole histamine H3-antagonists. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Selivanova SV, Honer M, Combe F, Isensee K, Stark H, Krämer SD, Schubiger PA, Ametamey SM. Radiofluorinated histamine H3 receptor antagonist as a potential probe for in vivo PET imaging: Radiosynthesis and pharmacological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:2889-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Fluorinated non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2172-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Chen HF. Computational study of histamine H3-receptor antagonist with support vector machines and three dimension quantitative structure activity relationship methods. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 624:203-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Harper EA, Black JW. Histamine H3-receptor agonists and imidazole-based H3-receptor antagonists can be thermodynamically discriminated. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 151:504-17. [PMID: 17401438 PMCID: PMC2013973 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Studies suggest that measurement of thermodynamic parameters can allow discrimination of agonists and antagonists. Here we investigate whether agonists and antagonists can be thermodynamically discriminated at histamine H(3) receptors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The pK(L) of the antagonist radioligand, [(3)H]-clobenpropit, in guinea-pig cortex membranes was estimated at 4, 12, 21 and 30 degrees C in 20 mM HEPES-NaOH buffer (buffer A), or buffer A containing 300 mM CaCl(2), (buffer A(Ca)). pK(I)' values for ligands with varying intrinsic activity were determined in buffer A and A(Ca) at 4, 12, 21 and 30 degrees C. KEY RESULTS In buffer A, the pK(L) of [(3)H]-clobenpropit increased with decreasing temperature while it did not change in buffer A(Ca). The Bmax was not affected by temperature or buffer and n (H) values were not different from unity. In buffer A, pK(I)' values for agonists remained unchanged or decreased with decreasing temperature, while antagonist pK(I) values increased with decreasing temperature; agonist binding was entropy-driven while antagonist binding was enthalpy and entropy-driven. In buffer A(Ca), temperature had no effect on antagonist and agonist pK(I) values; both agonist and antagonist binding were enthalpy and entropy-driven. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The binding of H(3)-receptor agonists and antagonists can be thermodynamically discriminated under conditions where agonist pK(I)' values are over-estimated (pK(I)' not = pK(app)). However, under conditions when agonist pK(I) approximately pK(app), the thermodynamics underlying the binding of agonists are not different to those of antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Harper
- James Black Foundation, Dulwich, London, UK.
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13
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Amon M, Ligneau X, Camelin JC, Berrebi-Bertrand I, Schwartz JC, Stark H. Highly Potent Fluorescence-Tagged Nonimidazole Histamine H3 Receptor Ligands. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:708-16. [PMID: 17361979 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Different (3-phenoxypropyl)piperidine derivatives have been coupled to fluorescent moieties (5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl, carbazol-9-ylcarbonyl, 2-cyanoisoindol-1-yl, 2-cyanobenzo[f]isoindol-1-yl, 2,4-dinitrobenzen-1-yl, 2,4-diaminophenyl, 7-nitrobenzofurazan-4-yl, 7-aminosulfonylbenzofurazan-4-yl, 4-methylcoumarin-6-yl) as novel histamine H(3) receptor ligands. They have been synthesised starting from piperidine in a few steps. The compounds display good to excellent histamine hH(3) receptor affinities with K(i) values ranging from 13.4 to 0.048 nM. Some of the new compounds belong to the most potent ligands known so far and may act as tools for identification and understanding of the binding site on the histamine H(3) receptor. In vivo screening on selected derivatives of Sanger's reagent showed antagonist potencies with ED(50) values from 7.9 to 0.39 mg kg(-1), p.o.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Amon
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, ZAFES/CMP, Biozentrum, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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14
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Peschke B, Bak S, Hohlweg R, Nielsen R, Viuff D, Rimvall K. Benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamides and benzo[b]furan-2-carboxamides are potent antagonists of the human H3-receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3162-5. [PMID: 16616493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Revised: 03/15/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamides and benzo[b]furan-2-carboxamides have been found to be antagonists on the human histamine-3-receptor, showing a Ki value of as low as 4 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Peschke
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark.
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15
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Rivara M, Zuliani V, Cocconcelli G, Morini G, Comini M, Rivara S, Mor M, Bordi F, Barocelli E, Ballabeni V, Bertoni S, Plazzi PV. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new non-imidazole H3-receptor antagonists of the 2-aminobenzimidazole series. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:1413-24. [PMID: 16263297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Revised: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of non-imidazole H(3)-receptor antagonists was developed, by chemical modification of a potent lead H(3)-antagonist composed by an imidazole ring connected through an alkyl spacer to a 2-aminobenzimidazole moiety (e.g., 2-[[3-[4(5)-imidazolyl]propyl]amino]benzimidazole), previously reported by our research group. We investigated whether the removal of the imidazole ring could allow retaining high affinity for the H(3)-receptor, thanks to the interactions undertaken by the 2-aminobenzimidazole moiety at the binding site. The imidazole ring of the lead was replaced by a basic piperidine or by a lipophilic p-chlorophenoxy substituent, modulating the spacer length from three to eight methylene groups; moreover, the substituents were moved to the 5(6) position of the benzimidazole nucleus. Within both the 2-alkylaminobenzimidazole series and the 5(6)-alkoxy-2-aminobenzimidazole one, the greatest H(3)-receptor affinity was obtained for the piperidine-substituted compounds, while the presence of the p-chlorophenoxy group resulted in a drop in affinity. The optimal chain length was different in the two series. Even if the new compounds did not reach the high receptor affinity shown by the imidazole-containing lead compound, it was possible to get good H(3)-antagonist potencies with 2-aminobenzimidazoles having a tertiary amino group at appropriate distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Rivara
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Italy
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16
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Letavic MA, Barbier AJ, Dvorak CA, Carruthers NI. Recent medicinal chemistry of the histamine H3 receptor. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2006; 44:181-206. [PMID: 16697898 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(05)44405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Letavic
- Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development LLC, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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17
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Lorenzi S, Mor M, Bordi F, Rivara S, Rivara M, Morini G, Bertoni S, Ballabeni V, Barocelli E, Plazzi PV. Validation of a histamine H3 receptor model through structure-activity relationships for classical H3 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:5647-57. [PMID: 16085419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Histamine H(3) receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor whose activation inhibits the synthesis and release of histamine and other neurotransmitters from nerve endings and is involved in the modulation of different central nervous system functions. H(3) antagonists have been proposed for their potential usefulness in diseases characterized by impaired neurotransmission and they have demonstrated beneficial effects on learning and food intake in animal models. In the present work, a 3D model of the rat histamine H(3) receptor, built by comparative modeling from the crystallographic coordinates of bovine rhodopsin, is presented with the discussion of its ability to predict the potency of known and new H(3) antagonists. A putative binding site for classical, imidazole-derived H(3) antagonists was identified by molecular docking. Comparison with a known pharmacophore model and the binding affinity of a new rigid H(3) antagonist (compound 1, pK(i)=8.02) allowed the characterization of a binding scheme which could also account for the different affinities observed in a recently reported series of potent H(3) antagonists, characterized by a 2-aminobenzimidazole moiety. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to assess the stability and reliability of the proposed binding mode. Two new conformationally constrained benzimidazole derivatives were prepared and their binding affinity was tested on rat brain membranes; compound 9, designed to reproduce the conformation of a known potent H(3) antagonist, showed higher potency than compound 8, as expected from the binding scheme hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lorenzi
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43100 Parma, Italy
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18
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Abstract
Mast cell has a long history of being recognized as an important mediator-secreting cell in allergic diseases, and has been discovered to be involved in IBD in last two decades. Histamine is a major mediator in allergic diseases, and has multiple effects that are mediated by specific surface receptors on target cells. Four types of histamine receptors have now been recognized pharmacologically and the first three are located in the gut. The ability of histamine receptor antagonists to inhibit mast cell degranulation suggests that they might be developed as a group of mast cell stabilizers. Recently, a series of experiments with dispersed colon mast cells suggested that there should be at least two pathways in man for mast cells to amplify their own activation-degranulation signals in an autocrine or paracrine manner. In a word, histamine is an important mediator in allergic diseases and IBD, its antagonists may be developed as a group of mast cell stabilizers to treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xie
- Allergy and Inflammation Research Institute, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin-Ling Road, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China
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19
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Abstract
Computer-aided drug design tools can generate many useful and powerful models that explain structure-activity relationship (SAR) observations in a quantitative manner. These models can use many different descriptors, functional forms, and methods from simple linear equations through to multilayer neural nets. Using a model, a medicinal chemist can compute an activity, given a structure, but it is much harder to work out what changes are needed to make a structure more active. The impact of a model on the design process would be greatly enhanced if the model were more interpretable to the bench chemist. This paper describes a new protocol for performing automated iterative quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies and presents the results of experiments on two QSAR sets from the literature. The fundamental goal of this work is to try to assist the chemist in his search for what to make next.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Lewis
- Computer-Aided Drug Design, Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, United Kingdom.
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21
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Dvorak CA, Apodaca R, Barbier AJ, Berridge CW, Wilson SJ, Boggs JD, Xiao W, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. 4-Phenoxypiperidines: Potent, Conformationally Restricted, Non-Imidazole Histamine H3Antagonists. J Med Chem 2005; 48:2229-38. [PMID: 15771465 DOI: 10.1021/jm049212n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two new series of 4-(1-alkyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-benzonitriles and 4-(1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-benzylamines have been prepared. In vitro activity was determined at the recombinant human H(3) receptor and several members of these new series were found to be potent H(3) antagonists. The present compounds contain a 4-phenoxypiperidine core, which behaves as a conformationally restricted version of the 3-amino-1-propanol moiety common to the many previously described non-imidazole histamine H(3) ligands. One selected member of the new series, 4-[4-(1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-benzyl]-morpholine (13g), was found to be a potent, highly selective H(3) receptor antagonist with in vivo efficacy in a rat EEG model of wakefulness at doses as low as 1 mg/kg sc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt A Dvorak
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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22
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Walczyński K, Zuiderveld OP, Timmerman H. Non-imidazole histamine H3 ligands. Part III. New 4-n-propylpiperazines as non-imidazole histamine H3-antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 40:15-23. [PMID: 15642406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2004] [Revised: 09/01/2004] [Accepted: 09/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In search for a new lead of non-imidazole histamine H3-receptor antagonists, a series of 1[(2-thiazolopyridine)-4-n-propyl]piperazines, the analogous 1-[(2-oxazolopyridine)-4-npropyl]piperazines, 1-[(2-benzothiazole)-4-n-propyl]piperazine and 1-[(2-benzooxazole)4-n-propyl]piperazine were prepared and in vitro tested as H3-receptor antagonists (the electrically evoked contraction of the guinea-pig jejunum). It appeared that by comparison of homologous pairs the thiazolo derivatives have slightly higher activity than their oxazolo analogues. The most potent compound of these series is the 1-(2-thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridine)-4-n-propylpiperazine (3c) with pA2 = 7.25 (its oxazole analogue (4g) showed pA2 = 6.9). The structure-activity relationships for compounds with various positions of the nitrogen in the benzene ring for the thiazoles compared with oxazoles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Walczyński
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University Muszyńskiego, Muszyńskiego Street 1, 90-145 Łódź, Poland.
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Esbenshade TA, Fox GB, Krueger KM, Miller TR, Kang CH, Denny LI, Witte DG, Yao BB, Pan L, Wetter J, Marsh K, Bennani YL, Cowart MD, Sullivan JP, Hancock AA. Pharmacological properties of ABT-239 [4-(2-{2-[(2R)-2-Methylpyrrolidinyl]ethyl}-benzofuran-5-yl)benzonitrile]: I. Potent and selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist with drug-like properties. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 313:165-75. [PMID: 15608078 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.078303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine H3 receptor antagonists are being developed to treat a variety of neurological and cognitive disorders that may be ameliorated by enhancement of central neurotransmitter release. Here, we present the in vitro pharmacological and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles for the nonimidazole, benzofuran ligand ABT-239 [4-(2-{2-[(2R)-2-methylpyrrolidinyl]ethyl}-benzofuran-5-yl)benzonitrile] and compare it with several previously described imidazole and nonimidazole H3 receptor antagonists. ABT-239 binds to recombinant human and rat H3 receptors with high affinity, with pK(i) values of 9.4 and 8.9, respectively, and is over 1000-fold selective versus human H1, H2, and H4 histamine receptors. ABT-239 is a potent H3 receptor antagonist at recombinant human and rat receptors, reversing agonist-induced changes in cAMP formation (pK(b) = 7.9 and 7.6, respectively), guanosine 5'-O-(3-[35S]thio) triphosphate ([35S]GTPgammaS) binding (pK(b) = 9.0 and 8.3, respectively), and calcium mobilization (human pK(b) = 7.9). ABT-239 also competitively reversed histamine-mediated inhibition of [3H]histamine release from rat brain cortical synaptosomes (pK(b) = 7.7) and agonist-induced inhibition of contractile responses in electric field stimulated guinea pig ileal segments (pA2 = 8.7). Additionally, ABT-239 is a potent inverse agonist, inhibiting constitutive [35S]GTPgammaS binding at both rat and human H3 receptors with respective pEC50 values of 8.9 and 8.2. ABT-239 demonstrates good pharmacokinetic characteristics in rat, dog, and monkey with t1/2 values ranging from 4 to 29 h, corresponding with clearance values and metabolic turnover in liver microsomes from these species, and good oral bioavailability ranging from 52 to 89%. Thus, ABT-239 is a selective, nonimidazole H3 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist with similar high potency in both human and rat and favorable drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Esbenshade
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, R4MN, AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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Zaragoza F, Stephensen H, Peschke B, Rimvall K. 2-(4-Alkylpiperazin-1-yl)quinolines as a New Class of Imidazole-Free Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2004; 48:306-11. [PMID: 15634025 DOI: 10.1021/jm040873u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of identifying structurally novel, centrally acting histamine H(3) antagonists, a series of 2-(4-alkylpiperazin-1-yl)quinolines was prepared. Systematic variation of the substituents led to highly potent histamine H(3) antagonists with low polar surface area and appropriate log P for blood-brain barrier penetration.
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Vacondio F, Mor M, Silva C, Zuliani V, Rivara M, Rivara S, Bordi F, Plazzi PV, Magnanini F, Bertoni S, Ballabeni V, Barocelli E, Carrupt PA, Testa B. Imidazole H3-antagonists: relationship between structure and ex vivo binding to rat brain H3-receptors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2004; 23:89-98. [PMID: 15324926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2004.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Revised: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 06/07/2004] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
H3-antagonists possess promising pharmacological effects on awakening, learning and memory, but few data on their access to the central nervous system (CNS) have been reported so far. The purpose of this work was to investigate the relationships between structure and brain penetration of a series of H3-antagonists, using ex vivo binding experiments in rats. H3-antagonists belonging to different chemical classes but all having an imidazole ring, an alkyl spacer, a polar fragment and a lipophilic ending group, were selected among the numerous H3-antagonists recently described by us. Ex vivo binding studies were performed by inhibiting specific [3H]-(R)-alpha-methylhistamine ([3H]-RAMHA) binding to rat cerebral cortical membranes following H3-antagonist peripheral administration. Ionization constants and partition coefficients in n-octanol/water and 1,2-dichloroethane/water were determined by the potentiometric pH-metric method and were compared to the ex vivo binding potencies to analyse structure-property relationships (SPR). In the ex vivo assay, the H3-antagonists showed different potencies (pED50) not correlated to their in vitro H3-receptor binding affinities (pKi). Compound 4a, having a benzothiazol-2-yl-thioethyl chain, showed high ex vivo potency (ED50=1.35 mg kg(-1) i.p.) and a fast brain penetration, eliciting maximal displacement of [3H]-RAMHA already 5 min after i.v. or i.p. administration. Ex vivo binding assays of three compounds, following i.v. and i.p. administration, showed that the observed i.p. ex vivo potencies were not significantly affected by biotransformation. Within the set of compounds, those having a better ability to reach the CNS had a logDoct(7.4) in the range 2-3.5, and a DeltalogPoct-dce < 2. The combined use of two easily measurable physicochemical descriptors, namely logDoct(7.4) (apparent lipophilicity at pH 7.4) and DeltalogPoct-dce (a descriptor of H-bond donor capacity) allowed to model brain permeation of the majority of the compounds examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vacondio
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, I-43100 Parma, Italy.
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Mikó T, Ligneau X, Pertz HH, Arrang JM, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H. Structural variations of 1-(4-(phenoxymethyl)benzyl)piperidines as nonimidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:2727-36. [PMID: 15110854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2003] [Accepted: 03/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent bioisoteric replacements in histamine H3 receptor ligands with an exchange of the imidazole moiety by a piperidino group as well as of the trimethylene chain in 4-((3-phenoxy)propyl)-lH-imidazole derivatives (proxifan class) by an alpha,alpha'-xylendiyl linker represents the starting point in the development of 1-(4-(phenoxymethyl)benzyl)piperidines as a new class of nonimidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonists. According to different strategies in optimization of imidazole-containing antagonists the central benzyl phenyl ether moiety was replaced by numerous other polar functionalities. Additionally, the ortho- and meta-analogues of the lead were synthesized to determine the influence of the position of the piperidinomethyl substituent. The new compounds were tested in an in vitro binding assay for their affinities for cloned human H3 receptors stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells and for their oral in vivo potencies brain in a functional screening assay in the brain of mice. Additionally, activities of selected compounds were determined in the guinea-pig ileum functional test model. In contrast to the analogues ortho-substituted compounds all other compounds maintained respectable affinities for the human H3 receptor (-log Ki values 6.3-7.5). Despite the results from other classes of compounds the 4-methyl substituted derivatives generally displayed higher affinities than the corresponding 4-chloro substituted compounds. In vivo only the inverse phenyl benzyl ether (3) showed worthwhile antagonist potencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Mikó
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Zaragoza F, Stephensen H, Knudsen SM, Pridal L, Wulff BS, Rimvall K. 1-Alkyl-4-acylpiperazines as a New Class of Imidazole-Free Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2004; 47:2833-8. [PMID: 15139761 DOI: 10.1021/jm031028z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of identifying structurally novel, centrally acting histamine H(3) antagonists, arrays of monoacyldiamines were screened. This led to the discovery of a series of 1-alkyl-4-acylpiperazines which were potent antagonists at the human histamine H(3) receptor. The most potent amides had antagonist potencies in the subnanomolar range.
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Recent Progress in Histamine H3 Receptor Chemistry. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(04)39005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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