1
|
Asakawa N, Oharaseki T, Yokouchi Y, Miura N, Ohno N, Takahashi K. A pathological study on the efficacy of Syk inhibitors in a Candida albicans-induced aortic root vasculitis murine model. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024; 72:107669. [PMID: 38866089 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of innate immunity may be involved in the development of Candida albicans-induced murine vasculitis, which resembles Kawasaki disease (KD) vasculitis. This study aimed to histologically clarify the time course of the development of vasculitis in this model in detail and to estimate the potential role of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitors in KD vasculitis. METHODS AND RESULTS DBA/2 male mice were intraperitoneally injected with a vasculitis-inducing substance and treated with a Syk inhibitor (R788 or GS-9973). Systemic vasculitis, especially in the aortic annulus area, was histologically evaluated. Regarding lesions in the aortic annulus area, some mice in the untreated control group already showed initiation of vasculitis 1 day after the final injection of a vasculitis-inducing substance. The vasculitis expanded over time. Inflammation occurred more frequently at the aortic root than at the coronary artery. The distribution of inflammatory cells was limited to the intima, intima plus adventitia, or all layers. In the Syk inhibitor-treated groups, only one mouse had vasculitis at all observation periods. The severity and area of the vasculitis were reduced by both Syk inhibitors. CONCLUSION Candida albicans-induced murine vasculitis may occur within 1 day after the injection of a vasculitis-inducing substance. Additionally, Syk inhibitors suppress murine vasculitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Asakawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology (Ohashi), Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-22-36, Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Oharaseki
- Department of Surgical Pathology (Ohashi), Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-22-36, Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| | - Yuki Yokouchi
- Department of Surgical Pathology (Ohashi), Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-22-36, Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| | - Noriko Miura
- Center for the Advance of Pharmaceutical Education, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Department of Surgical Pathology (Ohashi), Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-22-36, Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vikár S, Szilveszter KP, Koszorú K, Sárdy M, Mócsai A. The Syk Inhibitor Entospletinib Abolishes Dermal-Epidermal Separation in a Fully Human Ex Vivo Model of Bullous Pemphigoid. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1733-1742. [PMID: 38296021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoantibody-mediated blistering skin disease characterized by local inflammation and dermal-epidermal separation, with no approved targeted therapy. The Syk tyrosine kinase is critical for various functions of the immune response. Second-generation Syk inhibitors such as entospletinib are currently being tested for hematological malignancies. Our aim was to test the effect of entospletinib in a fully human model system of BP. Incubating BP serum-treated human frozen skin sections with normal human granulocytes and fresh plasma triggered dermal-epidermal separation that was dependent on complement, NADPH oxidase, and protease activity. Entospletinib dramatically reduced dermal-epidermal separation with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of ≈16 nM. Entospletinib also reduced ROS production, granule release, and spreading of human granulocytes plated on immobilized immune complexes consisting either of a generic antigen-antibody pair or of recombinant collagen type XVII (BPAg2) and BP serum components (supposedly autoantibodies). However, entospletinib did not affect the chemotactic migration of human granulocytes or their responses to nonphysiological stimulation by phorbol esters. Entospletinib had no effect on the survival of granulocytes either. Taken together, entospletinib abrogates dermal-epidermal separation, likely through inhibition of granulocyte responsiveness to deposited immune complexes. Entospletinib or other Syk inhibitors may provide therapeutic benefits in BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vikár
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata P Szilveszter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kamilla Koszorú
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sárdy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HUN-REN-SU Inflammation Physiology Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Capener JL, Vasta JD, Katis VL, Michaud A, Beck MT, Daglish SCD, Cohen-Kedar S, Barda ES, Howell S, Dotan I, Robers MB, Axtman AD, Bashore FM. Development of SYK NanoBRET Cellular Target Engagement Assays for Gain-of-Function Variants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.598544. [PMID: 38915605 PMCID: PMC11195201 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated by phosphorylation events downstream of FcR, B-cell and T-cell receptors, integrins, and C-type lectin receptors. When the tandem Src homology 2 (SH2) domains of SYK bind to phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (pITAMs) contained within these immunoreceptors, or when SYK is phosphorylated in interdomain regions A and B, SYK is activated. SYK gain-of-function (GoF) variants were previously identified in six patients that had higher levels of phosphorylated SYK and phosphorylated downstream proteins JNK and ERK. Furthermore, the increased SYK activation resulted in the clinical manifestation of immune dysregulation, organ inflammation, and a predisposition for lymphoma. The knowledge that the SYK GoF variants have enhanced activity was leveraged to develop a SYK NanoBRET cellular target engagement assay in intact live cells with constructs for the SYK GoF variants. Herein, we developed a potent SYK-targeted NanoBRET tracer using a SYK donated chemical probe, MRL-SYKi, that enabled a NanoBRET cellular target engagement assay for SYK GoF variants, SYK(S550Y), SYK(S550F), and SYK(P342T). We determined that ATP-competitive SYK inhibitors bind potently to these SYK variants in intact live cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that MRL-SYKi can effectively reduce the catalytic activity of SYK variants, and the phosphorylation levels of SYK(S550Y) in an epithelial cell line (SW480) stably expressing SYK(S550Y).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L. Capener
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James D. Vasta
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Vittorio L. Katis
- ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Ani Michaud
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Michael T. Beck
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Sabrina C. D. Daglish
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sarit Cohen-Kedar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Shaham Barda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Stefanie Howell
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Iris Dotan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Alison D. Axtman
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Frances M. Bashore
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qian B, Lu R, Mao S, Chen Y, Yang M, Zhang W, Zhang M, Zhu D, Liu Z, Zen K, Li L. Podocyte SIRPα reduction aggravates lupus nephritis via promoting T cell inflammatory responses. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114249. [PMID: 38758648 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) has recently been found to be highly expressed in podocytes and is essential for maintaining podocyte function. However, its immunoregulatory function in podocytes remains elusive. Here, we report that SIRPα controls podocyte antigen presentation in specific T cell activation via inhibiting spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) phosphorylation. First, podocyte SIRPα under lupus nephritis (LN) conditions is strongly downregulated. Second, podocyte-specific deletion of SIRPα exacerbates renal disease progression in lupus-prone mice, as evidenced by an increase in T cell infiltration. Third, SIRPα deletion or knockdown enhances podocyte antigen presentation, which activates specific T cells, via enhancing Syk phosphorylation. Supporting this, Syk inhibitor GS-9973 prevents podocyte antigen presentation, resulting in a decrease of T cell activation and mitigation of renal disease caused by SIRPα knockdown or deletion. Our findings reveal an immunoregulatory role of SIRPα loss in promoting podocyte antigen presentation to activate specific T cell immune responses in LN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Rui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Shuya Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Miao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Dihan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
| | - Limin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vogt H, Shinkwin P, Huber ME, Staffen N, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Schiedel M, Weikert D. Development of a Fluorescent Ligand for the Intracellular Allosteric Binding Site of the Neurotensin Receptor 1. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1533-1545. [PMID: 38751637 PMCID: PMC11092115 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The membrane protein family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represents a major class of drug targets. Over the last years, the presence of additional intracellular binding sites besides the canonical orthosteric binding pocket has been demonstrated for an increasing number of GPCRs. Allosteric modulators harnessing these pockets may represent valuable alternatives when targeting the orthosteric pocket is not successful for drug development. Starting from SBI-553, a recently discovered intracellular allosteric modulator for neurotensin receptor subtype 1 (NTSR1), we developed the fluorescent molecular probe 14. Compound 14 binds to NTSR1 with an affinity of 0.68 μM in the presence of the agonist NT(8-13). NanoBRET-based ligand binding assays with 14 were established to derive the affinity and structure-activity relationships for allosteric NTSR1 modulators in a direct and nonisotopic manner, thereby facilitating the search for and optimization of novel allosteric NTSR1 ligands. As a consequence of cooperativity between the ligands binding to the allosteric and orthosteric pocket, compound 14 can also be used to investigate orthosteric NTSR1 agonists and antagonists. Moreover, employing 14 as a probe in a drug library screening, we identified novel chemotypes as binders for the intracellular allosteric SBI-553 binding pocket of NTSR1 with single-digit micromolar affinity. These hits may serve as interesting starting points for the development of novel intracellular allosteric ligands for NTSR1 as a highly interesting yet unexploited drug target in the fields of pain and addiction disorder therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Vogt
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Shinkwin
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max E. Huber
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nico Staffen
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- FAU
NeW − Research Center New Bioactive Compounds, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schiedel
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute
of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dorothee Weikert
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- FAU
NeW − Research Center New Bioactive Compounds, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Loos NHC, Sparidans RW, Heydari P, Bui V, Lebre MC, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. The ABCB1 and ABCG2 efflux transporters limit brain disposition of the SYK inhibitors entospletinib and lanraplenib. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 485:116911. [PMID: 38527694 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The highly selective Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK) inhibitors entospletinib and lanraplenib disrupt kinase activity and inhibit immune cell functions. They are developed for treatment of B-cell malignancies and autoimmunity diseases. The impact of P-gp/ABCB1 and BCRP/ABCG2 efflux transporters, OATP1a/1b uptake transporters and CYP3A drug-metabolizing enzymes on the oral pharmacokinetics of these drugs was assessed using mouse models. Entospletinib and lanraplenib were orally administered simultaneously at moderate dosages (10 mg/kg each) to female mice to assess the possibility of examining two structurally and mechanistically similar drugs at the same time, while reducing the number of experimental animals and sample-processing workload. The plasma pharmacokinetics of both drugs were not substantially restricted by Abcb1 or Abcg2. The brain-to-plasma ratios of entospletinib in Abcb1a/b-/-, Abcg2-/- and Abcb1a/b;Abcg2-/- mice were 1.7-, 1.8- and 2.9-fold higher, respectively, compared to those in wild-type mice. For lanraplenib these brain-to-plasma ratios were 3.0-, 1.3- and 10.4-fold higher, respectively. This transporter-mediated restriction of brain penetration for both drugs could be almost fully inhibited by coadministration of the dual ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibitor elacridar, without signs of acute toxicity. Oatp1a/b and human CYP3A4 did not seem to affect the pharmacokinetics of entospletinib and lanraplenib, but mouse Cyp3a may limit lanraplenib plasma exposure. Unexpectedly, entospletinib and lanraplenib increased each other's plasma exposure by 2.6- to 2.9-fold, indicating a significant drug-drug interaction. This interaction was, however, unlikely to be mediated through any of the studied transporters or CYP3A. The obtained insights may perhaps help to further improve the safety and efficacy of entospletinib and lanraplenib.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- Female
- Mice
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/drug effects
- Syk Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Syk Kinase/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pyrimidines/pharmacokinetics
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Administration, Oral
- Indazoles
- Morpholines
- Pyrazines
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy H C Loos
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf W Sparidans
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paniz Heydari
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Viët Bui
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Lebre
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Danishuddin, Malik MZ, Kashif M, Haque S, Kim JJ. Exploring chemical space, scaffold diversity, and activity landscape of spleen tyrosine kinase active inhibitors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 35:325-342. [PMID: 38690773 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2024.2345618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to comprehensively characterize 576 inhibitors targeting Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase primarily found in haematopoietic cells, with significant relevance to B-cell receptor function. The objective is to gain insights into the structural requirements essential for potent activity, with implications for various therapeutic applications. Through chemoinformatic analyses, we focus on exploring the chemical space, scaffold diversity, and structure-activity relationships (SAR). By leveraging ECFP4 and MACCS fingerprints, we elucidate the relationship between chemical compounds and visualize the network using RDKit and NetworkX platforms. Additionally, compound clustering and visualization of the associated chemical space aid in understanding overall diversity. The outcomes include identifying consensus diversity patterns to assess global chemical space diversity. Furthermore, incorporating pairwise activity differences enhances the activity landscape visualization, revealing heterogeneous SAR patterns. The dataset analysed in this work has three activity cliff generators, CHEMBL3415598, CHEMBL4780257, and CHEMBL3265037, compounds with high affinity to SYK are very similar to compounds analogues with reasonable potency differences. Overall, this study provides a critical analysis of SYK inhibitors, uncovering potential scaffolds and chemical moieties crucial for their activity, thereby advancing the understanding of their therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danishuddin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - M Z Malik
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - M Kashif
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - S Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - J J Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Patton JT, Woyach JA. Targeting the B cell receptor signaling pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Semin Hematol 2024; 61:100-108. [PMID: 38749798 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant signal transduction through the B cell receptor (BCR) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). BCR-dependent signaling is necessary for the growth and survival of neoplastic cells, making inhibition of down-stream pathways a logical therapeutic strategy. Indeed, selective inhibitors against Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) have been shown to induce high rates of response in CLL and other B cell lymphomas. In particular, the development of BTK inhibitors revolutionized the treatment approach to CLL, demonstrating long-term efficacy. While BTK inhibitors are widely used for multiple lines of treatment, PI3K inhibitors are much less commonly utilized, mainly due to toxicities. CLL remains an incurable disease and effective treatment options after relapse or development of TKI resistance are greatly needed. This review provides an overview of BCR signaling, a summary of the current therapeutic landscape, and a discussion of the ongoing trials targeting BCR-associated kinases.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/metabolism
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John T Patton
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jennifer A Woyach
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang C, Qin YS, Wang CL, Xiao P, Tang S, Liu HJ, Wei Z, Cai H. Visible light-induced C(sp 3)-H azolation of ethers via radical-polar crossover. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2669-2672. [PMID: 38351890 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06210d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Reported herein is a photochemical strategy for C(sp3)-H azolation of ethers via a hydrogen-atom transfer and radical-polar crossover process, offering efficient access to valuable N-alkylated azoles under visible-light irradiation. The protocol is metal-free and photocatalyst-free, and exhibits good to excellent yields and broad substrate scope with regard to azoles. EPR experiments provide evidence for the formation of intermediates formed in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Shu Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Chen-Lu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Hong-Jun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenhong Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Hu Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bashore FM, Katis VL, Du Y, Sikdar A, Wang D, Bradshaw WJ, Rygiel KA, Leisner TM, Chalk R, Mishra S, Williams CA, Gileadi O, Brennan PE, Wiley JC, Gockley J, Cary GA, Carter GW, Young JE, Pearce KH, Fu H, Axtman AD. Characterization of covalent inhibitors that disrupt the interaction between the tandem SH2 domains of SYK and FCER1G phospho-ITAM. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293548. [PMID: 38359047 PMCID: PMC10868801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA sequencing and genetic data support spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma (FCER1G) as putative targets to be modulated for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy. FCER1G is a component of Fc receptor complexes that contain an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). SYK interacts with the Fc receptor by binding to doubly phosphorylated ITAM (p-ITAM) via its two tandem SH2 domains (SYK-tSH2). Interaction of the FCER1G p-ITAM with SYK-tSH2 enables SYK activation via phosphorylation. Since SYK activation is reported to exacerbate AD pathology, we hypothesized that disruption of this interaction would be beneficial for AD patients. Herein, we developed biochemical and biophysical assays to enable the discovery of small molecules that perturb the interaction between the FCER1G p-ITAM and SYK-tSH2. We identified two distinct chemotypes using a high-throughput screen (HTS) and orthogonally assessed their binding. Both chemotypes covalently modify SYK-tSH2 and inhibit its interaction with FCER1G p-ITAM, however, these compounds lack selectivity and this limits their utility as chemical tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances M. Bashore
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Vittorio L. Katis
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Medicines Discovery, ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Arunima Sikdar
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Dongxue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - William J. Bradshaw
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Medicines Discovery, ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karolina A. Rygiel
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Medicines Discovery, ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tina M. Leisner
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Rod Chalk
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Medicines Discovery, ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Swati Mishra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - C. Andrew Williams
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Opher Gileadi
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Medicines Discovery, ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Medicines Discovery, ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jake Gockley
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Cary
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| | - Gregory W. Carter
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| | - Jessica E. Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kenneth H. Pearce
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | | | - Alison D. Axtman
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Acharya A, Yadav M, Nagpure M, Kumaresan S, Guchhait SK. Molecular medicinal insights into scaffold hopping-based drug discovery success. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103845. [PMID: 38013043 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In both academia and the pharmaceutical industry, innovative hypotheses, methodologies and technologies that can shorten the drug research and development, leading to higher success rates, are vital. In this review, we demonstrate how innovative variations of the scaffold-hopping strategy have been used to create new druggable molecular spaces, drugs, clinical candidates, preclinical candidates, and bioactive agents. We also analyze molecular modulations that enabled improvements of the pharmacodynamic (PD), physiochemical, and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties (P3 properties) of the drugs resulting from these scaffold-hopping strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Acharya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Mukul Yadav
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Mithilesh Nagpure
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sanathanalaxmi Kumaresan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sankar K Guchhait
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Z, Qu S, Yuan J, Tian W, Xu J, Tao R, Sun S, Lu T, Tang W, Zhu Y. Review and prospects of targeted therapies for Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK). Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 96:117514. [PMID: 37984216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase. The dysregulation of SYK is closely related to the occurrence and development of allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. SYK has become an attractive target for drug discovery due to its important biological functions. This article reviews the biological function of SYK, the relationship between SYK and disease, and therapies targeting SYK. In addition, inspired by new technologies such as proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and phosphatase recruiting chimeras (PHORCs), we propose the development of new therapeutic approaches for targeting SYK, such as SYK PROTACs and SYK PHORCs, which may overcome deficiencies of existing methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhao Wang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Shu Qu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jiahao Yuan
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Wen Tian
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jinglei Xu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Rui Tao
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Shilong Sun
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Weifang Tang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Navarro S, Vögtle T, Groß N, Preu J, Englert M, Nieswandt B, Bösl MR, Stegner D. Mutations of the dimerization site of glycoprotein (GP) VI result in abolished expression. Thromb Res 2023; 232:89-92. [PMID: 37951045 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Navarro
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Würzburg, Germany; University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Timo Vögtle
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Würzburg, Germany; University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nina Groß
- University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Preu
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Würzburg, Germany; University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Englert
- University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Würzburg, Germany; University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Bösl
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Würzburg, Germany; University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - David Stegner
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Würzburg, Germany; University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Akinnusi PA, Olubode SO, Adebesin AO, Alade AA, Nwoke VC, Shodehinde SA. Optimal molecular binding data and pharmacokinetic profiles of novel potential triple-action inhibitors of chymase, spleen tyrosine kinase, and prostaglandin D2 receptor in the treatment of asthma. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:113. [PMID: 37947895 PMCID: PMC10638233 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic and complex pulmonary condition that affects the airways. A total of 250,000 asthma-related deaths are recorded annually and several proteins including chymase, spleen tyrosine kinase, and prostaglandin D2 receptor have been implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma. Different anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed for the treatment of asthma, particularly corticosteroids, but the associated adverse reactions cannot be overlooked. It is therefore of interest to identify and develop small molecule inhibitors of the integral proteins associated with asthma that have very little or no side effects. Herein, a molecular modeling approach was employed to screen the bioactive compounds in Chromolaena odorata and identify compounds with high binding affinity to the protein targets. RESULTS Five compounds were identified after rigorous and precise molecular screening namely (-)-epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, ombuine, quercetagetin, and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside. These compounds generally showed impressive binding to all the targets understudy. However, chlorogenic acid, quercetagetin, and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside showed better prospects in terms of triple-action inhibition. Further pulmonary and oral pharmacokinetics showed positive results for all the reported compounds. The generated pharmacophore model showed hydrogen bond donor, hydrogen bond acceptor, and aromatic rings as basic structural features required for triple action inhibition. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that these compounds could be explored as triple-action inhibitors of the protein targets. They are, therefore, recommended for further analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Victor Chinedu Nwoke
- Department of Biochemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Geyer CE, Chen HJ, Bye AP, Manz XD, Guerra D, Caniels TG, Bijl TP, Griffith GR, Hoepel W, de Taeye SW, Veth J, Vlaar AP, Vidarsson G, Bogaard HJ, Aman J, Gibbins JM, van Gils MJ, de Winther MP, den Dunnen J. Identification of new drugs to counteract anti-spike IgG-induced hyperinflammation in severe COVID-19. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302106. [PMID: 37699657 PMCID: PMC10497933 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we and others have shown that SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG antibodies play a major role in disease severity in COVID-19 by triggering macrophage hyperactivation, disrupting endothelial barrier integrity, and inducing thrombus formation. This hyperinflammation is dependent on high levels of anti-spike IgG with aberrant Fc tail glycosylation, leading to Fcγ receptor hyperactivation. For development of immune-regulatory therapeutics, drug specificity is crucial to counteract excessive inflammation whereas simultaneously minimizing the inhibition of antiviral immunity. We here developed an in vitro activation assay to screen for small molecule drugs that specifically counteract antibody-induced pathology. We identified that anti-spike-induced inflammation is specifically blocked by small molecule inhibitors against SYK and PI3K. We identified SYK inhibitor entospletinib as the most promising candidate drug, which also counteracted anti-spike-induced endothelial dysfunction and thrombus formation. Moreover, entospletinib blocked inflammation by different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Combined, these data identify entospletinib as a promising treatment for severe COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara E Geyer
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander P Bye
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, and School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University, London, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Xue D Manz
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Denise Guerra
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom G Caniels
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom Pl Bijl
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guillermo R Griffith
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willianne Hoepel
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven W de Taeye
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Veth
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Pj Vlaar
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jurjan Aman
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, and School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Marit J van Gils
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Menno Pj de Winther
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bashore FM, Katis VL, Du Y, Sikdar A, Wang D, Bradshaw WJ, Rygiel KA, Leisner TM, Chalk R, Mishra S, Williams AC, Gileadi O, Brennan PE, Wiley JC, Gockley J, Cary GA, Carter GW, Young JE, Pearce KH, Fu H, Axtman AD. Characterization of covalent inhibitors that disrupt the interaction between the tandem SH2 domains of SYK and FCER1G phospho-ITAM. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.28.551026. [PMID: 37547005 PMCID: PMC10402180 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.28.551026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
RNA sequencing and genetic data support spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma (FCER1G) as putative targets to be modulated for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy. FCER1G is a component of Fc receptor complexes that contain an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). SYK interacts with the Fc receptor by binding to doubly phosphorylated ITAM (p-ITAM) via its two tandem SH2 domains (SYK-tSH2). Interaction of the FCER1G p-ITAM with SYK-tSH2 enables SYK activation via phosphorylation. Since SYK activation is reported to exacerbate AD pathology, we hypothesized that disruption of this interaction would be beneficial for AD patients. Herein, we developed biochemical and biophysical assays to enable the discovery of small molecules that perturb the interaction between the FCER1G p-ITAM and SYK-tSH2. We identified two distinct chemotypes using a high-throughput screen (HTS) and orthogonally assessed their binding. Both chemotypes covalently modify SYK-tSH2 and inhibit its interaction with FCER1G p-ITAM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances M. Bashore
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vittorio L. Katis
- ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arunima Sikdar
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dongxue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William J. Bradshaw
- ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Karolina A. Rygiel
- ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Tina M. Leisner
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rod Chalk
- ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | | | | | - Opher Gileadi
- ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
- Current address: Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital and Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth H. Pearce
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Alison D. Axtman
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Grimster NP, Gingipalli L, Balazs A, Barlaam B, Boiko S, Boyd S, Dry H, Goldberg FW, Ikeda T, Johnson T, Kawatkar S, Kemmitt P, Lamont S, Lorthioir O, Mfuh A, Patel J, Pike A, Read J, Romero R, Sarkar U, Sha L, Simpson I, Song K, Su Q, Wang H, Watson D, Wu A, Zehnder TE, Zheng X, Li S, Dong Z, Yang D, Song Y, Wang P, Liu X, Dowling JE, Edmondson SD. Optimization of a series of novel, potent and selective Macrocyclic SYK inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 91:129352. [PMID: 37270074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a non-receptor cytoplasmic kinase. Due to its pivotal role in B cell receptor and Fc-receptor signalling, inhibition of SYK has been a target of interest in a variety of diseases. Herein, we report the use of structure-based drug design to discover a series of potent macrocyclic inhibitors of SYK, with excellent kinome selectivity and in vitro metabolic stability. We were able to remove hERG inhibition through the optimization of physical properties, and utilized a pro-drug strategy to address permeability challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Scott Boyd
- Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannah Dry
- Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, USA
| | | | - Tim Ikeda
- Discovery Sciences R & D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joe Patel
- Discovery Sciences R & D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, USA
| | - Andy Pike
- Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jon Read
- Discovery Sciences R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Li Sha
- Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, USA
| | | | - Kun Song
- Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, USA
| | - Qibin Su
- Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, USA
| | | | | | - Allan Wu
- Discovery Sciences R & D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, USA
| | | | | | - Shaolu Li
- Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Dejian Yang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Yanwei Song
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Van Daele M, Kilpatrick LE, Woolard J, Hill SJ. Characterisation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-receptor interactions at VEGFR2 using sunitinib-red and nanoBRET. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115672. [PMID: 37406966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important mediator of angiogenesis, proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells. It is well known that cardiovascular safety liability for a wide range of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can result from interference with the VEGFR2 signalling system. In this study we have developed a ligand-binding assay using a fluorescent analogue of sunitinib (sunitinib-red) and full length VEGFR2 tagged on its C-terminus with the bioluminescent protein nanoluciferase to monitor ligand-binding to VEGFR2 using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). This NanoBRET assay is a proximity-based assay (requiring the fluorescent and bioluminescent components to be within 10nm of each other) that can monitor the binding of ligands to the kinase domain of VEGFR2. Sunitinib-red was not membrane permeable but was able to monitor the binding affinity and kinetics of a range of TKIs in cell lysates. Kinetic studies showed that sunitinib-red bound rapidly to VEGFR2 at 25 °C and that cediranib had slower binding kinetics with an average residence time of 112 min. Comparison between the log Ki values for inhibition of binding of sunitinib-red and log IC50 values for attenuation of VEGF165a-stimulated NFAT responses showed very similar values for compounds that inhibited sunitinib-red binding. However, two compounds that failed to inhibit sunitinib-red binding (dasatinib and entospletinib) were still able to attenuate VEGFR2-mediated NFAT signalling through inhibition of downstream signalling events. These results suggest that these compounds may still exhibit cardiovascular liabilities as a result of interference with downstream VEGFR2 signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Van Daele
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK; Division of Bimolecular Science and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jeanette Woolard
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cui B, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Fan L, Jiao Y, Li H, Feng J, Tang W, Lu T, Chen Y. Discovery of 3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4 -amine derivatives as novel and potent syk inhibitors for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115597. [PMID: 37423126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is an important oncogene and signal transduction mediator that is mainly expressed in hematopoietic cells. Syk plays a key role in the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway. Abnormal activation of Syk is closely related to the occurrence and development of hematological malignancies. Therefore, Syk is a potential target for the treatment of various hematologic cancers. Starting from compound 6(Syk, IC50 = 15.8 μM), we performed fragment-based rational drug design for structural optimization based on the specific solvent-accessible region, hydrophobic region, and ribose region of Syk. This resulted in the discovery of a series of novel 3-(1H-benzo [d]imidazole-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-amine Syk inhibitors, which led to the identification of 19q, a highly potent Syk inhibitor that exhibited excellent inhibitory activity on Syk enzyme (IC50 = 0.52 nM) and showed potency against several other kinases. In addition, compound 19q effectively reduced phosphorylation of downstream PLCγ2 level in Romos cells. And it also exhibited antiproliferative activity in multiple hematological tumour cells. More gratifyingly, 19q showed impressive efficacy at a low dosage (1 mg/kg/day) in the MV4-11 mouse xenograft model without affecting the body weight of the mice. These findings suggest that 19q is a promising new Syk inhibitor for treating blood cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Cui
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Lu Fan
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yu Jiao
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Hongmei Li
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Jie Feng
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Weifang Tang
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Yadong Chen
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cho S, Jang E, Yoon T, Hwang H, Youn J. A novel selective spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor SKI-O-703 (cevidoplenib) ameliorates lupus nephritis and serum-induced arthritis in murine models. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:31-45. [PMID: 36346114 PMCID: PMC9993459 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) plays a pivotal role in the activation of B cells and innate inflammatory cells by transducing immune receptor-triggered signals. Dysregulated activity of Syk is implicated in the development of antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis, but the effect of Syk inhibition on such diseases remains to be fully evaluated. We have developed a novel selective Syk inhibitor, SKI-O-592, and its orally bioavailable salt form, SKI-O-703 (cevidoplenib). To examine the efficacy of SKI-O-703 on the progression of SLE, New Zealand black/white mice at the autoimmunity-established phase were administrated orally with SKI-O-703 for 16 weeks. Levels of IgG autoantibody, proteinuria, and glomerulonephritis fell significantly, and this was associated with hypoactivation of follicular B cells via the germinal center. In a model of serum-transferred arthritis, SKI-O-703 significantly ameliorated synovitis, with fewer neutrophils and macrophages infiltrated into the synovial tissue. This effect was recapitulated when mice otherwise refractory to anti-TNF therapy were treated by TNF blockade combined with a suboptimal dose of SKI-O-703. These results demonstrate that the novel selective Syk inhibitor SKI-O-703 attenuates the progression of autoantibody-mediated autoimmune diseases by inhibiting both autoantibody-producing and autoantibody-sensing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somi Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Eunkyeong Jang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Taeyoung Yoon
- Department of Discovery Biology, Research Institute, Oscotec Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea
| | - Haejun Hwang
- Department of Discovery Biology, Research Institute, Oscotec Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea
| | - Jeehee Youn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lierman E, Smits S, Debackere K, André M, Michaux L, Vandenberghe P. t(9;12)(q22;p13) ETV6::SYK: A new recurrent cytogenetic aberration and tyrosine kinase gene fusion in myeloid or lymphoid neoplasms associated with eosinophilia. Br J Haematol 2023; 200:665-668. [PMID: 36385372 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Els Lierman
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sanne Smits
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Debackere
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc André
- Department of Hematology, CHU UCL-Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Lucienne Michaux
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenberghe
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chin L, Wong CYG, Gill H. Targeting and Monitoring Acute Myeloid Leukaemia with Nucleophosmin-1 ( NPM1) Mutation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043161. [PMID: 36834572 PMCID: PMC9958584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in NPM1, also known as nucleophosmin-1, B23, NO38, or numatrin, are seen in approximately one-third of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). A plethora of treatment strategies have been studied to determine the best possible approach to curing NPM1-mutated AML. Here, we introduce the structure and function of NPM1 and describe the application of minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring using molecular methods by means of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), next-generation sequencing (NGS), and cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) to target NPM1-mutated AML. Current drugs, now regarded as the standard of care for AML, as well as potential drugs still under development, will also be explored. This review will focus on the role of targeting aberrant NPM1 pathways such as BCL-2 and SYK; as well as epigenetic regulators (RNA polymerase), DNA intercalators (topoisomerase II), menin inhibitors, and hypomethylating agents. Aside from medication, the effects of stress on AML presentation have been reported, and some possible mechanisms outlined. Moreover, targeted strategies will be briefly discussed, not only for the prevention of abnormal trafficking and localisation of cytoplasmic NPM1 but also for the elimination of mutant NPM1 proteins. Lastly, the advancement of immunotherapy such as targeting CD33, CD123, and PD-1 will be mentioned.
Collapse
|
23
|
Li L, Xu X, Lv K, Zheng G, Wang H, Chen S, Huang L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Tang Z, Zhang L, Wang J, Qiao J, Li H, Wang X, Yao G, Fang C. Asebogenin suppresses thrombus formation via inhibition of Syk phosphorylation. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:287-307. [PMID: 36166754 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Thrombosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Platelet activation by exposed collagen through glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are critical pathogenic factors for arterial and venous thrombosis. Both events are regulated by spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-mediated signalling events. Asebogenin is a dihydrochalcone whose pharmacological effects remain largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the antithrombotic effects of asebogenin and the underlying molecular mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Platelet aggregation was assessed using an aggregometer. Platelet P-selectin exposure, integrin activation and calcium mobilization were determined by flow cytometry. NETs formation was assessed by SYTOX Green staining and immunohistochemistry. Quantitative phosphoproteomics, microscale thermophoresis, in vitro kinase assay and molecular docking combined with dynamics simulation were performed to characterize the targets of asebogenin. The in vivo effects of asebogenin on arterial thrombosis were investigated using FeCl3 -induced and laser-induced injury models, whereas those of venous thrombosis were induced by stenosis of the inferior vena cava. KEY RESULTS Asebogenin inhibited a series of GPVI-induced platelet responses and suppressed NETs formation induced by proinflammatory stimuli. Mechanistically, asebogenin directly interfered with the phosphorylation of Syk at Tyr525/526, which is important for its activation. Further, asebogenin suppressed arterial thrombosis demonstrated by decreased platelet accumulation and fibrin generation and attenuated venous thrombosis determined by reduced neutrophil accumulation and NETs formation, without increasing bleeding risk. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Asebogenin exhibits potent antithrombotic effects by targeting Syk and is a potential lead compound for the development of efficient and safe antithrombotic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xulin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Keyu Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guijuan Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lang Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Liu
- DeepKinase Biotechnologies Ltd., Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhaoming Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianlin Qiao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.,Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuanbin Wang
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.,Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Guangmin Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Prajapati P, Doshi G. An Update on the Emerging Role of Wnt/β-catenin, SYK, PI3K/AKT, and GM-CSF Signaling Pathways in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1298-1316. [PMID: 38083893 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501276093231206064243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an untreatable autoimmune disorder. The disease is accompanied by joint impairment and anomalies, which negatively affect the patient's quality of life and contribute to a decline in manpower. To diagnose and treat rheumatoid arthritis, it is crucial to understand the abnormal signaling pathways that contribute to the disease. This understanding will help develop new rheumatoid arthritis-related intervention targets. Over the last few decades, researchers have given more attention to rheumatoid arthritis. The current review seeks to provide a detailed summary of rheumatoid arthritis, highlighting the basic description of the disease, past occurrences, the study of epidemiology, risk elements, and the process of disease progression, as well as the key scientific development of the disease condition and multiple signaling pathways and enumerating the most current advancements in discovering new rheumatoid arthritis signaling pathways and rheumatoid arthritis inhibitors. This review emphasizes the anti-rheumatoid effects of these inhibitors [for the Wnt/β-catenin, Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases (PI3K/AKT), Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK), and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) signaling pathways], illustrating their mechanism of action through a literature search, current therapies, and novel drugs under pre-clinical and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradyuman Prajapati
- SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao Y, Liu R, Li M, Liu P. The spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK): A crucial therapeutic target for diverse liver diseases. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12130. [PMID: 36568669 PMCID: PMC9768320 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is an enigmatic protein tyrosine kinase, and involved in signal transduction related with lots of cellular processes. It's highly expressed in the cells of hematopoietic origin and acts as an important therapeutic target in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and allergic disorders. In recent years, more and more evidences indicate that SYK is expressed in non-hematopoietic cells and effectively regulates various non-immune biological responses as well. In this review, we mainly summary the role of SYK in different liver diseases. Robust SYK expression has been discovered in hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, as well as Kupffer cells, which participates in the regulation of numerous signal transduction in various liver diseases (e.g. hepatitis, liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma). In addition, the blockage of SYK activity using small molecule modulators is considered as a significant therapeutic strategy against liver diseases, and both hepatic SYK and non-hepatic SYK could become highly promising therapeutic targets. Totally, even though some critical points about the significance of SYK in liver diseases treatment still need further elaboration, more reliable biotechnical or pharmacological therapy modes will be established based on the better understanding of the relationship between SYK and liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,International Joint Research Center on Cell Stress and Disease Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,International Joint Research Center on Cell Stress and Disease Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,International Joint Research Center on Cell Stress and Disease Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,International Joint Research Center on Cell Stress and Disease Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an, China,Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu W, Liu Z, Liu H, Westerhoff LM, Zheng Z. Free Energy Calculations Using the Movable Type Method with Molecular Dynamics Driven Protein–Ligand Sampling. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:5645-5665. [PMID: 36282990 PMCID: PMC9709919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fast and accurate biomolecular free energy estimation has been a significant interest for decades, and with recent advances in computer hardware, interest in new method development in this field has even grown. Thorough configurational state sampling using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations has long been applied to the estimation of the free energy change corresponding to the receptor-ligand complexing process. However, performing large-scale simulation is still a computational burden for the high-throughput hit screening. Among molecular modeling tools, docking and scoring methods are widely used during the early stages of the drug discovery process in that they can rapidly generate discrete receptor-ligand binding modes and their individual binding affinities. Unfortunately, the lack of thorough conformational sampling in docking and scoring protocols leads to difficulty discovering global minimum binding modes on a complicated energy landscape. The Movable Type (MT) method is a novel absolute binding free energy approach which has demonstrated itself to be robust across a wide range of targets and ligands. Traditionally, the MT method is used with protein-ligand binding modes generated with rigid-receptor or flexible-receptor (induced fit) docking protocols; however, these protocols are by their nature less likely to be effective with more highly flexible targets or with those situations in which binding involves multiple step pathways. In these situations, more thorough samplings are required to better explain the free energy of binding. Therefore, to explore the prediction capability and computational efficiency of the MT method when using more thorough protein-ligand conformational sampling protocols, in the present work, we introduced a series of binding mode modeling protocols ranging from conventional docking routines to single-trajectory conventional molecular dynamics (cMD) and parallel Monte Carlo molecular dynamics (MCMD). Through validation against several structurally and mechanistically diverse protein-ligand test sets, we explore the performance of the MT method as a virtual screening tool to work with the docking protocols and as an MD simulation-based binding free energy tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlang Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan430070, PR China
| | - Zhenhao Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan430070, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan430070, PR China
| | | | - Zheng Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan430070, PR China
- QuantumBio Inc., State College, Pennsylvania16801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zheng TJ, Parra-Izquierdo I, Reitsma SE, Heinrich MC, Larson MK, Shatzel JJ, Aslan JE, McCarty OJT. Platelets and tyrosine kinase inhibitors: clinical features, mechanisms of action, and effects on physiology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1231-C1250. [PMID: 35938677 PMCID: PMC9576167 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00040.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have emerged as a promising class of target-directed, small molecule inhibitors used to treat hematologic malignancies, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Recently, TKIs have also gained interest as potential antiplatelet-directed therapeutics that could be leveraged to reduce pathologic thrombus formation and atherothrombotic complications, while minimally affecting platelet hemostatic function. This review provides a mechanistic overview and summarizes the known effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on platelet signaling and function, detailing prominent platelet signaling pathways downstream of the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) receptor, integrin αIIbβ3, and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This review focuses on mechanistic as well as clinically relevant and emerging TKIs targeting major families of tyrosine kinases including but not limited to Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), Src family kinases (SFKs), Janus kinases (JAK), and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) and evaluates their effects on platelet aggregation and adhesion, granule secretion, receptor expression and activation, and protein phosphorylation events. In summation, this review highlights current advances and knowledge on the effects of select TKIs on platelet biology and furthers insight on signaling pathways that may represent novel druggable targets coupled to specific platelet functional responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony J Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Iván Parra-Izquierdo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Stéphanie E Reitsma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael C Heinrich
- Portland Veterans Affairs Health Care System and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Mark K Larson
- Department of Biology, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Joseph J Shatzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hahn DF, Bayly CI, Boby ML, Macdonald HEB, Chodera JD, Gapsys V, Mey ASJS, Mobley DL, Benito LP, Schindler CEM, Tresadern G, Warren GL. Best practices for constructing, preparing, and evaluating protein-ligand binding affinity benchmarks [Article v0.1]. LIVING JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022; 4:1497. [PMID: 36382113 PMCID: PMC9662604 DOI: 10.33011/livecoms.4.1.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Free energy calculations are rapidly becoming indispensable in structure-enabled drug discovery programs. As new methods, force fields, and implementations are developed, assessing their expected accuracy on real-world systems (benchmarking) becomes critical to provide users with an assessment of the accuracy expected when these methods are applied within their domain of applicability, and developers with a way to assess the expected impact of new methodologies. These assessments require construction of a benchmark-a set of well-prepared, high quality systems with corresponding experimental measurements designed to ensure the resulting calculations provide a realistic assessment of expected performance when these methods are deployed within their domains of applicability. To date, the community has not yet adopted a common standardized benchmark, and existing benchmark reports suffer from a myriad of issues, including poor data quality, limited statistical power, and statistically deficient analyses, all of which can conspire to produce benchmarks that are poorly predictive of real-world performance. Here, we address these issues by presenting guidelines for (1) curating experimental data to develop meaningful benchmark sets, (2) preparing benchmark inputs according to best practices to facilitate widespread adoption, and (3) analysis of the resulting predictions to enable statistically meaningful comparisons among methods and force fields. We highlight challenges and open questions that remain to be solved in these areas, as well as recommendations for the collection of new datasets that might optimally serve to measure progress as methods become systematically more reliable. Finally, we provide a curated, versioned, open, standardized benchmark set adherent to these standards (PLBenchmarks) and an open source toolkit for implementing standardized best practices assessments (arsenic) for the community to use as a standardized assessment tool. While our main focus is free energy methods based on molecular simulations, these guidelines should prove useful for assessment of the rapidly growing field of machine learning methods for affinity prediction as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David F. Hahn
- Computational Chemistry,Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | | | - Melissa L. Boby
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Hannah E. Bruce Macdonald
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065 USA
- MSD R&D Innovation Centre, 120 Moorgate, London EC2M 6UR, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Chodera
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Vytautas Gapsys
- Computational Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonia S. J. S. Mey
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, David Brewster Road, Joseph Black Building, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - David L. Mobley
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Laura Perez Benito
- Computational Chemistry,Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | | | - Gary Tresadern
- Computational Chemistry,Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tambat N, Mulani SK, Ahmad A, Shaikh SB, Ahmed K. Pyrazine Derivatives—Versatile Scaffold. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022050259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
30
|
He H, Yan J, Jin J, Yan Z, Yan Q, Wang W, Jiang H, Wang H, Chen F. TfOH-catalyzed regioselective N2-alkylation of indazoles with diazo compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6429-6432. [PMID: 35546320 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Selective alkylation of indazoles is still a highly challenging topic in chemistry and the synthesis of important molecules. Herein, a novel highly selective N2-alkylation of indazoles with diazo compounds is described in the presence of TfOH. Unlike the traditional metal- and base-catalysed version, this protocol highlights the regioselectivity of alkylation of indazoles and a metal-free catalysis system, affording N2-alkylated products in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity (N2/N1 up to 100/0) and excellent functional group tolerance. Furthermore, a gram scale synthesis was conducted successfully to give rise to the corresponding products. Mechanistic studies through control experiments provide plausible mechanistic proposals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hangli He
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China. .,School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jingru Jin
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China. .,School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zhewei Yan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China. .,School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Qiongjiao Yan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Haipeng Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China. .,School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China. .,Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wolf C, Maus C, Persicke MRO, Filarsky K, Tausch E, Schneider C, Döhner H, Stilgenbauer S, Lichter P, Höfer T, Mertens D. Modeling the B‐cell receptor signaling on single cell level reveals a stable network circuit topology between non‐malignant B cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and between untreated cells and cells treated with kinase inhibitors. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:783-796. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wolf
- Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Carsten Maus
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology German Cancer Research Center (DXDKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Bioquant Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael RO Persicke
- Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III University Hospital Ulm Ulm Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Katharina Filarsky
- Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Eugen Tausch
- Department of Internal Medicine III University Hospital Ulm Ulm Germany
| | | | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III University Hospital Ulm Ulm Germany
| | | | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology German Cancer Research Center (DXDKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Bioquant Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Mertens
- Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III University Hospital Ulm Ulm Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tang S, Yu Q, Ding C. Investigational spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitors for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:291-303. [PMID: 35130124 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are disorders induced by multiple inflammatory mediators, in which immune system attacks healthy tissues and triggers tissue injury. Targeted regulation of the activity of kinases that influence inflammation is one of the major therapies for ADs. Recently, investigational spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitors have shown encouraging results in the ADs therapy. AREAS COVERED This article provides a background on autoimmune diseases and provides an update on investigational SYK inhibitors. This literature review was conducted by searching publications about investigational Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of ADs from experimental to clinical studies. The search terms used were SYK inhibitors, R406, fostamatinib (R788), P505-15 (PRT062607), entospletinib (GS-9973), R112, lanraplenib (GS-9876), cerdulatinib, R343, BAY-61-3606, GSK compound 143 (GSK143), R211, SKI-G-618, SKI-O-85, ER-27319, YM193306, RO9021 in conjunction with autoimmune disease using electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Google Scholar. EXPERT OPINION SYK inhibitors are promising drugs with unique advantages and acceptable tolerability and safety for the treatment of ADs. However, the difficulties in developing highly selective SYK inhibitors and the unknown effects are challenges. Long term and real-world data are essential to determine the risk-benefit ratio and true role of SYK inhibitors in the therapy of ADs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su'an Tang
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Centre of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changhai Ding
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhou S, Huang G. Some important inhibitors and mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:930-943. [PMID: 34942050 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease that seriously affects human health and quality of life, and it is one of the main causes of labor loss and disability. Many countries have listed rheumatoid arthritis as one of the national a key diseases to tackle. The pathogenesis of RA in humans is still unknown, and medical researchers believe that the pathogenesis of RA may be the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. RA is an incurable condition that can only be controlled and treated with conventional drugs. In this paper, the pathologic features and pathogenesis of RA were introduced, and the research progress of new anti-rheumatoid arthritis chemical drugs in recent years was reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Zhou
- Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing, 401228, China.,College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hu Q, Liu M, You Y, Zhou G, Chen Y, Yuan H, Xie L, Han S, Zhu K. Dual inhibition of reactive oxygen species and spleen tyrosine kinase as a therapeutic strategy in liver fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:193-205. [PMID: 34492311 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play key roles in liver fibrosis (LF) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We previously reported that spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is critical for HSCs activation, however, the mechanisms are insufficiently understood. In the present study, we found that SYK facilitated autophagy to promote HSCs activation by enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, SYK inhibitor GS-9973 could efficiently reduce HSCs ROS generation in vitro but not in vivo. Mechanistically, hepatocytes (HCs) would release ROS outside and then diffuse into HSCs to promote autophagy and activation in vitro in the context of inflammation. We then further examined the ROS contents in liver sections and primary liver cells of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced mice treated with or without different doses of Silybin, a natural compound characterized by a well-established antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, and found that ROS intensities in both liver sections and their deprived primary cells were efficiently inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion. Lastly, we evaluated the rational combination of Silybin and GS-9973 in the treatment of CCl4 induced mice and found that this combination is well tolerated and acts synergistically against HSCs activity, LF and HCC. The combinational use of Silybin and GS-9973 could be a promising therapeutic strategy in patients suffering from LF and even HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoting Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350014, China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
| | - Yundan You
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China
| | - Guo Zhou
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516001, China
| | - Lulu Xie
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Shisong Han
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Kangshun Zhu
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kittai AS, Best S, Thurlow B, Lam V, Hashiguchi T, Goodyear S, Persky DO, Okada C, Park B, Spurgeon SE, Danilov AV. Entospletinib and obinutuzumab in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia and B-cell malignancies. Haematologica 2021; 106:2022-2025. [PMID: 33504141 PMCID: PMC8252925 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.270298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Kittai
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Scott Best
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Bria Thurlow
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Vi Lam
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Taylor Hashiguchi
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Shaun Goodyear
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Craig Okada
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Byung Park
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Stephen E Spurgeon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Alexey V Danilov
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Qin J, Cheng W, Duan YT, Yang H, Yao Y. Indazole as a Privileged Scaffold: The Derivatives and their Therapeutic Applications. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:839-860. [PMID: 32819234 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620999200818160350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterocyclic compounds, also called heterocycles, are a major class of organic chemical compound that plays a vital role in the metabolism of all living cells. The heterocyclic compound, indazole, has attracted more attention in recent years and is widely present in numerous commercially available drugs. Indazole-containing derivatives, representing one of the most important heterocycles in drug molecules, are endowed with a broad range of biological properties. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science regarding articles related to indazole and its therapeutic application. RESULTS The mechanism and structure-activity relationship of indazole and its derivatives were described. Based on their versatile biological activities, the compounds were divided into six groups: anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-HIV, antiarrhythmic, antifungal and antitumour. At least 43 indazole-based therapeutic agents were found to be used in clinical application or clinical trials. CONCLUSION This review is a guide for pharmacologists who are in search of valid preclinical/clinical drug compounds where the progress of approved marketed drugs containing indazole scaffold is examined from 1966 to the present day. Future direction involves more diverse bioactive moieties with indazole scaffold and greater insights into its mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Weyland Cheng
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affilited to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450018, China
| | - Yong-Tao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affilited to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450018, China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yongfang Yao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affilited to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450018, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Loftus JP, Yahiaoui A, Brown PA, Niswander LM, Bagashev A, Wang M, Schauf A, Tannheimer S, Tasian SK. Combinatorial efficacy of entospletinib and chemotherapy in patient-derived xenograft models of infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2021; 106:1067-1078. [PMID: 32414848 PMCID: PMC8018117 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.241729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of infants with KMT2A-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains dismal despite intensive chemotherapy. We observed constitutive phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and associated signaling proteins in infant ALL patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model specimens and hypothesized that the SYK inhibitor entospletinib would inhibit signaling and cell growth in vitro and leukemia proliferation in vivo. We further predicted that combined entospletinib and chemotherapy could augment anti-leukemia effects. Basal kinase signaling activation and HOXA9/MEIS1 expression differed among KMT2Arearranged (KMT2A-AFF1 [n=4], KMT2A-MLLT3 [n=1], KMT2A-MLLT1 [n=4]) and non-KMT2A-rearranged [n=3] ALL specimens and stratified by genetic subgroup. Incubation of KMT2A-rearranged ALL cells in vitro with entospletinib inhibited methylcellulose colony formation and SYK pathway signaling in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo inhibition of leukemia proliferation with entospletinib monotherapy was observed in RAS-wild-type KMT2A-AFF1, KMT2A-MLLT3, and KMT2A-MLLT1 ALL PDX models with enhanced activity in combination with vincristine chemotherapy in several models. Surprisingly, entospletinib did not decrease leukemia burden in two KMT2A-AFF1 PDX models with NRAS or KRAS mutations, suggesting potential RAS-mediated resistance to SYK inhibition. As hypothesized, superior inhibition of ALL proliferation was observed in KMT2A-AFF1 PDX models treated with entospletinib and the MEK inhibitor selumetinib versus vehicle or inhibitor monotherapies (P<0.05). In summary, constitutive activation of SYK and associated signaling occurs in KMT2A-rearranged ALL with in vitro and in vivo sensitivity to entospletinib. Combination therapy with vincristine or selumetinib further enhanced treatment effects of SYK inhibition. Clinical study of entospletinib and chemotherapy or other kinase inhibitors in patients with KMT2A-rearranged leukemias may be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Loftus
- Div of Oncology, Children Hospital and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Patrick A Brown
- Johns Hopkins University and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, USA
| | - Lisa M Niswander
- Div of Oncology, Children Hospital and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Asen Bagashev
- Div of Oncology, Children Hospital and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Gilead Sciences; Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah K Tasian
- Div of Oncology, Children Hospital and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Philadelphia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pohlmeyer CW, Shang C, Han P, Cui ZH, Jones RM, Clarke AS, Murray BP, Lopez DA, Newstrom DW, Inzunza MD, Matzkies FG, Currie KS, Di Paolo JA. Characterization of the mechanism of action of lanraplenib, a novel spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in models of lupus nephritis. BMC Rheumatol 2021; 5:15. [PMID: 33781343 PMCID: PMC8008554 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-021-00178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B cells are critical mediators of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN), and antinuclear antibodies can be found in the serum of approximately 98% of patients with SLE. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that mediates signaling from immunoreceptors, including the B cell receptor. Active, phosphorylated SYK has been observed in tissues from patients with SLE or cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and its inhibition is hypothesized to ameliorate disease pathogenesis. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and characterize the mechanism of action of lanraplenib, a selective oral SYK inhibitor, in the New Zealand black/white (NZB/W) murine model of SLE and LN. Methods Lanraplenib was evaluated for inhibition of primary human B cell functions in vitro. Furthermore, the effect of SYK inhibition on ameliorating LN-like disease in vivo was determined by treating NZB/W mice with lanraplenib, cyclophosphamide, or a vehicle control. Glomerulopathy and immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposition were quantified in kidneys. The concentration of proinflammatory cytokines was measured in serum. Splenocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry for B cell maturation and T cell memory maturation, and the presence of T follicular helper and dendritic cells. Results In human B cells in vitro, lanraplenib inhibited B cell activating factor-mediated survival as well as activation, maturation, and immunoglobulin M production. Treatment of NZB/W mice with lanraplenib improved overall survival, prevented the development of proteinuria, and reduced blood urea nitrogen concentrations. Kidney morphology was significantly preserved by treatment with lanraplenib as measured by glomerular diameter, protein cast severity, interstitial inflammation, vasculitis, and frequency of glomerular crescents; treatment with lanraplenib reduced glomerular IgG deposition. Mice treated with lanraplenib had reduced concentrations of serum proinflammatory cytokines. Lanraplenib blocked disease-driven B cell maturation and T cell memory maturation in the spleen. Conclusions Lanraplenib blocked the progression of LN-like disease in NZB/W mice. Human in vitro and murine in vivo data suggest that lanraplenib may be efficacious in preventing disease progression in patients with LN at least in part by inhibiting B cell maturation. These data provide additional rationale for the use of lanraplenib in the treatment of SLE and LN. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41927-021-00178-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ching Shang
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Pei Han
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Zhi-Hua Cui
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Randall M Jones
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Astrid S Clarke
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Bernard P Murray
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - David A Lopez
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - David W Newstrom
- Department of Nonclinical Safety and Pathobiology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - M David Inzunza
- Department of Nonclinical Safety and Pathobiology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - Kevin S Currie
- Department of Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Julie A Di Paolo
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Novel Treatments for Mantle Cell Lymphoma: From Targeted Therapies to CAR T Cells. Drugs 2021; 81:669-684. [PMID: 33783717 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma is a rare B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that retains a sobering prognosis despite an extensive research effort. Mantle cell lymphoma remains incurable even with aggressive, and at times toxic, chemoimmunotherapy with early incorporation of autologous stem cell transplantation. Given this, attention has turned to the use of targeted therapies addressing dysregulation of B-cell signaling pathways. Drugs such as immunomodulatory agents, proteasome inhibitors, and Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown success in the relapsed/refractory population, and there is ongoing investigation into the utilization of novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2, and spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors alone or in combination in both the front-line and relapsed settings. Other areas of research in novel immunotherapies include investigations of bispecific T-cell engagers and antibody-drug conjugates. Most recently, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy has been granted US Food and Drug Administration approval as a result of durable remissions even in high-risk patients who have classically done poorly with traditional chemoimmunotherapy. The intent of this article is to review the literature describing these selective therapies and discuss their current and future roles in the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma.
Collapse
|
40
|
Galan-Vasquez E, Perez-Rueda E. A landscape for drug-target interactions based on network analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247018. [PMID: 33730052 PMCID: PMC7968663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we performed an analysis of the networks of interactions between drugs and their targets to assess how connected the compounds are. For our purpose, the interactions were downloaded from the DrugBank database, and we considered all drugs approved by the FDA. Based on topological analysis of this interaction network, we obtained information on degree, clustering coefficient, connected components, and centrality of these interactions. We identified that this drug-target interaction network cannot be divided into two disjoint and independent sets, i.e., it is not bipartite. In addition, the connectivity or associations between every pair of nodes identified that the drug-target network is constituted of 165 connected components, where one giant component contains 4376 interactions that represent 89.99% of all the elements. In this regard, the histamine H1 receptor, which belongs to the family of rhodopsin-like G-protein-coupled receptors and is activated by the biogenic amine histamine, was found to be the most important node in the centrality of input-degrees. In the case of centrality of output-degrees, fostamatinib was found to be the most important node, as this drug interacts with 300 different targets, including arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase or ALOX5, expressed on cells primarily involved in regulation of immune responses. The top 10 hubs interacted with 33% of the target genes. Fostamatinib stands out because it is used for the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia in adults. Finally, 187 highly connected sets of nodes, structured in communities, were also identified. Indeed, the largest communities have more than 400 elements and are related to metabolic diseases, psychiatric disorders and cancer. Our results demonstrate the possibilities to explore these compounds and their targets to improve drug repositioning and contend against emergent diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Galan-Vasquez
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas Computacionales y Automatización, Instituto de Investigación en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México City, México
| | - Ernesto Perez-Rueda
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Académica Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jiang WS, Ji DW, Zhang WS, Zhang G, Min XT, Hu YC, Jiang XL, Chen QA. Orthogonal Regulation of Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Sites in Pd-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Couplings between Indazoles and Isoprene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8321-8328. [PMID: 33463001 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the reactant property and reaction mechanism, one major regioisomer can be favored in a reaction that involves multiple active sites. Herein, an orthogonal regulation of nucleophilic and electrophilic sites in the regiodivergent hydroamination of isoprene with indazoles is demonstrated. Under Pd-hydride catalysis, the 1,2- or 4,3-insertion pathway with respect to the electrophilic sites on isoprene could be controlled by the choice of ligands. In terms of the nucleophilic sites on indazoles, the reaction occurs at either the N1 - or N2 -position of indazoles is governed by the acid co-catalysts. Preliminary experimental studies have been performed to rationalize the mechanism and regioselectivity. This study not only contributes a practical tool for selective functionalization of isoprene, but also provides a guide to manipulate the regioselectivity for the N-functionalization of indazoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shuang Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wei-Song Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiang-Ting Min
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xu-Liang Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jiang W, Ji D, Zhang W, Zhang G, Min X, Hu Y, Jiang X, Chen Q. Orthogonal Regulation of Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Sites in Pd‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Couplings between Indazoles and Isoprene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Shuang Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Ding‐Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Wei‐Song Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Xiang‐Ting Min
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yan‐Cheng Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Xu‐Liang Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Qing‐An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Small molecule approaches to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (Part I): Kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 38:127862. [PMID: 33609659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases place a huge burden on the healthcare system. Small molecule (SM) therapeutics provide much needed complementary treatment options for these diseases. This digest series highlights the latest progress in the discovery and development of safe and efficacious SMs to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases with each part representing a class of SMs, namely: 1) protein kinases; 2) nucleic acid-sensing pathways; and 3) soluble ligands and receptors on cell surfaces. In this first part of the series, the focus is on kinase inhibitors that emerged between 2018 and 2020, and which exhibit increased target and tissue selectivity with the aim of increasing their therapeutic index.
Collapse
|
44
|
Sender S, Sekora A, Villa Perez S, Chabanovska O, Becker A, Ngezahayo A, Junghanss C, Murua Escobar H. Precursor B-ALL Cell Lines Differentially Respond to SYK Inhibition by Entospletinib. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E592. [PMID: 33435587 PMCID: PMC7827334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired B-cell receptor (BCR) function has been associated with the progress of several B-cell malignancies. The spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) represents a potential therapeutic target in a subset of B-cell neoplasias. In precursor B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), the pathogenic role and therapeutic potential of SYK is still controversially discussed. We evaluate the application of the SYK inhibitor entospletinib (Ento) in pre- and pro-B-ALL cell lines, characterizing the biologic and molecular effects. METHODS SYK expression was characterized in pre-B-ALL (NALM-6) and pro-B-ALL cell lines (SEM and RS4;11). The cell lines were exposed to different Ento concentrations and the cell biological response analyzed by proliferation, metabolic activity, apoptosis induction, cell-cycle distribution and morphology. BCR pathway gene expression and protein modulations were further characterized. RESULTS Ento significantly induced anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in NALM-6 and SEM, while barely affecting RS4;11. Targeted RNAseq revealed pronounced gene expression modulation only in NALM-6, while Western Blot analyses demonstrated that vital downstream effector proteins, such as pAKT, pERK, pGSK3β, p53 and BCL-6, were affected by Ento exposure in the inhibitor-sensitive cell lines. CONCLUSION Different acting modes of Ento, independent of pre-BCR dependency, were characterized, unexpected in SEM. Accordingly, SYK classifies as a potential target structure in a subset of pro-B-ALLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Sender
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.V.P.); (O.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Anett Sekora
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.V.P.); (O.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Simon Villa Perez
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.V.P.); (O.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Oleksandra Chabanovska
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.V.P.); (O.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Annegret Becker
- Department of Cell Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (A.N.)
| | - Anaclet Ngezahayo
- Department of Cell Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany; (A.B.); (A.N.)
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.V.P.); (O.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.V.P.); (O.C.); (C.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tung MC, Tsai KC, Fung KM, Don MJ, Tseng TS. Characterizing the structure-activity relationships of natural products, tanshinones, reveals their mode of action in inhibiting spleen tyrosine kinase. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2453-2461. [PMID: 35424194 PMCID: PMC8693659 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08769f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic non-receptor protein kinase, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), is an attractive drug target in autoimmune, inflammatory disorder, and cancers indications. Here, we employed pharmacophore-based drug screening combined with biochemical assay and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to identify and characterize inhibitors targeting SYK. The built pharmacophore model, phar-TanI, successfully identified tanshinone (TanI (IC50 = 1.72 μM)) and its analogs (TanIIA (IC50 = 3.2 μM), ST32da (IC50 = 46 μM), and ST32db (IC50 = 51 μM)) which apparently attenuated the activities of SYK in vitro. Additionally, the MD simulations followed by Ligplot analyses revealed that TanI and TanIIA interfered SYK activity through binding deeply into the active site. Besides, TanI and TanIIA mainly interact with residues L377, A400, V433, M448, M450, A451, E452, L453, G454, P455, and L501, which are functional hotspots for structure-based inhibitor optimization against SYK. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) study of the identified SYK inhibitors demonstrated that the pharmacophore model, phar-TanI is reliable and precise in screening inhibitors against SYK. This study disclosed the structure-function relationships of tanshinones from Traditional Chinese Medicine (Danshen), revealing their binding site and mode of action in inhibiting SYK and provides applicability in developing new therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Che Tung
- Department of Stomatology, Tung's MetroHarbor Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Keng-Chang Tsai
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare Taipei Taiwan
- PhD Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kit-Man Fung
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jaw Don
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tien-Sheng Tseng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhao J, Kim JW, Zhou Z, Qi J, Tian W, Lim CW, Han KM, Kim B. Macrophage-Inducible C-Type Lectin Signaling Exacerbates Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury by Promoting Kupffer Cell Activation in Mice. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 99:92-103. [PMID: 33262251 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) has become one of the most frequent causes of acute liver failure. Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) acts as a key moderator in immune responses by recognizing spliceosome-associated protein 130 (SAP130), which is an endogenous ligand released by necrotic cells. This study aims to explore the function of Mincle in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Wild-type (WT) and Mincle knockout (KO) mice were used to induce acute liver injury by injection of APAP. The hepatic expressions of Mincle, SAP130, and Mincle signaling intermediate (Syk) were markedly upregulated after the APAP challenge. Mincle KO mice showed attenuated injury in the liver, as shown by reduced pathologic lesions, decreased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, downregulated levels of inflammatory cytokines, and decreased neutrophil infiltration. Consistently, inhibition of Syk signaling by GS9973 alleviated APAP hepatotoxicity. Most importantly, Kupffer cells (KCs) were found as the major cellular source of Mincle. The depletion of KCs abolished the detrimental role of Mincle, and the adoptive transfer of WT KC to Mincle KO mice partially reversed the hyporesponsiveness to hepatotoxicity induced by APAP. Furthermore, the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and neutrophil-attractant CXC chemokines were substantially lower in KCs isolated from APAP-treated Mincle KO mice compared with those from WT mice. Similar results were found in primary Mincle KO KCs treated with a ligand of Mincle (trehalose-6,6-dibehenate) or in conditioned media obtained from APAP-treated hepatocytes. Collectively, Mincle can regulate the inflammatory response of KCs, which is necessary for the complete progression of hepatotoxicity induced by APAP. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is becoming a main cause of drug-induced acute liver damage in the developed world. This study showed that macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) deletion or inhibition of Mincle downstream signaling attenuates APAP hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, Mincle as a modulator of Kupffer cell activation contributes to the full process of hepatotoxicity induced by APAP. This mechanism will offer valuable insights to overcome the limitation of APAP hepatotoxicity treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea (J.Z., J.-W.K., Z.Z., J.Q., W.T., C.W.L., B.K.); Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.M.H.); and College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea (J.Z., J.-W.K., Z.Z., J.Q., W.T., C.W.L., B.K.); Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.M.H.); and College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Zixiong Zhou
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea (J.Z., J.-W.K., Z.Z., J.Q., W.T., C.W.L., B.K.); Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.M.H.); and College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Qi
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea (J.Z., J.-W.K., Z.Z., J.Q., W.T., C.W.L., B.K.); Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.M.H.); and College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Weishun Tian
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea (J.Z., J.-W.K., Z.Z., J.Q., W.T., C.W.L., B.K.); Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.M.H.); and College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Chae Woong Lim
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea (J.Z., J.-W.K., Z.Z., J.Q., W.T., C.W.L., B.K.); Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.M.H.); and College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Kang Min Han
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea (J.Z., J.-W.K., Z.Z., J.Q., W.T., C.W.L., B.K.); Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.M.H.); and College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea (J.Z., J.-W.K., Z.Z., J.Q., W.T., C.W.L., B.K.); Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.M.H.); and College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Barlaam B, Boiko S, Boyd S, Dry H, Gingipalli L, Ikeda T, Johnson T, Kawatkar S, Lorthioir O, Pike A, Pollard H, Read J, Su Q, Wang H, Wang H, Wang L, Wang P, Edmondson SD. Novel potent and selective pyrazolylpyrimidine-based SYK inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127523. [PMID: 32877741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hybridisation of amino-pyrimidine based SYK inhibitors (e.g. 1a) with previously reported diamine-based SYK inhibitors (e.g. TAK-659) led to the identification and optimisation of a novel pyrimidine-based series of potent and selective SYK inhibitors, where the original aminomethylene group was replaced by a 3,4-diaminotetrahydropyran group. The initial compound 5 achieved excellent SYK potency. However, it suffered from poor permeability and modest kinase selectivity. Further modifications of the 3,4-diaminotetrahydropyran group were identified and the interactions of those groups with Asp512 were characterised by protein X-ray crystallography. Further optimisation of this series saw mixed results where permeability and kinase selectivity were increased and oral bioavailability was achieved in the series, but at the expense of potent hERG inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott Boiko
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Scott Boyd
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Dry
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Timothy Ikeda
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tony Johnson
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Andy Pike
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Pollard
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Read
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Qibin Su
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Haiyun Wang
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Huimin Wang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Lianghe Wang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, unmet medical needs in some areas still exist. One of the main therapeutic approaches to alleviate dysregulated inflammation has been to target the activity of kinases that regulate production of inflammatory mediators. Small-molecule kinase inhibitors have the potential for broad efficacy, convenience and tissue penetrance, and thus often offer important advantages over biologics. However, designing kinase inhibitors with target selectivity and minimal off-target effects can be challenging. Nevertheless, immense progress has been made in advancing kinase inhibitors with desirable drug-like properties into the clinic, including inhibitors of JAKs, IRAK4, RIPKs, BTK, SYK and TPL2. This Review will address the latest discoveries around kinase inhibitors with an emphasis on clinically validated autoimmunity and inflammatory pathways. Unmet medical needs in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases still exist. This Review discusses the activity of kinases that regulate production of inflammatory mediators and the recent advances in developing inhibitors to target such kinases.
Collapse
|
50
|
Scaffold hopping of the SYK inhibitor entospletinib leads to broader targeting of the BCR signalosome. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|