1
|
Zhang X, Zhou C, Yang Y, Liu H, Wang S, Ding X, Wang H. The Discovery of Potential MDM2 Inhibitors: A Combination of Pharmacophore Modeling, Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking Studies, and in vitro/in vivo Biological Evaluation. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100517. [PMID: 34806333 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of MDM2 that block the MDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction have been considered as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. Here, we identify five highly potent inhibitors of MDM2 (termed as WY 1-5) that display significant inhibitory effects on MDM2-p53 interaction by using a combined strategy of pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, and molecular docking studies. Among them, WY-5 is the most active MDM2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 14.1±2.8 nM. Moreover, WY-5 significantly up-regulate the protein level of p53 in SK-Hep-1 cells harboring wild-type p53. In vitro anticancer study reveals that WY-5 markedly inhibits the survival of SK-Hep-1 cells. In vivo anticancer study suggests that WY-5 significantly inhibits the growth of SK-Hep-1 cells-derived xenograft in nude mice, with no observable toxicity. Our results demonstrate that WY-5 may be a promising candidate for the treatment of cancer harboring wild-type p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Chunqiao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hailin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Xiaoli Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, 401121, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ntie-Kang F, Simoben CV, Karaman B, Ngwa VF, Judson PN, Sippl W, Mbaze LM. Pharmacophore modeling and in silico toxicity assessment of potential anticancer agents from African medicinal plants. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:2137-54. [PMID: 27445461 PMCID: PMC4938243 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s108118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Molecular modeling has been employed in the search for lead compounds of chemotherapy to fight cancer. In this study, pharmacophore models have been generated and validated for use in virtual screening protocols for eight known anticancer drug targets, including tyrosine kinase, protein kinase B β, cyclin-dependent kinase, protein farnesyltransferase, human protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. Pharmacophore models were validated through receiver operating characteristic and Güner–Henry scoring methods, indicating that several of the models generated could be useful for the identification of potential anticancer agents from natural product databases. The validated pharmacophore models were used as three-dimensional search queries for virtual screening of the newly developed AfroCancer database (~400 compounds from African medicinal plants), along with the Naturally Occurring Plant-based Anticancer Compound-Activity-Target dataset (comprising ~1,500 published naturally occurring plant-based compounds from around the world). Additionally, an in silico assessment of toxicity of the two datasets was carried out by the use of 88 toxicity end points predicted by the Lhasa’s expert knowledge-based system (Derek), showing that only an insignificant proportion of the promising anticancer agents would be likely showing high toxicity profiles. A diversity study of the two datasets, carried out using the analysis of principal components from the most important physicochemical properties often used to access drug-likeness of compound datasets, showed that the two datasets do not occupy the same chemical space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Conrad Veranso Simoben
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Berin Karaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Valery Fuh Ngwa
- Interuniversity Institute For Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (I-BioStat), University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Luc Meva'a Mbaze
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
La Rosa S, Benicchi T, Bettinetti L, Ceccarelli I, Diodato E, Federico C, Fiengo P, Franceschini D, Gokce O, Heitz F, Lazzeroni G, Luthi-Carter R, Magnoni L, Miragliotta V, Scali C, Valacchi M. Fused 3-Hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylpyrazoles Inhibit Mutant Huntingtin Toxicity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:979-84. [PMID: 24900595 PMCID: PMC4027250 DOI: 10.1021/ml400251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the selection and optimization of a chemical series active in both a full-length and a fragment-based Huntington's disease (HD) assay. Twenty-four thousand small molecules were screened in a phenotypic HD assay, identifying a series of compounds bearing a 3-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylpyrazole moiety as able to revert the toxicity induced by full-length mutant Htt by up to 50%. A chemical exploration around the series led to the identification of compound 4f, which demonstrated to be active in a Htt171-82Q rat primary striatal neuron assay and a PC12-Exon-1 based assay. This compound was selected for testing in R6/2 mice, in which it was well-tolerated and showed a positive effect on body weight and a positive trend in preventing ventricular volume enlargment. These studies provide strong rationale for further testing the potential benefits of 3-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylpyrazoles in treating HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore La Rosa
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Tiziana Benicchi
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Bettinetti
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ceccarelli
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Enrica Diodato
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cesare Federico
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Pasquale Fiengo
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Davide Franceschini
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ozgun Gokce
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),
Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Freddy Heitz
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Lazzeroni
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ruth Luthi-Carter
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),
Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Letizia Magnoni
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Carla Scali
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Michela Valacchi
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors as emerging targets for treatment of pain. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1551-62. [PMID: 22971335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysolipids are important mediators of cellular communication in multiple physiological processes. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a major lysolipid in many organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). This commentary discusses recent findings on the role of S1P in regulating pain perception, and highlights advances and challenges in the field. S1P interacts with multiple cellular targets, including G-protein-coupled receptors. Known S1P receptors include five types, four of which are expressed in the CNS (S1P(1,2,3,5)) where they are localized on neurons and glia. S1P receptor-mediated G-protein activation has been demonstrated throughout the CNS, including regions that regulate nociception. S1P receptors couple to multiple G-proteins to produce various intracellular responses, and can mediate both excitatory and inhibitory neuromodulation, depending on the receptor type and cellular context. Both antinociceptive and pro-nociceptive effects of S1P have been reported, and both actions can involve S1P(1) receptors. Current evidence suggests that antinociception is mediated by CNS neurons, whereas pro-nociception is mediated by primary afferent neurons or immune cells in the periphery, or CNS glia. Nonetheless, peripheral administration of the S1P(1,3,4,5) agonist pro-drug, FTY720, produces antinociception. FTY720 is approved to treat multiple sclerosis, and produces potent anti-inflammatory effects, which suggests potential utility for painful autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the S1P system interacts with other pain-modulatory systems, such as endogenous cannabinoid and opioid systems, and putative novel sphingolipid targets in the CNS. These findings suggest that drugs targeting the S1P system could be developed as novel analgesics, either as monotherapy or potential adjuncts to established analgesics.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pyne NJ, Dubois G, Pyne S. Role of sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid in fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:228-38. [PMID: 22801038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights an emerging role for sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in many different types of fibrosis. Indeed, both LPA and S1P are involved in the multi-process pathogenesis of fibrosis, being implicated in promoting the well-established process of differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and the more controversial epithelial-mesenchymal transition and homing of fibrocytes to fibrotic lesions. Therefore, targeting the production of these bioactive lysolipids or blocking their sites/mechanisms of action has therapeutic potential. Indeed, LPA receptor 1 (LPA(1)) selective antagonists are currently being developed for the treatment of fibrosis of the lung as well as a neutralising anti-S1P antibody that is currently in Phase 1 clinical trials for treatment of age related macular degeneration. Thus, LPA- and S1P-directed therapeutics may not be too far from the clinic. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
Collapse
|
6
|
Valentine WJ, Tigyi G. High-throughput assays to measure intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization in cells that express recombinant S1P receptor subtypes. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 874:77-87. [PMID: 22528441 PMCID: PMC3617928 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-800-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization is a useful readout to screen for agonists or antagonists of G-protein -coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here, we describe methods to conduct high-throughput screening of stably or transiently transfected HTC4 cells expressing the individual S1P1-5 receptor subtypes. The cells are grown in 96-well plates and loaded with the cell permeable fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator dye Fura-2-AM. Changes in intracellular Ca(2+) levels in response to S1P or test compounds are detected using a FlexStation II scanning fluorometer with integrated fluidics transfer capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Valentine
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ripphausen P, Nisius B, Wawer M, Bajorath J. Rationalizing the role of SAR tolerance for ligand-based virtual screening. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 51:837-42. [PMID: 21438544 DOI: 10.1021/ci200064c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is well appreciated that the results of ligand-based virtual screening (LBVS) are much influenced by methodological details, given the generally strong compound class dependence of LBVS methods. It is less well understood to what extent structure-activity relationship (SAR) characteristics might influence the outcome of LBVS. We have assessed the hypothesis that the success of prospective LBVS depends on the SAR tolerance of screening targets, in addition to methodological aspects. In this context, SAR tolerance is rationalized as the ability of a target protein to specifically interact with series of structurally diverse active compounds. In compound data sets, SAR tolerance articulates itself as SAR continuity, i.e., the presence of structurally diverse compounds having similar potency. In order to analyze the role of SAR tolerance for LBVS, activity landscape representations of compounds active against 16 different target proteins were generated for which successful LBVS applications were reported. In all instances, the activity landscapes of known active compounds contained multiple regions of local SAR continuity. When analyzing the location of newly identified LBVS hits and their SAR environments, we found that these hits almost exclusively mapped to regions of distinct local SAR continuity. Taken together, these findings indicate the presence of a close link between SAR tolerance at the target level, SAR continuity at the ligand level, and the probability of LBVS success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ripphausen
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Dahlmannstrasse 2, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Chun J, Hla T, Lynch KR, Spiegel S, Moolenaar WH. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXVIII. Lysophospholipid receptor nomenclature. Pharmacol Rev 2010; 62:579-87. [PMID: 21079037 PMCID: PMC2993255 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.003111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipids are cell membrane-derived lipids that include both glycerophospholipids such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingoid lipids such as sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). These and related molecules can function in vertebrates as extracellular signals by binding and activating G protein-coupled receptors. There are currently five LPA receptors, along with a proposed sixth (LPA₁-LPA₆), and five S1P receptors (S1P₁-S1P₅). A remarkably diverse biology and pathophysiology has emerged since the last review, driven by cloned receptors and targeted gene deletion ("knockout") studies in mice, which implicate receptor-mediated lysophospholipid signaling in most organ systems and multiple disease processes. The entry of various lysophospholipid receptor modulatory compounds into humans through clinical trials is ongoing and may lead to new medicines that are based on this signaling system. This review incorporates IUPHAR Nomenclature Committee guidelines in updating the nomenclature for lysophospholipid receptors ( http://www.iuphar-db.org/DATABASE/FamilyMenuForward?familyId=36).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerold Chun
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Im DS. Pharmacological tools for lysophospholipid GPCRs: development of agonists and antagonists for LPA and S1P receptors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:1213-22. [PMID: 20729877 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) using various approaches have shown that both the molecules can act as intercellular signaling molecules. The discovery of the Edg subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (later renamed LPA(1-3) and S1P(1-5)) for these molecules has opened up a new avenue for pathophysiological research on lysophospholipids. Genetic and molecular studies on lysophospholipid GPCRs have elucidated pathophysiological impacts and roles in cellular signaling pathways. Recently, lysophospholipid GPCR genes have been used to develop receptor subtype-selective agonists and antagonists. The discovery of FTY720, a novel immune modulator, along with other chemical tools, has provided a means of elucidating the functions of each lysophospholipid GPCR on an organ and the whole body level. This communication attempts to retrospectively review the development of agonists and antagonists for lysophospholipid GPCRs, provide integrated information on pharmacological tools for lysophospholipid GPCR signaling, and speculate on future drug development.
Collapse
|
11
|
Murakami A, Takasugi H, Ohnuma S, Koide Y, Sakurai A, Takeda S, Hasegawa T, Sasamori J, Konno T, Hayashi K, Watanabe Y, Mori K, Sato Y, Takahashi A, Mochizuki N, Takakura N. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) Regulates Vascular Contraction via S1P3 Receptor: Investigation Based on a New S1P3 Receptor Antagonist. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 77:704-13. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
12
|
Fontaine F, Cross S, Plasencia G, Pastor M, Zamora I. SHOP: A Method For Structure-Based Fragment and Scaffold Hopping. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:427-39. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
13
|
Parrill AL. Lysophospholipid interactions with protein targets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2008; 1781:540-6. [PMID: 18501204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive lysophospholipids include lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), cyclic-phosphatidic acid (CPA) and alkyl glycerolphosphate (AGP). These lipid mediators stimulate a variety of responses that include cell survival, proliferation, migration, invasion, wound healing, and angiogenesis. Responses to lysophospholipids depend upon interactions with biomolecular targets in the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and nuclear receptor families, as well as enzymes. Our current understanding of lysophospholipid interactions with these targets is based on a combination of lysophospholipid analog structure activity relationship studies as well as more direct structural characterization techniques such as X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and experimentally-validated molecular modeling. The direct structural characterization studies are the focus of this review, and provide the insight necessary to stimulate structure-based therapeutic lead discovery efforts in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abby L Parrill
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Fells JI, Tsukahara R, Fujiwara Y, Liu J, Perygin DH, Osborne DA, Tigyi G, Parrill AL. Identification of non-lipid LPA3 antagonists by virtual screening. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:6207-17. [PMID: 18467108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we utilized virtual screening to identify LPA(3) antagonists. We have developed a three-point structure-based pharmacophore model based on known LPA(3) antagonists. This model was used to mine the NCI database. Docking, pharmacophore development, and database mining produced new, non-lipid leads. Experimental testing of seven computationally selected pharmacophore hits produced one potentiator and three antagonists, one of which displays both LPA(3) selectivity and nanomolar potency. Similarity searching in the ChemBridge database using the most promising lead as the search target produced four additional LPA(3) antagonists and a potent dual LPA(1&2) antagonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James I Fells
- Department of Chemistry and Computational Research on Materials Institute, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhu R, Snyder AH, Kharel Y, Schaffter L, Sun Q, Kennedy PC, Lynch KR, Macdonald TL. Asymmetric synthesis of conformationally constrained fingolimod analogues--discovery of an orally active sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor type-1 agonist and receptor type-3 antagonist. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6428-35. [PMID: 17994678 PMCID: PMC2895489 DOI: 10.1021/jm7010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Compound 1 (FTY720, Fingolimod) represents a new generation of immunosuppressant that modulates lymphocyte trafficking by interacting with the S1P(1) receptor. Compound 1 also provides a template molecule for studying the molecular biology of S1P receptors and related enzymes (kinases and phosphatases). In this study, two conformationally constrained analogues of 1 ( 3a and 3c) were asymmetrically synthesized in high optical purity. In vitro assessment documented that both analogues are Sphk2 substrates, their phosphorylated species are potent S1P(1) receptor agonists, and 3a-P is a potent S1P 3 antagonist. After oral administration in mice, both compounds evoked lymphopenia, but their duration of action differed markedly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Targeting the lipids LPA and S1P and their signalling pathways to inhibit tumour progression. Expert Rev Mol Med 2007; 9:1-18. [PMID: 17935635 DOI: 10.1017/s1462399407000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive lipids lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), the enzymes that generate and degrade them, and the receptors that receive their signals are all potential therapeutic targets in cancer. LPA and S1P signalling pathways can modulate a range of cellular processes that contribute to tumourigenesis, such as proliferation and motility, and components of the signalling pathways often show aberrant expression and altered activity upon malignant transformation. This article reviews LPA- and S1P-mediated activities that might contribute to the aetiology of cancer, and examines the potential of the many antagonists that have been developed to inhibit LPA and S1P signalling pathways. In addition, the outcomes of various clinical trials using LPA- and S1P-associated targets in cancer and other diseases are described, and future directions are discussed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Adachi K, Chiba K. FTY720 Story. Its Discovery and the following Accelerated Development of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Agonists as Immunomodulators Based on Reverse Pharmacology. PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/1177391x0700100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod (FTY720) is the first of a novel class: sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator and is currently in phase 3 clinical trials for multiple sclerosis (MS). FTY720 was first synthesized in 1992 by chemical modification of an immunosuppressive natural product, ISP-I (myriocin). ISP-I was isolated from the culture broth of Isaria sinclairii, a type of vegetative wasp that was an ‘eternal youth’ nostrum in traditional Chinese medicine. ISP-I is an amino acid having three successive asymmetric centers and some functionalities. We simplified the structure drastically to find a nonchiral symmetric 2-substitued-2-aminopropane-1,3-diol framework for an in vivo immunosuppressive activity (inhibition of rat skin allograft rejection test or prolonging effect on rat skin allograft survival) and finally discovered FTY720. During the course of the lead optimization process, we encountered an unexpected dramatic change of the mechanism of action with an in vivo output unchanged. Since it proved that FTY720 did not inhibit serine palmitoyltransferase that is the target enzyme of ISP-I, reverse pharmacological approaches have been preformed to elucidate that FTY720 is mainly phosphorylated by sphingosine kinease 2 in vivo and the phosphorylated drug acts as a potent agonist of four of the five G protein coupled receptors for S1P: S1P1, S1P3, S1P4 and S1P5. Evidence has accumulated that immunomodulation by FTY720-P is based on agonism at the S1P1 receptor. Medicinal chemistry targeting S1P1 receptor agonists is currently in progress. The FTY720 story provides a methodology where in vivo screens rather than in vitro screens play important roles in the lead optimization. Unlike recent drug discovery methodologies, such a strategy as adopted by the FTY720 program would more likely meet serendipity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunitomo Adachi
- Chemistry Laboratory, Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 227-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji Chiba
- Research Laboratory III (Immunology), Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 227-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|