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Kutschka I, Bertero E, Wasmus C, Xiao K, Yang L, Chen X, Oshima Y, Fischer M, Erk M, Arslan B, Alhasan L, Grosser D, Ermer KJ, Nickel A, Kohlhaas M, Eberl H, Rebs S, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Schmitz W, Rehling P, Thum T, Higuchi T, Rabinowitz J, Maack C, Dudek J. Activation of the integrated stress response rewires cardiac metabolism in Barth syndrome. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:47. [PMID: 37930434 PMCID: PMC10628049 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is an inherited cardiomyopathy caused by defects in the mitochondrial transacylase TAFAZZIN (Taz), required for the synthesis of the phospholipid cardiolipin. BTHS is characterized by heart failure, increased propensity for arrhythmias and a blunted inotropic reserve. Defects in Ca2+-induced Krebs cycle activation contribute to these functional defects, but despite oxidation of pyridine nucleotides, no oxidative stress developed in the heart. Here, we investigated how retrograde signaling pathways orchestrate metabolic rewiring to compensate for mitochondrial defects. In mice with an inducible knockdown (KD) of TAFAZZIN, and in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes, mitochondrial uptake and oxidation of fatty acids was strongly decreased, while glucose uptake was increased. Unbiased transcriptomic analyses revealed that the activation of the eIF2α/ATF4 axis of the integrated stress response upregulates one-carbon metabolism, which diverts glycolytic intermediates towards the biosynthesis of serine and fuels the biosynthesis of glutathione. In addition, strong upregulation of the glutamate/cystine antiporter xCT increases cardiac cystine import required for glutathione synthesis. Increased glutamate uptake facilitates anaplerotic replenishment of the Krebs cycle, sustaining energy production and antioxidative pathways. These data indicate that ATF4-driven rewiring of metabolism compensates for defects in mitochondrial uptake of fatty acids to sustain energy production and antioxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kutschka
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - Italian IRCCS Cardiology Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Christina Wasmus
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ke Xiao
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Clinic Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Oshima
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Clinic Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Fischer
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuela Erk
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Berkan Arslan
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lin Alhasan
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daria Grosser
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina J Ermer
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nickel
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlhaas
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Eberl
- Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Rebs
- Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University Göttingen and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Werner Schmitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- University Göttingen, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Humboldtallee 23, 37072, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Rebirth Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Clinic Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joshua Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Medical Clinic I, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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2
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Fang Y, Li Y, Liang H, Li W, Zhang H. Preparation and Preliminary Evaluation of a Promising 99mTc-Labeled Isonitrile-Containing 6-Thia-Fatty Acid Derivative for Myocardial Metabolism Imaging. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3953-3967. [PMID: 36950862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
For over 40 years, none of the previous 99mTc-labeled fatty acids for myocardial imaging has potential clinical use. 99mTc-(C10-6-thia-CO2H)(MIBI)5 is the first 99mTc-labeled fatty acid to exhibit good myocardial uptake (2.06 ± 0.06%ID/g) at 60 min post injection, high heart-to-liver ratio (6.43 ± 1.85 and 9.68 ± 0.76), high heart-to-lung ratio (9.48 ± 1.39 and 11.02 ± 0.89), and high heart-to-blood ratio (164.01 ± 43.51 and 197.36 ± 32.29) at 60 and 120 min in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, respectively. It also demonstrated excellent myocardial imaging quality. The above target-to-nontarget ratios exceeded those of [123I]BMIPP and were higher than or close to those of 99mTc-MIBI at 60 and 120 min. Most of 99mTc-(C10-6-thia-CO2H)(MIBI)5 was partially β-oxidized to protein-bound metabolites in myocardium. Administration of trimetazidine dihydrochloride (TMZ, a fatty acid β-oxidation inhibitor) to rats caused 51% reduction in the myocardial uptake of 99mTc-(C10-6-thia-CO2H)(MIBI)5 and 61% reduction in the distribution of 99mTc-radioactivity in a residual tissue pellet at 60 min, indicating its considerable sensitivity to myocardial fatty acid β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, No.436 Xian'ge Avenue, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaju Liang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Huabei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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3
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Taubel J, Nelson NR, Bansal A, Curran GL, Wang L, Wang Z, Berg HM, Vernon CJ, Min HK, Larson NB, DeGrado TR, Kandimalla KK, Lowe VJ, Pandey MK. Design, Synthesis, and Preliminary Evaluation of [ 68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Insulin as a PET Probe in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:892-906. [PMID: 35420782 PMCID: PMC9121347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant insulin signaling has been considered one of the risk factors for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and has drawn considerable attention from the research community to further study its role in AD pathophysiology. Herein, we describe the development of an insulin-based novel positron emission tomography (PET) probe, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-insulin, to noninvasively study the role of insulin in AD. The developed PET probe [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-insulin showed a significantly higher uptake (0.396 ± 0.055 SUV) in the AD mouse brain compared to the normal (0.140 ± 0.027 SUV) mouse brain at 5 min post injection and also showed a similar trend at 10, 15, and 20 min post injection. In addition, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-insulin was found to have a differential uptake in various brain regions at 30 min post injection. Among the brain regions, the cortex, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum showed a significantly higher standard uptake value (SUV) of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-insulin in AD mice as compared to normal mice. The inhibition of the insulin receptor (IR) with an insulin receptor antagonist peptide (S961) in normal mice showed a similar brain uptake profile of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-insulin as it was observed in the AD case, suggesting nonfunctional IR in AD and the presence of an alternative insulin uptake route in the absence of a functional IR. The Gjedde-Patlak graphical analysis was also performed to predict the input rate of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-insulin into the brain using MicroPET imaging data and supported the in vivo results. The [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-insulin PET probe was successfully synthesized and evaluated in a mouse model of AD in comparison with [18F]AV1451 and [11C]PIB to noninvasively study the role of insulin in AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillissa
C. Taubel
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Nicholas R. Nelson
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Aditya Bansal
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Geoffrey L. Curran
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Lushan Wang
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zengtao Wang
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Heather M. Berg
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Cynthia J. Vernon
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Nicholas B. Larson
- Department
of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Timothy R. DeGrado
- Department
of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz
Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Karunya K. Kandimalla
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States,
| | - Val J. Lowe
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States,
| | - Mukesh K. Pandey
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States,
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Colombano A, Dall'Angelo S, Kingston L, Grönberg G, Correia C, Passannante R, Baz Z, Morcillo MÁ, Elmore CS, Llop J, Zanda M. 4,4,16-Trifluoropalmitate: Design, Synthesis, Tritiation, Radiofluorination and Preclinical PET Imaging Studies on Myocardial Fatty Acid Oxidation. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2317-2331. [PMID: 32856369 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) produces most of the ATP used to sustain the cardiac contractile work, although glycolysis is a secondary source of ATP under normal physiological conditions. FAO impairment has been reported in the advanced stages of heart failure (HF) and is strongly linked to disease progression and severity. Thus, from a clinical perspective, FAO dysregulation provides prognostic value for HF progression, the assessment of which could be used to improve patient monitoring and the effectiveness of therapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging represents a powerful tool for the assessment and quantification of metabolic pathways in vivo. Several FAO PET tracers have been reported in the literature, but none of them is in routine clinical use yet. Metabolically trapped tracers are particularly interesting because they undergo FAO to generate a radioactive metabolite that is subsequently trapped in the mitochondria, thus providing a quantitative means of measuring FAO in vivo. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, tritium labelling and radiofluorination of 4,4,16-trifluoro-palmitate (1) as a novel potential metabolically trapped FAO tracer. Preliminary PET-CT studies on [18 F]1 in rats showed rapid blood clearance, good metabolic stability - confirmed by using [3 H]1 in vitro - and resistance towards defluorination. However, cardiac uptake in rats was modest (0.24±0.04 % ID/g), and kinetic analysis showed reversible uptake, thus indicating that [18 F]1 is not irreversibly trapped.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Lee Kingston
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Science R&D AstraZeneca, 43183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Grönberg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, 43183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claudia Correia
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, 43183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rossana Passannante
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Zuriñe Baz
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Morcillo
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit, CIEMAT, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Science R&D AstraZeneca, 43183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 182, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Respiratorias - CIBERES, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.,C.N.R.-SCITEC, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy.,Current address: School of Science, Centre for Sensing and Imaging Science, Loughborough University Sir David Davies Building, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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5
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Larkina MS, Ozerskaya AV, Podrezova EV, Belousov MV, Tolmachev V, Zhdankin VV, Yusubov MS. Efficient Synthesis of ω‐[
18
F]Fluoroaliphatic Carboxylic Esters and Acids for Positron Emission Tomography. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia S. Larkina
- Tomsk Polytechnic University 634050 Tomsk Russia
- Siberian State Medical University 634050 Tomsk Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Ozerskaya
- Tomsk Polytechnic University 634050 Tomsk Russia
- Federal Siberian Research Clinical Centre 660037 Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | | | - Mikhail V. Belousov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University 634050 Tomsk Russia
- Siberian State Medical University 634050 Tomsk Russia
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Tomsk Polytechnic University 634050 Tomsk Russia
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University 75185 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Viktor V. Zhdankin
- Tomsk Polytechnic University 634050 Tomsk Russia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Minnesota Duluth Duluth Mineesota USA
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Pandey MK, Jacobson MS, Groth EK, Tran NG, Lowe VJ, DeGrado TR. Radiation induced oxidation of [ 18F]fluorothia fatty acids under cGMP manufacturing conditions. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 80-81:13-23. [PMID: 31759313 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of the present work were to optimize and validate the synthesis and stability of 14(R,S)-[18F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid ([18F]FTHA) and 16-[18F]fluoro-4-thia-palmitic acid ([18F]FTP) under cGMP conditions for clinical applications. METHODS Benzyl-14-(R,S)-tosyloxy-6-thiaheptadecanoate and methyl 16-bromo-4-thia-palmitate were used as precursors for the synthesis of [18F]FTHA and [18F]FTP, respectively. For comparison, a fatty acid analog lacking a thia-substitution, 16-[18F]fluoro-palmitic acid ([18F]FP), was synthesized from the precursor methyl 16-bromo-palmitate. A standard nucleophilic reaction using cryptand (Kryptofix/K222, 8.1 mg), potassium carbonate (K2CO3, 4.0 mg) and 18F-fluoride were employed for the 18F-labeling and potassium hydroxide (0.8 M) was used for the post-labeling ester hydrolysis. The final products were purified via reverse phase semi-preparative HPLC and concentrated via trap and release on a C-18 plus solid phase extraction cartridge. The radiochemical purities of the [18F]fluorothia fatty acids and [18F]FP were examined over a period of 4 h post-synthesis using an analytical HPLC. All the syntheses were optimized in an automated TRACERlab FX-N Pro synthesizer. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was employed to study the identity and nature of side products formed during radiosynthesis and as a consequence of post-synthesis radiation induced oxidation. RESULTS Radiosyntheses of [18F]FTHA, [18F]FTP and [18F]FP were achieved in moderate (8-20% uncorrected) yields. However, it was observed that the HPLC-purified [18F]fluorothia fatty acids, [18F]FTHA and [18F]FTP at higher radioactivity concentrations (>1.11 GBq/mL, 30 mCi/mL) underwent formation of 18F-labeled side products over time but [18F]FP (lacking a sulfur heteroatom) remained stable up to 4 h post-synthesis. Various radiation protectors like ethanol and ascorbic acid were examined to minimize the formation of side products formed during [18F]FTHA and [18F]FTP synthesis but showed only limited to no effect. Analysis of the side products by LCMS showed formation of sulfoxides of both [18F]FTHA and [18F]FTP. The identity of the sulfoxide side product was further confirmed by synthesizing a non-radioactive reference standard of the sulfoxide analog of FTP and matching retention times on HPLC and molecular ion peaks on LC/HRMS. Radiation-induced oxidation of the sulfur heteroatom was mitigated by dilution of product with isotonic saline to reduce the radioactivity concentration to <0.518 GBq/mL (14 mCi/mL). CONCLUSIONS Successful automated synthesis of [18F]fluorothia fatty acids were carried out in cGMP facility for their routine production and clinical applications. Instability of [18F]fluorothia fatty acids were observed at radioactivity concentrations exceeding 1.11 GBq/mL (30 mCi/mL) but mitigated through dilution of the product to <0.518 GBq/mL (14 mCi/mL). The identities of the side products formed were established as the sulfoxides of the respective thia fatty acids caused by radiation-induced oxidation of the sulfur heteroatom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh K Pandey
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906, United States of America.
| | - Mark S Jacobson
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906, United States of America
| | - Emily K Groth
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906, United States of America
| | - Natalie G Tran
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906, United States of America
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906, United States of America
| | - Timothy R DeGrado
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906, United States of America.
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7
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Arlauckas SP, Browning EA, Poptani H, Delikatny EJ. Imaging of cancer lipid metabolism in response to therapy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4070. [PMID: 31107583 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipids represent a diverse array of molecules essential to the cell's structure, defense, energy, and communication. Lipid metabolism can often become dysregulated during tumor development. During cancer therapy, targeted inhibition of cell proliferation can likewise cause widespread and drastic changes in lipid composition. Molecular imaging techniques have been developed to monitor altered lipid profiles as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and treatment response. For decades, MRS has been the dominant non-invasive technique for studying lipid metabolite levels. Recent insights into the oncogenic transformations driving changes in lipid metabolism have revealed new mechanisms and signaling molecules that can be exploited using optical imaging, mass spectrometry imaging, and positron emission tomography. These novel imaging modalities have provided researchers with a diverse toolbox to examine changes in lipids in response to a wide array of anticancer strategies including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, signal transduction inhibitors, gene therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these strategies. The understanding of lipid metabolism in response to cancer therapy continues to evolve as each therapeutic method emerges, and this review seeks to summarize the current field and areas of unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Philip Arlauckas
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Mass General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Anne Browning
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harish Poptani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Edward James Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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A Novel Substrate Radiotracer for Molecular Imaging of SIRT2 Expression and Activity with Positron Emission Tomography. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:594-604. [PMID: 29423902 PMCID: PMC6816246 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a SIRT2-specific substrate-type radiotracer for non-invasive PET imaging of epigenetic regulatory processes mediated by SIRT2 in normal and disease tissues. PROCEDURES A library of compounds containing tert-butyloxycarbonyl-lysine-aminomethylcoumarin backbone was derivatized with fluoroalkyl chains 3-16 carbons in length. SIRT2 most efficiently cleaved the myristoyl, followed by 12-fluorododecanoic and 10-fluorodecanoic groups (Kcat/Km 716.5 ± 72.8, 615.4 ± 50.5, 269.5 ± 52.1/s mol, respectively). Radiosynthesis of 12- [18F]fluorododecanoic aminohexanoicanilide (12-[18F]DDAHA) was achieved by nucleophilic radiofluorination of 12-iododecanoic-AHA precursor. RESULTS A significantly higher accumulation of 12-[18F]DDAHA was observed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435 cells in vitro as compared to U87, MiaPaCa, and MCF10A, which was consistent with levels of SIRT2 expression. Initial in vivo studies using 12-[18F]DDAHA conducted in a 9L glioma-bearing rats were discouraging, due to rapid defluorination of this radiotracer upon intravenous administration, as evidenced by significant accumulation of F-18 radioactivity in the skull and other bones, which confounded the interpretation of images of radiotracer accumulation within the tumor and other regions of the brain. CONCLUSIONS The next generation of SIRT2-specific radiotracers resistant to systemic defluorination should be developed using alternative sites of radiofluorination on the aliphatic chain of DDAHA. A SIRT2-selective radiotracer may provide information about SIRT2 expression and activity in tumors and normal organs and tissues, which may help to better understand the roles of SIRT2 in different diseases.
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9
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DeGrado TR, Pandey MK, Belanger AP, Basuli F, Bansal A, Wang S. Noninvasive evaluation of fat-carbohydrate metabolic switching in heart and contracting skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E251-E259. [PMID: 30512988 PMCID: PMC6397361 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00323.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of heart and skeletal muscle (SM) to switch between fat and carbohydrate oxidation is of high interest in the study of metabolic diseases and exercise physiology. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the glucose analog 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose (18F-FDG) provides a noninvasive means to quantitate glucose metabolic rates. However, evaluation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) rates by PET has been limited by the lack of a suitable FAO probe. We have developed a metabolically trapped oleate analog, ( Z)-18-[18F]fluoro-4-thia-octadec-9-enoate (18F-FTO), and investigated the feasibility of using 18F-FTO and 18F-FDG to measure FAO and glucose uptake, respectively, in heart and SM of rats in vivo. To enhance the metabolic rates in SM, the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle was electrically stimulated in fasted rats for 30 min before and 30 min following radiotracer injection. The responses of radiotracer uptake patterns to pharmacological inhibition of FAO were assessed by pretreatment of the rats with the carnitine palmitoyl-transferase-1 (CPT-1) inhibitor sodium 2-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-pentyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate (POCA). Small-animal PET images and biodistribution data with 18F-FTO and 18F-FDG demonstrated profound metabolic switching for energy provision in the myocardium from exogenous fatty acids to glucose in control and CPT-1-inhibited rats, respectively. Uptake of both radiotracers was low in unstimulated SM. In stimulated VL muscle, 18F-FTO and 18F-FDG uptakes were increased 4.4- and 28-fold, respectively, and CPT-1 inhibition only affected 18F-FTO uptake (66% decrease). 18F-FTO is a FAO-dependent PET probe that may allow assessment of energy substrate metabolic switching in conjunction with 18F-FDG and other metabolic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R DeGrado
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mukesh K Pandey
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Falguni Basuli
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aditya Bansal
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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Wu X, Wang P, Liu R, Zeng H, Chao F, Liu H, Xu C, Hou H, Yao Q. Development of 11C-Labeled ω-sulfhydryl fatty acid tracer for myocardial imaging with PET. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1657-1666. [PMID: 29133057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
[11C]-S-methyl-16-thiopalmitic acid (a) was developed with excellent heart-to-background uptake ratios and higher retention in heart. Myocardial uptake and metabolism of the tracer is markedly higher CPT I dependent. When compared to [11C]-S-methyl-14-thiomyristic acid (b), [11C]-S-methyl-12-thiododecanoic acid (c) and [11C]-palmitate, a showed an early high uptake and a significantly slower late clearance in heart and a prolonged myocardial elimination half-life (30 min). Analysis of heart tissue and urine samples showed that a was metabolized via beta-oxidation in myocardium. Small animal PET images of the accumulation of a in the rat myocardium were clearly superior to [11C]-palmitate. These initial studies suggest that a could be a potentially useful clinical PET tracer to assess myocardial fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Wu
- Chinese Medicine Immunology Laboratory, Science and Technology Department, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Peizhi Wang
- Chinese Medicine Immunology Laboratory, Science and Technology Department, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Chinese Medicine Immunology Laboratory, Science and Technology Department, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Huahui Zeng
- Chinese Medicine Immunology Laboratory, Science and Technology Department, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Fangfang Chao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Caiyun Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Haifeng Hou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Qiong Yao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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11
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Simcox J, Geoghegan G, Maschek JA, Bensard CL, Pasquali M, Miao R, Lee S, Jiang L, Huck I, Kershaw EE, Donato AJ, Apte U, Longo N, Rutter J, Schreiber R, Zechner R, Cox J, Villanueva CJ. Global Analysis of Plasma Lipids Identifies Liver-Derived Acylcarnitines as a Fuel Source for Brown Fat Thermogenesis. Cell Metab 2017; 26:509-522.e6. [PMID: 28877455 PMCID: PMC5658052 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cold-induced thermogenesis is an energy-demanding process that protects endotherms against a reduction in ambient temperature. Using non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, we identified elevated levels of plasma acylcarnitines in response to the cold. We found that the liver undergoes a metabolic switch to provide fuel for brown fat thermogenesis by producing acylcarnitines. Cold stimulates white adipocytes to release free fatty acids that activate the nuclear receptor HNF4α, which is required for acylcarnitine production in the liver and adaptive thermogenesis. Once in circulation, acylcarnitines are transported to brown adipose tissue, while uptake into white adipose tissue and liver is blocked. Finally, a bolus of L-carnitine or palmitoylcarnitine rescues the cold sensitivity seen with aging. Our data highlight an elegant mechanism whereby white adipose tissue provides long-chain fatty acids for hepatic carnitilation to generate plasma acylcarnitines as a fuel source for peripheral tissues in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Gisela Geoghegan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - John Alan Maschek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Claire L Bensard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Marzia Pasquali
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ren Miao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lei Jiang
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ian Huck
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Nicola Longo
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - James Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Claudio J Villanueva
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Imaging of myocardial fatty acid oxidation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1535-43. [PMID: 26923433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial fuel selection is a key feature of the health and function of the heart, with clear links between myocardial function and fuel selection and important impacts of fuel selection on ischemia tolerance. Radiopharmaceuticals provide uniquely valuable tools for in vivo, non-invasive assessment of these aspects of cardiac function and metabolism. Here we review the landscape of imaging probes developed to provide non-invasive assessment of myocardial fatty acid oxidation (MFAO). Also, we review the state of current knowledge that myocardial fatty acid imaging has helped establish of static and dynamic fuel selection that characterizes cardiac and cardiometabolic disease and the interplay between fuel selection and various aspects of cardiac function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
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Kumar A, Khan A, Malhotra S, Mosurkal R, Dhawan A, Pandey MK, Singh BK, Kumar R, Prasad AK, Sharma SK, Samuelson LA, Cholli AL, Len C, Richards NGJ, Kumar J, Haag R, Watterson AC, Parmar VS. Synthesis of macromolecular systems via lipase catalyzed biocatalytic reactions: applications and future perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:6855-6887. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00147e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the application of lipases in the synthesis of pharmaceutically important small molecules and polymers for diverse applications.
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Cai Z, Mason NS, Anderson CJ, Edwards WB. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of an 18 F-labeled oleic acid analog for PET imaging of fatty acid uptake and metabolism. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:108-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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15
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Pandey MK, DeGrado TR, Qian K, Jacobson MS, Hagen CE, Duclos RI, Gatley SJ. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of N-(16-18F-fluorohexadecanoyl)ethanolamine (18F-FHEA) as a PET probe of N-acylethanolamine metabolism in mouse brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:793-802. [PMID: 25003845 DOI: 10.1021/cn400214j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Acylethanolamines are lipid signaling molecules found throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. The best-known mammalian compound of this class is anandamide, N-arachidonoylethanolamine, one of the endogenous ligands of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. Signaling by N-acylethanolamines is terminated by release of the ethanolamine moiety by hydrolyzing enzymes such as fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing amidase (NAAA). Herein, we report the design and synthesis of N-(16-(18)F-fluorohexadecanoyl)ethanolamine ((18)F-FHEA) as a positron emission tomography (PET) probe for imaging the activity of N-acylethanolamine hydrolyzing enzymes in the brain. Following intravenous administration of (18)F-FHEA in Swiss Webster mice, (18)F-FHEA was extracted from blood by the brain and underwent hydrolysis at the amide bond and incorporation of the resultant (18)F-fluorofatty acid into complex lipid pools. Pretreatment of mice with the FAAH inhibitor URB-597 (1 mg/kg IP) resulted in significantly slower (18)F-FHEA incorporation into lipid pools, but overall (18)F concentrations in brain regions were not altered. Likewise, pretreatment with a NAAA inhibitor, (S)-N-(2-oxo-3-oxytanyl)biphenyl-4-carboxamide (30 mg/kg IV), did not significantly affect the uptake of (18)F-FHEA in the brain. Although evidence was found that (18)F-FHEA behaves as a substrate of FAAH in the brain, the lack of sensitivity of brain uptake kinetics to FAAH inhibition discourages its use as a metabolically trapped PET probe of N-acylethanolamine hydrolyzing enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh K. Pandey
- Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Timothy R. DeGrado
- Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kun Qian
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | | | - Richard I. Duclos
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - S. John Gatley
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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