1
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Di Biase C, Leitzbach L, Frank A, Zivkovic A, Stark H. Aromatic linker variations in novel dopamine D 2 and D 3 receptor ligands. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400071. [PMID: 38736025 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine D2-like receptors, especially D2 and D3 receptor subtypes, are important targets of antipsychotic agents. Many of these antipsychotics share an aliphatic linker element between a protonable amine group and an acyl-like moiety. Here, we have modified this aliphatic linker into phenylmethyl and phenylethyl linkers substituted in different positions. The design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of 18 dopamine D2 and D3 receptor ligands were performed in this study. Using a radioligand displacement assay, all ligands were found to have modest nanomolar affinity to D2R and D3R. N-(4-{2-[4-(2-Methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}phenyl)acetamide (6c) demonstrates the highest D3R and D2R affinity values (pKi values of 7.83 [D2R] and 8.04 [D3R]), featuring a slight preference to D3R. This derivative can be taken as a reference structure for the development of a new class of D2R and D3R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Di Biase
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Luisa Leitzbach
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Frank
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Zivkovic
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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2
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Zhang K, Tran C, Alami M, Hamze A, Provot O. Synthesis and Biological Activities of Pyrazino[1,2- a]indole and Pyrazino[1,2- a]indol-1-one Derivatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080779. [PMID: 34451876 PMCID: PMC8399128 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This review concerns the synthesis and biological activities of pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles and pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-1-ones reported since 1997 and the discovery of biological activity of pyrazinoindole derivatives. In the first part, we first presented the synthetic routes that have been reported from a methodological point of view to access the pyrazinoindole unit according to cyclization reactions using or not using metal catalysts. Then, syntheses and neuropsychiatric, auto-immune, anti-infectious and anti-cancer properties of pyrazinoindoles were detailed. In the second part, we first reported the main accesses to pyrazinoindol-1-one substrates according to Michael reactions, metal-catalyzed and metal-free cyclization reactions. The syntheses and anti-cancer, anti-infectious, anti-allergenic and neuropsychiatric properties of pyrazinoindolones were next described and discussed.
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3
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Mo Q, Sun N, Jin L, Hu B, Shen Z, Hu X. Tandem Synthesis of 2-Carboxybenzofurans via Sequential Cu-Catalyzed C-O Coupling and Mo(CO) 6-Mediated Carbonylation Reactions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11490-11500. [PMID: 32786630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A modular tandem synthesis of 2-carboxybenzofurans from 2-gem-dibromovinylphenols has been established based on a sequence of Cu-catalyzed intramolecular C-O coupling and Mo(CO)6-mediated intermolecular carbonylation reactions. This protocol allowed one-step access to a broad variety of functionalized benzofuran-2-carboxylic acids, esters, and amides in good to excellent yields under Pd- and CO gas-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinliang Mo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China
| | - Nan Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China
| | - Baoxiang Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlu Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China
| | - Xinquan Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China
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4
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Liu J, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Wen X, Dou X, Wei J, Qiu X, Song S, Jiao N. Nitromethane as a nitrogen donor in Schmidt-type formation of amides and nitriles. Science 2019; 367:281-285. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aay9501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Schmidt reaction has been an efficient and widely used synthetic approach to amides and nitriles since its discovery in 1923. However, its application often entails the use of volatile, potentially explosive, and highly toxic azide reagents. Here, we report a sequence whereby triflic anhydride and formic and acetic acids activate the bulk chemical nitromethane to serve as a nitrogen donor in place of azides in Schmidt-like reactions. This protocol further expands the substrate scope to alkynes and simple alkyl benzenes for the preparation of amides and nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ziyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaojin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaodong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Song Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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5
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Grillo A, Chemi G, Brogi S, Brindisi M, Relitti N, Fezza F, Fazio D, Castelletti L, Perdona E, Wong A, Lamponi S, Pecorelli A, Benedusi M, Fantacci M, Valoti M, Valacchi G, Micheli F, Novellino E, Campiani G, Butini S, Maccarrone M, Gemma S. Development of novel multipotent compounds modulating endocannabinoid and dopaminergic systems. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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6
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Mu QC, Nie YX, Bai XF, Chen J, Yang L, Xu Z, Li L, Xia CG, Xu LW. Tertiary amine-directed and involved carbonylative cyclizations through Pd/Cu-cocatalyzed multiple C-X (X = H or N) bond cleavage. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9292-9301. [PMID: 32055315 PMCID: PMC7003976 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03081f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel Pd/Cu-cocatalyzed carbonylative cyclization by C-H activation and N-dealkylative C-N bond activation has been developed for the chemoselective construction of synthetically useful heterocycles. The N,N-dimethylamine group on o-indolyl-N,N-dimethylarylamines was found to act as both the directing group and reactive component in this C-H carbonylative cyclization reaction. Furthermore, a unique C-H oxidation/carbonylative lactonization of diarylmethylamines is firstly demonstrated under modified reaction conditions, which could be easily applicable to the one-step synthesis of multi-substituted phthalides bearing an N,O-ketal skeleton that is difficult to access by previously reported methods. Mechanistic studies implicate that Pd/Cu-cocatalyzed C-H oxidation/carbonylative lactonization is a sequential reaction system via Cu-catalyzed C(sp3)-H oxidation and Pd-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of the C(sp2)-H bond. It was found that trace amounts of water are essential to promote the Cu-catalyzed C(sp3)-H oxidation of diarylmethylamine for the formation of the hydroxyl group, which could act as an in situ-formed directing group in the intramolecular carbonylative lactonization step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Chao Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation , Suzhou Research Institute (SRI) , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) , University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China . ;
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education , Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China .
| | - Yi-Xue Nie
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education , Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China .
| | - Xing-Feng Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation , Suzhou Research Institute (SRI) , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) , University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China . ;
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education , Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China .
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation , Suzhou Research Institute (SRI) , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) , University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation , Suzhou Research Institute (SRI) , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) , University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China . ;
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education , Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China .
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education , Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China .
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education , Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China .
| | - Chun-Gu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation , Suzhou Research Institute (SRI) , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) , University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation , Suzhou Research Institute (SRI) , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) , University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China . ;
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education , Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China .
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7
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Cao Y, Sun N, Zhang J, Liu Z, Tang YZ, Wu Z, Kim KM, Cheon SH. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of bitopic arylpiperazine-phthalimides as selective dopamine D 3 receptor agonists. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1457-1465. [PMID: 30288220 PMCID: PMC6148523 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is a proven therapeutic target for the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular, D3R-selective ligands that can eliminate side effects associated with dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) therapeutics have been validated. However, the high homology in signaling pathways and the sequence similarity between D2R and D3R have rendered the development of D3R-selective ligands challenging. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of piperazine-phthalimide bitopic ligands based on a fragment-based and molecular docking inspired design. Compound 9i was identified as the most selective D3R ligand among these bitopic ligands. Its selectivity was improved compared to reference compounds 1 and 2 by 9- and 2-fold, respectively, and it was 21-fold more potent than compound 2. Molecular docking demonstrated that the orientation of Leu2.64 and Phe7.39 and the packing at the junction of helices may affect the specificity for D3R over D2R. Functional evaluation revealed that D3R-selective ligand 9i displayed a subpicomolar agonist activity at D3R with a 199-fold increase in potency compared to quinpirole. These results may be useful for the fragment-based design of bitopic compounds as selective D3R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkai Cao
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 500-757 , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Fax: +82 625302911 ; Tel: +82 625302936 ; Tel: +82 625302929
- The Fist Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518035 , China
| | - Ningning Sun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 500-757 , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Fax: +82 625302911 ; Tel: +82 625302936 ; Tel: +82 625302929
| | - Jiumei Zhang
- The Fist Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518035 , China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research at School of Pharmaceutical sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 75525622938
| | - Yi-Zhe Tang
- The Fist Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518035 , China
| | - Zhengzhi Wu
- The Fist Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518035 , China
| | - Kyeong-Man Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 500-757 , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Fax: +82 625302911 ; Tel: +82 625302936 ; Tel: +82 625302929
| | - Seung Hoon Cheon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 500-757 , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Fax: +82 625302911 ; Tel: +82 625302936 ; Tel: +82 625302929
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8
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Furlotti G, Alisi MA, Cazzolla N, Ceccacci F, Garrone B, Gasperi T, La Bella A, Leonelli F, Loreto MA, Magarò G, Mangano G, Bettolo RM, Masini E, Miceli M, Migneco LM, Vitiello M. Targeting Serotonin 2A and Adrenergic α 1 Receptors for Ocular Antihypertensive Agents: Discovery of 3,4-Dihydropyrazino[1,2-b]indazol-1(2H)-one Derivatives. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1597-1607. [PMID: 29873449 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma affects millions of people worldwide and causes optic nerve damage and blindness. The elevation of the intraocular pressure (IOP) is the main risk factor associated with this pathology, and decreasing IOP is the key therapeutic target of current pharmacological treatments. As potential ocular hypotensive agents, we studied compounds that act on two receptors (serotonin 2A and adrenergic α1 ) linked to the regulation of aqueous humour dynamics. Herein we describe the design, synthesis, and pharmacological profiling of a series of novel bicyclic and tricyclic N2-alkyl-indazole-amide derivatives. This study identified a 3,4-dihydropyrazino[1,2-b]indazol-1(2H)-one derivative with potent serotonin 2A receptor antagonism, >100-fold selectivity over other serotonin subtype receptors, and high affinity for the α1 receptor. Moreover, upon local administration, this compound showed superior ocular hypotensive action in vivo relative to the clinically used reference compound timolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Furlotti
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development), Angelini S.p.A., Piazzale della stazione snc, 00071, S. Palomba-Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Maria Alessandra Alisi
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development), Angelini S.p.A., Piazzale della stazione snc, 00071, S. Palomba-Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Nicola Cazzolla
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development), Angelini S.p.A., Piazzale della stazione snc, 00071, S. Palomba-Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Francesca Ceccacci
- Chemistry Department "S. Cannizzaro", University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Current affiliation: Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche-CNR, Unità Organizzativa di Supporto, Sede di Roma, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy)
| | - Beatrice Garrone
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development), Angelini S.p.A., Piazzale della stazione snc, 00071, S. Palomba-Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Tecla Gasperi
- Department of Science, Section of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Roma Tre, via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela La Bella
- Chemistry Department "S. Cannizzaro", University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Leonelli
- Chemistry Department "S. Cannizzaro", University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Loreto
- Chemistry Department "S. Cannizzaro", University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Magarò
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development), Angelini S.p.A., Piazzale della stazione snc, 00071, S. Palomba-Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Giorgina Mangano
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development), Angelini S.p.A., Piazzale della stazione snc, 00071, S. Palomba-Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Rinaldo Marini Bettolo
- Chemistry Department "S. Cannizzaro", University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Masini
- Departments of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Miceli
- Department of Science, Section of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Roma Tre, via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Maria Migneco
- Chemistry Department "S. Cannizzaro", University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Vitiello
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development), Angelini S.p.A., Piazzale della stazione snc, 00071, S. Palomba-Pomezia (Rome), Italy
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9
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Design, Synthesis, and Reactivity of Multidentate Ligands with Rhenium(I) and Rhenium(V) Cores. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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10
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Eychenne R, Guizani S, Wang J, Picard C, Malek N, Fabre P, Wolff M, Machura B, Saffon N, Lepareur N, Benoist E. Rhenium Complexes Based on an N
2
O Tridentate Click Scaffold: From Synthesis, Structural and Theoretical Characterization to a Radiolabelling Study. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Eychenne
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico‐Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique SPCMIB UMR 5068 118, route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
- Université de Toulouse UPS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico‐Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique SPCMIB UMR 5068 118, route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Sihem Guizani
- Radiopharmaceutical Unit Centre National des Sciences et Technologies Nucléaires 2020 Sidi Thabet Tunisia
| | - Jin‐Hui Wang
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico‐Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique SPCMIB UMR 5068 118, route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
- Université de Toulouse UPS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico‐Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique SPCMIB UMR 5068 118, route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Claude Picard
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico‐Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique SPCMIB UMR 5068 118, route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
- Université de Toulouse UPS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico‐Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique SPCMIB UMR 5068 118, route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Nadia Malek
- Radiopharmaceutical Unit Centre National des Sciences et Technologies Nucléaires 2020 Sidi Thabet Tunisia
| | - Paul‐Louis Fabre
- Université de Toulouse III UPS PHARMA‐DEV UMR 152 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 9 Toulouse Cedex France
- IRD PHARMA‐DEV UMR 152 9 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Mariusz Wolff
- Université catholique de Louvain Institut de la matière condensée et des nanosciences Place Louis Pasteur 1 1348 Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
- University of Silesia Department of Crystallography Institute of Chemistry 40‐006 Katowice Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- University of Silesia Department of Crystallography Institute of Chemistry 40‐006 Katowice Poland
| | - Nathalie Saffon
- Université de Toulouse UPS and CNRS Institut de Chimie de Toulouse FR2599 118, route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Nicolas Lepareur
- Centre Eugène Marquis Nuclear Medicine Department Avenue de la Bataille Flandres‐Dunkerque, CS 44229 35042 Rennes France
- INSERM Foie Métabolismes et Cancer, UMR‐S 991 35033 Rennes France
| | - Eric Benoist
- Université de Toulouse UPS, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico‐Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique SPCMIB UMR 5068 118, route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
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11
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Chen XW, Sun YY, Fu L, Li JQ. Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of novel N -( trans -4-(2-(4-(benzo[ d ]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)amides as potential multireceptor atypical antipsychotics. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:332-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Maramai S, Gemma S, Brogi S, Campiani G, Butini S, Stark H, Brindisi M. Dopamine D3 Receptor Antagonists as Potential Therapeutics for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:451. [PMID: 27761108 PMCID: PMC5050208 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
D3 receptors represent a major focus of current drug design and development of therapeutics for dopamine-related pathological states. Their close homology with the D2 receptor subtype makes the development of D3 selective antagonists a challenging task. In this review, we explore the relevance and therapeutic utility of D3 antagonists or partial agonists endowed with multireceptor affinity profile in the field of central nervous system disorders such as schizophrenia and drug abuse. In fact, the peculiar distribution and low brain abundance of D3 receptors make them a valuable target for the development of drugs devoid of motor side effects classically elicited by D2 antagonists. Recent research efforts were devoted to the conception of chemical templates possibly endowed with a multi-target profile, especially with regards to other G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). A comprehensive overview of the recent literature in the field is herein provided. In particular, the evolution of the chemical templates has been tracked, according to the growing advancements in both the structural information and the refinement of the key pharmacophoric elements. The receptor/multireceptor affinity and functional profiles for the examined compounds have been covered, together with their most significant pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Maramai
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Holger Stark
- Institut fuer Pharmazeutische and Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena Siena, Italy
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13
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Butini S, Nikolic K, Kassel S, Brückmann H, Filipic S, Agbaba D, Gemma S, Brogi S, Brindisi M, Campiani G, Stark H. Polypharmacology of dopamine receptor ligands. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 142:68-103. [PMID: 27234980 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Most neurological diseases have a multifactorial nature and the number of molecular mechanisms discovered as underpinning these diseases is continuously evolving. The old concept of developing selective agents for a single target does not fit with the medical need of most neurological diseases. The development of designed multiple ligands holds great promises and appears as the next step in drug development for the treatment of these multifactorial diseases. Dopamine and its five receptor subtypes are intimately involved in numerous neurological disorders. Dopamine receptor ligands display a high degree of cross interactions with many other targets including G-protein coupled receptors, transporters, enzymes and ion channels. For brain disorders like Parkinsońs disease, schizophrenia and depression the dopaminergic system, being intertwined with many other signaling systems, plays a key role in pathogenesis and therapy. The concept of designed multiple ligands and polypharmacology, which perfectly meets the therapeutic needs for these brain disorders, is herein discussed as a general ligand-based concept while focusing on dopaminergic agents and receptor subtypes in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - K Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Kassel
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - H Brückmann
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - S Filipic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Agbaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - S Brogi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M Brindisi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - G Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - H Stark
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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14
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Zou MF, Keck TM, Kumar V, Donthamsetti P, Michino M, Burzynski C, Schweppe C, Bonifazi A, Free RB, Sibley DR, Janowsky A, Shi L, Javitch JA, Newman AH. Novel Analogues of (R)-5-(Methylamino)-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[4,5,1-ij]quinolin-2(1H)-one (Sumanirole) Provide Clues to Dopamine D2/D3 Receptor Agonist Selectivity. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2973-88. [PMID: 27035329 PMCID: PMC4915350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Novel 1-, 5-, and 8-substituted analogues of sumanirole (1), a dopamine D2/D3 receptor (D2R/D3R) agonist, were synthesized. Binding affinities at both D2R and D3R were higher when determined in competition with the agonist radioligand [(3)H]7-hydroxy-N,N-dipropyl-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) than with the antagonist radioligand [(3)H]N-methylspiperone. Although 1 was confirmed as a D2R-preferential agonist, its selectivity in binding and functional studies was lower than previously reported. All analogues were determined to be D2R/D3R agonists in both GoBRET and mitogenesis functional assays. Loss of efficacy was detected for the N-1-substituted analogues at D3R. In contrast, the N-5-alkyl-substituted analogues, and notably the n-butyl-arylamides (22b and 22c), all showed improved affinity at D2R over 1 with neither a loss of efficacy nor an increase in selectivity. Computational modeling provided a structural basis for the D2R selectivity of 1, illustrating how subtle differences in the highly homologous orthosteric binding site (OBS) differentially affect D2R/D3R affinity and functional efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, New York 10027, United States.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, New York 10032, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4S-04, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9405, United States
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4S-04, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9405, United States
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, New York 10027, United States.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, New York 10032, United States
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15
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Boateng CA, Bakare OM, Zhan J, Banala AK, Burzynski C, Pommier E, Keck TM, Donthamsetti P, Javitch JA, Rais R, Slusher BS, Xi ZX, Newman AH. High Affinity Dopamine D3 Receptor (D3R)-Selective Antagonists Attenuate Heroin Self-Administration in Wild-Type but not D3R Knockout Mice. J Med Chem 2015. [PMID: 26203768 PMCID: PMC4937837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is a promising
target for the development of pharmacotherapeutics to treat substance
use disorders. Several D3R-selective antagonists are effective
in animal models of drug abuse, especially in models of relapse. Nevertheless,
poor bioavailability, metabolic instability, and/or predicted toxicity
have impeded success in translating these drug candidates to clinical
use. Herein, we report a series of D3R-selective 4-phenylpiperazines
with improved metabolic stability. A subset of these compounds was
evaluated for D3R functional efficacy and off-target binding
at selected 5-HT receptor subtypes, where significant overlap in SAR
with D3R has been observed. Several high affinity D3R antagonists, including compounds 16 (Ki = 0.12 nM) and 32 (Ki = 0.35 nM), showed improved metabolic stability
compared to the parent compound, PG648 (6). Notably, 16 and the classic D3R antagonist SB277011A (2) were effective in reducing self-administration of heroin
in wild-type but not D3R knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Comfort A Boateng
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Oluyomi M Bakare
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jia Zhan
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Ashwini K Banala
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Caitlin Burzynski
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Elie Pommier
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- ∥Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- ∥Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- §Department of Neurology, Brain Science Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- §Department of Neurology, Brain Science Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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16
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Brindisi M, Butini S, Franceschini S, Brogi S, Trotta F, Ros S, Cagnotto A, Salmona M, Casagni A, Andreassi M, Saponara S, Gorelli B, Weikop P, Mikkelsen JD, Scheel-Kruger J, Sandager-Nielsen K, Novellino E, Campiani G, Gemma S. Targeting Dopamine D3 and Serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A Receptors for Developing Effective Antipsychotics: Synthesis, Biological Characterization, and Behavioral Studies. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9578-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501119j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alfredo Cagnotto
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Simona Saponara
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Pia Weikop
- Laboratory
of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3 DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens D. Mikkelsen
- Neurobiology
Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameen A. Abu-Hashem
- a Photochemistry Department (Heterocyclic Unit) , National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
- b Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Jazan University , Jazan , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoda A. R. Hussein
- a Photochemistry Department (Heterocyclic Unit) , National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Aly
- a Photochemistry Department (Heterocyclic Unit) , National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
| | - Moustafa A. Gouda
- c Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
- d Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts , Taibah University , Ulla , Saudi Arabia
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18
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Ananthan S, Saini SK, Zhou G, Hobrath JV, Padmalayam I, Zhai L, Bostwick JR, Antonio T, Reith MEA, McDowell S, Cho E, McAleer L, Taylor M, Luedtke RR. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of a series of [4-(4-carboxamidobutyl)]-1-arylpiperazines: insights into structural features contributing to dopamine D3 versus D2 receptor subtype selectivity. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7042-60. [PMID: 25126833 PMCID: PMC4148173 DOI: 10.1021/jm500801r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Antagonist and partial agonist modulators
of the dopamine D3 receptor
(D3R) have emerged as promising therapeutics for the treatment of
substance abuse and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, development
of druglike lead compounds with selectivity for the D3 receptor has
been challenging because of the high sequence homology between the
D3R and the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). In this effort, we synthesized
a series of acylaminobutylpiperazines incorporating aza-aromatic units
and evaluated their binding and functional activities at the D3 and
D2 receptors. Docking studies and results from evaluations against
a set of chimeric and mutant receptors suggest that interactions at
the extracellular end of TM7 contribute to the D3R versus D2R selectivity
of these ligands. Molecular insights from this study could potentially
enable rational design of potent and selective D3R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Ananthan
- Organic Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute , Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
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19
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Chen J, Levant B, Jiang C, Keck TM, Newman AH, Wang S. Tranylcypromine substituted cis-hydroxycyclobutylnaphthamides as potent and selective dopamine D₃ receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4962-8. [PMID: 24848155 PMCID: PMC4216217 DOI: 10.1021/jm401798r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We
report a class of potent and selective dopamine D3 receptor
antagonists based upon tranylcypromine. Although tranylcypromine
has a low affinity for the rat D3 receptor (Ki = 12.8 μM), our efforts have yielded (1R,2S)-11 (CJ-1882), which
has Ki values of 2.7 and 2.8 nM at the
rat and human dopamine D3 receptors, respectively, and
displays respective selectivities of >10000-fold and 223-fold over
the rat and human D2 receptors. Evaluation in a β-arrestin
functional assay showed that (1R,2S)-11 is a potent and competitive antagonist at the human
D3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Chen
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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20
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François A, Auzanneau C, Le Morvan V, Galaup C, Godfrey HS, Marty L, Boulay A, Artigau M, Mestre-Voegtlé B, Leygue N, Picard C, Coulais Y, Robert J, Benoist E. A functionalized heterobimetallic99mTc/Re complex as a potential dual-modality imaging probe: synthesis, photophysical properties, cytotoxicity and cellular imaging investigations. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:439-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51968f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Sukalovic V, Bogdan AE, Tovilovic G, Ignjatovic D, Andric D, Kostic-Rajacic S, Soskic V. N-{[2-(4-Phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-ethyl]-phenyl}-arylamides with Dopamine D2and 5-Hydroxytryptamine 5HT1AActivity: Synthesis, Testing, and Molecular Modeling. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:708-17. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gordana Tovilovic
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute for Biological Research; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Djurdjica Ignjatovic
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute for Biological Research; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Deana Andric
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
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22
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1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, an endogenous amine with unexpected mechanism of action: new vistas of therapeutic application. Neurotox Res 2013; 25:1-12. [PMID: 23719903 PMCID: PMC3889699 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-013-9402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review outlines the effects of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) and its derivative, 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1MeTIQ), endogenous substances imbued with high pharmacological potential and broad spectrum of action in brain. 1MeTIQ has gained special interest as a neuroprotectant, and its ability to antagonize the behavioral syndrome produced by well-known neurotoxins (e.g., MPTP; rotenone). This review is thus focused on mechanisms of action of 1MeTIQ in behavioral, neurochemical, and molecular studies in rodents; also, effects of TIQ and 1MeTIQ on dopamine metabolism; and neuroprotective properties of TIQ and 1MeTIQ in vitro and in vivo. Finally, antiaddictive properties of 1MeTIQ will be described in cocaine self-administered rats. Findings implicate TIQ and especially its methyl derivative 1MeTIQ in unique and complex mechanisms of neuroprotection in various neurodegenerative illnesses of the central nervous system. We believe that MAO inhibition, free radicals scavenging properties, and antagonism to the glutamatergic system may play an essential role in neuroprotection. In addition, the results strongly support the view that 1MeTIQ has a considerable potential as a drug for combating substance abuse, through the attenuation of craving.
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23
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Ye N, Neumeyer JL, Baldessarini RJ, Zhen X, Zhang A. Update 1 of: Recent Progress in Development of Dopamine Receptor Subtype-Selective Agents: Potential Therapeutics for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. Chem Rev 2013; 113:PR123-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - John L. Neumeyer
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory,
McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | | | - Xuechu Zhen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
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24
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Cappelli A, Manini M, Valenti S, Castriconi F, Giuliani G, Anzini M, Brogi S, Butini S, Gemma S, Campiani G, Giorgi G, Mennuni L, Lanza M, Giordani A, Caselli G, Letari O, Makovec F. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies in serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonists based on fused pyrrolidone scaffolds. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Wen D, Zang G, Sun D, Yang S, Yu F, Li S, Ma C, Cong B. Effects of CCK-8 on the reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP and expression of behavioral sensitization in rats. Neuroscience 2013; 238:230-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Coffin PO, Santos GM, Das M, Santos DM, Huffaker S, Matheson T, Gasper J, Vittinghoff E, Colfax GN. Aripiprazole for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Addiction 2013. [PMID: 23186131 PMCID: PMC3602333 DOI: 10.1111/add.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To test aripiprazole for efficacy in decreasing use in methamphetamine-dependent adults, compared to placebo. DESIGN Participants were randomized to receive 12 weeks of aripiprazole or placebo, with a 3-month follow-up and a platform of weekly 30-minute substance abuse counseling. SETTING The trial was conducted from January 2009 to March 2012 at the San Francisco Department of Public Health. PARTICIPANTS Ninety actively using, methamphetamine-dependent, sexually active adults were recruited from community venues. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was regression estimated reductions in weekly methamphetamine-positive urines. Secondary outcomes were study medication adherence [by self-report and medication event monitoring systems (MEMS)], sexual risk behavior and abstinence from methamphetamine. FINDINGS Participant mean age was 38.7 years, 87.8% were male, 50.0% white, 18.9% African American, and 16.7% Latino. Eighty-three per cent of follow-up visits and final visits were completed. By intent-to-treat, participants assigned to aripiprazole had similar reductions in methamphetamine-positive urines as participants assigned to placebo [risk ratio (RR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66-1.19, P = 0.41]. Urine positivity declined from 73% (33 of 45 participants) to 45% (18 of 40) in the placebo arm and from 77% (34 of 44) to 44% (20 of 35) in the aripiprazole arm. Adherence by MEMS and self-report was 42 and 74%, respectively, with no significant difference between arms (MEMS P = 0.31; self-report P = 0.17). Most sexual risk behaviors declined similarly among participants in both arms (all P > 0.05). There were no serious adverse events related to study drug, although participants randomized to aripiprazole reported more akathisia, fatigue and drowsiness (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Compared with placebo, aripiprazole did not reduce methamphetamine use significantly among actively using, dependent adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- PO Coffin
- San Francisco Department of Public Health,University of California, San Francisco
| | - GM Santos
- San Francisco Department of Public Health,University of California, San Francisco
| | - M Das
- San Francisco Department of Public Health,University of California, San Francisco
| | - DM Santos
- San Francisco Department of Public Health
| | - S Huffaker
- San Francisco Department of Public Health
| | - T Matheson
- San Francisco Department of Public Health
| | - J Gasper
- San Francisco Department of Public Health
| | | | - GN Colfax
- San Francisco Department of Public Health,University of California, San Francisco
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27
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Micheli F, Heidbreder C. Dopamine D3 receptor antagonists: a patent review (2007 - 2012). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:363-81. [PMID: 23282131 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.757593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The synthesis and characterization of new highly potent and selective dopamine (DA) D3 receptor antagonists has permitted to characterize the role of the DA D3 receptor in the control of drug-seeking behavior and in the pathophysiology of impulse control disorders and schizophrenia. AREAS COVERED In the present review, the authors will first describe most recent classes of DA D3 receptor antagonists by reviewing about 43 patent applications during the 2007 - 2012 period; they will then outline the biological rationale in support of the use of selective DA D3 receptor antagonists in the treatment of drug addiction, impulse control disorders and schizophrenia. EXPERT OPINION The strongest clinical application and potential for selective DA D3 receptor antagonists lies in the reduction of drug-induced incentive motivation, the attenuation of drug's rewarding efficacy and the reduction in reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior triggered either by re-exposure to the drug itself, re-exposure to environmental cues that had been previously associated with drug-taking behavior or stress. The selectivity of these antagonists together with reduced lipophilicity (minimizing unspecific binding), increased brain penetration and improved physico-chemical profile are all key factors for clinical efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Micheli
- Drug Design & Discovery, Aptuit Verona srl, Via A Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy.
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28
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Heidbreder C. Rationale in support of the use of selective dopamine D₃ receptor antagonists for the pharmacotherapeutic management of substance use disorders. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 386:167-76. [PMID: 23104235 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that dopamine (DA) D(3) receptors are involved in the control of drug-seeking behavior and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders. First, DA D(3) receptors are distributed in strategic areas belonging to the mesolimbic DA system such as the ventral striatum, midbrain, and pallidum, which have been associated with behaviors controlled by the presentation of drug-associated cues. Second, repeated exposure to drugs of abuse has been shown to produce neuroadaptations in the DA D(3) system. Third, the synthesis and characterization of highly potent and selective DA D(3) receptor antagonists has permitted to further define the role of the DA D(3) receptor in drug addiction. Provided that the available preclinical and preliminary clinical evidence can be translated into clinical proof of concept in human, selective DA D(3) receptor antagonists show promise for the treatment of substance use disorders as reflected by their potential to (1) regulate the motivation to self-administered drugs under schedules of reinforcement that require an increase in work demand and (2) disrupt the responsiveness to drug-associated stimuli that play a key role in the reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior triggered by re-exposure to the drug itself, re-exposure to environmental cues that had been previously associated with drug-taking behavior, or stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Heidbreder
- Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals-Global Research and Development, 10710 Midlothian Turnpike Suite 430, Richmond, VA 23235, USA.
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Chen J, Levant B, Wang S. High-affinity and selective dopamine D₃ receptor full agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5612-7. [PMID: 22871578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have designed, synthesized and evaluated a series of new compounds with the goal to identify potent and selective D(3) ligands. The two most potent and selective new D(3) ligands are compounds 38 and 52, which bind to the D(3) receptors with a K(i) value of <nM and display a selectivity of 450-494 times over the D(2) receptors and >10,000 times over the D(1) receptors. Both 38 and 52 are full agonists with high potency at the D(3) receptor in a D(3) functional assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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30
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Newman AH, Beuming T, Banala AK, Donthamsetti P, Pongetti K, LaBounty A, Levy B, Cao J, Michino M, Luedtke RR, Javitch JA, Shi L. Molecular determinants of selectivity and efficacy at the dopamine D3 receptor. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6689-99. [PMID: 22632094 DOI: 10.1021/jm300482h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) has been implicated in substance abuse and other neuropsychiatric disorders. The high sequence homology between the D3R and D2R, especially within the orthosteric binding site (OBS) that binds dopamine, has made the development of D3R-selective compounds challenging. Here, we deconstruct into pharmacophoric elements a series of D3R-selective substituted-4-phenylpiperazine compounds and use computational simulations and binding and activation studies to dissect the structural bases for D3R selectivity and efficacy. We find that selectivity arises from divergent interactions within a second binding pocket (SBP) separate from the OBS, whereas efficacy depends on the binding mode in the OBS. Our findings reveal structural features of the receptor that are critical to selectivity and efficacy that can be used to design highly D3R-selective ligands with targeted efficacies. These findings are generalizable to other GPCRs in which the SBP can be targeted by bitopic or allosteric ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
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31
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Marriott KSC, Bartee R, Morrison AZ, Stewart L, Wesby J. Expedited Synthesis of Benzofuran-2-Carboxylic Acids via Microwave-Assisted Perkin Rearrangement Reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2012; 53:3319-3321. [PMID: 22736873 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
3-Halocoumarins are readily converted into benzofuran-2-carboxylic acids via a Perkin (coumarin-benzofuran ring contraction) rearrangement reaction. This rearrangement entails initial base catalyzed ring fission. The resulting phenoxide anion then attacks a vinyl halide to produce the final benzofuran moiety. We explored this reaction under microwave reaction conditions and were able to significantly reduce reaction times as well as obtain very high yields of a series of benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla-Sue C Marriott
- Savannah State University, Department of Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Technology, 3219 College Street, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
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32
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Chen W, Wang M, Li P, Wang L. Highly efficient copper/palladium-catalyzed tandem Ullman reaction/arylation of azoles via C–H activation: synthesis of benzofuranyl and indolyl azoles from 2-(gem-dibromovinyl)phenols(anilines) with azoles. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Fischer C, Koenig B. Palladium- and copper-mediated N-aryl bond formation reactions for the synthesis of biological active compounds. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:59-74. [PMID: 21286396 PMCID: PMC3029007 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Arylated aliphatic and aromatic amines are important substituents in many biologically active compounds. In the last few years, transition-metal-mediated N-aryl bond formation has become a standard procedure for the introduction of amines into aromatic systems. While N-arylation of simple aromatic halides by simple amines works with many of the described methods in high yield, the reactions may require detailed optimization if applied to the synthesis of complex molecules with additional functional groups, such as natural products or drugs. We discuss and compare in this review the three main N-arylation methods in their application to the synthesis of biologically active compounds: Palladium-catalysed Buchwald-Hartwig-type reactions, copper-mediated Ullmann-type and Chan-Lam-type N-arylation reactions. The discussed examples show that palladium-catalysed reactions are favoured for large-scale applications and tolerate sterically demanding substituents on the coupling partners better than Chan-Lam reactions. Chan-Lam N-arylations are particularly mild and do not require additional ligands, which facilitates the work-up. However, reaction times can be very long. Ullmann- and Buchwald-Hartwig-type methods have been used in intramolecular reactions, giving access to complex ring structures. All three N-arylation methods have specific advantages and disadvantages that should be considered when selecting the reaction conditions for a desired C-N bond formation in the course of a total synthesis or drug synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Fischer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Koenig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Qin X, Cong X, Zhao D, You J, Lan J. One-pot synthesis of benzofused heteroaryl azoles via tandem C-heteroatom coupling/C–H activation of azoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:5611-3. [PMID: 21475749 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10572h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Cu(i) or Pd(ii)-catalyzed cross-couplings of gem-dihaloolefins with azoles via tandem C-heteroatom coupling/C–H activation for the preparation of benzofused heteroaryl azoles have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xurong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- West China Medical School
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Xuefeng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- West China Medical School
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- West China Medical School
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- West China Medical School
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Jingbo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- West China Medical School
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
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35
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Seridi A, Wolff M, Boulay A, Saffon N, Coulais Y, Picard C, Machura B, Benoist E. Rhenium(I) and technetium(I) complexes of a novel pyridyltriazole-based ligand containing an arylpiperazine pharmacophore: Synthesis, crystal structures, computational studies and radiochemistry. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Antkiewicz-Michaluk L, Wąsik A, Romańska I, Bojarski A, Michaluk J. Both stereoselective (R)- and (S)-1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline enantiomers protect striatal terminals against rotenone-induced suppression of dopamine release. Neurotox Res 2010; 20:134-49. [PMID: 21069490 PMCID: PMC3110269 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-010-9228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1MeTIQ) is present in the human and rodent brain as a mixture of stereospecific (R)- and (S)-1MeTIQ enantiomers. The racemate, (R,S)-1MeTIQ, exhibits neuroprotective activity as shown in the earlier study by the authors, and In addition, it was suggested to play a crucial physiological role in the mammalian brain as an endogenous regulator of dopaminergic activity. In this article, we investigated the influence of stereospecific enantiomers of 1MeTIQ, (R)- and (S)-1MeTIQ (50 mg/kg i.p.) on rotenone-induced (3 mg/kg s.c.) behavioral and neurochemical changes in the rat. In behavioral study, in order to record dynamic motor function of rats, we measured locomotor activity using automated locomotor activity boxes. In biochemical studies, we analyzed in rat striatum the concentration of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites: intraneuronal DOPAC, extraneuronal 3-MT, and final HVA using HPLC with electrochemical detection. Otherwise, DA release was estimated by in vivo microdialysis study. The behavioral study has demonstrated that both acute and repeated (3 times) rotenone administration unimportantly depressed a basic locomotor activity in rat. (R)- and (S)-1MeTIQ stereoisomers (50 mg/kg i.p.) produced a modest behavioral activation both in naïve and rotenone-treated rats. The data from ex vivo neurochemical experiments have shown stereospecificity of 1MeTIQ enantiomers in respect of their effects on DA catabolism. (R)-1MeTIQ significantly increased both the level of the final DA metabolite, HVA (by about 70%), and the rate of DA metabolism (by 50%). In contrast to that, (S)-1MeTIQ significantly depressed DOPAC, HVA levels (by 60 and 40%, respectively), and attenuated the rate of DA metabolism (by about 60%). On the other hand, both the enantiomers increased the concentrations of DA and its extraneuronal metabolite, 3-MT in rat striatum. In vivo microdialysis study has shown that repeated but not acute administration of rotenone produced a deep and significant functional impairment of striatal DA release. Both (R)- and (S)- stereospecific enantiomers of 1MeTIQ antagonized rotenone-induced suppression of DA release; however, the effect of (R)-1MeTIQ was more strongly expressed in microdialysis study. In conclusion, we suggest that both chiral isomers of 1MeTIQ offer neuroprotection against rotenone-induced disturbances in the function of dopaminergic neurons and (R,S)-1MeTIQ will be useful as a drug with marked neuroprotective activity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Antkiewicz-Michaluk
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
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37
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Important role of 3-methoxytyramine in the inhibition of cocaine sensitization by 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: an in vivo microdialysis study. Pharmacol Rep 2010; 62:983-97. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Synthesis and in vitro binding studies of piperazine-alkyl-naphthamides: Impact of homology and sulphonamide/carboxamide bioisosteric replacement on the affinity for 5-HT1A, α2A, D4.2, D3 and D2L receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5199-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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39
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Butini S, Campiani G, Franceschini S, Trotta F, Kumar V, Guarino E, Borrelli G, Fiorini I, Novellino E, Fattorusso C, Persico M, Orteca N, Sandager-Nielsen K, Jacobsen TA, Madsen K, Scheel-Kruger J, Gemma S. Discovery of bishomo(hetero)arylpiperazines as novel multifunctional ligands targeting dopamine D(3) and serotonin 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4803-7. [PMID: 20481570 DOI: 10.1021/jm100294b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of our efforts to develop innovative ligands for D(3), 5-HT(1A), and 5-HT(2A) receptors with low propensity to block hERG channels, we propose a series bishetero(homo)arylpiperazines 5a-m as novel and potent multifunctional ligands characterized by low occupancy at D(2) and 5-HT(2C) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Butini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Universita di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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40
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Thiel KJ, Wenzel JM, Pentkowski NS, Hobbs RJ, Alleweireldt AT, Neisewander JL. Stimulation of dopamine D2/D3 but not D1 receptors in the central amygdala decreases cocaine-seeking behavior. Behav Brain Res 2010; 214:386-94. [PMID: 20600343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in dopamine output within the various subnuclei of the amygdala have previously been implicated in cocaine reinforcement, as well as cocaine-seeking behavior. To elucidate the potential for increased stimulation of D1- and D2-like receptors (D1Rs and D2Rs, respectively) specifically in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) to modulate cue- and cocaine-elicited reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior, we infused either the D1R agonist, SKF-38393 (0-4.0 microg/side) or the D2R agonist, 7-OH-DPAT (0-4.0 microg/side) into the CeA immediately prior to tests for cue and cocaine-primed reinstatement. We also examined the effects of 7-OH-DPAT on cocaine self-administration as a positive behavioral control. 7-OH-DPAT decreased cue-and cocaine-primed reinstatement, and reduced the number of cocaine infusions obtained during self-administration; SKF-38393 produced no discernable effects. The results suggest that enhanced stimulation of D2Rs, but not D1Rs, in the CeA is sufficient to inhibit expression of the incentive motivational effects of cocaine priming and cocaine-paired cues. Together with previous findings that D1R blockade attenuates reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior, the results suggest that D1R stimulation may be necessary, but not sufficient, to modulate the incentive motivational effects of cues and cocaine priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Thiel
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, United States
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41
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Heidbreder CA, Newman AH. Current perspectives on selective dopamine D(3) receptor antagonists as pharmacotherapeutics for addictions and related disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1187:4-34. [PMID: 20201845 PMCID: PMC3148950 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to drugs of abuse produces long-term molecular and neurochemical changes that may explain the core features of addiction, such as the compulsive seeking and taking of the drug, as well as the risk of relapse. A growing number of new molecular and cellular targets of addictive drugs have been identified, and rapid advances are being made in relating those targets to specific behavioral phenotypes in animal models of addiction. In this context, the pattern of expression of the dopamine (DA) D(3) receptor in the rodent and human brain and changes in this pattern in response to drugs of abuse have contributed primarily to direct research efforts toward the development of selective DA D(3) receptor antagonists. Growing preclinical evidence indicates that these compounds may actually regulate the motivation to self-administer drugs and disrupt drug-associated cue-induced craving. This report will be divided into three parts. First, preclinical evidence in support of the efficacy of selective DA D(3) receptor antagonists in animal models of drug addiction will be reviewed. The effects of mixed DA D(2)/D(3) receptor antagonists will not be discussed here because most of these compounds have low selectivity at the D(3) versus D(2) receptor, and their efficacy profile is related primarily to functional antagonism at D(2) receptors and possibly interactions with other neurotransmitter systems. Second, major advances in medicinal chemistry for the identification and optimization of selective DA D(3) receptor antagonists and partial agonists will be analyzed. Third, translational research from preclinical efficacy studies to so-called proof-of-concept studies for drug addiction indications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Heidbreder
- Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals, Global Research & Development, Richmond, Virginia 23235, USA.
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Pentkowski NS, Acosta JI, Browning JR, Hamilton EC, Neisewander JL. Stimulation of 5-HT(1B) receptors enhances cocaine reinforcement yet reduces cocaine-seeking behavior. Addict Biol 2009; 14:419-30. [PMID: 19650818 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Paradoxically, stimulation of 5-HT(1B) receptors (5-HT(1B)Rs) enhances sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of cocaine but attenuates incentive motivation for cocaine as measured using the extinction/reinstatement model. We revisited this issue by examining the effects of a 5-HT(1B)R agonist, CP94253, on cocaine reinforcement and cocaine-primed reinstatement, predicting that CP94253 would enhance cocaine-seeking behavior reinstated by a low priming dose, similar to its effect on cocaine reinforcement. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine (0.75 mg/kg, i.v.) paired with light and tone cues. For reinstatement experiments, they then underwent daily extinction training to reduce cocaine-seeking behavior (operant responses without cocaine reinforcement). Next, they were pre-treated with CP94253 (3-10 mg/kg, s.c.) and either tested for cocaine-primed (10 or 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or cue-elicited reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior. For reinforcement, effects of CP94253 (5.6 mg/kg) across a range of self-administered cocaine doses (0-1.5 mg/kg, i.v.) were examined. Cocaine dose-dependently reinstated cocaine-seeking behavior, but contrary to our prediction, CP94253 reduced reinstatement with both priming doses. Similarly, CP94253 reduced cue-elicited reinstatement. In contrast, CP94253 shifted the self-administration dose-effect curve leftward, consistent with enhanced cocaine reinforcement. When saline was substituted for cocaine, CP94253 reduced response rates (i.e. cocaine-seeking behavior). In subsequent control experiments, CP94253 decreased open-arm exploration in an elevated plus-maze suggesting an anxiogenic effect, but had no effect on locomotion or sucrose reinforcement. These results provide strong evidence that stimulation of 5-HT(1B)Rs produces opposite effects on cocaine reinforcement and cocaine-seeking behavior, and further suggest that 5-HT(1B)Rs may be a novel target for developing medications for cocaine dependence.
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Achat-Mendes C, Platt DM, Newman AH, Spealman RD. The dopamine D3 receptor partial agonist CJB 090 inhibits the discriminative stimulus but not the reinforcing or priming effects of cocaine in squirrel monkeys. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 206:73-84. [PMID: 19513698 PMCID: PMC2753862 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-009-1581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dopamine D3 receptor mechanisms have been implicated in the abuse-related behavioral effects of cocaine. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the D3 receptor partial agonist CJB 090 on the discriminative stimulus, reinforcing and priming effects of cocaine in squirrel monkeys. Complementary studies were conducted to compare CJB 090's effects on food-maintained behavior and species-typical unconditioned behaviors. METHODS Monkeys were trained to: (1) discriminate cocaine from saline using a two-lever choice procedure, (2) self-administer cocaine on a second-order fixed-interval, fixed-ratio schedule of i.v. drug injection, or (3) self-administer food on a comparable second-order schedule of food delivery. A final group of monkeys served in quantitative observational studies of unconditioned behaviors. RESULTS In cocaine discrimination studies, pretreatment with CJB 090 significantly attenuated cocaine's discriminative stimulus effects. CJB 090 also significantly attenuated the partial cocaine-like stimulus effects of the preferential D3 receptor agonist PD 128907 but not the preferential D2 receptor agonist sumanirole. CJB 090 did not attenuate either self-administration of cocaine or cocaine-induced reinstatement of extinguished drug-seeking at a dose that reduced responding maintained by food. CJB 090 did not induce scratching or biting (species-typical effects of D2/3 receptor agonists) or catalepsy (typical effect of D2/3 receptor antagonists). CONCLUSIONS The results provide no evidence that CJB 090 reduced either the reinforcing or priming effects of cocaine but do suggest that CJB 090, acting via a D3 receptor mechanism, antagonized the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine at a dose that did not induce adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Achat-Mendes
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, One Pine Hill Dr., P.O. Box 9102, Southborough, MA 01772, USA.
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44
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Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazino[1,2-a]indole and 2-[(phenylmethylamino)methyl]-1H-indole analogues as novel melatoninergic ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:4583-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Morelli E, Gemma S, Budriesi R, Campiani G, Novellino E, Fattorusso C, Catalanotti B, Coccone SS, Ros S, Borrelli G, Persico M, Fiorini I, Nacci V, Ioan P, Chiarini A, Hamon M, Cagnotto A, Mennini T, Fracasso C, Colovic M, Caccia S, Butini S. Specific Targeting of Peripheral Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptors. Synthesis, Biological Investigation, and Structure−Activity Relationships. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3548-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900018b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Morelli
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Sandra Gemma
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Ettore Novellino
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Caterina Fattorusso
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Bruno Catalanotti
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Salvatore Sanna Coccone
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Sindu Ros
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Giuseppe Borrelli
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Marco Persico
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Isabella Fiorini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Vito Nacci
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Pierfranco Ioan
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Alberto Chiarini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Michel Hamon
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Alfredo Cagnotto
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Tiziana Mennini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Claudia Fracasso
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Milena Colovic
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Silvio Caccia
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
| | - Stefania Butini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali (DCSN) e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica (DCFT), Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Neurobiologie
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Butini S, Gemma S, Campiani G, Franceschini S, Trotta F, Borriello M, Ceres N, Ros S, Coccone SS, Bernetti M, De Angelis M, Brindisi M, Nacci V, Fiorini I, Novellino E, Cagnotto A, Mennini T, Sandager-Nielsen K, Andreasen JT, Scheel-Kruger J, Mikkelsen JD, Fattorusso C. Discovery of a New Class of Potential Multifunctional Atypical Antipsychotic Agents Targeting Dopamine D3 and Serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A Receptors: Design, Synthesis, and Effects on Behavior. J Med Chem 2008; 52:151-69. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800689g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Butini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Sandra Gemma
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Silvia Franceschini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Francesco Trotta
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Marianna Borriello
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Nicoletta Ceres
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Sindu Ros
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Salvatore Sanna Coccone
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Matteo Bernetti
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Meri De Angelis
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Vito Nacci
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Isabella Fiorini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Ettore Novellino
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Alfredo Cagnotto
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Tiziana Mennini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Karin Sandager-Nielsen
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Jesper Tobias Andreasen
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Jorgen Scheel-Kruger
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Jens D. Mikkelsen
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
| | - Caterina Fattorusso
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universitá di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy, NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, Ballerup DK-2750,
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Laras Y, Pietrancosta N, Tomita T, Iwatsubo T, Kraus JL. Synthesis and biological activity of N-substituted spiro[benzoxazepine-piperidine] Aβ-peptide production inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 23:996-1001. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360701832706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Laras
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire, IBDM-UMR-6216-CNRS, Faculté des Sciences Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille cedex 9, France,
| | - N. Pietrancosta
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and
| | - T. Tomita
- Department of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J. L. Kraus
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire, IBDM-UMR-6216-CNRS, Faculté des Sciences Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille cedex 9, France,
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Chen J, Collins GT, Zhang J, Yang CY, Levant B, Woods J, Wang S. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of potent and selective ligands for the dopamine 3 (D3) receptor with a novel in vivo behavioral profile. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5905-8. [PMID: 18785726 DOI: 10.1021/jm800471h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds structurally related to pramipexole were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as ligands for the dopamine 3 (D3) receptor. Compound 12 has a K(i) value of 0.41 nM to D3 and a selectivity of >30000- and 800-fold over the D1-like and D2 receptors, respectively. Our in vivo functional assays showed that this compound is a partial agonist at the D3 receptor with no detectable activity at the D2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Hocke C, Prante O, Salama I, Hübner H, Löber S, Kuwert T, Gmeiner P. 18F-Labeled FAUC 346 and BP 897 derivatives as subtype-selective potential PET radioligands for the dopamine D3 receptor. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:788-93. [PMID: 18306190 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances of neutrotransmission at the dopamine D3 receptor are related to several neuropsychiatric diseases and in particular to drug addiction. Herein, we report the computer-assisted prediction of D3 selectivities of new fluoroalkoxy-substituted receptor ligands by means of 3D-QSAR analysis. As close analogues of the D3-selective lead compound FAUC 346 and BP 879, the (19)F-substituted test compounds 4 a-d were synthesized and evaluated. In vitro investigation of their binding characteristics in transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells led to excellent K(i) values between 0.12 and 0.69 nM at the dopamine D3 subtype. The benzothiophene-substituted carboxamide 4 a (K(i)=0.12 nM) displayed 133 and 283-fold selectivity over the structurally related D2(Long) and D4 subtypes, respectively. Mitogenesis assays showed the behavior of partial agonists. Based on these data, we synthesized the [(18)F]fluoroethoxy-substituted radioligands [(18)F]4 a-d. The N-[4-[4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl]-2-carboxamides 3 a-d were prepared and labeled with 2-[(18)F]fluoroethyltosylate in a two-step procedure. Optimization of the (18)F-labeling conditions led to radiochemical yields between 24 and 65 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Hocke
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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50
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Butini S, Campiani G, Borriello M, Gemma S, Panico A, Persico M, Catalanotti B, Ros S, Brindisi M, Agnusdei M, Fiorini I, Nacci V, Novellino E, Belinskaya T, Saxena A, Fattorusso C. Exploiting Protein Fluctuations at the Active-Site Gorge of Human Cholinesterases: Further Optimization of the Design Strategy to Develop Extremely Potent Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3154-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701253t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Butini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Marianna Borriello
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Sandra Gemma
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Alessandro Panico
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Marco Persico
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Bruno Catalanotti
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Sindu Ros
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Marianna Agnusdei
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Isabella Fiorini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Vito Nacci
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Ettore Novellino
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Tatyana Belinskaya
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Ashima Saxena
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
| | - Caterina Fattorusso
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, via Aldo Moro, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali e Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, and Division of Biochemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
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