1
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Khorram M, Tarahhomi A, van der Lee A, Excoffier G. Structural, Hirshfeld surface and molecular docking studies of a new organotin(IV)-phosphoric triamide complex and an amidophosphoric acid ester proposed as possible SARS-CoV-2 and Monkeypox inhibitors. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17358. [PMID: 37360112 PMCID: PMC10279467 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoramides and their complexes are attractive compounds due to their significant inhibiting functionality in biological medicine. In this paper, a novel organotin(IV)-phosphoramide complex (Sn(CH3)2Cl2{[(3-Cl)C6H4NH]P(O)[NC4H8O]2}2, 1), derived from a reaction between phosphoric triamide ligand with dimethyltin dichloride, and a new amidophosphoric acid ester ([OCH2C(CH3)2CH2O]P(O)[N(CH3)CH2C6H5], 2), prepared from the condensation of a cyclic chlorophosphate reagent with N-methylbenzylamine, are structurally characterized and in silico investigated as potential SARS-CoV-2 and Monkeypox inhibitors by molecular docking simulation. Both compounds crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P21/c. The asymmetric unit of the complex 1 consists of one-half molecule, where SnIV is located on an inversion center, while the asymmetric part of 2 consists of one whole molecule. In the complex 1, the tin atom adopts a six-coordinate octahedral geometry with trans groups of (Cl)2, (CH3)2 and (PO)2 (PO = phosphoric triamide ligand). The molecular architecture consists of the N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds stretching as a 1D linear arrangement along the b axis with intermediate R22(12) ring motifs, whereas in the case of 2, the crystal packing is devoid of any classical hydrogen bond interaction. Furthermore, a graphical analysis by using Hirshfeld surface method identifies the most important intermolecular interactions being of the type H⋯Cl/Cl⋯H (for 1) and H⋯O/O⋯H (for 1 and 2), covering the hydrogen bond interactions N-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯O═P, respectively, which turn out to be favoured. A biological molecular docking simulation on the studied compounds provides evidence to suggest a significant inhibitory potential against SARS-COV-2 (6LU7) and Monkeypox (4QWO) especially for 6LU7 with a binding energy around -6 kcal/mol competing with current effective drugs against this virus (with a binding energy around -5 and -7 kcal/mol). It is worth noting that this report is the first case of an inhibitory potential evaluation of phosphoramide compounds on Monkeypox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Khorram
- Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 35131-19111, Iran
| | - Atekeh Tarahhomi
- Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 35131-19111, Iran
| | - Arie van der Lee
- IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Grégory Excoffier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Spectropole, Marseille, France
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2
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Zhu YY, Niu Y, Niu YN, Yang SD. Recent advances in the synthesis and applications of phosphoramides. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10296-10313. [PMID: 34812834 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01566d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoramide, as an important framework of many biologically active molecules, has attracted widespread attention in recent decades. It is not only widely used in pharmaceuticals because of its excellent biological activities, but it also shows good performance in organic dyes, flame retardants and extractors. Thus, it is of great significance to develop effective and convenient methods for the synthesis of phosphoramides. In this review, the recent advancements made in the synthesis routes and applications of phosphoramides are discussed. The synthetic strategies of phosphoramides can be separated into five categories: phosphorus halides as the substrate, phosphates as the substrate, phosphorus hydrogen as the substrate, azides as the substrate and other methods. The latest examples of these methods are provided and some representative mechanisms are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yan-Ning Niu
- Department of Teaching and Research, Nanjing Forestry University, Huaian 223003, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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3
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Serpi M, Pertusati F. An overview of ProTide technology and its implications to drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1149-1161. [PMID: 33985395 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1922385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The ProTide technology is a phosphate (or phosphonate) prodrug method devised to deliver nucleoside monophosphate (or monophosphonate) intracellularly bypassing the key challenges of antiviral and anticancer nucleoside analogs. Three new antiviral drugs, exploiting this technology, have been approved by the FDA while others are in clinical studies as anticancer agents.Areas covered: The authors describe the origin and development of this technology and its incredible success in transforming the drug discovery of antiviral and anticancer nucleoside analogues. As evidence, discussion on the antiviral ProTides on the market, and those currently in clinical development are included. The authors focus on how the proven capacity of this technology to generate new drug candidates has stimulated its application to non-nucleoside-based molecules.Expert opinion: The ProTide approach has been extremely successful in delivering blockbuster antiviral medicines and it seems highly promising in oncology. Its application to non-nucleoside-based small molecules is recently emerging and proving effective in other therapeutic areas. However, investigations to explain the lack of activity of certain ProTide series and comprehensive structure activity relationship studies to identify the appropriate phosphoramidate motifs depending on the parent molecule are in our opinion mandatory for the future development of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizio Pertusati
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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4
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Son J, Baek Y, Kim S, Lee K, Lee PH. Rhodium(
III
)‐Catalyzed N−H Insertion Reaction of Phosphoryl Amides with
α‐Aryl
Diazoesters for the Synthesis of
α‐Phosphoryl
Amino Esters. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong‐Yu Son
- Department of ChemistryKangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyeon Baek
- Department of ChemistryKangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuck Kim
- Department of ChemistryKangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsup Lee
- Department of ChemistryKangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Ho Lee
- Department of ChemistryKangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
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5
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Cho JH, Bassit LC, Amblard F, Schinazi RF. Synthesis of 7-trifluoromethyl-7-deazapurine ribonucleoside analogs and their monophosphate prodrugs. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 39:671-687. [PMID: 31588837 PMCID: PMC7668401 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1674333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Novel 7-trifluoromethyl-7-deazapurine ribonucleoside analogs (13a-c) and their Protides (15a-c) were successfully synthesized from ribolactol or 1-α-bromo-ribose derivatives using Silyl-Hilbert-Johnson or nucleobase-anion substitution reactions followed by key aromatic trifluoromethyl substitution. Newly prepared compounds were evaluated against a panel of RNA viruses, including HCV, Ebola or Zika viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Cho
- Department of Medicinal Biothechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
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6
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Granger E, Solomianko K, Young C, Erb J. Exploration of chiral Lewis acid Mg 2+ catalysts in the synthesis of aryl organophosphate triesters from phosphorus oxychloride through a three-step, two-pot substitution sequence. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Slusarczyk M, Serpi M, Pertusati F. Phosphoramidates and phosphonamidates (ProTides) with antiviral activity. Antivir Chem Chemother 2018; 26:2040206618775243. [PMID: 29792071 PMCID: PMC5971382 DOI: 10.1177/2040206618775243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the first report on the nucleoside phosphoramidate (ProTide) prodrug approach in 1990 by Chris McGuigan, the extensive investigation of ProTide technology has begun in many laboratories. Designed with aim to overcome limitations and the key resistance mechanisms associated with nucleoside analogues used in the clinic (poor cellular uptake, poor conversion to the 5'-monophosphate form), the ProTide approach has been successfully applied to a vast number of nucleoside analogues with antiviral and anticancer activity. ProTides consist of a 5'-nucleoside monophosphate in which the two hydroxyl groups are masked with an amino acid ester and an aryloxy component which once in the cell is enzymatically metabolized to deliver free 5'-monophosphate, which is further transformed to the active 5'-triphosphate form of the nucleoside analogue. In this review, the seminal contribution of Chris McGuigan's research to this field is presented. His technology proved to be extremely successful in drug discovery and has led to two Food and Drug Administration-approved antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michaela Serpi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Fabrizio Pertusati
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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8
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Kandil S, Balzarini J, Rat S, Brancale A, Westwell AD, McGuigan C. ProTides of BVdU as potential anticancer agents upon efficient intracellular delivery of their activated metabolites. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5618-5623. [PMID: 27818111 PMCID: PMC5131913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Nucleosides represent a major chemotherapeutic class for treating cancer, however their limitations in terms of cellular uptake, nucleoside kinase-mediated activation and catabolism are well-documented. The monophosphate pro-nucleotides known as ProTides represents a powerful strategy for bypassing the dependence on active transport and nucleoside kinase-mediated activation. Herein, we report the structural tuning of BVdU ProTides. Forty six phosphoramidates were prepared and biologically evaluated against three different cancer cell lines; murine leukemia (L1210), human CD4+ T-lymphocyte (CEM) and human cervical carcinoma (HeLa). Twenty-fold potency enhancement compared to BVdU was achieved against L1210 cells. Interestingly, a number of ProTides showed low micromolar activity against CEM and HeLa cells compared to the inactive parent BVdU. The ProTides showed poor, if any measurable toxicity to non-tumourigenic human lung fibroblast cell cultures. Separation of four pairs of the diastereoisomeric mixtures and comparison of their spectral properties, biological activities and enzymatic activation rate is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Kandil
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK.
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Rat
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Andrew D Westwell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Christopher McGuigan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
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9
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Baig MZK, Pallikonda G, Trivedi P, Tulichala RNP, Ghosh B, Chakravarty M. Metal-Free Arylation to Access Distinct Anthracenylphosphonates and Anticancer Activities for These and Allied Phosphonates. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Zubair K. Baig
- Department of Chemistry; BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet; Hyderabad India 500078
| | - Gangaram Pallikonda
- Department of Chemistry; BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet; Hyderabad India 500078
| | - Prakruti Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacy; BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet; Hyderabad India 500078
| | | | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacy; BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet; Hyderabad India 500078
| | - Manab Chakravarty
- Department of Chemistry; BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet; Hyderabad India 500078
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10
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Gao LJ, De Jonghe S, Daelemans D, Herdewijn P. L-Aspartic and l-glutamic acid ester-based ProTides of anticancer nucleosides: Synthesis and antitumoral evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2142-6. [PMID: 27032331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel aryloxyphosphoramidate nucleoside prodrugs based on l-aspartic acid and l-glutamic acid as amino acid motif has been synthesized and evaluated for antitumoral activity. Depending on the cancer cell line studied and on the nature of the parent nucleoside compound (gemcitabine, 5-iodo-2'-deoxy-uridine, floxuridine or brivudin), the corresponding ProTides are endowed with an improved or decreased cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jie Gao
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Venkata Ramana K, Madhava G, Ravendra Babu K, Subbarao D, Hema Kumar K, Naga Raju C. Synthesis of Novel N,N-Disubstituted Ethyl P-[2-(1H-Indol-3-YL)Acetyl]Phosphoramidates and Their Biological Activity. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1054930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Venkata Ramana
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, TirupatiAndhra Pradesh, 517 502, India
| | - G. Madhava
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, TirupatiAndhra Pradesh, 517 502, India
| | - K. Ravendra Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, TirupatiAndhra Pradesh, 517 502, India
| | - D. Subbarao
- Research & Development Center, API Division, Micro Labs Ltd., Jigani-Bommasandra Link Road, Bangalore, 560100, Karnataka, India
| | - K. Hema Kumar
- Aptus BioSciences Private Limited, Mahabub Nagar, 509002, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - C. Naga Raju
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, TirupatiAndhra Pradesh, 517 502, India
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12
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Li X, Chen X, Yuan J, Qu L, Zhu H, Bi W, Zhao Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Phosphoramide Piperazine Analogs of Paeonol. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2014.965822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 450001, Zhengzhou,, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 450001, Zhengzhou,, China
| | - Haisheng Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhu Bi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
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13
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Subramanyam C, Rao DS, Raju CN, Adam S, Murthy SDS. New N-Linked Phosphonamidate Derivatives of 6-Chloropurine: Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2014.884093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ch. Subramanyam
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - D. Subba Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - C. Naga Raju
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S. Adam
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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14
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Pradere U, Garnier-Amblard E, Coats SJ, Amblard F, Schinazi RF. Synthesis of nucleoside phosphate and phosphonate prodrugs. Chem Rev 2014; 114:9154-218. [PMID: 25144792 PMCID: PMC4173794 DOI: 10.1021/cr5002035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Pradere
- Center
for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department
of Pediatrics, Emory University School of
Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | | | | | - Franck Amblard
- Center
for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department
of Pediatrics, Emory University School of
Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Raymond F. Schinazi
- Center
for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department
of Pediatrics, Emory University School of
Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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15
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Park Y, Seo J, Park S, Yoo EJ, Lee PH. Rhodium-catalyzed oxidative C-H activation/cyclization for the synthesis of phosphaisocoumarins and phosphorous 2-pyrones. Chemistry 2013; 19:16461-8. [PMID: 24123397 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium-catalyzed cyclization of phosphinic acids and phosphonic monoesters with alkynes has been developed. The oxidative annulation proceeds with complete conversion of phosphinic acid derivatives and allowed the atom-economic preparation of useful phosphaisocoumarins with high yield and selectivity. The reaction is tolerant of extensive substitution on the phosphinic acid, phosphonic monoester and alkyne, including halides, ketone, and hydroxyl groups as substituents. Furthermore, we found that alkenylphosphonic monoesters proceed to give a wide range of phosphorus 2-pyrones through oxidative annulation with alkynes. Mechanistic studies revealed that C-H bond metalation was the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngchul Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701 (Republic of Korea), Fax: (+82) 33-253-7582
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16
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Yuan JW, Chen XL, Qu LB, Qu ZB, Zhou YD, Zhao YF. Synthesis of a Novel Type of Phosphoramidate Derivatives of 2-Arylquinolone. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200900009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Mo J, Kang D, Eom D, Kim SH, Lee PH. Gold-Catalyzed Sequential Alkyne Activation for the Synthesis of 4,6-Disubstituted Phosphorus 2-Pyrones. Org Lett 2012; 15:26-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3029274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juntae Mo
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea and Analysis Research Division Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea and Analysis Research Division Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahan Eom
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea and Analysis Research Division Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea and Analysis Research Division Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea and Analysis Research Division Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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18
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Rios Morales EH, Balzarini J, Meier C. Stereoselective synthesis and antiviral activity of methyl-substituted cycloSal-pronucleotides. J Med Chem 2012; 55:7245-52. [PMID: 22827702 DOI: 10.1021/jm3008085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methyl-substituted cycloSal-pronucleotides of d4TMP were synthesized with high diastereoselectivities in satisfying chemical yields. The individual diastereomers were tested against HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected wild-type CEM/0 and HIV-2 infected thymidine kinase deficient CEM cells. All diastereomers tested showed significant antiviral activity in CEM/0 and strong activity in CEM/TK(-) cell cultures. The antiviral activities were strongly dependent on the chirality at the phosphate group and the position of the methyl-group(s) in the cycloSal moiety. In CEM/TK(-) cell cultures the difference in antiviral potency was found to be 7- to 20-fold. The stability of each diastereomer was studied in aqueous phosphate buffer and in CEM/0 cell extracts. Large differences in the half-lives were found. A comparison of the relative lipophilicity of the methyl-substituted cycloSal triesters was performed based on the retention times obtained by reversed phase HPLC. The results obtained clearly confirm the importance of a diastereoselective synthesis of cycloSal-pronucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwuin H Rios Morales
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Synthesis and study of cyclic pronucleotides of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4497-501. [PMID: 22738636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A one-step method for the synthesis of cyclic pronucleotide (cProTide) derivatives of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd), utilizing a novel phosphoramidating reagent, is described. Stereochemistry at phosphorus was established by NMR studies and modeling. Cytotoxicity data of representative cProTide derivatives of FdUrd are presented. The observed cell-to-cell variations in activity suggests that it is feasible to screen for structural variations in the cProTide moiety favoring metabolic activation in cancer cells, which may lead to an increase in the therapeutic effectiveness of FdUrd. The method described is applicable to all anticancer and antiviral nucleoside analogs having both the 5'- and the 3'-OH groups available for modification, forming cProTide derivatives capable of delivering the 5'-monophosphates to cells.
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20
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McGuigan C, Madela K, Aljarah M, Bourdin C, Arrica M, Barrett E, Jones S, Kolykhalov A, Bleiman B, Bryant KD, Ganguly B, Gorovits E, Henson G, Hunley D, Hutchins J, Muhammad J, Obikhod A, Patti J, Walters CR, Wang J, Vernachio J, Ramamurty CVS, Battina SK, Chamberlain S. Phosphorodiamidates as a Promising New Phosphate Prodrug Motif for Antiviral Drug Discovery: Application to Anti-HCV Agents. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8632-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2011673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher McGuigan
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff
CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Karolina Madela
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff
CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Mohamed Aljarah
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff
CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Claire Bourdin
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff
CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Maria Arrica
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff
CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Emma Barrett
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff
CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Sarah Jones
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff
CF10 3NB, U.K
| | | | - Blair Bleiman
- Inhibitex Inc., 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta,
Georgia 30004, United States
| | - K. Dawn Bryant
- Inhibitex Inc., 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta,
Georgia 30004, United States
| | - Babita Ganguly
- Inhibitex Inc., 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta,
Georgia 30004, United States
| | - Elena Gorovits
- Inhibitex Inc., 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta,
Georgia 30004, United States
| | - Geoffrey Henson
- Inhibitex Inc., 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta,
Georgia 30004, United States
| | - Damound Hunley
- Inhibitex Inc., 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta,
Georgia 30004, United States
| | - Jeff Hutchins
- Inhibitex Inc., 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta,
Georgia 30004, United States
| | - Jerry Muhammad
- Inhibitex Inc., 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta,
Georgia 30004, United States
| | - Aleksandr Obikhod
- Inhibitex Inc., 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta,
Georgia 30004, United States
| | - Joseph Patti
- Inhibitex Inc., 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta,
Georgia 30004, United States
| | - C. Robin Walters
- Inhibitex Inc., 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta,
Georgia 30004, United States
| | - Jin Wang
- Inhibitex Inc., 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta,
Georgia 30004, United States
| | - John Vernachio
- Inhibitex Inc., 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta,
Georgia 30004, United States
| | | | | | - Stanley Chamberlain
- Inhibitex Inc., 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta,
Georgia 30004, United States
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McGuigan C, Murziani P, Slusarczyk M, Gonczy B, Vande Voorde J, Liekens S, Balzarini J. Phosphoramidate ProTides of the Anticancer Agent FUDR Successfully Deliver the Preformed Bioactive Monophosphate in Cells and Confer Advantage over the Parent Nucleoside. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7247-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200815w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher McGuigan
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Paola Murziani
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Magdalena Slusarczyk
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Blanka Gonczy
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Johan Vande Voorde
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Liekens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
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22
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Vande Voorde J, Liekens S, McGuigan C, Murziani PG, Slusarczyk M, Balzarini J. The cytostatic activity of NUC-3073, a phosphoramidate prodrug of 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine, is independent of activation by thymidine kinase and insensitive to degradation by phosphorolytic enzymes. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:441-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Cho JH, Amblard F, Coats SJ, Schinazi RF. Efficient synthesis of nucleoside aryloxy phosphoramidate prodrugs utilizing benzyloxycarbonyl protection. Tetrahedron 2011; 67:5487-5493. [PMID: 22993455 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of nucleoside phosphoramidates prodrugs (6a-f) has been developed that employs a simple protection/deprotection sequence of the nucleoside with benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz). The coupling reaction of Cbz-protected derivatives (5a-f) with phenyl-(ethoxy-L-alaninyl)-phosphorochloridate (7), followed by Cbz group removal by hydrogenolysis provided the phenyl phosphoramidate ProTides (6a-f) in excellent overall yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Cho
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
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24
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Morales EHR, Román CA, Thomann JO, Meier C. Linear Synthesis of Chiral cycloSal-Pronucleotides. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Gao X, Chen W, Zhu G, Yi R, Wu Z, Xu P, Zhao Y. Fast separation of antiviral nucleoside phosphoramidate and H-phosphonate diastereoisomers by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1416-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Roman CA, Balzarini J, Meier C. Diastereoselective synthesis of aryloxy phosphoramidate prodrugs of 3'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine monophosphate. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7675-81. [PMID: 20945915 DOI: 10.1021/jm100817f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first diastereoselective synthesis of aryloxy phosphoramidate prodrugs of 3'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine monophosphate (d4TMP) is reported. In our approach, (S)-4-isopropylthiazolidine-2-thione 1 was used as a chiral auxiliary to introduce the stereochemistry at the phosphorus atom. In the last step of the developed reaction sequence, the nucleoside analogue d4T was introduced to a stereochemically pure phosphordiamidate which led to the formation of the almost diastereomerically pure phosphoramidate prodrugs 8a-d (≥95% de). As expected, the individually prepared diastereomers of the phosphoramidate prodrugs showed significant differences in the antiviral activity. Moreover, the difference was strongly dependent on the aryl substituent attached to the phosphoramidate moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Arbelo Roman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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27
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Morales ER, Roman CA, Balzarini J, Meier C. First Diastereoselective Synthesis of Pronucleotides. Antiviral Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.02.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Mehellou Y, Balzarini J, McGuigan C. Aryloxy phosphoramidate triesters: a technology for delivering monophosphorylated nucleosides and sugars into cells. ChemMedChem 2010; 4:1779-91. [PMID: 19760699 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Prodrug technologies aimed at delivering nucleoside monophosphates into cells (protides) have proved to be effective in improving the therapeutic potential of antiviral and anticancer nucleosides. In these cases, the nucleoside monophosphates are delivered into the cell, where they may then be further converted (phosphorylated) to their active species. Herein, we describe one of these technologies developed in our laboratories, known as the phosphoramidate protide method. In this approach, the charges of the phosphate group are fully masked to provide efficient passive cell-membrane penetration. Upon entering the cell, the masking groups are enzymatically cleaved to release the phosphorylated biomolecule. The application of this technology to various therapeutic nucleosides has resulted in improved antiviral and anticancer activities, and in some cases it has transformed inactive nucleosides to active ones. Additionally, the phosphoramidate technology has also been applied to numerous antiviral nucleoside phosphonates, and has resulted in at least three phosphoramidate-based nucleotides progressing to clinical investigations. Furthermore, the phosphoramidate technology has been recently applied to sugars (mainly glucosamine) in order to improve their therapeutic potential. The development of the phosphoramidate technology, mechanism of action and the application of the technology to various monophosphorylated nucleosides and sugars will be reviewed.
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29
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Meppen M, Pacini B, Bazzo R, Koch U, Leone JF, Koeplinger KA, Rowley M, Altamura S, Di Marco A, Fiore F, Giuliano C, Gonzalez-Paz O, Laufer R, Pucci V, Narjes F, Gardelli C. Cyclic phosphoramidates as prodrugs of 2′-C-methylcytidine. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:3765-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Gardelli C, Attenni B, Donghi M, Meppen M, Pacini B, Harper S, Di Marco A, Fiore F, Giuliano C, Pucci V, Laufer R, Gennari N, Marcucci I, Leone JF, Olsen DB, MacCoss M, Rowley M, Narjes F. Phosphoramidate Prodrugs of 2′-C-Methylcytidine for Therapy of Hepatitis C Virus Infection. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5394-407. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900447q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gardelli
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Barbara Attenni
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Monica Donghi
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Malte Meppen
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Barbara Pacini
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Steven Harper
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Annalise Di Marco
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fiore
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pucci
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Ralph Laufer
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Nadia Gennari
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Isabella Marcucci
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Joseph F. Leone
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - David B. Olsen
- Department of Antiviral Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Malcolm MacCoss
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Michael Rowley
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Frank Narjes
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, P. Angeletti S.p.A. (IRBM-MRL Rome), Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
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31
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Mehellou Y, Balzarini J, McGuigan C. An investigation into the anti-HIV activity of 2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxyuridine (d4U) and 2′,3′-dideoxyuridine (ddU) phosphoramidate ‘ProTide’ derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:2548-53. [DOI: 10.1039/b904276h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Congiatu C, Brancale A, McGuigan C. Molecular modelling studies on the binding of some protides to the putative human phosphoramidase Hint1. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 26:1121-4. [PMID: 18058549 DOI: 10.1080/15257770701521656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to investigate through molecular modelling the possible role of the human enzyme Hint1 in the final P-N bond cleavage of phosphoramidate ProTides, which would lead to the intracellular delivery of unmasked nucleoside analogue monophosphates. Herein, we report our preliminary analysis based on docking studies of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVdU) related aminoacyl phosphates with Hint1 and the effect of the amino acid moiety on the enzyme-substrate binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Congiatu
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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33
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Mehellou Y, McGuigan C, Brancale A, Balzarini J. Design, synthesis, and anti-HIV activity of 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (d4U), 2',3'-dideoxyuridine (ddU) phosphoramidate 'ProTide' derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3666-9. [PMID: 17485204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (d4U) and 2',3'-dideoxyuridine (ddU) phosphoramidate 'ProTide' derivatives and their evaluation against HIV-1 and HIV-2. In addition, we conducted molecular modeling studies on both d4U and ddU monophosphates to investigate their second phosphorylation process. The findings from the modeling studies provide compelling evidence for the lack of anti-HIV activity of d4U phosphoramidates, in contrast with the corresponding ddU phosphoramidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcef Mehellou
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, UK
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Perrone P, Luoni GM, Kelleher MR, Daverio F, Angell A, Mulready S, Congiatu C, Rajyaguru S, Martin JA, Levêque V, Le Pogam S, Najera I, Klumpp K, Smith DB, McGuigan C. Application of the Phosphoramidate ProTide Approach to 4‘-Azidouridine Confers Sub-micromolar Potency versus Hepatitis C Virus on an Inactive Nucleoside. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1840-9. [PMID: 17367121 DOI: 10.1021/jm0613370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the application of our phosphoramidate ProTide technology to the ribonucleoside analogue 4'-azidouridine to generate novel antiviral agents for the inhibition of hepatitis C virus (HCV). 4'-Azidouridine did not inhibit HCV, although 4'-azidocytidine was a potent inhibitor of HCV replication under similar assay conditions. However 4'-azidouridine triphosphate was a potent inhibitor of RNA synthesis by HCV polymerase, raising the question as to whether our phosphoramidate ProTide approach could effectively deliver 4'-azidouridine monophosphate to HCV replicon cells and unleash the antiviral potential of the triphosphate. Twenty-two phosphoramidates were prepared, including variations in the aryl, ester, and amino acid regions. A number of compounds showed sub-micromolar inhibition of HCV in cell culture without detectable cytotoxicity. These results confirm that phosphoramidate ProTides can deliver monophosphates of ribonucleoside analogues and suggest a potential path to the generation of novel antiviral agents against HCV infection. The generic message is that ProTide synthesis from inactive parent nucleosides may be a warranted drug discovery strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plinio Perrone
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK
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35
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Venkatachalam TK, Qazi S, Uckun FM. Synthesis and metabolism of naphthyl substituted phosphoramidate derivatives of stavudine. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:5161-77. [PMID: 16697204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Revised: 04/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of naphthylphosphoramidate derivatives of stavudine was achieved using a four-step procedure. The derivatives were subjected to several different enzymes including lipase, esterase, Subtilisin Carlsberg, and Carica papaya, and their hydrolysis rates were determined. Based on the rates of hydrolysis, we were able to differentiate between the chiralities at the phosphorus center of the phosphoramidate compounds. In addition, lipase was found to distinguish between both alpha and beta forms of the compounds. The superior chiral selectivity shown by lipase toward the naphthyl substituted phosphoramidate derivatives is attributed to the restrictive binding pocket of the lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Venkatachalam
- Department of Chemistry, Parker Hughes Institute, Roseville, MN 55113, USA
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