1
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Goodman HJ, Szabò LZ, Sugerman SM, Myloserdnyy A, Polt R. Design and synthesis of oxytocin glycosides for the treatment of pain and substance use disorder. Methods Enzymol 2024; 698:343-359. [PMID: 38886038 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Peptide drugs are a promising alternative to classical small molecule therapeutics with diverse applications, ranging from antibiotic resistant infection to prostate cancer. Oxytocin (OT) is a highly evolutionarily conserved peptide neurohormone and has been of interest for pharmaceutical use since 1909. Despite their increased safety profile relative to most small molecule drugs, peptides are poor candidates based on the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties from their peptide nature. Broad application of OT as a drug has been limited by these same PK issues. Several strategies have been proposed to overcome these limitations, among them glycosylation, which was used in combination with other sequence modifications to produce robust antinociception in mouse models, increased selectivity and potency at the OT receptor, and improved stability in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Goodman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lajos Z Szabò
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Samuel M Sugerman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Andriy Myloserdnyy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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2
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Sulaiman MI, Alabsi W, Szabo L, Hay M, Polt R, Largent-Milnes TM, Vanderah TW. PNA6, a Lactosyl Analogue of Angiotensin-(1-7), Reverses Pain Induced in Murine Models of Inflammation, Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy, and Metastatic Bone Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15007. [PMID: 37834455 PMCID: PMC10573977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is the most significant impairment and debilitating challenge for patients with bone metastasis. Therefore, the primary objective of current therapy is to mitigate and prevent the persistence of pain. Thus, cancer-induced bone pain is described as a multifaceted form of discomfort encompassing both inflammatory and neuropathic elements. We have developed a novel non-addictive pain therapeutic, PNA6, that is a derivative of the peptide Angiotensin-(1-7) and binds the Mas receptor to decrease inflammation-related cancer pain. In the present study, we provide evidence that PNA6 attenuates inflammatory, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and cancer pain confined to the long bones, exhibiting longer-lasting efficacious therapeutic effects. PNA6, Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Ser-(O-β-Lact)-amide, was successfully synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). PNA6 significantly reversed inflammatory pain induced by 2% carrageenan in mice. A second murine model of platinum drug-induced painful peripheral neuropathy was established using oxaliplatin. Mice in the oxaliplatin-vehicle treatment groups demonstrated significant mechanical allodynia compared to the oxaliplatin-PNA6 treatment group mice. In a third study modeling a complex pain state, E0771 breast adenocarcinoma cells were implanted into the femur of female C57BL/6J wild-type mice to induce cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP). Both acute and chronic dosing of PNA6 significantly reduced the spontaneous pain behaviors associated with CIBP. These data suggest that PNA6 is a viable lead candidate for treating chronic inflammatory and complex neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha I. Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (M.I.S.); (T.M.L.-M.)
| | - Wafaa Alabsi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (W.A.); (L.S.); (R.P.)
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Lajos Szabo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (W.A.); (L.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Meredith Hay
- The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (W.A.); (L.S.); (R.P.)
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Tally M. Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (M.I.S.); (T.M.L.-M.)
- Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Todd W. Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (M.I.S.); (T.M.L.-M.)
- Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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3
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Synthesis of alamandine glycoside analogs as new drug candidates to antagonize the MrgD receptor for pain relief. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Apostol CR, Bernard K, Tanguturi P, Molnar G, Bartlett MJ, Szabò L, Liu C, Ortiz JB, Saber M, Giordano KR, Green TRF, Melvin J, Morrison HW, Madhavan L, Rowe RK, Streicher JM, Heien ML, Falk T, Polt R. Design and Synthesis of Brain Penetrant Glycopeptide Analogues of PACAP With Neuroprotective Potential for Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinsonism. FRONTIERS IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 1. [PMID: 35237767 PMCID: PMC8887546 DOI: 10.3389/fddsv.2021.818003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is an unmet clinical need for curative therapies to treat neurodegenerative disorders. Most mainstay treatments currently on the market only alleviate specific symptoms and do not reverse disease progression. The Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), an endogenous neuropeptide hormone, has been extensively studied as a potential regenerative therapeutic. PACAP is widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and exerts its neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects via the related Class B GPCRs PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2, at which the hormone shows roughly equal activity. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) also activates these receptors, and this close analogue of PACAP has also shown to promote neuronal survival in various animal models of acute and progressive neurodegenerative diseases. However, PACAP's poor pharmacokinetic profile (non-linear PK/PD), and more importantly its limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability has hampered development of this peptide as a therapeutic. We have demonstrated that glycosylation of PACAP and related peptides promotes penetration of the BBB and improves PK properties while retaining efficacy and potency in the low nanomolar range at its target receptors. Furthermore, judicious structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed key motifs that can be modulated to afford compounds with diverse selectivity profiles. Most importantly, we have demonstrated that select PACAP glycopeptide analogues (2LS80Mel and 2LS98Lac) exert potent neuroprotective effects and anti-inflammatory activity in animal models of traumatic brain injury and in a mild-toxin lesion model of Parkinson's disease, highlighting glycosylation as a viable strategy for converting endogenous peptides into robust and efficacious drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Apostol
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kelsey Bernard
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Physiological Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Gabriella Molnar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Mitchell J Bartlett
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lajos Szabò
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - J Bryce Ortiz
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Phoenix Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Maha Saber
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Katherine R Giordano
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Phoenix Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Tabitha R F Green
- Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - James Melvin
- Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Helena W Morrison
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lalitha Madhavan
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Physiological Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rachel K Rowe
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Michael L Heien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Torsten Falk
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Physiological Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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5
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Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, In Vitro 2D/3D Human Cell Culture, and In Vitro Aerosol Dispersion Performance of Advanced Spray Dried and Co-Spray Dried Angiotensin (1-7) Peptide and PNA5 with Trehalose as Microparticles/Nanoparticles for Targeted Respiratory Delivery as Dry Powder Inhalers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081278. [PMID: 34452239 PMCID: PMC8398878 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptide hormone Angiotensin (1—7), Ang (1—7) or (Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro), is an essential component of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) peripherally and is an agonist of the Mas receptor centrally. Activation of this receptor in the CNS stimulates various biological activities that make the Ang (1—7)/MAS axis a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of many diseases. The related O-linked glycopeptide, Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Ser-(O-β-D-Glc)-amide (PNA5), is a biousian revision of the native peptide hormone Ang (1—7) and shows enhanced stability in vivo and greater levels of brain penetration. We have synthesized the native Ang (1—7) peptide and the glycopeptide, PNA5, and have formulated them for targeted respiratory delivery as inhalable dry powders. Solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) successfully produced Ang (1—7) and PNA5. Measurements of solubility and lipophilicity of raw Ang (1—7) and raw PNA5 using experimental and computational approaches confirmed that both the peptide and glycopeptide have high-water solubility and are amphipathic. Advanced organic solution spray drying was used to engineer the particles and produce spray-dried powders (SD) of both the peptide and the glycopeptide, as well as co-spray-dried powders (co-SD) with the non-reducing sugar and pharmaceutical excipient, trehalose. The native peptide, glycopeptide, SD, and co-SD powders were comprehensively characterized, and exhibited distinct glass transitions (Tg) consistent with the amorphous glassy state formation with Tgs that are compatible with use in vivo. The homogeneous particles displayed small sizes in the nanometer size range and low residual water content in the solid-state. Excellent aerosol dispersion performance with a human DPI device was demonstrated. In vitro human cell viability assays showed that Ang (1—7) and PNA5 are biocompatible and safe for different human respiratory and brain cells.
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6
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Apostol CR, Tanguturi P, Szabò LZ, Varela D, Gilmartin T, Streicher JM, Polt R. Synthesis and In Vitro Characterization of Glycopeptide Drug Candidates Related to PACAP 1-23. Molecules 2021; 26:4932. [PMID: 34443519 PMCID: PMC8401035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for efficacious treatment of neurodegenerative and progressive neuroinflammatory diseases continues, as current therapies are unable to halt or reverse disease progression. PACAP represents one potential therapeutic that provides neuroprotection effects on neurons, and also modulates inflammatory responses and circulation within the brain. However, PACAP is a relatively long peptide hormone that is not trivial to synthesize. Based on previous observations that the shortened isoform PACAP1-23 is capable of inducing neuroprotection in vitro, we were inspired to synthesize shortened glycopeptide analogues of PACAP1-23. Herein, we report the synthesis and in vitro characterization of glycosylated PACAP1-23 analogues that interact strongly with the PAC1 and VPAC1 receptors, while showing reduced activity at the VPAC2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Apostol
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (C.R.A.); (L.Z.S.)
| | - Parthasaradhireddy Tanguturi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (P.T.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Lajos Z. Szabò
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (C.R.A.); (L.Z.S.)
| | - Daniel Varela
- Facultat de Quìmica Tarragona, Universitat Rovera I Virgili, 43007 Barcelona, Spain; (D.V.); (T.G.)
| | - Thiago Gilmartin
- Facultat de Quìmica Tarragona, Universitat Rovera I Virgili, 43007 Barcelona, Spain; (D.V.); (T.G.)
| | - John M. Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (P.T.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (C.R.A.); (L.Z.S.)
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7
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Alabsi W, Al-Obeidi FA, Polt R, Mansour HM. Organic Solution Advanced Spray-Dried Microparticulate/Nanoparticulate Dry Powders of Lactomorphin for Respiratory Delivery: Physicochemical Characterization, In Vitro Aerosol Dispersion, and Cellular Studies. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:E26. [PMID: 33375607 PMCID: PMC7824383 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to formulate Lactomorphin (MMP2200) in its pure state as spray-dried(SD) powders, and with the excipient Trehalose as co-spray-dried(co-SD) powders; for intranasal and deep lung administration with Dry Powder Inhalers (DPI). Lactomorphin is a glycopeptide which was developed for the control of moderate to severe pain. Particles were rationally designed and produced by advanced spray drying particle engineering in a closed mode from a dilute organic solution. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization using different analytical techniques was carried out to analyze the particle size, particle morphology, particle surface morphology, solid-state transitions, crystallinity/non-crystallinity, and residual water content. The particle chemical composition was confirmed using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and Confocal Raman Microscopy (CRM) confirmed the particles' chemical homogeneity. The solubility and Partition coefficient (LogP) of Lactomorphin were determined by the analytical and computational methodology and revealed the hydrophilicity of Lactomorphin. A thermal degradation study was performed by exposing samples of solid-state Lactomorphin to a high temperature (62 °C) combined with zero relative humidity (RH) and to a high temperature (62 °C) combined with a high RH (75%) to evaluate the stability of Lactomorphin under these two different conditions. The solid-state processed particles exhibited excellent aerosol dispersion performance with an FDA-approved human DPI device to reach lower airways. The cell viability resazurin assay showed that Lactomorphin is safe up to 1000 μg/mL on nasal epithelium cells, lung cells, endothelial, and astrocyte brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Alabsi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (W.A.); (F.A.A.-O.); (R.P.)
- College of Pharmacy, Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Fahad A. Al-Obeidi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (W.A.); (F.A.A.-O.); (R.P.)
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (W.A.); (F.A.A.-O.); (R.P.)
| | - Heidi M. Mansour
- College of Pharmacy, Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- College of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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8
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Apostol CR, Hay M, Polt R. Glycopeptide drugs: A pharmacological dimension between "Small Molecules" and "Biologics". Peptides 2020; 131:170369. [PMID: 32673700 PMCID: PMC7448947 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are an important class of molecules with diverse biological activities. Many endogenous peptides, especially neuropeptides and peptide hormones, play critical roles in development and regulating homeostasis. Furthermore, as drug candidates their high receptor selectivity and potent binding leads to reduced off-target interactions and potential negative side effects. However, the therapeutic potential of peptides is severely hampered by their poor stability in vivo and low permeability across biological membranes. Several strategies have been successfully employed over the decades to address these concerns, and one of the most promising strategies is glycosylation. It has been demonstrated in numerous cases that glycosylation is an effective synthetic approach to improve the pharmacokinetic profiles and membrane permeability of peptides. The effects of glycosylation on peptide stability and peptide-membrane interactions in the context of blood-brain barrier penetration will be explored. Numerous examples of glycosylated analogues of endogenous peptides targeting class A and B G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with an emphasis on O-linked glycopeptides will be reviewed. Notable examples of N-, S-, and C-linked glycopeptides will also be discussed. A small section is devoted to synthetic methods for the preparation of glycopeptides and requisite amino acid glycoside building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Apostol
- Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Meredith Hay
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Dept. of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Robin Polt
- Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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9
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Olson KM, Lei W, Keresztes A, LaVigne J, Streicher JM. Novel Molecular Strategies and Targets for Opioid Drug Discovery for the Treatment of Chronic Pain. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 90:97-110. [PMID: 28356897 PMCID: PMC5369049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Opioid drugs like morphine and fentanyl are the gold standard for treating moderate to severe acute and chronic pain. However, opioid drug use can be limited by serious side effects, including constipation, tolerance, respiratory suppression, and addiction. For more than 100 years, we have tried to develop opioids that decrease or eliminate these liabilities, with little success. Recent advances in understanding opioid receptor signal transduction have suggested new possibilities to activate the opioid receptors to cause analgesia, while reducing or eliminating unwanted side effects. These new approaches include designing functionally selective ligands, which activate desired signaling cascades while avoiding signaling cascades that are thought to provoke side effects. It may also be possible to directly modulate downstream signaling through the use of selective activators and inhibitors. Separate from downstream signal transduction, it has also been found that when the opioid system is stimulated, various negative feedback systems are upregulated to compensate, which can drive side effects. This has led to the development of multi-functional molecules that simultaneously activate the opioid receptor while blocking various negative feedback receptor systems including cholecystokinin and neurokinin-1. Other novel approaches include targeting heterodimers of the opioid and other receptor systems which may drive side effects, and making endogenous opioid peptides druggable, which may also reduce opioid mediated side effects. Taken together, these advances in our molecular understanding provide a path forward to break the barrier in producing an opioid with reduced or eliminated side effects, especially addiction, which may provide relief for millions of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M. Olson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Attila Keresztes
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Justin LaVigne
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - John M. Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: John M. Streicher, Ph.D., University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Life Sciences North 563, Box 245050, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, 520-626-7495,
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10
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants). This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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11
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Lefever M, Li Y, Anglin B, Muthu D, Giuvelis D, Lowery JJ, Knapp BI, Bidlack JM, Bilsky EJ, Polt R. Structural Requirements for CNS Active Opioid Glycopeptides. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5728-41. [PMID: 26125201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycopeptides related to β-endorphin penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of mice to produce antinociception. Two series of glycopeptides were assessed for opioid receptor binding affinity. Attempts to alter the mu-selectivity of [D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO)-related glycopeptides by altering the charged residues of the amphipathic helical address were unsuccessful. A series of pan-agonists was evaluated for antinociceptive activity (55 °C tail flick) in mice. A flexible linker was required to maintain antinociceptive activity. Circular dichroism (CD) in H2O, trifluoroethanol (TFE), and SDS micelles confirmed the importance of the amphipathic helices (11s → 11sG → 11) for antinociception. The glycosylated analogues showed only nascent helices and random coil conformations in H2O. Chemical shift indices (CSI) and nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE) with 600 MHz NMR and CD confirmed helical structures in micelles, which were rationalized by molecular dynamics calculations. Antinociceptive studies with mice confirm that these glycosylated endorphin analogues are potential drug candidates that penetrate the BBB to produce potent central effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lefever
- †Carl S. Marvel Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Yingxue Li
- †Carl S. Marvel Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Bobbi Anglin
- †Carl S. Marvel Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Dhanasekaran Muthu
- †Carl S. Marvel Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Denise Giuvelis
- §Department of Biomedical Sciences, COM and Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, Maine 04005, United States
| | - John J Lowery
- §Department of Biomedical Sciences, COM and Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, Maine 04005, United States
| | - Brian I Knapp
- ‡Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York 14642-8711, United States
| | - Jean M Bidlack
- ‡Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York 14642-8711, United States
| | - Edward J Bilsky
- §Department of Biomedical Sciences, COM and Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, Maine 04005, United States
| | - Robin Polt
- †Carl S. Marvel Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Abstract
Naturally occurring glycopeptides and glycoproteins play important roles in biological processes. Glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications in vivo. Glycopeptides are involved in cell signaling and sorting, providing cell surface markers for recognition. From the drug design and synthesis perspective, modification of a peptide through glycosylation results in increased bioavailability and bioactivity of glycopeptides in living systems with negligible toxicity of degradation products. Glycopeptide synthesis can be accomplished through incorporation of a glycosylated amino acid in solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) to form the desired peptide, or via incorporation of sugar-amino acid moieties. Additionally, research indicates that glycosylation increases penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by peptides, which may lead to novel therapeutics for neurological disorders. Recent applications of glycopeptides have focused on the in vivo central nervous system (CNS) effects after peripheral administration of centrally active peptides modified with various carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Jones
- Robin Polt Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robin Polt
- Robin Polt Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona Tucson, AZ, USA
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Rational Approach to the Design of Bioactive Peptidomimetics: Recent Developments in Opioid Agonist Peptides. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63462-7.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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